Investigation examines fossil fuel industry influence at elite American universities
Fossil fuel companies fund academic research on climate change to protect their products; Many students are calling for their universities to cut ties with the fossil fuel industry
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAn investigation published by The BMJ today takes an in-depth look at how fossil fuel companies pour money into prestigious American universities.
Investigative journalist Paul Thacker examines how oil and gas companies have funded research to try to weaken messages on climate change, capture academia, and protect their interests, much like tobacco companies did half a century ago.
Today’s report is thought to be the first systematic examination of fossil fuel funding influence across multiple elite campuses.
As one example, Thacker reports how a paper published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) helped alter American energy policy and kicked off a fracking boom.
One Stanford University student told The BMJ that climate scientists at elite universities have normalised financial relationships with oil and gas companies, and many students are now calling for their universities to cut ties with the fossil fuel industry.
Thacker describes how, at the turn of the century, a fresh crop of research centres to confront global warming began popping up at prestigious American universities including Princeton, Stanford and MIT.
Ironically, he reports that the seeds for these academic centres were planted by fossil fuel companies, echoing a scheme by tobacco companies in the 1950s to counter research showing smoking was harmful by funding university-based scientists.
Indeed, some documents confirm that energy companies had similar goals in mind when they began throwing money at elite American universities.
A handful of years after these documents came to light, British Petroleum and Ford motor company donated a combined $20m to Princeton in 2000 to launch the first major programme at an American university to tackle climate change.
Princeton extended its partnership with ExxonMobil two years ago.
ExxonMobil declined to say how much money it had given Princeton, as did Princeton. However, a Princeton spokesperson told The BMJ that the university has authorised a process to dissociate itself from fossil fuel companies that engage in climate disinformation campaigns.
Meanwhile the movement on campuses against fossil fuel funding is growing.
In March last year, students at Stanford sent the university’s president a letter that highlighted the fossil fuel industry’s decades of deception on climate change and demanded that the university stop accepting research money from energy interests.
Hundreds of Stanford students, alumni, faculty, and staff released a separate open letter earlier this year calling on Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability - Stanford’s first new school in 70 years - to refuse fossil fuel funds.
Celina Scott-Buechler, a Stanford graduate student who signed the open letter, previously worked on climate change policy for a US senator and witnessed fossil fuel companies highlighting their funding of universities when asking congressional staff to change climate bills and water them down.
And Ben Franta, a Stanford student who is finalising his PhD on the history of climate disinformation, claims that professors began criticising him for raising problems and possibly threatening their funding. As this article was going to press, Oxford University announced that Franta was joining their faculty to establish the Climate Litigation Lab.
“We can look at other examples of industries that have funded research related to their products,” Franta told The BMJ. “Often the reasons are to obtain the trust of scientists, to paint themselves as part of the solution to the broader public, to keep an eye on what research is being done - even to influence what research gets done, what doesn't get done.”
Stanford did not answer questions sent to them by The BMJ and responded with a short statement that it is committed to unbiased research and that the dean of the Doerr School of Sustainability will partner with industry to tackle climate change.
Many of those calling for their universities to cut ties with the fossil fuel industry cite carbon capture technology research as a prime example of the problem as it permits the notion that fossil fuel consumption can continue unabated, because harmful greenhouse gases are sequestered and locked up underground.
Last November, Tufts University professor Neva Goodwin co-published an essay arguing that carbon capture is the latest ploy by the fossil fuel industry to delay action on climate change, while Stanford professor of engineering Mark Jacobson says: “There’s never, under any circumstances, any benefit of using carbon capture equipment.”
Oddly enough, Thacker reports that more than 40 years ago Exxon scientists found that while carbon capture may work technically, it fails economically as the energy required to capture and transport the carbon to underground storage is too expensive.
Yet when asked about its internal documents denigrating carbon capture, a ExxonMobil spokesperson told The BMJ that the company is focused on achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions with investments in carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, and biofuels.
“Young people don’t want to work in a lab that is funded by oil companies because these young people want to solve climate change,” says Franta. He expects universities to resist efforts to remove fossil fuel funding, but says those that do “are going to see their reputations decline. This is going to be an issue that is not going away.”
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JOURNAL
The BMJ
ARTICLE TITLE
Investigation: Stealing from the tobacco playbook, fossil fuel companies pour money into elite American universities
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
14-Sep-2022
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