Ottoman and Islamic Societies: Were They ‘Slave Societies

Ehud R. Toledano, “Ottoman and Islamic Societies: Were They ‘Slave Societies’?,”

in Noel Lenski and Catherine M. Cameron (eds.), What Is A Slave Society?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, 360-382

Ehud R. Toledano

History of Slavery
Abolition of Slavery
Slavery in the Muslim World
Comparative Slavery in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Slave Societies

https://www.academia.edu/4900070/Ehud_R._Toledano_
As_If_Silent_and_Absent_Bonds_of_Enslavement_in_the_Islamic_Middle_East_
New_Haven_CT_and_London_Yale_University_Press_2007

https://www.academia.edu/17548254/Ehud_R._Toledano_
The_Ottoman_Slave_Trade_and_Its_Suppression_1840-1890_
Princeton_Princeton_University_Press_1982_
selected_for_the_distinguished_backlist_of_Princeton_Legacy_Library
_and_republished_in_new_format_2014_

Michael Ferguson and Ehud R. Toledano, “Ottoman Slavery and Abolition in the Nineteenth-Century,” in David Eltis, Stanley L. Engerman, David Richardson, and Seymour Drescher (eds.), The Cambridge World History of Slavery, Vol. 4 (1804-present), Cambridge University Press, 2016, 197-225