Breakthrough insights into strawberry senescence: Hormonal interplay key to extending shelf life of 'benihoppe' variety
Maximum Academic Press
A research team discovered that the rapid senescence of harvested strawberry 'Benihoppe' results from increased perishability, softening, water loss, increased soluble sugars within 2 d, and changes in hormone levels. They found that ABA, JA, and ethylene play crucial roles in the fruit's senescence, impacting biochemical metabolisms, anti-stress responses and softening processes. These findings offer comprehensive insights into strawberry preservation mechanisms, suggesting that optimal fruit quality is achieved at 2-4 days of storage. This research potentially leads to improved post-harvest handling techniques for extending strawberry shelf life.
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is globally valued for its nutritional benefits, ease of cultivation, and economic significance, particularly in China, where it dominates both production and consumption. Strawberry fruit must be picked when fully ripe on the plant, making it more susceptible to decay after harvesting. Thus, extensive research has explored various storage techniques and the roles of phytohormones like ABA, IAA, ethylene, and antioxidants in fruit senescence. However, the precise physiological and molecular mechanisms governing strawberry senescence remain incompletely understood.
A study (DOI: 10.48130/frures-0024-0011) published in Fruit Research on 06 May 2024, aims to elucidate these mechanisms and develop a comprehensive model for strawberry fruit senescence under ambient conditions.
In this study, researchers investigated the senescence mechanisms of the strawberry variety 'Benihoppe' through a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Morphological and physiological assessments revealed that over time, harvested strawberries exhibited increased decay index and water loss, and decreased firmness and brightness. Soluble sugar content initially increased during 0−2 d, then declined, while titratable acid (TAC) and soluble solids concentration (SSC) followed a similar pattern. Phytohormone analysis showed ABA levels continuously increased during storage, with other hormones like IAA, BR, GA3, MeJA, and ethylene displaying complex variations, highlighting ABA's significant role in senescence. RNA-seq identified 66,533 unigenes and 3,861 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. And the RNA-seq data highlighted on ABA with NCEDs and PYLs, auxin with IAAs and AUXs, ethylene with ACSs, EIN3 and ERFs, BR with BZRs, and JA with JMTs. Proteomic analysis identified 648 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) linked to hormone signal transduction, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and other critical pathways. Notably, the plant hormone signal transduction was highlighted on ABA with PYL, SnRK2, ABF; Eth with ETR, CTR1, EIN2; BR with BSK; GA with GID1; JA with JAR1, JAZ, suggesting an important role of ABA, JA and Eth in senescent metabolism. To understand important metabolic changes related to the senescence, they also investigated the contents of volatiles and amino acids in strawberry fruit. The results indicated that higher contents of nerolidalyl caproate and threonine might be characteristic signs of ripening and senescence. Overall, the research underscores ABA's pivotal role, alongside JA, BR, and ethylene, in regulating the senescence of harvested strawberries, contributing to rapid softening, decay, and aroma emission. This comprehensive model provides valuable insights into extending strawberry shelf life and informs future preservation strategies.
According to the study's lead researcher, Liusheng Duan, “These findings provided a comprehensive understanding that fruits aged 2-d are preferred while those at 4-d day are optimal, and the 6-d fruit are limited under given storage conditions.”
In summary, the research revealed that ABA plays a critical role in rapid perishability, softening, and water loss, coordinating with JA, BR, and ethylene at different stages. Transcriptome and proteome analyses highlighted key pathways involving ABA, auxin, ethylene, BR, and JA. Future strategies can focus on manipulating these hormonal pathways to extend strawberry shelf life, benefiting the global horticultural industry by ensuring longer-lasting, high-quality fruit.
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References
DOI
Original Source URL
https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-0024-0011
Funding information
This study was funded by the China National Science Foundation (Projects 32030100).
About Fruit Research
Fruit Research (e-ISSN 2769-4615) is an open access, online-only journal to publish original research articles, new methods, perspectives, and reviews on novel discoveries in all areas of fruit science. The journal will focus on publishing basic and translational research with a broad impact in fruit science.
Journal
Fruit Research
Method of Research
Experimental study
Subject of Research
Not applicable
Article Title
Insights into the senescent mechanisms of harvested strawberry fruit at the physiological, molecular and metabolic levels
Unveiling the genetic blueprint of photosynthesis in citrus: Study identifies key traits and genes to boost fruit production
Maximum Academic Press
A research team investigated 71 citrus accessions and varieties using over 56,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 37 leaf reflectance parameters to study photosynthesis-related traits. They identified four distinct clusters of interrelated traits and found 125 genomic loci and 189 genes associated with these traits. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic and physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis, potentially leading to improved breeding and orchard management for enhanced fruit production and tree health.
Photosynthetic carbon gain is crucial for plant performance in both natural and agricultural systems. Identifying genes mediating photosynthesis is vital for understanding carbon regulation in leaves and its allocation to flowers and fruits, impacting overall plant physiology and fruit production. Current research highlights the importance of chlorophyll content and fluorescence in measuring photosynthetic performance. However, understanding the interrelated of genetic influences and plant physiology on photosynthesis remains challenging.
A study (DOI: 10.48130/frures-0024-0013) published in Fruit Research on 23 May 2024, aims to link photosynthetic traits with genetic data in citrus to identify related loci and genes, thereby enhancing crop yield and efficiency.
In this study, a pairwise correlation analysis was conducted on 37 photosynthesis-related traits, revealing four distinct clusters of interrelated traits. Cluster 1 includes traits such as photochemical efficiency (FvP/FmP), leaf thickness, absorbance at various wavelengths, and SPAD readings. Cluster 2 includes electrochromic shift values and quantum yield of Photosystem II (Phi2). Cluster 3 encompasses traits related to red, blue, and green light captured by the PAR sensor and non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQt). Cluster 4 contains SPAD readings at shorter wavelengths and minimal fluorescence. The analysis showed correlations such as a negative correlation between SPAD 850 and Phi2, qL, and qP, and a significant positive correlation between NPQt and PhiNPQ. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on genomic and photosynthesis-related trait data from 71 citrus accessions distinguished four groups with some overlap. A genome-wide association study identified 125 genomic loci associated with 11 photosynthesis-related traits, revealing positive or negative correlations between trait clusters. Biological annotation of significant SNPs identified 189 genes, with some linked to processes like glycolysis and mitochondrial functions.
According to the study's lead researcher, Zhenyu Jia, “This intricate weave of genomic information and trait correlations beckons further research to decipher the complex puzzle of photosynthesis regulation and functionality, revealing the intricate interplay of genetics in shaping these essential traits.”
In summary, this study analyzed photosynthesis-related traits in 71 citrus accessions and varieties using over 56,000 SNPs and 37 leaf reflectance parameters. The findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and physiological factors in photosynthesis, facilitating the advancement of more resilient and productive fruit tree varieties through targeted breeding strategies and improved orchard management.
##
References
DOI
Original Source URL
https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-0024-0013
Funding information
This project was supported by the following grants: USDA NIFA FACT grant 2019-67022-29930 to Zhenyu Jia and Mikeal L Roose.
About Fruit Research
Fruit Research (e-ISSN 2769-4615) is an open access, online-only journal to publish original research articles, new methods, perspectives, and reviews on novel discoveries in all areas of fruit science. The journal will focus on publishing basic and translational research with a broad impact in fruit science.
A research team investigated 71 citrus accessions and varieties using over 56,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 37 leaf reflectance parameters to study photosynthesis-related traits. They identified four distinct clusters of interrelated traits and found 125 genomic loci and 189 genes associated with these traits. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic and physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis, potentially leading to improved breeding and orchard management for enhanced fruit production and tree health.
Photosynthetic carbon gain is crucial for plant performance in both natural and agricultural systems. Identifying genes mediating photosynthesis is vital for understanding carbon regulation in leaves and its allocation to flowers and fruits, impacting overall plant physiology and fruit production. Current research highlights the importance of chlorophyll content and fluorescence in measuring photosynthetic performance. However, understanding the interrelated of genetic influences and plant physiology on photosynthesis remains challenging.
A study (DOI: 10.48130/frures-0024-0013) published in Fruit Research on 23 May 2024, aims to link photosynthetic traits with genetic data in citrus to identify related loci and genes, thereby enhancing crop yield and efficiency.
In this study, a pairwise correlation analysis was conducted on 37 photosynthesis-related traits, revealing four distinct clusters of interrelated traits. Cluster 1 includes traits such as photochemical efficiency (FvP/FmP), leaf thickness, absorbance at various wavelengths, and SPAD readings. Cluster 2 includes electrochromic shift values and quantum yield of Photosystem II (Phi2). Cluster 3 encompasses traits related to red, blue, and green light captured by the PAR sensor and non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQt). Cluster 4 contains SPAD readings at shorter wavelengths and minimal fluorescence. The analysis showed correlations such as a negative correlation between SPAD 850 and Phi2, qL, and qP, and a significant positive correlation between NPQt and PhiNPQ. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on genomic and photosynthesis-related trait data from 71 citrus accessions distinguished four groups with some overlap. A genome-wide association study identified 125 genomic loci associated with 11 photosynthesis-related traits, revealing positive or negative correlations between trait clusters. Biological annotation of significant SNPs identified 189 genes, with some linked to processes like glycolysis and mitochondrial functions.
According to the study's lead researcher, Zhenyu Jia, “This intricate weave of genomic information and trait correlations beckons further research to decipher the complex puzzle of photosynthesis regulation and functionality, revealing the intricate interplay of genetics in shaping these essential traits.”
In summary, this study analyzed photosynthesis-related traits in 71 citrus accessions and varieties using over 56,000 SNPs and 37 leaf reflectance parameters. The findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and physiological factors in photosynthesis, facilitating the advancement of more resilient and productive fruit tree varieties through targeted breeding strategies and improved orchard management.
##
References
DOI
Original Source URL
https://doi.org/10.48130/frures-0024-0013
Funding information
This project was supported by the following grants: USDA NIFA FACT grant 2019-67022-29930 to Zhenyu Jia and Mikeal L Roose.
About Fruit Research
Fruit Research (e-ISSN 2769-4615) is an open access, online-only journal to publish original research articles, new methods, perspectives, and reviews on novel discoveries in all areas of fruit science. The journal will focus on publishing basic and translational research with a broad impact in fruit science.
Journal
Fruit Research
Fruit Research
DOI
Method of Research
Experimental study
Experimental study
Subject of Research
Not applicable
Not applicable
Article Title
Revealing genetic determinants of photosynthesis-related traits in citrus via genome-wide association studies
Revealing genetic determinants of photosynthesis-related traits in citrus via genome-wide association studies
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