UK

Peer demands ban on sale of ancestral remains after auction lists shrunken heads and skulls

Nadine White
Wed 9 October 2024

Swan Fine Art‘s listing prompted an outcry with Lord Paul Boateng now calling for a change of law (Des Blenkinsopp/CC 2.0/PA)


A peer has called for a change in law amid an outcry over the “grossly disrepectful” auction listing of human and ancestral remains, including shrunken heads and skulls, from across the world.

Skulls from the Ekoi people of West Africa, shrunken heads from the Jivaro people of South America and a horned human skull from the Naga people of India and Myanmar were among more than 20 items listed for sale by Swan Fine Art in Tetsworth, Oxfordshire.

But after condemnation from groups, including the Forum for Naga Reconcilation (FNR) which called it an act of dehumanisation and cononial violence, the auction house removed the items from sale.


Lord Paul Boateng, who is also honorary president of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Africa, told The Independent that the initially proposed sale was “outrageous and grossly disrespectful”.

The collection, named The Curious Collector Sale, included the 19th-century horned human skull from the Naga, listed with a price of up to £4,000.

Lord Boateng wants a change of law over the sale of human and ancestral remains (PA Archive)

“The commoditisation and objectifying of people of colour even in death are simply unacceptable in the 21st Century,” said Lord Boateng, who became Britain’s first Black cabinet minister under Labour in 2002.

Stating that laws should be introduced to tackle this issue, Lord Boateng added: “If the industry won’t address this issue by strengthening their guidelines it will be necessary to legislate to bring an end to such sales.

“If we legislate to prevent the sale of dead coral, we should legislate to prevent the sale of dead Africans and indigenous peoples. All humanity is sacred and should never be treated as a collectable curiosity.”

FNR, a group of church leaders and civil society members in the northeast Indian state, also criticised the “dehumanising practice” of selling indigenous ancestral remains as items for “curious collectors”.

Nagaland’s chief minister also urged the Indian government to intervene.

“The auction highlights the impunity that descendants of European colonisers enjoy as they perpetuate a racist, colonial and violent depiction of Naga people,” the FNR said in a statement.

Jabeer Butt, chief executive of the Race Equality Foundation, told The Independent that the remains should be repatriated.

“The obscenity of the continuing sale of human remains is shocking in itself, but when this is overlaid with colonial exploitation, this potential sale is particularly distressing,” he said.

“The resolution to this should be to return these items to their countries of origin”.

This is not the first time that UK auctioneers have sold human remains from ancient communities from around the globe.

Earlier this year, The Independent revealed that Semley Auctioneers, based in Dorset, was advertising Ancient Egyptian people’s skulls for an estimate of up to £300 in a move described as unethical and “sickening” by academics and campaigners.

At the time, Labour MP Bell Ribeiro-Addy described the sale of the remains as “sickening” and a “perpetuation of a dark legacy of colonialism”.

“It is a gross violation of human dignity and an affront to the memory of those whose lives were unjustly taken, or whose final resting places were desecrated,” she said.

Laura Van Broekhoven, director of the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, wrote on X/Twitter that it was “outrageous to auction ancestral and human remains”.

“Completely unethical. Human remains from Naga, Shuar, Dayak, Solomon Islands and also Nigeria, Congo, Benin, PNG, … Please Stop this Auction,” she wrote.

The museum currently possesses 214 pieces of Naga ancestral remains, according to a member of its Recover, Restore and Decolonise team, and the institution is considering items for repatriation which “may take anywhere between eight to 15 years”.

In 2020, the Pitt Rivers Museum removed its collection of human remains as a part of a “decolonisation process” after 80 years of displaying them.

The Independent has contacted the Swan Fine Art and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport for comment.


British skull auction sparks Indian demand for return

Arunabh SAIKIA
Wed 9 October 2024 at 3:51 am GMT-6·3-min read


Elders in India's Nagaland state seen in 2023. The listing at auction of a 19th century skull from Nagaland sparked anger (Arun SANKAR) (Arun SANKAR/AFP/AFP)


Furious Indian politicians, activists and academics have demanded a 200-year-old skull listed for auction in former colonial ruler Britain, alongside at least 25 other remains, to be returned home.

Activists say the 19th century remains of their ancestor represent the colonial violence meted out to India's Nagaland state.

While the skulls were withdrawn from sale late Tuesday after an outcry, Nagaland state's chief minister has called for its return.

"The human remains of any deceased person belongs to those people and their land," Nagaland Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio wrote in a public letter.

Besides the Indian skull, other remains listed were from Africa, elsewhere in Asia, and South America.

The private British auction house, Swan Fine Art, near Oxford, had hoped to sell them for around $180,000.

The Naga skull, attached to animal horns, had been offered with a starting bid of 2,100 pounds ($2,746) before its withdrawal.

There was no immediate response from the auctioneers.

Dolly Kikon, a Naga anthropologist, said the sale of any such item was unacceptable.

"Auctioning Indigenous human remains in the 21st century shows how descendants of colonisers enjoy impunity to perpetuate racism and colonial violence on communities," Kikon told AFP Wednesday.

"If we have laws to stop the traffic of animals and birds, why don't governments stop the auction of Indigenous human remains that were stolen from the people?" she added.

Kikon, a professor at the University of California Santa Cruz, is also a member of Recover Restore and Decolonise (RRaD), which works to repatriate the Naga community's ancestral remains from museums abroad.

"The Naga people believe they (the auctioneers) will do the right thing and return our ancestral remains," she said.

- 'Symbolise the violence' -

The items, listed alongside antiquarian books and taxidermy animals, have come from private European collections, including from Belgium, Britain, Germany and France.

They include an early 18th-century "shrunken head" of the Jivaro people -- from Ecuador and Peru -- that had been owned by Hugh Hefner and displayed in his Playboy Mansion, the auction house said.

Together with another Jivaro head, they were expected to sell for as much as 50,000 pounds ($65,400).

Laura Van Broekhoven, director of Oxford's Pitt Rivers Museum -- home to the largest Naga collection in the world -- said the sale of such items was "completely unethical".

Wati Aier, a Baptist priest and leader of the Forum for Naga Reconciliation peace group, appealed to London to return all the skulls to their ancestral lands.

"Throughout the period of British rule, the Naga people were defined as 'savages' and 'headhunters', which are insulting tropes that continue to be perpetuated today," he said.

"These human remains symbolise the violence that the British colonial power unleashed on the Nagas."

Other skulls listed in the Swan Fine Art auction were from Papua New Guinea, Borneo, and Solomon Islands. Ones from Africa orginated from Benin, Congo-Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria.

The two skulls from Congo were balanced on top of each other, which the auctioneers said were "purported to be mother and son".

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