JAMA NETWORK
Comparison of capture rates of the National Cancer Database across race and ethnicity
JAMA Network Open
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAbout The Study: In this study of individuals diagnosed with cancer in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), Hispanic and American Indian or Alaska Native individuals diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer were undercaptured in the NCDB, but their representation improved over time. Increased study is needed to determine where these populations predominantly seek cancer care.
Authors: Juan Javier-DesLoges, M.D., M.S., of the University of California, San Diego, is the corresponding author.
doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50237
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Low-carbohydrate diet macronutrient quality and weight change
JAMA Network Open
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAbout The Study: In this study using data from three large prospective cohort studies among 123,000 individuals, low-carbohydrate diets that emphasized high-quality proteins, fats and carbohydrates from whole grains and other healthy plant-based foods were significantly associated with slower weight gain in the long term. In contrast, low-carbohydrate diets emphasizing animal-sourced proteins and fats or refined carbohydrates were associated with faster weight gain.
Authors: Qi Sun, M.D., Sc.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49552)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Consistency and accuracy of AI for providing nutritional information
JAMA Network Open
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAbout The Study: The results of this study suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) can be a useful and convenient tool for people who want to know the energy and macronutrient information of their foods. Although AI chatbots cannot replace nutritionists, they may provide real-time analysis of foods, and the capacity to harness AI technology in a supportive role may fundamentally transform the way nutritionists communicate with patients.
Authors: Jung-Su Chang, Ph.D., of Taipei Medical University in Taipei, Taiwan, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50367)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
JOURNAL
JAMA Network Open
Benzodiazepine use during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage
JAMA Psychiatry
Peer-Reviewed PublicationAbout The Study: This nationwide case-time-control study revealed an increased risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after accounting for measurable confounders, and results were unlikely to be due to unmeasured confounding. These findings underscore the necessity for health care professionals to meticulously balance the risk-benefit ratio when considering the use of benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric and sleep disorders during pregnancy.
Authors: Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Ph.D., of National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4912)
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JOURNAL
JAMA Psychiatry
Risk of young-onset dementia could be reduced through targeting health and lifestyle factors - study
Researchers have identified a wide range of risk factors for young-onset dementia. The findings challenge the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition, laying the groundwork for new prevention strategies.
December 21 Peer reviewed /observational study / in people*
Researchers have identified a wide range of risk factors for young-onset dementia. The findings challenge the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition, laying the groundwork for new prevention strategies.
The largescale study identified 15 risk factors, which are similar to those for late-onset dementia. For the first time, they indicate that it may be possible to reduce the risk of young-onset dementia by targeting health and lifestyle factors.
Relatively little research has been done on young-onset dementia, though globally there are around 370,000 new cases of young-onset dementia each year.
Published in JAMA Neurology, the new research by the University of Exeter and Maastricht University followed more than 350,000 participants younger than 65 across the United Kingdom from the UK Biobank study. The team evaluated a broad array of risk factors ranging from genetic predispositions to lifestyle and environmental influences. The study revealed that lower formal education, lower socioeconomic status, genetic variation, lifestyle factors such as alcohol use disorder and social isolation, and health issues including vitamin D deficiency, depression, stroke, hearing impairment and heart disease significantly elevate risk of young-onset dementia
Professor David Llewellyn of the University of Exeter emphasized the importance of the findings: "This breakthrough study illustrates the crucial role of international collaboration and big data in advancing our understanding of dementia. There's still much to learn in our ongoing mission to prevent, identify, and treat dementia in all its forms in a more targeted way. This is the largest and most robust study of its kind ever conducted. Excitingly, for the first time it reveals that we may be able to take action to reduce risk of this debilitating condition, through targeting a range of different factors.
Dr Stevie Hendriks, Researcher at Maastricht University, said: “Young-onset dementia has a very serious impact, because the people affected usually still have a job, children, and a busy life. The cause is often assumed to be genetic, but for many people we don’t actually know exactly what the cause is. This is why we also wanted to investigate other risk factors in this study.”
Sebastian Köhler, Professor of Neuroepidemiology at Maastricht University, said: “We already knew from research on people who develop dementia at older age that there are a series of modifiable risk factors. In addition to physical factors, mental health also plays an important role, including avoiding chronic stress, loneliness and depression. The fact that this is also evident in young-onset dementia came as a surprise to me, and it may offer opportunities to reduce risk in this group too.”
The study's support was supported by Alzheimer’s Research UK, The Alan Turing Institute/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Alzheimer Nederland, Gieskes Strijbis Fonds, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), the National Health and Medical Research Council, the National Institute on Aging, and Alzheimer Netherlands.
Dr Janice Ranson, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Exeter, said: “Our research breaks new ground in identifying that the risk of young-onset dementia can be reduced. We think this could herald a new era in interventions to reduce new cases of this condition.”
Dr Leah Mursaleen, Head of Clinical Research at Alzheimer’s Research UK, which co-funded the study, said: “We’re witnessing a transformation in understanding of dementia risk and, potentially, how to reduce it on both an individual and societal level. In recent years, there’s been a growing consensus that dementia is linked to 12 specific modifiable risk factors such as smoking, blood pressure and hearing loss . It’s now accepted that up to four in 10 dementia cases worldwide are linked to these factors.
“This pioneering study shines important and much-needed light on factors that can influence the risk of young-onset dementia. This starts to fill in an important gap in our knowledge. It will be important to build on these findings in broader studies.’
The full study is entitled ‘Risk factors for young-onset dementia in the UK Biobank: A prospective population-based study’, published in JAMA Neurology.
ENDS
JOURNAL
JAMA Neurology
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Observational study
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
People
ARTICLE TITLE
Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
26-Dec-2023
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