Thursday, April 25, 2024

 A.I.

Balancing AI and physics: toward a learnable climate model



INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Physics and AI 

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A SCHEMATIC OF PHYSICS-AI BALANCED CLIMATE MODEL 

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CREDIT: YA WANG




Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing notable changes to atmospheric science, particularly with the introduction of large AI weather models like Pangu Weather and GraphCast. However, alongside these advancements, questions have arisen about the alignment of these models with fundamental physics principles.

Previous studies have demonstrated that Pangu-Weather can accurately replicate certain climate patterns like tropical Gill responses and extra-tropical teleconnections through qualitative analysis. However, quantitative investigations have revealed significant differences in wind components, such as divergent winds and ageostrophic winds, within current AI weather models. Despite these findings, there are still concerns that the importance of physics in climate science is sometimes overlooked.

"The qualitative assessment finds AI models could understand and learn spatial patterns in weather and climate data. On the other hand, the quantitative approach highlights a limitation: current AI models struggle to learn certain wind patterns and instead rely solely on total wind speed," Explains Professor Gang Huang from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. "This underscores the need for comprehensive dynamic diagnostics of AI models. Only through a holistic analysis can we augment our understanding and impose necessary physical constraints."

Researchers, including collaborators from the IAP, Seoul National University, and Tongji University, advocate for a collaborative approach between AI and physics in climate modeling, moving beyond the notion of an 'either-or' scenario.

Professor Gang Huang emphasizes, "While AI excels in capturing spatial relationships within weather and climate data, it struggles with nuanced physical components like divergent winds and ageostrophic winds. This underscores the necessity for rigorous dynamic diagnostics to enforce physical constraints."

Published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, their perspectives paper illustrates methods to impose both soft and hard physical constraints on AI models, ensuring consistency with known atmospheric dynamics.

Moreover, the team advocates for a transition from offline to online parameterization schemes to achieve global optimality in model weights, thereby fostering fully coupled physics-AI balanced climate models. Dr. Ya Wang envisions, "This integration enables iterative optimization, transforming our models into truly learnable systems."

Recognizing the importance of community collaboration, the researchers promote a culture of openness, comparability, and reproducibility (OCR). By embracing principles akin to those in the AI and computer science communities, they believe in cultivating a culture conducive to the development of a truly learnable climate model.

In summary, by synthesizing AI's spatial prowess with physics' foundational principles and fostering a collaborative community, researchers aim to realize a climate model that seamlessly blends AI and physics, representing a significant step forward in climate science.

Study unveils balance of AI and preserving humanity in health care



Cross country healthcare and FAU launch future of nursing survey


Reports and Proceedings

FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY

Nursing Survey - AI in Health Care 

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THE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED WITH 1,127 NURSING PROFESSIONALS AND STUDENTS AT HEALTH CARE AND HOSPITAL FACILITIES.

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CREDIT: ALEX DOLCE, FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY





Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCRN), a pioneering force in tech-driven workforce solutions and advisory services, in collaboration with Florida Atlantic University's Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, released its latest research findings in the fourth annual installment of the Future of Nursing Survey: “Embracing Technology While Preserving Humanity.” Drawing insights from more than 1,100 nursing professionals and students, the study illuminates the intricate interplay between cutting-edge health care technologies and the enduring essence of compassionate care.

Survey results reveal a nuanced perspective among nurses toward the integration of Artificial Intelligence, with more than half expressing reservations and 38% questioning its potential benefits for the nursing field. While a minority recognize AI's capacity to enhance efficiency, documentation, research, skill development and patient monitoring, concerns linger regarding its perceived lack of empathy, job displacement risks, data security, regulatory complexities, and the learning curve associated with new technology.

“As we navigate the future of nursing, our compass must be set on a dual course: embracing technology to propel us forward while steadfastly preserving the humanity at the core of our profession,” said John A. Martins, president and CEO of Cross Country. “This delicate balance is charting the course for the future of the health care industry.”

In addition to shedding light on nurses' mental well-being, with notable concerns about staffing shortages and burnout, the study uncovered several key insights:

  • Despite the potential of telehealth services, 74% of nurses have never utilized them, citing doubts about their efficacy in delivering comprehensive patient care.
  • A significant portion of both employed (29%) and student nurses (41%) contemplate retirement or transitioning out of the profession in the near future.
  • An overwhelming 96% of nurses advocate for increased pay rates and incentives to attract and retain nursing talent.

“We are at the forefront of training future nurses to embrace the many opportunities that technology offers to improve patient outcomes and streamline time consuming day-to-day administrative tasks,” said Safiya George, Ph.D., the Holli Rockwell Trubinsky Eminent Dean and Professor, FAU Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing. “As AI rapidly evolves in the delivery of health care, nothing will replace the human touch, empathy and compassion that is at the core of the nursing profession. Ultimately, current and future nurses will find a synergistic balance between technology, innovation, patient trust and the human connection.”    

Cross Country recommends four strategies for health care organizations to empower nurses in adopting AI:

1. Transparency: Ensure nurses understand AI's impact and benefits to their roles through transparent communication from leadership, building trust and reducing apprehension as well as case studies to show how the technology works to move the profession forward.

2. Training: Implement comprehensive training programs customized for nurses, demystifying AI and enhancing proficiency in AI-powered tools to foster confidence.

3. Communication: Customize communication strategies to resonate with different nurse personas, addressing their unique concerns and preferences to promote AI acceptance.

4. Feedback: Solicit and integrate nurses’ feedback into AI solutions, tailoring them to address specific challenges and improve the nursing experience.

“Ultimately, AI will not replace wisdom – intuition, empathy and experience. Nothing can replace the human experience,” said Martins. “However, AI has the potential to free time from routine tasks to help nursing practitioners focus more on their patients and health care outcomes.”

In 2021, FAU’s College of Nursing and College of Engineering and Computer Science launched two new combined programs in nursing and artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering. The innovative combined degree programs provide FAU bachelor’s in nursing (BSN) graduates with a leading edge in AI, which includes algorithms, pattern matching, deep learning and cognitive computing to learn how to understand complex data.

AI can be applied to almost every field of health care, including drug development, treatment decisions and patient care. Graduates of this FAU program can tackle complex problems that would otherwise be difficult or very time-intensive to address without AI. FAU BSN graduates who continue on to the master’s in science (MS) in the biomedical engineering program will use engineering principles to define and solve problems in biology, medicine, health care and other fields.   

“The future of nursing, augmented by AI, holds immense promise for driving positive change, elevating patient experiences, and broadening access to health care services,” said Martins. “While AI technology can offer efficiency gains to supplement staffing levels and reduce stressful working conditions, it is essential to the future success of health care that we acknowledge that skilled talent will remain indispensable to effective health care delivery and outcomes.”

Read the full results here: The Future of Nursing Whitepaper (crosscountry.com).

About the Survey: This national Cross Country Healthcare survey was conducted with 1,127 nursing professionals and students at health care and hospital facilities. The online survey was conducted between Jan. 18 and March 11, in partnership with FAU’s Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing.

The survey was conducted with 1,127 nursing professionals and students at health care and hospital facilities.

CREDIT

Alex Dolce, Florida Atlantic University

- FAU -

About Florida Atlantic University's Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing

FAU’s Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing is nationally and internationally known for its excellence and philosophy of caring science. In 2024, the College was ranked No. 4 for the Family Nurse Practitioner Master’s concentration nationwide by U.S. News and World Report, No. 17 for “Best Online Master’s in Nursing Administration and Financial Leadership Programs” and No. 32 for the “Best Online Master’s in Nursing Programs.” In 2023, FAU graduates on the Boca Raton campus earned an 81% pass rate on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®) and a 100% AGNP Certification Pass Rate. The baccalaureate, master’s and DNP programs at Florida Atlantic University’s Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing are accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. The College is the only one in the U.S. to have all degree programs endorsed by the American Holistic Nursing Credentialing Corporation.

 

About Florida Atlantic University:
Florida Atlantic University, established in 1961, officially opened its doors in 1964 as the fifth public university in Florida. Today, the University serves more than 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students across six campuses located along the southeast Florida coast. In recent years, the University has doubled its research expenditures and outpaced its peers in student achievement rates. Through the coexistence of access and excellence, FAU embodies an innovative model where traditional achievement gaps vanish. FAU is designated a Hispanic-serving institution, ranked as a top public university by U.S. News & World Report and a High Research Activity institution by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. For more information, visit www.fau.edu.

 

About Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. is a market-leading, tech-enabled workforce solutions and advisory firm with 38 years of industry experience and insight. We help clients tackle complex labor-related challenges and achieve high-quality outcomes while reducing complexity and improving visibility through data-driven insights. Diversity, equality, and inclusion are at the heart of the organization’s overall corporate social responsibility program. It is closely aligned with our core values to create a better future for its people, communities, and stockholders.

 

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