James Webb Space Telescope completes most complex step in deployment

An artist's illustration of the James Webb Space Telescope in space shows the large silver sunshield, which is now fully deployed. Image courtesy of NASA | License Photo

Jan. 4 (UPI) -- NASA and mission controllers for the James Webb Space Telescope completed the most complicated stage in deploying the $10 billion observatory Tuesday -- full extension of the large, five-layered sunshield.

The successful operation was "quite an achievement" that means the largest, most powerful space telescope in history is about two-thirds through its weeks-long deployment, Keith Parrish, Webb commissioning manager, said during a live broadcast.

"This is a significant milestone accomplished -- job well done sunshield team, job well done," Carl Starr, mission operations manager, said over a live feed from the mission control room.



Completion of the extension means NASA can move on to final steps, including the extension of radiators Tuesday evening and unfolding of the large, gold-coated main dish planned for Friday, Parrish said.


Ninety cables were wound up and 107 pins were removed robotically to extend the shield, which is necessary to keep the observatory's infrared instruments supercooled.

RELATEDJames Webb Space Telescope launches on million-mile journey

NASA has designed James Webb to surpass the Hubble Space Telescope with infrared vision that can peer 13.5 billion years into the universe's past -- seeing the light of the first stars and galaxies as they formed after the Big Bang.

The new observatory will also study other space objects such as nebulae, pulsars, supermassive black holes and the composition of atmospheres around exoplanets.

Webb telescope fully deploys sunshield in mission milestone


The tennis court size, kite-shaped apparatus acts like a parasol, ensuring the observatory is kept in the shade so that it is able to detect faint infrared signals from the far reaches of the Universe (AFP/Chris GUNN)

Issam AHMED
Tue, January 4, 2022, 

The James Webb Space Telescope fully deployed its tennis-court sized sunshield Tuesday, a critical milestone for the success of its mission to study every phase of cosmic history, NASA said.

"All five layers of the sunshield are fully tensioned," said an announcer at the observatory's control center in Baltimore, where team members cheered, a live feed showed.

The 70-foot (21 meter) long, kite-shaped apparatus acts like a parasol, ensuring Webb's instruments are kept in the shade so they can detect faint infrared signals from the far reaches of the Universe.


Each of the layers was unfolded one by one over two days. Working together they offer an SPF (sun protection factor) of about one million.

Because the telescope was too large to fit into a rocket's nose cone in its operational configuration, it had to be transported folded, origami style. Unfurling is a complex and challenging task, the most daunting such deployment NASA has ever attempted.

"This is the first time anyone has ever attempted to put a telescope this large into space," Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA's science mission directorate, said in a statement.

"The success of its most challenging deployment –- the sunshield –- is an incredible testament to the human ingenuity and engineering skill that will enable Webb to accomplish its science goals."

Hillary Stock, a sunshield deployment specialist for Northrop Grumman, told reporters on a call: "It was a wonderful moment. There was a lot of joy, a lot of relief."

The most powerful space telescope ever built and the successor to Hubble, Webb blasted off in an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana on December 25, and is now more than halfway to its orbital point, a million miles (1.5 million kilometers) from Earth.

Its infrared technology allows it to see the first stars and galaxies that formed 13.5 billion years ago, giving astronomers new insight into the earliest epoch of the Universe.

Visible and ultraviolet light emitted by the very first luminous objects has been stretched by the Universe's expansion, and arrives today in the form of infrared, which Webb is equipped to detect with unprecedented clarity.

Its mission also includes the study of distant planets to determine their origin, evolution, and habitability.

- Built to withstand meteoroids -

The sunshield will be permanently positioned between the telescope and the Sun, Earth and Moon, with the Sun-facing side built to withstand 230 degrees Fahrenheit (110 degrees Celsius).

Each successive layer is cooler than the one above it, allowing the telescope's sensitive instruments to operate at -380F.

It is made of lightweight material called Kapton, coated with treated silicon. It also has special "ripstop" seaming to limit damage from meteoroids.

Though Webb will reach its space destination, known as the second Lagrange point, in a matter of weeks, it still has around another five and a half months of setup to go.

Next steps include deploying its secondary and primary mirror wings, aligning the telescope's optics, and calibrating its science instruments.

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