Jason Walker, Associate Professor,
Graduate Studies, Leadership and People Management, University Canada West
The dark side of cop culture
Chan’s story hasn’t gone unnoticed yet it’s sadly not new. Law enforcement agencies across Canada have been plagued with allegations of bullying, harassing and sexually abusing their own members.
In January 2023 — four years after Chan’s suicide — a coroner’s inquest into her death delivered 12 recommendations highlighting severe systemic issues within the Vancouver Police Department.
The five-person jury noted that department leadership, human resources and the police board have failed to address the culture of bullying and harassment within the force, and recommended support systems to help members struggling with their mental health.
Jennifer Chan, left, the sister of late Vancouver Police Const. Nicole Chan, who died by suicide in 2019, leaves a coroner’s inquest, in Burnaby, B.C., in January 2023.
One recommendation called for “mandatory, rigorous, in-person and respectful” workplace training on a regular basis for officers of all ranks in the department. That’s already mandated by WorkSafe BC law and policy, although the legislation does not speak to the quality nor duration of training.
The jury also noted that members of the Vancouver Police Department’s human resources department weren’t qualified for their positions, and lacked training, certification and proper oversight.
Other recommendations included creating a protocol that would require admitting physicians to consult with friends, family, first responders and other professionals to assess suicide risk properly — something that should have already been happening since it’s a best practice standard.
The inquest jury performed well after hearing heart-wrenching testimony. Their recommendations reflect common sense, which is often sorely lacking not just at the Vancouver Police Department, but at other organizations.
The truth about cop culture
Loyalty and solidarity can be positive qualities — until they aren’t.
Cop culture is a phenomenon that encompasses the shared values, practices and beliefs held by members of law enforcement.
It can foster support among officers and camaraderie, but it also contributes to the unwritten live-or-die mentality of the “blue wall of silence” that results in cops protecting cops when misconduct occurs.
Respecting that blue wall can include subverting the law, turning a blind eye to major misconduct and ignoring blue-on-blue crime. It means the police have lost the ability to police themselves.
Read more: Alleged political interference in the N.S. mass shootings means the RCMP must be restructured
The blue wall of silence is a serious issue for police forces around the world. Officers tend to protect one another by failing to report misconduct, which perpetrates a lack of accountability, creating a toxic work environment and eroding public trust.
Take the recent inquest into the death of Myles Gray after he sustained a severe beating by the Vancouver Police Department in 2015. The inquest jurors deemed his death a homicide and six police officers were charged under the Police Act for failing to take notes of the incident.
Protesters hold banners with a photograph of Myles Gray, who died following a confrontation with several police officers in 2015, before the start of a coroner’s inquest into his death in Burnaby, B.C. on April 17, 2023.
In fact, even as the inquest into Chan’s death was proceeding, it was revealed that new allegations of misconduct by members of the Vancouver Police Department are being investigated by the Office of the Police Complaint Commissioner.
It’s alleged that as many as a dozen officers, including Supt. Tanya Whysker and Insp. Kelly Risebrough, obstructed the RCMP following a traffic incident involving a Vancouver Police Department member.
There’s now an ongoing criminal investigation into obstruction of justice — further underscoring that the department considers some of its members above the law.
Vancouver police chief Adam Palmer has responded to the allegations by saying: “We have to get the facts and find out what happened. Based on what I’ve heard, (I’m) not that concerned.”
In fact, Whysker has since been promoted to lead the department’s 2026 FIFA World Cup preparation, and Risebrough is representing the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police on a publicly funded trip to South Africa, Botswana and Turkey to look at how to build police trust with youth.
Failure of leadership
Chan’s ordeal was not an unknown secret in the Vancouver Police Department. Her colleagues, senior constables, sergeants, human resources staff and an inspector knew what was happening.
Not one of them did what was right. They did what was easy, which was to bend to cop culture, turn a blind eye and cover things up.
Read more: The 'blue wall' of silence allows bullying, sexual abuse and violence to infect police forces
Three months after the release of the coroner’s inquest recommendations, Palmer released a statement sending heartfelt condolences to Chan’s family and accepting the recommendations. He made no mention of holding his force accountable for events that contributed to her death.
Time and time again, law enforcement leadership has failed to address the systemic and profoundly ingrained culture of bullying and harassment within its ranks.
Studies show that 75 per cent of workers have reported being impacted by workplace violence in the form of bullying and harassment. In addition, approximately 80 per cent of women and 30 per cent of men have faced sexual harassment and abuse at work — and 72 per cent of the time, the perpetrator was someone in a position of authority.
Read more: Workplace bullying should be treated as a public health issue
The consequences of workplace bullying and harassment are profound. They can include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide among employees.
This is an urgent public health issue that requires actual intervention by lawmakers. Maybe Chan’s death — perhaps a “Nicole’s Law” — could help reshape the legal system’s response to preventable violence at work.
This article is republished from The Conversation, an independent nonprofit news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. The Conversation is trustworthy news from experts, from an independent nonprofit.
It was written by: Jason Walker, University Canada West.
Read more
The law often shields police officers from accountability – and reinforces policing that harms Black people, homeless people and the mentally ill
Brenda Lucki’s retirement will not fix the RCMP’s structural problems
THE CONVERSATION
Sun, May 7, 2023
A Vancouver police cruiser is seen on city streets. The Vancouver Police Department is under fire for the suicide of a police officer and other alleged misconduct that highlight the dangers of the 'blue wall of silence.'
Sun, May 7, 2023
A Vancouver police cruiser is seen on city streets. The Vancouver Police Department is under fire for the suicide of a police officer and other alleged misconduct that highlight the dangers of the 'blue wall of silence.'
In January 2019, Const. Nicole Chan — a 30-year-old, nine-year member of the Vancouver Police Department — took her own life hours after being discharged from Vancouver General Hospital amid a mental health crisis.
Chan said she had been subjected to a pattern of abuse by senior members of the Vancouver police force starting when she was being recruited to the department. Her story exposes how cop culture and the impenetrable “blue wall” turned their back on her during her time of need.
Chan’s history of mental health issues, a direct result of her treatment by the Vancouver Police Department, made her particularly vulnerable to the predatory behaviour of those in positions of power.
As is often the case, the perpetrators were the very people responsible for keeping all members of the public safe.
Chan said she had been subjected to a pattern of abuse by senior members of the Vancouver police force starting when she was being recruited to the department. Her story exposes how cop culture and the impenetrable “blue wall” turned their back on her during her time of need.
Chan’s history of mental health issues, a direct result of her treatment by the Vancouver Police Department, made her particularly vulnerable to the predatory behaviour of those in positions of power.
As is often the case, the perpetrators were the very people responsible for keeping all members of the public safe.
The dark side of cop culture
Chan’s story hasn’t gone unnoticed yet it’s sadly not new. Law enforcement agencies across Canada have been plagued with allegations of bullying, harassing and sexually abusing their own members.
In January 2023 — four years after Chan’s suicide — a coroner’s inquest into her death delivered 12 recommendations highlighting severe systemic issues within the Vancouver Police Department.
The five-person jury noted that department leadership, human resources and the police board have failed to address the culture of bullying and harassment within the force, and recommended support systems to help members struggling with their mental health.
Jennifer Chan, left, the sister of late Vancouver Police Const. Nicole Chan, who died by suicide in 2019, leaves a coroner’s inquest, in Burnaby, B.C., in January 2023.
One recommendation called for “mandatory, rigorous, in-person and respectful” workplace training on a regular basis for officers of all ranks in the department. That’s already mandated by WorkSafe BC law and policy, although the legislation does not speak to the quality nor duration of training.
The jury also noted that members of the Vancouver Police Department’s human resources department weren’t qualified for their positions, and lacked training, certification and proper oversight.
Other recommendations included creating a protocol that would require admitting physicians to consult with friends, family, first responders and other professionals to assess suicide risk properly — something that should have already been happening since it’s a best practice standard.
The inquest jury performed well after hearing heart-wrenching testimony. Their recommendations reflect common sense, which is often sorely lacking not just at the Vancouver Police Department, but at other organizations.
The truth about cop culture
Loyalty and solidarity can be positive qualities — until they aren’t.
Cop culture is a phenomenon that encompasses the shared values, practices and beliefs held by members of law enforcement.
It can foster support among officers and camaraderie, but it also contributes to the unwritten live-or-die mentality of the “blue wall of silence” that results in cops protecting cops when misconduct occurs.
Respecting that blue wall can include subverting the law, turning a blind eye to major misconduct and ignoring blue-on-blue crime. It means the police have lost the ability to police themselves.
Read more: Alleged political interference in the N.S. mass shootings means the RCMP must be restructured
The blue wall of silence is a serious issue for police forces around the world. Officers tend to protect one another by failing to report misconduct, which perpetrates a lack of accountability, creating a toxic work environment and eroding public trust.
Take the recent inquest into the death of Myles Gray after he sustained a severe beating by the Vancouver Police Department in 2015. The inquest jurors deemed his death a homicide and six police officers were charged under the Police Act for failing to take notes of the incident.
Protesters hold banners with a photograph of Myles Gray, who died following a confrontation with several police officers in 2015, before the start of a coroner’s inquest into his death in Burnaby, B.C. on April 17, 2023.
In fact, even as the inquest into Chan’s death was proceeding, it was revealed that new allegations of misconduct by members of the Vancouver Police Department are being investigated by the Office of the Police Complaint Commissioner.
It’s alleged that as many as a dozen officers, including Supt. Tanya Whysker and Insp. Kelly Risebrough, obstructed the RCMP following a traffic incident involving a Vancouver Police Department member.
There’s now an ongoing criminal investigation into obstruction of justice — further underscoring that the department considers some of its members above the law.
Vancouver police chief Adam Palmer has responded to the allegations by saying: “We have to get the facts and find out what happened. Based on what I’ve heard, (I’m) not that concerned.”
In fact, Whysker has since been promoted to lead the department’s 2026 FIFA World Cup preparation, and Risebrough is representing the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police on a publicly funded trip to South Africa, Botswana and Turkey to look at how to build police trust with youth.
Failure of leadership
Chan’s ordeal was not an unknown secret in the Vancouver Police Department. Her colleagues, senior constables, sergeants, human resources staff and an inspector knew what was happening.
Not one of them did what was right. They did what was easy, which was to bend to cop culture, turn a blind eye and cover things up.
Read more: The 'blue wall' of silence allows bullying, sexual abuse and violence to infect police forces
Three months after the release of the coroner’s inquest recommendations, Palmer released a statement sending heartfelt condolences to Chan’s family and accepting the recommendations. He made no mention of holding his force accountable for events that contributed to her death.
Time and time again, law enforcement leadership has failed to address the systemic and profoundly ingrained culture of bullying and harassment within its ranks.
Studies show that 75 per cent of workers have reported being impacted by workplace violence in the form of bullying and harassment. In addition, approximately 80 per cent of women and 30 per cent of men have faced sexual harassment and abuse at work — and 72 per cent of the time, the perpetrator was someone in a position of authority.
Read more: Workplace bullying should be treated as a public health issue
The consequences of workplace bullying and harassment are profound. They can include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide among employees.
This is an urgent public health issue that requires actual intervention by lawmakers. Maybe Chan’s death — perhaps a “Nicole’s Law” — could help reshape the legal system’s response to preventable violence at work.
This article is republished from The Conversation, an independent nonprofit news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. The Conversation is trustworthy news from experts, from an independent nonprofit.
It was written by: Jason Walker, University Canada West.
Read more
The law often shields police officers from accountability – and reinforces policing that harms Black people, homeless people and the mentally ill
Brenda Lucki’s retirement will not fix the RCMP’s structural problems
PHOTOS THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
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