Friday, November 18, 2022

Children among dead as Iran sees large protests, strikes

Authorities in Iran are dealing with a three-day surge in protests as the West ramps up pressure over human rights concerns.

People walk in front of closed shops of Tehran's Grand Bazaar - many businesses have shut down after a nationwide strike was called in Iran [Vahid Salemi/AP Photo]

Tehran, Iran – At least two children are among more than a dozen people killed during the latest surge in protests across Iran, which have taken place on the anniversary of a previous round of protests three years ago.

Numerous cities across Iran saw chaotic scenes on Tuesday and Wednesday, the first two of three days of protests and strikes which were called online to mark the November 2019 protests, when hundreds were killed amid an internet blackout.

The deadliest incident took place on Wednesday night in Izeh in the southwestern province of Khuzestan, where at least seven people were killed in an incident that some users online blamed on the state and authorities blamed on unknown assailants.

Iranian authorities said two “terrorists” on a motorcycle opened fire on a crowd using an assault rifle, killing seven people – including two boys aged nine and 13 – and injuring nine, with two of them in critical condition.

Ali Dehghani, Khuzestan’s judiciary chief, said three people were arrested for being behind what he described as “riots” in Izeh.

At least six more people were killed in the central province of Isfahan. Three protesters were among the dead, and authorities said two members of the Basij paramilitary forces were killed after assailants on a motorcycle opened fire on them and fled the scene. A third security officer also died.

One Basij member and seven police officers were also reportedly injured as a result of the shooting.

Meanwhile, on Tuesday, at least three protesters were killed in protests that erupted on Tuesday in three separate cities, according to foreign-based human rights organisations.

State media reported that three members of security forces were also killed during Tuesday’s events. Videos circulating online on Tuesday and Wednesday showed protests and strikes in dozens of cities across Iran, including Gorgan, Tabriz, Arak, Sanandaj, Mashhad, Kerman, Shiraz and Bandar Abbas.

In the capital, Tehran, videos appeared to show protests in many neighbourhoods, including in Shahrak-e Gharb in the western part of the metropolis.

Protesters closed the streets surrounding Sanat Square on Tuesday afternoon, chanting “freedom, freedom” and anti-establishment slogans.

Several videos showed unrest in underground metro stations in Tehran, with security forces firing and people falling and being trampled while trying to run in a panic.

Another video, which Al Jazeera has been unable to verify, showed police officers entering train wagons and beating commuters with batons.

Videos of closed shops have been circulating on social media from many cities. Many privately-owned businesses, including cafes and galleries, had announced closures from Tuesday through to Thursday on their social media accounts, without publicly citing strikes as the reason.

But state-affiliated media have questioned the strikes and their scope, regularly releasing videos from major marketplaces that show people shopping.

They have also claimed that organised gangs tried to force shops to close in some places, including the Grand Bazaar in Tehran, which the capital’s police chief visited on Thursday to ensure calm.

At least five people have been sentenced to death in cases linked with the protests, according to the Iranian judiciary. Hundreds have been killed during the protests, according to foreign-based human rights organisations, but Iranian authorities have not released official tallies.

The protests began shortly after the September 16 death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old woman who was arrested by Iran’s morality police for allegedly not adhering to the country’s dress code for women, in custody.

‘All the devils have gathered’

State media on Thursday released a previously unpublished speech reportedly made by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei last month, in which he does not directly mention the protests but praises members of the security forces who had been “martyred”.

“A martyr of security sacrifices his life for the security and tranquillity of the people, and all of these sacrifices are a manifestation of all the ethical values that lie in martyrs and martyrdom,” he was quoted as saying.

The supreme leader, along with other top officials, has repeatedly blamed Iran’s rivals, particularly the United States, for orchestrating the protests in an effort to break Iran apart.

In a speech on Thursday, Hossein Salami, the commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), repeated that claim, saying the US, Israel, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Saudi Arabia “have come to wage war against God and martyrs”.

“All the devils of the world have gathered together” against Iran in a “major conspiracy”, he told an audience in Qom.

Sanctions, UN resolutions

The US, the European Union, the UK and Canada have slapped a slew of human rights sanctions against Iranian officials and entities in relation to their response to the protests, with Tehran responding with its own sanctions.

The latest came on Wednesday when the US blacklisted six senior members of Iranian state television channels, accusing them of broadcasting forced confessions and acting as “a key tool in the Iranian government’s mass suppression and censorship campaign against its own people”.

Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron over the past week has repeatedly referred to the protests as a “revolution” and German leaders have denounced Iranian officials while supporting the protests.

Germany and Iceland also presented a request for a special session of the United Nations Human Rights Council on the protests, which is slated to be held next week.

On Wednesday, the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly approved a resolution censuring Iran for its response to the protests, which Iran’s foreign ministry has condemned as an example of “Iranophobia”.

In a separate case of ongoing tensions between Iran and the West, the US and E3 have also presented a draft resolution censuring Iran for insufficient cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which could pass this week.

SOURCE: AL JAZEERA

Iran protests: family of boy, 9, killed in night of violence blame attack on security forces

Kian Pirfalak was one of several people killed on Wednesday as anger over Mahsa Amini transforms into wider protest against the regime

A still from unverified footage showing a seminary that was set on fire in Izeh in western Iran during anti-government protests. Photograph: Twitter/@1500tasvir

The family of a nine-year-old boy killed on Wednesday evening by assailants on motorbikes during some of the worst violence in Iran in two months of protests have accused security forces of carrying out the attack.

Kian Pirfalak was one of seven people, including a woman and a 13-year-old child, killed by gunmen in the western city of Izeh.

Authorities blamed the deaths on “terrorists” who “took advantage of a gathering of protesters … to open fire on people and security officers”, according to a report by the official IRNA news agency.

IRNA said eight people were wounded, including three police and two members of the Basij paramilitary force, which is linked to the Islamic Revolutionary Guards.

But in an audio recording tweeted by Radio Farda, a US-funded Persian station based in Prague, a man identifying himself as a family member said security forces were responsible for Kian’s death. “He was going home with his father and was targeted with bullets by the corrupt regime of the Islamic republic. Their car was attacked from all four sides,” the man is heard saying in the recording. A similar allegation was made on Instagram.

The boy’s body was reportedly taken to the family home covered in ice because family members feared if he was sent to the morgue it would be taken by the security forces, as has happened in numerous other cases.

Protesters said members of the Basij paramilitary force were running amok in the city on Wednesday.

Ali Karimi, an Iranian footballer and supporter of the protesters who lives in the United Arab Emirates, wrote on social media: “Kian! We will take back Iran!” Kataneh Afshar Nejad, an Iranian actor, posted footage of herself on Instagram without a hijab condemning Pirfalak’s death.

In a separate attack hours later in Isfahan, two assailants on a motorcycle fired automatic weapons at members of the Basij, killing two and wounding two others, the Fars news agency said.

Protests over the death in custody of Mahsa Amini on 16 September have intensified this week, on the third anniversary of a bloody crackdown on unrest over fuel price hikes. The unrest has been fanned by fury over the brutal enforcement of the mandatory hijab law, but has grown into a broad movement against the theocracy that has ruled Iran since 1979.

On Thursday one protester was killed in Bukan and two in Sanandaj, where mourners were paying tribute to “four victims of the popular resistance” 40 days after they were killed, the Oslo-based Hengaw rights group said.

Footage from Sanandaj on Thursday showed protesters marching down a street filled with bonfires and chanting “death to the dictator”. IRNA reported that a police colonel called Hassan Youssefi had been killed after being stabbed repeatedly in the city.

Late on Wednesday Hengaw had said security forces were accused of killing at least 10 people within a 24-hour period during protests in the cities of Bukan, Kamyaran, Sanandaj and Amini’s home town of Saqez.

Three days of renewed violence had begun on Tuesday when security forces opened fire on people at a metro station in Tehran.

People run for cover as Iranian police open fire during protest at Tehran metro station – video

In a sign that the regime could be preparing the ground for an uptick in repression, official news agencies said Wednesday night’s deaths might be evidence that the protests were turning into an “armed insurrection”. An investigation of the bullets in the bodies of those shot dead is to be held and there is now likely to be a massive propaganda battle in which authorities will argue the protests are the seedbed for what it calls the “Syrianisation” of Iran and a collapse of public order.

As well as the protests, shopkeepers and others have gone on strike in Iran, and videos posted on social media on Wednesday showed shops closed in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar as protesters chanted anti-government slogans. The state claims there is no enthusiasm for the strikes and that organised gangs have been harassing hard-pressed business owners into pulling down their shutters.

The regime’s difficulty, acknowledged by many reformist politicians and academics inside Iran, is that many protesters have long ago stopped taking their news from what they regard as utterly discredited official sources, and instead rely either on internal social media or international Farsi-speaking satellite broadcast channels and websites, such as BBC Persian or Iran International

At least five protesters have now been officially sentenced to death, according to the media centre for the judiciary, one for allegedly setting fire to a government building.

Speaking at the G20 meeting in Indonesia on Wednesday, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, likened recent events in Iran to a revolution.

“Something that has changed [on the ground in Iran] is this revolution of women, young people of Iran, defending universal values like gender equality,” he said. “It’s important to commend the courage and legitimacy of this fight.”

The west appears to be rethinking its entire strategy towards Iran, something Iran’s political establishment is only starting to realise. The internal protests, and evidence that Iran has been supplying Russia with drones to help attack Ukraine, has left advocates of a revival of the nuclear deal struggling for political footing. So far criticism within Iran of the decision to take Russia’s side over Ukraine, given the inevitable wider diplomatic impact, has not been forceful enough to challenge hardliners’ grip on foreign policy.

Agence France-Presse contributed to this report

WHO DONE IT?!

Nord Stream pipelines show evidence of damage from explosives, Swedish team says

Both Swedish, Danish officials probing damage to pair of

Nord Stream pipelines in Baltic Sea

A leak from Nord Stream 2 is seen on Sept. 28, in this picture provided by the Swedish Coast Guard. Swedish investigators have now found traces of explosives at the Baltic Sea site where two natural pipelines were damaged. (Swedish Coast Guard/The Associated Press)

Investigators have found traces of explosives at the site of the damaged Nord Stream gas pipelines, confirming sabotage had taken place, a Swedish prosecutor said on Friday.

Swedish and Danish authorities are investigating four holes in the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines which link Russia and Germany via the Baltic Sea and have become a flashpoint in the Ukraine crisis as gas supplies in Europe run short.

Denmark last month said a preliminary investigation had shown that the leaks were caused by powerful explosions.

"Analysis that has now been carried out shows traces of explosives on several of the objects that were recovered," the Swedish Prosecution Authority said in a statement, adding that the findings establish the incident as "gross sabotage."

It said the continued probe would determine whether it would be possible to identify those responsible.

Cooperation with authorities in Sweden as well as in other countries was going very well, lead prosecutor Mats Ljungqvist said.

The prosecutor's office declined to give further comment, including on which explosives were believed to have been used to damage the pipelines.

Russia will wait until a full damage assessment is done before deciding on repairs, if any, Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said on Friday.

"The very fact that data has already begun to come in, in favour of confirming a subversive act or a terrorist act... once again confirms the information that the Russian side has," Peskov told his daily call with reporters.

"It is very important not to stop, it is very important to find the one behind this explosion."

Neither Gazprom, nor the Nord Stream 1 and 2 replied to Reuters requests for comment.

Section reported missing

Seismologists in Denmark and Sweden previously said they had registered tremors in the immediate vicinity of the leaks and that the signals did not resemble those from earthquakes.

Danish police declined to comment on the Swedish findings.

The Sept. 26 ruptures of the seabed pipelines, spewing gas into the ocean that bubbled to the surface in the week that followed, triggered warnings of public hazard and fears of environmental damage.

A section measuring at least 50 metres is missing from Nord Stream 1, Swedish daily Expressen reported on Oct. 18 after filming what it said were the first publicly released images of the damage.

Russia's defence ministry last month said that British navy personnel blew up the pipelines, a claim that London said was false and designed to distract from Russian military failures in Ukraine.

COP27

Oil pollution: Investigation reveals Egypt’s 'super coral' at risk

  • Published
    Image caption,
    Red Sea coral have proved resilient against rising sea temperatures - but are threatened by oil industry pollution

    As Egypt hosts world leaders at COP27 to discuss action over climate change, an oil terminal is dumping toxic wastewater on the country's Red Sea coast, an investigation by BBC News Arabic has found. A rare form of coral, that offers hope for preserving ocean life as the planet warms, could be a casualty.

    Leaked documents obtained by the BBC and non-profit journalism group SourceMaterial reveal that "produced water" from Egypt's Ras Shukeir oil terminal is being dumped into the Red Sea every day.

    The barely treated wastewater - which is brought to the surface during oil and gas drilling - contains high levels of toxins, oil and grease.

    The documents, which were issued by the Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (Gupco) in 2019 to try to hire a company to treat the water, say the pollution levels "do not comply" with Egyptian environmental laws and regulations.

    Every day, 40,000 cubic metres of this toxic water - the equivalent of 16 Olympic-sized swimming pools - is going into the Red Sea, the documents say.

    Dr Greg Asner, an ecologist at Arizona State University, says the information is "very alarming", showing pollution from lead, cadmium, copper, nickel and other heavy metals. "You don't have to be an expert to know that something is not right here," he says.

    The leaked documents indicate Egypt's government has known about the wastewater problem since at least 2019, after British oil company BP sold its 50% stake in the plant to United Arab Emirates' firm, Dragon Oil. The other 50% is owned by Egypt's state oil company.

    The sale by BP was part of a decision to dispose of company assets worth $10bn (£8bn at the time), seen by many commentators as a plan to help it meet climate targets.

    Caroline Lucas, a UK MP for the Green Party, says: "It comes as no surprise that BP and others would rather sell on their dirtiest, most environmentally destructive assets, than clean them up themselves."

    BP told the BBC the sale of its share of Gupco was for financial reasons, not as part of any plan to meet climate targets. It referred questions about the wastewater to Gupco.

    Gupco and Egypt's environment ministry did not respond to the BBC's request for comment.

    Access to the facilities at Ras Shukeir is restricted to oil workers and government inspectors. However, the BBC was able to use satellite images to examine the extent of the water pollution.

    IMAGE SOURCE,GETTY IMAGES
    Image caption,
    Egypt is hosting the COP27 climate summit at its Sharm El-Sheikh resort, where tourists dive among the reefs

    Analysis of high-resolution satellite images shows a wide plume of green effluent flowing into the sea, travelling up to 20 km (12 miles) south into areas harbouring marine life.

    Satellite analysis company Soar.Earth used remote water quality monitoring techniques to examine the plume. The company's remote sensing expert, Sergio Volkmer, says it is "not made of some algal bloom" but from something beneath the surface, such as sediments or liquid emitted locally.

    That same green plume is visible in the earliest satellite image the BBC could find, from 1985, indicating that the oil terminal may have been dumping "produced water" into the Red Sea for decades. It still appears in the most recent image of the plant, from September 2022.

    Dr Asner, the Arizona State University ecologist, also examined the area using the Allen Coral Atlas, a high-resolution satellite tool that monitors coral reefs.

    He says while there are signs of a thriving ecosystem on either side of the impacted area, "suddenly you can see it's hard to see through the water" because of "something on the surface which looks like pollution".

    Dr Gera Troisi, a lecturer at Brunel University London who studies the effects of toxins on organisms, says compounds contained in "produced water" can react with sea water, absorb oxygen, and suffocate even the most resilient marine life.

    "We're suffocating them and then shielding them from the light because of all of these suspended solids," she says.

    The UN has warned that if global average temperatures rise by 1.5C, 90% of the world's coral will be wiped out. But despite sea temperatures rising faster in the Red Sea than the global average rate, the region's "super coral" has so far proved to be resilient to the effects of climate change.

    Some scientists believe Red Sea coral could hold the secret to saving coral around the world. One of them, oceanographer Sylvia Earle, says more research is needed to find out what makes this coral less vulnerable to rising temperatures.

    But she says it is of "enormous importance to the international community because of the possibility of transplanting corals from the Red Sea to rehabilitate the degraded reefs in other parts of the world, like the Great Barrier Reef".

    Despite covering only 0.1% of the oceans, coral reefs are home to 30% of marine biodiversity. In the Red Sea, they are a lifeline for endangered species such as hawksbill turtles, as well as supporting fishing, marine agriculture and tourism - which provide income for millions of Egyptians.

    Scientists, both in Egypt and internationally, have recommended the area where Gupco operates should be included in a new extended marine protection zone in the Red Sea, to cover the whole an area known as the Great Fringing Reef. Currently about 50% of the reef is in the zone.

    NGOs expected the extension to be announced by the environment ministry of Egypt at COP27. But so far no announcement has been made.

    Oil companies, Shell and Chevron, have carried out recent surveys for new oil and gas wells some 30 km away from protected parts of the Great Fringing Reef.

    The COP27 global climate summit in Egypt is seen as crucial if climate change is to be brought under control. More than 200 countries are attending the summit to discuss further measures to cut emissions and prepare for climate change, and it could lead to major changes to our everyday lives.

    Climate stripes visualisation courtesy of Prof Ed Hawkins and University of Reading.

    Homeschooled Edmonton sisters who started university at 12, 14 graduate from U of T with master's degrees

    The family believes Isabel — the middle of three daughters — is the youngest person in history to obtain a master's from the school.

    Article content

    It wasn’t a conscious decision, but at some point during their post-secondary careers, Sophia and Isabel Jewell stopped advertising the fact that — more often than not — they were the youngest people in the room.

    Advertisement 2

    Article content

    “It was just something that kind of evolved over time,” Sophia Jewell said from her family’s home in Edmonton, where she and her sister started courses at the University of Alberta at age 14 and 12, respectively

    “For us, it wasn’t a big deal,” she said of their relative youth. “But when we realized how much it affected how (others) viewed us, or affected how comfortable they were interacting with us, we just kind of naturally stopped sharing.”

    This month, the sisters completed another milestone, graduating from the University of Toronto with master’s in Slavic languages and literature. Sophia was 20 when she completed her coursework this fall, while Isabel was 17. The family believes Isabel — the middle of three daughters — is the youngest person in history to obtain a master’s from the school.

    Advertisement 3

    Article content

    The children of lawyers who met at U of A law school, Sophia and Isabel were homeschooled by their mother Mena. Both sisters’ educations were largely self-directed, and both took early interest in languages, particularly ones with connections to their family background.

    “I wanted to learn the languages of our ancestors,” Sophia said. “Our family just speaks English, but we have Polish, Ukrainian ancestry, and also Korean, Irish, and French.”

    When Sophia started taking classes in the U of A’s modern languages and cultural studies program in fall 2016, it was the first time she’d set foot in a formal classroom. Isabel joined her the following January, when she was just 12.

    Advertisement 4

    Article content

    The sisters, who took an identical course load through undergraduate and master’s, ended up specializing in Slavic languages. Their program focused on both literature and current events. Isabel’s most recent paper dealt with the defence of Snake Island, while Sophia’s dealt with patriotism during the battle of Kyiv.

    “Isabel often took a more direct approach studying current events, and, for example, the use of media,” Sophia said. “And I tended to do more towards the philosophy or theoretical aspects of it.”

    Mena Jewell said she sometimes gets calls from parents who want to know “the formula” for her daughters’ academic success.

    “That’s kind of erroneous,” she said. “They have to decide for themselves what they want. It’s not like ‘oh I have a formula for kids to go to university.’ Because that kind of defeats the entire purpose.”

    Advertisement 5

    Article content

    The family is Catholic, but faith wasn’t the primary reason for choosing to homeschool, Mena Jewell said.

    “This sounds kind of cheesy, but it’s basically about them being the best person that they were meant to be — not my vision of what a person should be,” she said. “We never pushed them to university and said ‘this is what you should do.’ We didn’t even know they would go at all.”

    She added that for what’s known as “traditional” homeschooling, parents have “100 per cent flexibility” in what they choose to teach. “You choose the outcomes yourself, and you measure it against your own outcomes … the level of freedom is kind of mind-boggling.”

    For now, Sophia and Isabel are taking a year off and planning their next steps, be they academic or career.

    “That’s something we’re definitely talking about together,” Sophia said. “Because, you know, going through everything at the same time, it’s kind of hard to imagine (a situation) where we would just take separate paths.”

    jwakefield@postmedia.com