Death by sadness, or the Taliban: LGBTQ Afghans in hiding
Issued on: 28/09/2021 -
'No future': Trans woman fears death under TalibanIssued on: 28/09/2021 -
Yahya, a gay, non-conforming person feared life would get worse "day by day" under the Taliban -
Kabul (AFP)
As the Taliban appeared on every corner of Kabul, Marwa and her friend -- both gay Afghans -- took the drastic decision to become husband and wife.
The hurried marriage was conducted with no ceremony or family around them.
"I was telling myself that the Taliban would come and kill me," the 24-year-old told AFP in an interview conducted over WhatsApp.
"I was afraid, I was crying all the time... so I asked my friend to prepare a marriage document," said Marwa, using a pseudonym for security reasons.
Many LGBTQ Afghans are haunted by the Taliban's brutally repressive reign from 1996 to 2001, when gay men were stoned to death or crushed by toppled walls as punishment.
The militants have not officially commented on the subject since they overran Kabul on August 15, but former senior judge Gul Rahim told Germany's Bild newspaper that the death penalty for gay people would return.
More broadly, the Taliban have made it resoundingly clear that they will apply their restrictive interpretation of Islamic law -- which is unequivocal on the rights of LGBTQ people.
Terrified for their lives, many young gay men and women have gone underground, erasing all traces of their former lives on social networks, according to NGOs and testimonies collected by AFP.
One gay man was raped and beaten by a group of men who lured him away on the pretence that he would be evacuated, according to LGBTQ rights activists cited by media reports.
"When the Taliban first came, we didn't come out of our homes for about two or three weeks and now we go outside wearing different clothes, trying to look plain," said Abdullah, who spoke to AFP in the western city of Herat.
"Before, we wore trousers and jeans, or T-shirts, and some gay men wore make-up," added the 21-year-old, who also used a pseudonym.
- Stay with our families -
Under successive US-backed governments over the past 20 years, only slight progress was made in LGBTQ rights, with the issue little understood in Afghanistan.
Even after the Taliban's 2001 ouster, gay sex was still a criminal offence that came with a prison sentence.
People were routinely subjected to discrimination, assault and rape, with little accountability.
Still, tiny pockets of acceptance began to bloom.
"They had a little freedom and some safe places in Kabul," said Artemis Akbary, a prominent Afghan LGBTQ rights activist who fled to Turkey several years ago.
"There was a cafe in Kabul where every Friday LGBT friends met each other and they danced."
Abdullah also described how support had begun to build in recent years, thanks to media coverage and access to information.
"This was motivation for all of us to remain in Afghanistan and strengthen the LGBT community here, and at least remain in our country with our own families," he said.
But as cities began to fall to the Taliban over the summer, some found ways to escape the country, including to Pakistan and Iran.
Since their August takeover, the Taliban have replaced the ministry of women's affairs with a department notorious for enforcing strict religious doctrine during their first rule two decades ago.
"For those still present in Kabul, it is clear that the reopening of the Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice is by far the most dangerous Sword of Damocles," said Arnaud Gauthier-Fawas, a spokesperson for Inter-LGBT France.
The ministry's enforcers were known in the 1990s for carrying whips and were responsible for strictly implementing hardline interpretations of Islam.
The Rainbow Railroad in Canada, a rights group that helps LGBTQ people escape state-sponsored violence, said it had been contacted by more than 700 Afghans since the start of the crisis.
"We have been getting direct reports of LGBTQ people targeted in violent attacks, some of which have been fatal," the group's executive director Kimahli Powell said.
"People are in hiding and in fear for their lives. There is great uncertainty about what comes next."
- 'Like a bird' -
Yahya, who identifies as gay and a non-conforming person, says he was beaten by a Taliban guard wielding a blue PVC pipe the first time they dared to venture outside after Kabul fell.
"It's not written on my face that I am this person. But he used a curse word and said, 'Don't you know how to walk like a man?'
"My eyes were full of tears but I could not say anything to him because he had a gun hanging on his other shoulder. So I said nothing, and I just got in a taxi and went."
Yahya, who was beaten by their brother after being outed by a relative eight years ago, told AFP in Kabul that life would get worse "day by day" under the Taliban.
After weeks of frantic contact with international organisations, Yahya was evacuated.
"I'm so very happy, I can't explain it," Yahya told AFP after leaving Afghanistan. "I feel like a bird who is freed from a cage and ready to fly."
AFP changed their name to protect their identity.
"They will be killed by isolation, starving, sadness, depression or stress, or they will be killed by the Taliban or their family," she said.
© 2021 AFP
Kabul (AFP)
As the Taliban appeared on every corner of Kabul, Marwa and her friend -- both gay Afghans -- took the drastic decision to become husband and wife.
The hurried marriage was conducted with no ceremony or family around them.
"I was telling myself that the Taliban would come and kill me," the 24-year-old told AFP in an interview conducted over WhatsApp.
"I was afraid, I was crying all the time... so I asked my friend to prepare a marriage document," said Marwa, using a pseudonym for security reasons.
Many LGBTQ Afghans are haunted by the Taliban's brutally repressive reign from 1996 to 2001, when gay men were stoned to death or crushed by toppled walls as punishment.
The militants have not officially commented on the subject since they overran Kabul on August 15, but former senior judge Gul Rahim told Germany's Bild newspaper that the death penalty for gay people would return.
More broadly, the Taliban have made it resoundingly clear that they will apply their restrictive interpretation of Islamic law -- which is unequivocal on the rights of LGBTQ people.
Terrified for their lives, many young gay men and women have gone underground, erasing all traces of their former lives on social networks, according to NGOs and testimonies collected by AFP.
One gay man was raped and beaten by a group of men who lured him away on the pretence that he would be evacuated, according to LGBTQ rights activists cited by media reports.
"When the Taliban first came, we didn't come out of our homes for about two or three weeks and now we go outside wearing different clothes, trying to look plain," said Abdullah, who spoke to AFP in the western city of Herat.
"Before, we wore trousers and jeans, or T-shirts, and some gay men wore make-up," added the 21-year-old, who also used a pseudonym.
- Stay with our families -
Under successive US-backed governments over the past 20 years, only slight progress was made in LGBTQ rights, with the issue little understood in Afghanistan.
Even after the Taliban's 2001 ouster, gay sex was still a criminal offence that came with a prison sentence.
People were routinely subjected to discrimination, assault and rape, with little accountability.
Still, tiny pockets of acceptance began to bloom.
"They had a little freedom and some safe places in Kabul," said Artemis Akbary, a prominent Afghan LGBTQ rights activist who fled to Turkey several years ago.
"There was a cafe in Kabul where every Friday LGBT friends met each other and they danced."
Abdullah also described how support had begun to build in recent years, thanks to media coverage and access to information.
"This was motivation for all of us to remain in Afghanistan and strengthen the LGBT community here, and at least remain in our country with our own families," he said.
But as cities began to fall to the Taliban over the summer, some found ways to escape the country, including to Pakistan and Iran.
Since their August takeover, the Taliban have replaced the ministry of women's affairs with a department notorious for enforcing strict religious doctrine during their first rule two decades ago.
"For those still present in Kabul, it is clear that the reopening of the Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice is by far the most dangerous Sword of Damocles," said Arnaud Gauthier-Fawas, a spokesperson for Inter-LGBT France.
The ministry's enforcers were known in the 1990s for carrying whips and were responsible for strictly implementing hardline interpretations of Islam.
The Rainbow Railroad in Canada, a rights group that helps LGBTQ people escape state-sponsored violence, said it had been contacted by more than 700 Afghans since the start of the crisis.
"We have been getting direct reports of LGBTQ people targeted in violent attacks, some of which have been fatal," the group's executive director Kimahli Powell said.
"People are in hiding and in fear for their lives. There is great uncertainty about what comes next."
- 'Like a bird' -
Yahya, who identifies as gay and a non-conforming person, says he was beaten by a Taliban guard wielding a blue PVC pipe the first time they dared to venture outside after Kabul fell.
"It's not written on my face that I am this person. But he used a curse word and said, 'Don't you know how to walk like a man?'
"My eyes were full of tears but I could not say anything to him because he had a gun hanging on his other shoulder. So I said nothing, and I just got in a taxi and went."
Yahya, who was beaten by their brother after being outed by a relative eight years ago, told AFP in Kabul that life would get worse "day by day" under the Taliban.
After weeks of frantic contact with international organisations, Yahya was evacuated.
"I'm so very happy, I can't explain it," Yahya told AFP after leaving Afghanistan. "I feel like a bird who is freed from a cage and ready to fly."
AFP changed their name to protect their identity.
"They will be killed by isolation, starving, sadness, depression or stress, or they will be killed by the Taliban or their family," she said.
© 2021 AFP
Issued on: 28/09/2021 -
Kabul (AFP)
As an Afghan transgender woman, Radwin has suffered brutal sexual violence on the streets and even rejection by her family.
But with the Taliban back in power, she fears she will be killed because of her identity -- and she is desperate to flee the country.
Trans people like Radwin have long been among the most marginalised in Afghanistan, where discrimination against the LGBTQ community is pervasive, and where being gay or transgender is widely seen as indecent and sinful
Even under the ousted US-backed government, gay sex was illegal while LGBTQ people were denied access to certain health services and fired from their jobs.
Some still found acceptance in tiny pockets of Afghan society, mainly among artists and intellectuals in Kabul and other cities.
However, under the Taliban, Radwin expects life for her and other transgender people is about to get much worse.
During the Taliban's last reign from 1996 to 2001, the militants routinely murdered gay men by stoning them to death or crushed them under falling walls.
"I can't live here in safety," Radwin told AFP, using a pseudonym to avoid retribution by the hardliners.
"Before the Taliban kill us, it's better to just leave," she added.
- 'People don't understand' -
"I can't leave the house at all... If I go outside I must cover myself up in a way that no one recognises me," Radwin said.
"God created me this way and it's natural, but people don't understand this."
Since coming out as transgender five years ago, Radwin has experienced several incidents of extreme sexual violence, including rape, at the hands of strangers.
She recounted one attack two years ago when three armed men on a motorbike kidnapped her and a friend while they walked down the street.
"They forced us to go with them. They had a pistol and knife," she said.
"One of my friends said, 'don't go', but they slashed a part of my arm," she said, rolling up her sleeve to show the scarring.
"They sedated us by forcing us to take drugs," she said. "And then they did whatever they wanted to do with us."
The injuries she suffered left her needing hospital treatment.
Police interviewed her and her friend, but nothing came of it.
Then, in the weeks leading up to the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in mid-August, a man struck Radwin on the head using a pistol, leaving a deep mark across her temple.
- 'There is no light' -
While she has long lived in near-constant terror, Radwin said she found acceptance among some friends and could be herself at some private gatherings.
"Before the Taliban came, whenever I would go to my friends' parties I would wear women's clothes and feel really good," she told AFP at a secure location in Afghanistan.
Radwin says she dreams of a life away from torment and oppression -- but fears that her hopes "will not come true".
"I would like to wear nice clothes of my own choice. I would like to do modelling, even teach dancing alongside that," she said.
"My greatest desire is to live peacefully somewhere else. I can't stay here and let my life go to waste, because the things I desire cannot be achieved here."
Asked if there was a community of transgender people in Afghanistan where she could find support, Radwin said: "There were others, but they left the country. There's no one here who would want to help."
She once tried to reach out to a charity in Europe, but did not get a reply.
"Every path I take is blocked, there is no place to go," she said. "I am tired of this."
The Taliban have said they will rule more moderately than they did in the 1990s.
But they have made it resoundingly clear that they will apply their restrictive interpretation of sharia -- which is unequivocal on the rights of LGBTQ people.
They have also replaced the ministry of women's affairs with a department notorious for enforcing strict religious doctrine during their first rule two decades ago.
They have slashed the rights of women and girls, which experts say can only be a sign of even more hardship to come for gay and trans people.
"I don't see a better future," Radwin said. "I see darkness, there is no light."
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