Goldfish dumped in lakes grow to monstrous size, threatening ecosystems

Minnesota pet owners warned not to release fish into wild, where they wreak havoc on native species

As many as 200m goldfish are bred for the pet trade every year; too many of them end up dumped in lakes where they grow to a monstrous size. Photograph: City of Burnsville

Edward Helmore
Mon 12 Jul 2021 

Authorities in Minnesota have appealed to aquarium owners to stop releasing pet fish into waterways, after several huge goldfish were pulled from a local lake.

Officials in Burnsville, about 15 miles south of Minneapolis, said released goldfish can grow to several times their normal size and wreak havoc on indigenous species.

“Please don’t release your pet goldfish into ponds and lakes!” the city tweeted on Friday. “They grow bigger than you think and contribute to poor water quality by mucking up the bottom sediments and uprooting plants.”

Last November, officials in nearby Carver county removed as many as 50,000 goldfish from local waters. The county water management manager, Paul Moline, said goldfish “are an understudied species” with “a high potential to negatively impact the water quality of lakes”.

Like carp, goldfish can easily reproduce and survive through low levels of oxygen during the Minnesota winter.

“A few goldfish might seem to some like a harmless addition to the local water body – but they’re not,” the Minnesota department of natural resources advised.

Ecological destruction wrought by released aquarium pets is not new. Carnivorous lionfish, native to the Indo-Pacific but believed to have been released by Florida pet owners after Hurricane Andrew in 1982, have killed off dozens of Caribbean species, allowing seaweed to overtake the reefs.

Goldfish have received less attention than other invasive species, including Asian carp and zebra mussels, but warnings have been issued in Virginia and Washington state as well as Australia and Canada.

In 2013, Scientific American reported that researchers trawling Lake Tahoe netted a goldfish that was nearly 1.5ft long and weighed 4.2lb. The author of a report on California’s aquarium trade said: “Globally, the aquarium trade has contributed a third of the world’s worst aquatic and invasive species.”

Wildlife officials in Virginia warned recently that “pet owners should never release their aquatic organisms into the wild” after an angler caught a 16in goldfish.

The costs of rehabilitating waterways infested with goldfish is substantial. Carver county in Minnesota signed an $88,000 contract with a consulting firm to study how to eradicate shoals.

The Washington Post reported that in 2018 Washington state officials said they would spend $150,000 rehabilitating a lake near Spokane. In Alberta, Canada, an invasive-species expert called a goldfish problem “scary”.

It is estimated that as many as 200 million goldfish are bred each year, most ending up on domestic display.