A $15 minimum wage would barely hurt business and be life-changing for many workers

© Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images A group of BLM demonstrators protest the Federal Reserve Bank about $15 minimum wage in NYC to solidarity nationwide in Lower Manhattan at the financial district in New York, United States on July 20, 2020 Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

President Biden wants to raise the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour.

Some fear that would hurt businesses or employment, but it would likely have a minimal effect.

And for workers currently making less than $15 an hour, it would be life-changing.

The federal minimum wage hasn't changed since the last time President Joe Biden held office.

In 2009, the federal minimum wage was raised to $7.25 - where it remains today. Some individual states have raised their own minimums since then. But, as of 2019, 392,000 workers earned the federal minimum wage, and 1.2 million earned less, according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics report.

Now, President Joe Biden wants to more than double the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour, a move that has already seen some pushback. Some conservatives have argued that the raise could lead to job loss; in her confirmation hearing, Treasury Secretary nominee Janet Yellen said the move would have a "minimal, if anything" impact on jobs. 

But for Drew Board, who works in online grocery pickup at a Walmart in North Carolina, an increase in the minimum wage would have more than a minimal impact. At his current wage of $13.50 an hour - the highest-paying job he's been able to find - he's sometimes found himself having to ask for help to buy essentials like food. 

"Last year, my dog was due for her annual shots, and that was like a hundred and some dollars," Board told Insider. "So do I use my money to put that into savings, or pay off a couple of my student loans, or do I spend it on my dog?"

He's been involved with United for Respect, a labor activist group, for the past year. He said that he's been advocating for basic rights for all retail workers: "If everyone is created equal, everyone should have that equal chance to live." 
An increase to the minimum wage would have minimal impact (if any) on employment

Ben Zipperer, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), told Insider that there's a "theoretical horror story" of businesses hiring less - and thereby hurting the lowest-paid workers - when the minimum wage is increased. He said that those effects are smaller or even nonexistent in the real world.

"What happens is that yes, it is true that when you raise the minimum wage employers hire fewer low wage workers, that is correct," Zipperer said. "On the other hand, the factor that's really offsetting that is that, even though employers are hiring fewer workers, fewer workers are leaving their jobs." 

Those workers can stick around, become more experienced, and even potentially more productive. And low wage businesses will have to spend less time and money finding and training new workers - making the employment effects "much smaller." 

"Boosting the federal minimum wage would lift millions out of poverty and serve as a huge additional pandemic stimulus boost for the entire economy," Chuck Collins, the Director of the Program on Inequality and the Common Good at the Institute for Policy Studies, said in a statement to Insider. "We have seen how many frontline essential workers are poorly paid and most vulnerable. Boosting their pay is both morally right and economically smart."

Gallery: Every state raising its minimum wage in 2021 (Business Insider)

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1/25 SLIDES © Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

EVERY STATE RAISING ITS MINIMUM WAGE IN 2021

To kick off 2021, 20 states raised their minimum wages.
According to a report from the National Employment Law Project, a record-breaking number of jurisdictions are set to increase their minimum wages this year. 
President-elect Joe Biden's newly announced stimulus package calls for raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour.
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Some hourly workers will see larger paychecks in 2021. Twenty states already increased their minimum wages at the start of the year, and several more will see boosts in the coming months. 

Workers in New Mexico will get the largest bump. They'll receive an additional $1.50 an hour, with the state's hourly wage now cracking four digits. 

Overall, the movement to increase the minimum wage saw major gains in 2020, and the federal minimum wage could see a major boost in 2021: President-elect Joe Biden's new stimulus plan would boost the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour.

"Nobody working 40 hours a week should be living below the poverty line," Biden said in a speech Thursday.

As Insider's Joseph Zeballos-Roig noted in an analysis, raising the minimum wage has not consistently negatively impacted employment - and could put more money in the pockets of 27 million workers.

A 2019 Pew Research Center poll found that 67% of Americans support raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour; Insider polling from 2019 also found that 63% of respondents supported the increase. 

A record-breaking number of jurisdictions will increase their minimum wages in 2021, according to a report from the National Unemployment Law Project. Here's where workers are already getting paid more - and where they will soon.
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Read more: These maps show how the minimum wage has become another crack in the country's economic divide
Huge boost for workers - and the potential to bridge a racial wage inequities

Gloria Machuca has worked for McDonald's for 20 years. Until recently she worked at two different McDonald's, working 80 hours a week - she just left to try and sell perfumes to make ends meet. 

Machuca, who has six kids, makes $9.50 an hour. She said that it's not enough for her bills. She got involved with Fight for 15, a group advocating for a $15 minimum wage, five years ago.

For her, a $15 minimum wage would make a huge difference.

"It would change my life a lot," she said. "Right now, I work all day and I rarely spend time with my family, my kids." 

"The debate among elected leaders who have the responsibility to set the minimum wage is an important one that McDonald's looks to advance, not impede," McDonald's USA said in a statement to Insider.

"The company does not lobby against raising the minimum wage and believes any changes introduced should balance the needs of employees and small business owners - including the nearly 2,000 small business owners who own and operate more than 95% of McDonald's US restaurants. We look forward to engaging with elected leaders to provide our perspective on this conversation."

Zipperer said that women and workers of color are paid disproportionately low wages in the US. A minimum wage increase won't just increase family incomes and pull more workers out of poverty - it can also be an important step towards racial equity.

"In the late 1960s, there were a series of sizable minimum wage increases," Zipperer said. "Recent research has found that those minimum wage increases were responsible for about 20% of the fall in Black to white earnings gaps during that time period, so the minimum wage has played a very sizable role in reducing racial earnings inequality."

Read more: 7 charts that show the glaring gap between men's and women's salaries in the US
Biden has already made headway in raising the minimum wage

As Insider's Grace Dean reported, Biden is planning on signing an executive order that aims to boost all federal workers' wages to $15 an hour. He also plans on signing an additional executive order within his first 100 days that would make sure federal contractors pay $15 an hour (and provide paid emergency leave).

Still, the proposed wage increase may prove to be a sticking point for some conservatives. During Yellen's confirmation hearing, Republican Sen. Tim Scott of South Carolina questioned the $15 minimum wage proposal and its potential to negatively impact jobs.

"How do we grapple with parts of this package that really are philosophical in nature and denies the practical reality that comes from it?" he said.

Machuca asks that politicians opposed to the measure put themselves in the shoes of workers like her. 

She added she wants them to know "that we're all human beings, that we have our depths, that we have our bills to pay. It is not fair that we work so much and that we have to suffer this much."

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