From data to decisions: AI and IoT for earthquake prediction
KEAI COMMUNICATIONS CO., LTD.
IMAGE:
PROPOSED INTEGRATED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE WITH MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES USED FOR AI AND ML EARTHQUAKE MODEL PREDICTION.
view moreCREDIT: PWAVODI JOSHUA, ET AL
The study of earthquake remains a main interest worldwide as it is one of the least predictable natural disasters. In a new review published in the KeAi journal Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences, a tea, of researchers from France and Turkey explored the role of conventional tools like seismometers and GPS in understanding earthquakes and their aftermath.
“These tools have provided invaluable insights into various seismic parameters, such as ground deformation and displacement waves. However, they face several limitations, including the inability to predict earthquakes in real-time, challenges with temporal data resolution, and uneven spatial coverage,” explains Joshua Pwavodi, lead author of the review. “Despite their historical significance, these tools struggle to distinguish seismic signals from environmental noise.”
Nevertheless, the authors note that recent advancements in AI and IoT have significantly addressed some of these limitations. AI methodologies have proven instrumental in identifying intricate patterns and complex relationships within historical seismic data. By leveraging AI, unique insights into seismic patterns across diverse geological locations have been gained.
“Both classical and advanced machine learning techniques have contributed to the development of robust early warning systems and decentralized prediction models. IoT devices have also played a crucial role by enabling seamless data transmission for real-time monitoring,” adds Pwavodi.
The versatility of IoT devices enhances data accessibility and storage, creating a dynamic network for earthquake prediction. However, challenges such as computational complexity, data quality, and interpretability persist. A major limitation is the integration of primary hydrogeological measurements into AI model training. Monitoring hydrogeological data, including pore-fluid pressures and fluid flow, is often costly. Tools like the Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) provide in-situ measurements of these parameters, but data transmission is not always in real-time, unlike IoT systems.
“To address these challenges, we proposed a comprehensive approach that integrates diverse datasets, including seismic, GPS, meteorological, and IoT sensor data,” says Pwavodi. “By combining these datasets, researchers can develop more robust earthquake prediction models that account for various contributing factors.”
Specifically, the authors suggest integrating IoT devices with tools like Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) to enable real-time transmission of hydrogeological measurements influencing earthquakes. This real-time data, combined with other datasets, can be used to construct predictive AI models capable of providing real-time earthquake predictions.
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Contact the author: Pwavodi Joshua, Hwodye Technology, France, Email: pwavodi@hwodye.com
The publisher KeAi was established by Elsevier and China Science Publishing & Media Ltd to unfold quality research globally. In 2013, our focus shifted to open access publishing. We now proudly publish more than 100 world-class, open access, English language journals, spanning all scientific disciplines. Many of these are titles we publish in partnership with prestigious societies and academic institutions, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
JOURNAL
Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Systematic review
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
Not applicable
ARTICLE TITLE
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Prediction of Earthquakes: Review
Researchers propose new step in tectonic squeeze that turns seafloor into mountains
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
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THE OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE ROCAS VERDES BASIN, A BACK-ARC BASIN IN PATAGONIA, AS DESCRIBED BY RESEARCHERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN IN A STUDY PUBLISHED IN GEOLOGY. PANELS B AND C ILLUSTRATE THE BASIN-CLOSURE PROCESS, IN WHICH AN UNDERLYING PORTION OF THE OCEANIC CRUST IS THRUST INTO A MAGMA CHAMBER (B) AND BREAKS OFF AHEAD OF CONTINENTAL CRUST (C). THE LAST TWO PANELS (C AND D) SHOW THE OCEANIC PLATE AND CONTINENTAL PLATE COLLIDING TOGETHER – SQUEEZING THE BASIN TOGETHER INTO THE ANDES MOUNTAINS OF PATAGONIA THAT WE SEE TODAY.
view moreCREDIT: FERNANDO REY ET AL
Scientists use tiny minerals called zircons as geologic timekeepers. Often no bigger than a grain of sand, these crystals record chemical signatures of the geological environment where they formed. In a new study led by scientists at The University of Texas at Austin, researchers used them to describe what could be an overlooked step in a fundamental tectonic process that raises seafloors into mountains.
In a study published in the journal Geology, the researchers describe zircons from the Andes mountains of Patagonia. Although the zircons formed when tectonic plates were colliding, they have a chemical signature associated with when the plates were moving apart.
The researchers think that the unexpected signature could be explained by the mechanics of underlying tectonic plates that hasn’t yet been described in other models. This missing step involves a sort of geologic juicing in a magma chamber where zircons form before they reach the surface, with oceanic crust entering the chamber ahead of continental crust.
“If you put some oceanic basin below this magma, you have a change in the composition of this magma as it’s incorporated,” said the study’s lead author Fernando Rey, a doctoral student at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences. “This is something that was not documented before this study.”
This theory of oceanic magma mixing is important because it could represent a transitional step in the formation of back arc basins – an important geological structure that shapes landscapes, geologic records and helps regulate the planet’s climate.
These basins form between oceanic and continental tectonic plates, opening up as the plates move apart and closing as they come back together. While the opening of the basin creates oceanic crust, its closing squeezes the crust into mountains – bringing a geologic record of Earth history to the surface where humans can more easily access it, said coauthor Matt Malkowski, an assistant professor at the Jackson School’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. What’s more, the weathering of the ocean crust is a major driver of natural carbon dioxide storage.
“This is the Earth’s way of sequestering carbon. Very effective on its own, but it may take hundreds of thousands if not millions of years,” said Malkowski.
Malkowski collected the zircons examined in the study from rock and sediment samples at a field site in Patagonia. The samples captured the entire record of the back arc basin, called the Rocas Verdes Basin, from opening to closing.
When Rey started analyzing the chemical signatures of the zircons, nothing looked out of place at first. The zircons associated with an opening basin had the expected signature. However, when he started examining zircons associated with the closing of the basin, the signature didn’t undergo the expected chemical shift – known to scientists as a “pull down” because of the way data plotting the isotope ratios goes from steadily rising to falling down.
When that pull down signature didn’t show up until 200 million years later, appearing in zircons that formed 30 million years ago when the basin was already well into its closure phase, Rey and his collaborators hypothesized a scenario that could help explain the data.
In their paper, they propose a model where the same tectonic forces that squeeze the oceanic crust into mountains could be underthrusting parts of that crust and pushing it toward the magmatic chamber where the zircons are formed – influencing the chemical signatures recorded in the crystals during the early to middle stages of closure. As the continents continue to squeeze together, the oceanic crust is eventually replaced by continental crust, the source of the pulldown signal.
The researchers think this transitional phase where zircons are juiced by oceanic crust could be part of back arc basins around the world. But there’s a good reason why it hasn’t been observed before, said Rey. Most back arc basins close faster than Patagonia did – in a few million years rather than tens of millions of years – meaning a shorter window of time in which these zircons can form.
Now that scientists have discovered this zircon signal in Patagonia, they can start looking for signs of it in zircons from other places. Rey is currently analyzing zircons from the Sea of Japan – a modern back arc basin that’s in the early stages of closure – to see if there’s signs of oceanic crust influencing the zircon signature.
This research adds to a record of discovery about back arc basins at UT Austin, said Malkowski. Professor Ian Dalziel authored a well-known Nature paper in 1974 that first recognized the Andes of Patagonia as forming due to back arc basin closure.
“Here we are 50 years later, and we’re still learning new things about these rocks,” Malkowski said.
The research was funded by the National Science Foundation and UT Austin.
Fernando Rey, a doctoral candidate at The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences, posing with the Lower Zapata formation in the Torres del Paine National Park, Chile.
CREDIT
Jacqueline Epperson.
Jacqueline Epperson, a doctoral student at The University of Texas at Austin, posing close to a fault propagation fold in the outcrops of the Lower Zapata formation in the Torres del Paine National Park, Chile.
CREDIT
Fernando Rey
JOURNAL
Geology
ARTICLE TITLE
Detrital isotopic record of a retreating accretionary orogen: An example from the Patagonian Andes
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