Sunday, April 11, 2021

Albertans express growing frustration over a perceived lack of enforcement of COVID-19 rules
IT STARTS WITH KENNEY'S REFUSAL 
TO LOCK DOWN THE PROVINCE

Dylan Short 
EDMOPNTON JOURNAL
4/10/2021

© David Bloom The RCMP watch as parishioners arrive for Easter Sunday Service at GraceLife Church, in Edmonton Sunday April 4, 2021. The church continues to defy COVID-19 public health orders and restrictions.

Albertans are voicing frustration at neighbours and businesses who are blatantly breaking public health restrictions with little to no consequences a year into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alberta has been navigating the global pandemic with various levels of public health restrictions with a variety of businesses opening and closing over the past 13 months. People have been dealing with rules around gatherings, eating at restaurants and where they need to wear masks among other things.

Glori Meldrum, who lives in Edmonton, said she has neighbours who have held several large gatherings over the past few weeks with close to a dozen vehicles parking outside each time despite current rules prohibiting all indoor gatherings. She said she has filed complaints but has yet to see anyone enforce the government-mandated regulations.

Several other Albertans have gone to social media to raise concerns over similar situations where neighbours have openly defied orders.

“It’s frustrating. I mean, I’m not gonna say that it’s not,” said Meldrum. “I couldn’t believe it when it was in my own backyard, and nobody would do anything.”

She said she initially called police to file a complaint but was told it was a provincial issue, so she reached out to Alberta Health Services and eventually filled out an online submission. She said it is frustrating to see gathering limits and wearing masks turn into divisive issues that people won’t comply with while she has friends waiting for surgeries that were postponed due to the pandemic.

“There are rules that need to be followed and the government can’t expect us to follow them if there are no consequences,” said Meldrum.

Provincial chief medical officer of health Dr. Deena Hinshaw has said several times that public health orders are enforced by local law enforcement or public health inspectors. Police have the authority to issue fines, but Alberta RCMP have previously said only health inspectors have the authority to close a business.

AHS spokesman Kerry Williamson said the health agency is aware that there are some Albertans openly defying health restrictions but that the majority of people follow them closely.

“Our public health inspectors and teams have been working hard for more than a year now to educate and, when appropriate, enforce compliance,” said Williamson. “The demands on our teams have grown significantly since the beginning of the pandemic.”

Willimason said he understands restrictions are difficult at times and COVID-19 fatigue has set in for many, but he implored Albertans to continue to follow the rules.

Meldrum said a year into the pandemic, the educational approach hasn’t worked, pointing to positive cases beginning to rise in recent weeks.

AHS Tom McMillan said people who violate health restrictions could receive a $1,000 fine.

“Additionally, you can be prosecuted for up to $100,000 for a first offence, and additional measures, including closures, can occur,” said McMillan.

The AHS website shows there are seven active work orders against various businesses in the Edmonton Zone and one active closure order.

This past week, AHS enforced that closure order at GraceLife Church in Parkland County by erecting layers of fencing around the building, physically closing the church after the order was issued in January. The church’s congregation was observed on multiple occasions gathering in large groups without wearing masks or physically distancing from one another.

Meldrum said it was good to see the rules being enforced against the church that openly questioned public health measures but said she’s concerned that it took months for the enforcement. She said she believes a previous lack of enforcement at the church emboldened others to break the rules.

“You need to need to enforce it and they didn’t do that. They just let them go and let them go … that’s just not OK,” said Meldrum. “But when they did it, I was so proud.”







COVID-19: Rural Alberta restaurant defies public health orders

Sarah Komadina 
GLOBAL NEWS
4/10/2021

One day after the Alberta government prohibited dine-in service at all restaurants, Christopher Scott, owner of the Whistle Stop Café, isn't listening.
© Global News A lineup for food outside of the Whistle Stop Cafe, where people aren't following public health orders.

More than 200 people went to Mirror, Alta., located about 150 kilometres south of Edmonton, on Saturday, with some travelling from Saskatchewan and Ontario, but everyone ignoring provincial health restrictions.

"We have live music, which has been deemed against the rule. We have dine-in service, which is against the rules, we have people congregating and visiting, which is against the rules, and I don't think I've seen one masked person here, which is against the rules," Scott said.

"We started planning this the day of the announcement."

Scott said he isn't surprised with the number of people who showed up.

"What this is about is people being limited in making their own choices," Scott said.

Alberta Health Services did an inspection on Friday when the restrictions for dine-in services came into effect.

AHS told Global News that staff visited the Whistle Stop Café on Friday “in response to public claims by the operator that they would not be complying with COVID-19 restrictions.”

“As a result of non-compliance with (chief medical officer of health) orders, a closure order will be issued to cease dine-in services and further enforcement actions, including suspension of the operator’s food handling permit, will be pursued if the order is not complied with,” AHS said of its inspection of the Whistle Stop Café.

During an update Saturday, Premier Jason Kenney urged people to follow measures put in place.


"It would be tragic if a gathering would result in a superspreader event," Kenney said.

The premier said Alberta is on track to have 2,000 new infections a day and 1,000 people in hospital with COVID-19 by the end of April, and that the third wave is being driven by variants.

Scott said he has no plans to stop holding these types of gatherings in defiance of public health orders.

Edmonton pub defying COVID-19 restrictions, remains open

The owners of a north Edmonton pub said they are not going to close in-person dining despite new COVID-19 measures announced this week requiring them to do so.
© Charles Taylor, Global News Edmonton's Crown and Anchor Pub and Grill defies provincial COVID-19 measures by remaining open for in-person dining, Saturday, April 10, 2021.

Crown and Anchor Pub and Grill owners Theresa and Terry Shaw said they will stand by their values and remain open.

"We are doing this for amazing, dedicated staff and for our loyal customers who value our business and have made the choice to assess their own risk associated with in-person dining," the owners wrote in a statement.

"We will continue to uphold capacity and cleaning standards and cannot emphasize how much we understand the duty and care government and Alberta Health have to Alberta."

Effective noon Friday, Alberta restaurants must now close to indoor dining service. Takeout, delivery, curbside pickup and patios are still allowed to operate under additional public health restrictions announced Tuesday by Premier Jason Kenney.

It is the third time since last March that Alberta restaurants have been forced to close their doors.

The Shaws said they complied with the measures on the previous two occasions but, "That is over. We have done our part. It is time for the provincial government and Alberta Health to do their part."

"The benchmarks have moved so many times these past six months that trust and competence are significantly questionable," the statement read.

A number of other restaurants and pubs around Alberta have defied provincial restrictions and remained opened for in-person dining, including the Whistle Stop Café in Mirror, Alta., and All Jacked Up Bar and Grill in Didsbury, Alta.

"She's a pillar of this community and she's in financial ruin because of this law that we don't think is just," Didsbury resident Gavin Smith said. "They're masking. The rules are being followed."

After the restrictions were announced Tuesday, a spokesperson with Alberta Health said the measures were based on evidence in the province and around the world that show settings like fitness facilities and restaurants are at increased risk of disease transmission.

“Restaurants, as with similar settings where people congregate together, have a higher risk due to people sitting closely together, typically unmasked, for extended periods of time,” Tom McMillan said.

“We have also observed a number of recent cases and outbreaks linked to restaurants and fitness settings across the province.”

The premier said Alberta is on track to have 2,000 new infections a day and 1,000 people in hospital with COVID-19 by the end of April, and that the third wave is being driven by variants.


READ MORE: Alberta restaurants close to in-person dining as COVID-19 restrictions take effect







Mass adoption may take crypto toward centralization

With mass adoption comes the risk that cryptocurrency may lose one of its core value propositions: decentralization.


OPINION

This is the year cryptocurrency finally starts to break into the mainstream. From Elon Musk and Tesla investing in and accepting Bitcoin (BTC) to the recent nonfungible token craze, the days of blockchain tech being the domain of cypherpunks and coders are behind us.

Still, the technology has not quite advanced to the stage where the average person will feel comfortable using it. And the longer the usability of cryptocurrency takes to reach the level where it connects with nontechnical users, the higher the risk that centralized companies will take over the task of improving accessibility instead, harming the censorship resistance of this relatively new technology as it finally surges into the mainstream consciousness.

Let’s look at the state of the crypto usability landscape as it stands today.
Bitcoin’s “Lightning-or-bust” approach faces hurdles

When Bitcoin chose to reject on-chain scaling via big blocks, it essentially placed all its hopes and dreams of being usable as an everyday currency on second-layer scaling solutions, foremost among them being the Lightning Network. While functional today, the Lightning Network nonetheless introduces a whole new host of complexities, including liquidity balancing, opening and closing channels, routing payment paths, maintaining connectivity at all times in order to receive funds and so on. And perhaps most challenging to new users, moving funds off-chain onto the Lightning Network requires an on-chain transaction (as do various other Lightning Network functions), triggering those awful, long confirmation times and high transaction fees. All in all, this is a frustrating experience even for a savvy cryptocurrency user and an absolute non-starter for complete newbies.

Thankfully, tireless developers have deployed a new generation of Lightning Network wallets that significantly improve the user experience to a level where a nontechnical user may be comfortable using them. The second-generation Lightning Network wallets, such as Phoenix, achieve this by outsourcing some of the functionality of a regular Lightning Network node — including opening channels, managing liquidity, automatic backups and more — to the wallet provider.

Essentially, they resemble custodial wallets in almost every way except that they’re noncustodial. That is, the user maintains control over their own funds and the service provider can’t run off with (or deny access to) their money. Basically, two main objectives were prioritized: ease of use and user control over funds, and any and all necessary trade-offs were made in order to achieve this. And the results are pretty good: If you use a second-generation Lightning Network wallet, you can send and receive pretty easily without being exposed to the complicated inner workings of the network, and you still keep full control over your money at all times. You just have to trust the Lightning Service Provider, or LSP, for a lot more than if you were just using Bitcoin on-chain.

The challenge comes in the precedent and direction this sets for the ecosystem. This approach makes an increasing number of users reliant on a shrinking number of large LSPs to move their Bitcoin around with ease, resembling the legacy financial system where transaction processing coalesces around a small number of major payments companies.

Sure, many users would still be able to control their own funds and become protected from inflation and currency manipulation, but save for a hardy few technophiles running their own nodes, most people will be relying on centralized entities in order to transact.
Even “fast” competitors don’t seem like it from the user’s perspective

To be fair, not every cryptocurrency suffers from the complications of a congested main chain and a still-nascent second-layer solution. Plenty of chains, most notably the major Bitcoin forks and projects like Litecoin (LTC), have low on-chain fees and regular confirmation times. However, even this experience is insufficient for an end-user.

No matter what Bitcoin Cash (BCH) fans say, transactions are not, in fact, instant, and paying through many popular payment processors or depositing to exchanges will still necessitate waiting for several confirmations, which can take many from minutes to, sometimes, hours. The average user won’t understand why they have to wait, or why the waiting time is variable, or that the service should have been able to trust zero-confirmation transactions but chose not to. They will only understand that they had to wait, and will be frustrated as a result.

Of course, some coins, such as those based on proof-of-stake, can be considered secure after a single conformation, significantly cutting down on waiting times. Depending on the chain, this may or may not be sufficient to ensure a seamless user experience. Dash (DASH) transactions become permanent after a single confirmation (roughly 2.5 minutes) and can be considered highly secure in under two seconds, creating an experience rivaling or surpassing that of proof-of-stake coins despite being a proof-of-work network.

However, not all exchanges and services fully understand the underlying technology, and so this experience can be hit-or-miss. Still, other networks, like Nano (NANO), reach transaction finality in a matter of seconds. However, this may come with significant network reliability trade-offs. No one cares that they can get a payment instantly finalized if the entire network can become unreliable for days, even weeks, due to spam attacks.
Usernames are centralized, rudimentary, a mess or on a testnet

Even once the problem of fast, reliable transactions is solved, there still remains a major key to usability necessary for mass adoption: usernames. While QR code scanning can be simple enough, for web, remote and other situations, copying and pasting long cryptographic hashes is a non-starter. We need a simple, social way for people to pay, leveraging human-readable usernames and contact lists.

There are quite a few systems out today that accomplish this to a certain degree. However, most have significant trade-offs in either usability or trust, or both. Solutions like Ethereum Name Service simply resolve to a static address, which still often reveals said long, ugly address in the user interface, and creates some troubling privacy issues by exposing your entire transaction history to anyone who can simply paste your address into a block explorer. The Foundation for Interwallet Operability is similar, except with even more complexity due to wallet-specific domains and implementations.

Related: Crypto transactions must be easier. That's it. That's the headline

Another solution is provided by HandCash, a popular wallet for Bitcoin SV (BSV), which does not resolve to a static address and supports contact lists. The problem is that the solution is centralized: Users must rely on the company and its infrastructure entirely. A similar setup across the BSV ecosystem, Paymail, lets users easily resolve to a new address every time without relying on a single centralized system. However, just like with email, Paymail relies on whichever server hosts your domain, with the only option for censorship-resistance being hosting your own server. Also, there is no universal contact list system. Both of these more user-friendly solutions underscore the unfortunate direction toward centralization, as easy-to-use solutions are hard to make decentralized.

Once again, DASH is focused on providing the most elegant solution to the usability problem — building a decentralized application layer that, among other things, offers both usernames and contact lists on the protocol level in an intuitive, user-friendly, completely decentralized form. However, this years-in-the-making solution is still on testnet, and it remains to be seen if a wide public release will happen in time to impact the trend of mass adoption toward centralized services.
The danger that end-users will simply trust bank-like companies

Of course, the real risk isn’t that cryptocurrency ease-of-use solutions will struggle or fail to take hold. The greater risk is that fully custodial solutions will simply win out, returning us to the same old financial system we sought to escape from, only (allegedly) backed by crypto.

We’re already seeing examples of this, from incentivized blogging platform Publish0x encouraging withdrawals directly to centralized exchanges in order to avoid high Ethereum fees to United States fast food giant Chipotle giving away Bitcoin exclusively to exchange accounts. Then there are the forays into crypto that payment giants like PayPal and Visa have made. If we’re not careful, in the future we could be spending our cryptocurrency through the exact same companies and services we used for our fiat currency, still at the mercy of the same players we sought freedom from in the first place.

We’re at a crossroads: Create ease of use in a decentralized way or let mainstream adoption power the death of decentralization. The challenge is formidable, but the stakes are too high to simply concede. Is cryptocurrency up to the task?

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.
Joël Valenzuela is a veteran independent journalist and podcaster, living unbanked off of cryptocurrency since 2016. He previously worked for the Dash decentralized autonomous organization and now primarily writes and podcasts for the Digital Cash Network on the LBRY decentralized content platform.


Joël Valenzuela

Joël Valenzuela is a veteran independent journalist and podcaster, living unbanked off of cryptocurrency since 2016. He previously worked for the Dash decentralized autonomous organization and now primarily writes and podcasts for the Digital Cash Network on the LBRY decentralized content platform.

Filecoin Foundation donates $10M in FIL tokens to Internet Archive

The Internet Archive’s founder Brewster Kahle has joined the boards of advisors for the Filecoin Foundation and the Filecoin Foundation for the Decentralized Web.


NEWS


The Internet Archive, an American nonprofit behind major digital archive Wayback Machine, has received a $10 million cryptocurrency donation from the Filecoin Foundation.

IT IS MIRRORED IN CANADA SINCE TRUMP TOOK OVER THE USA
AS READERS WILL KNOW I REGULARLY POST FROM IT

Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Books, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine

According to a Friday announcement, the Filecoin Foundation has donated 50,000 Filecoin (FIL) tokens to the Internet Archive, worth more than $10 million at the time of writing. The grant is designed to help the Internet Archive increase access to its online library including books, data, web pages, music and software.

In addition to the donation, the Internet Archive’s founder Brewster Kahle and director of partnerships Wendy Hanamura have joined the boards of advisors for the Filecoin Foundation and the Filecoin Foundation for the Decentralized Web.

A digital librarian and a computer engineer, Kahle founded the Internet Archive back in 1996 with “bold efforts to record the entire Internet.” He expects that new technologies like Filecoin will help further transform digital libraries by making them more decentralized:

“Libraries have always used the technology of the day, whether it's cuneiform back in Sumerian Babylonian times, or papyrus paper, or microfilm. Today, the Internet Archive is built on hard drives. Our hope is that new technologies like Filecoin will revolutionize the storage market and decentralize it. We are thrilled to collaborate with an organization that shares a like-minded approach.”

The Internet Archive is an early cryptocurrency adopters. The nonprofit has been accepting donations in major cryptocurrency Bitcoin (BTC) since 2011. Since ts inception, the Internet Archive has received as much as 880 BTC on its publicly available Bitcoin address, with a total balance amountint to 4.5 BTC, or around $270,000 at the time of writing.


The Internet Archive now accepts donations in altcoins like Ether (ETH), XRP, Zcash (ZEC), and Bitcoin Cash (BCH) through publicly available addresses. The nonprofit also allows donations in a number of other altcoins like Dogecoin (DOGE) through cryptocurrency exchange Changelly .

The Filecoin Foundation’s donation to the Internet Archive comes amid Filecoin experiencing a massive price rally, with the FIL token breaking to the top 10 cryptos by market capitalization on April 1. After hitting its new all-time high of above $230 yesterday, FIL subsequently slipped below $190, according to data from CoinMarketCap. At publishing, the token is trading at $203, still up over 100% over the past seven days.

HELEN PARTZ
APR 02, 2021


Filecoin (FIL) becomes 9th largest crypto



The majority of the inflows come from Grayscale Investments, the largest investment fund in the world.

Major interests in FIL is a result of rising demand from China, the platform’s unique, and technical momentum.

Institutional investors are hoping FIL will do better than Snowflake, a platform with a similar setup.


Decentralized storage network Filecoin (FIL) has seen increased institutional demand, as the token is now in the top ten crypto rankings in terms of market cap.

FIL hit an all-time high of $220 on Thursday, but it has since contracted to $217. That’s still a huge gain, considering that the cryptocurrency has surged by 150% within the past week and by 42% within the past 24 hours.

Are you looking for fast-news, hot-tips and market analysis? Sign-up for the Invezz newsletter, today.

The majority of the inflows for the token were from Grayscale Investments, the largest investment fund in the world.
Big demands coming from China

Filecoin is a blockchain platform that allows its users to rent unused hard drive space and retrieve data.

Analyst have pointed out three factors that could have led to the huge demands for FIL in recent weeks: the uniqueness of the platform compared to Ethereum (ETH), rising demand from China, and technical momentum

With 63 million FIL tokens in circulation, as well as over a billion tokens to be remitted in the future, FIL’s market cap today is now worth a massive $543 billion. That’s about 0.12% of the global wealth, based on the world’s total wealth report by Swiss Bank Credit Suisse.
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Increased Institutional demand for Filecoin (FIL)

Institutional investors have preferred Grayscale over other options when it comes to investments in cryptocurrencies. The fund is not about to relinquish its number one position in the world yet, as it keeps attracting more investors.

Last month, Grayscale set up trusts for Decentraland (MANA)Chainlink (LINK), and Basic Attention Token (BAT) to expand its existing products.

Cryptocurrency asset manager, Bitwise, stated in a tweet that Filecoin has entered the Bitwise 10 Large Cap Crypto Index.

The platform works like Snowflake, which executed the largest ever software IPO last year.

Most of the hype about Filecoin is coming from the benefits derived from a similar platform Snowflake. Most investors believe Filecoin even has the potential of doing better in the coming months.

Written by: Ali Raza

April 2, 2021


$213 billion plan to save affordable housing

President Biden’s massive infrastructure proposal includes some of the most ambitious affordable housing measures in history.


President Joe Biden has just proposed one of the most significant investments in affordable housing in the nation’s history.

Inside the far-reaching $2.25 trillion infrastructure plan just announced by the Biden administration is $213 billion to support affordable housing. The plan’s overview calls for the funding to “produce, preserve, and retrofit more than 2 million affordable and sustainable places to live.”

That includes building or preserving more than 1 million housing units that check a laundry list of goals: affordable, resilient, accessible, energy-efficient, and electrified. The plan would also invest $40 billion to improve the infrastructure of the roughly 1.2 million units of public housing that currently exist.

The plan would invest 1% of GDP over the next eight years to achieve its broad goals, and, if passed along with the Biden administration’s proposed corporate tax increase, could be paid off in 15 years.

The proposed funding represents a critical and timely investment in a type of housing stock that’s been undersupplied for years, according to Priscilla Almodovar, CEO of the national affordable housing nonprofit Enterprise Community Partners. “This investment is a huge down payment on an incredible need,” she says. “This would be the largest new investment in affordable housing that we’ll likely see for a decade.”

Rather than solely offering direct federal funding, the plan will provide tax credits, competitive grants, and other forms of support to spur partnerships between local government, nonprofits, and private developers, and it will leverage the government’s money with the resources of the private sector. “We’re not building public government housing anymore. That’s an old way of thinking. Housing today is financed through a public-private partnership,” Almodovar says. “By investing in housing, this is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to bring more private dollars into infrastructure.

As one of the biggest housing nonprofits in the country, Enterprise sees this plan not only as a way to fill in some of that unmet demand for affordability. It will also be a massive source of jobs, according to Almodovar, who previously served as a managing director at JPMorgan Chase, leading the bank’s commercial real estate and community development businesses.

“Housing construction is the fastest way to create jobs for people. When you look back at the 2008 crash and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, it was the investment in housing that moved jobs into the economy fastest,” Almodovar says. “You could immediately have shovel-ready projects. We estimate that, the way housing is financed today, it supports nearly 100,000 new jobs every year.”

The proposed scale of the building is ambitious, especially when it has been so hard for so long to build affordable housing, even in communities that claim to want it. From local policies that hamper the size and effectiveness of proposed affordable housing projects to the not-in-my-backyard opposition of self-interested homeowners, it will take more than money to get communities on board.

The plan tries to address some of these nonfinancial barriers by also focusing on eliminating exclusionary zoning laws, the structural policies on minimum lot sizes, parking requirements, and preference for single-family homes that often prevent affordably priced development from being legally and economically feasible. The plan would create a new grant program that awards funding to communities that remove these barriers.

In addition to supporting traditionally renter-centric affordable housing, the plan also includes a proposed $20 billion worth of tax credits over the next five years to build or rehabilitate 500,000 homes geared toward low- and middle-income home buyers. By increasing the supply of more affordably priced homes, the plan aims to help more people build the wealth and equity that come along with homeownership. In line with the equity goals laid out in the Biden campaign’s housing platform, the plan would focus this and many other elements on underserved communities. After decades of discrimination and disinvestment in these communities, this will also be an uphill battle.

Housing aside, the plan includes similarly historic levels of investment in other areas of infrastructure, from transportation ($620 billion) to the manufacturing industry ($580 billion) to reconnecting urban neighborhoods that were cut in half by the construction of the interstate highway system ($20 billion).

For all its ambition, the plan is still just a plan. Though Democratic control of both the House and Senate give it a leg up, the likelihood that the plan will be approved as is with necessary Republican support is low. How the plan changes remains to be seen, but if it moves ahead, housing is sure to remain one of its major pillars.

“It’s a historic proposal,” Almodovar says. “As a country, we have to think big here. Housing is a fundamental part of communities, and this proposal acknowledges that.”



White House will seek law to require carbon-free power from U.S. utilities



The shift is part of an ambitious effort to address climate change in the United States by investing in green infrastructure

April 1 (Reuters) - The Biden administration said on Thursday it will seek to pass a law requiring utilities to source more power from renewable and other clean sources as part of an ambitious effort to address climate change through investing in infrastructure.

A so-called clean energy standard (CES) would help put the United States on a path to delivering on President Joe Biden's campaign promise to decarbonize the nation's electricity sector by 2035, and the whole economy by 2050.

Nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage technologies would be included in the policy, Gina McCarthy, White House national climate adviser, said during a briefing with reporters.

"We're interested in pursuing this and talking to Congress about it," McCarthy said. "The industry itself sees it as one of the most flexible and most effective tools."

McCarthy's remarks came a day after Biden unveiled a $2 trillion plan to reshape the world's largest economy and counter China's rise. Much of the proposal was aimed at mitigating climate change through investing in clean energy technologies that could create union-represented jobs.

The administration did not give details on how it would seek to structure a national clean energy standard.

Democrats in Congress last month introduced a bill that would require 80% of retail power sales to come from sources that produce little or no carbon emissions by 2030, rising to 100% by 2035. Some Republicans have said the legislation would raise energy prices and destabilize the grid.

The federal government has lagged many states in developing policies requiring clean power sources. Most U.S. states have already set such goals, though fewer than 10 have set goals to move entirely away from fossil fuels and none would achieve net-zero emissions by 2035.

Many of the nation's biggest utilities, responding to investor pressure or state-mandated targets, have already pledged to eliminate all of their carbon emissions by 2050, with a few promising earlier timelines.

But the industry has said that rapid advances in technologies like batteries, carbon capture and advanced nuclear will be critical to reaching those goals. (Reporting by Nichola Groom, David Shepardson and Trevor Hunnicutt; Editing by Marguerita Choy and Alistair Bell)
BACKGROUNDER
US asks Iran to be 'pragmatic' as optimism rises on nuclear talks

Issued on: 10/04/2021
The Vienna hotel where diplomats held talks over the Iran nuclear deal is seen in February 2016 JOE KLAMAR AFP/File


Washington (AFP)

The United States said Friday it offered "very serious" ideas on reviving the Iran nuclear accord but was waiting for Tehran to reciprocate as partner nations voiced optimism following talks in Vienna.

President Joe Biden's administration has opened indirect diplomacy with Iran in hopes of returning to the 2015 agreement, which his predecessor Donald Trump trashed as he launched a "maximum pressure" campaign in hopes of bringing Tehran to its knees.

"The United States team put forward a very serious idea and demonstrated a seriousness of purpose on coming back into compliance if Iran comes back into compliance," a US official told reporters as talks broke for the weekend.

But the official said the United States was waiting for its efforts to be "reciprocated" by Iran.

"We saw some signs of it but certainly not enough. There's still question marks about whether Iran has the willingness to... take the pragmatic approach that the United States has taken to come back into compliance with its obligations under the deal," he said.

Biden argues that the 2015 nuclear deal negotiated under former president Barack Obama had been successful, with UN inspectors saying Iran was meeting its promises to scale back nuclear work dramatically.

Iran has demanded that the United States first lift all sanctions imposed by Trump, which include a sweeping unilateral ban on its oil exports, before it falls back in line with obligations it suspended.

The "US —- which caused this crisis —- should return to full compliance first," Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif wrote on Twitter, adding that "Iran will reciprocate following rapid verification."

The head of Iran's delegation to the talks Abbas Araghchi stressed the need for "political will and seriousness from other parties".

"Otherwise, there will be no reason to continue negotiations," he said, according to a statement from the Iranian foreign ministry.

- Stumbling block over sanctions -


The US official indicated that the major stumbling block in the initial talks was not the order of compliance but rather which sanctions were under discussion as Iran is demanding an end to all US restrictions.

The deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, covers only nuclear sanctions and not US measures taken in response to human rights or other concerns, the official said.

"All sanctions that are inconsistent with the JCPOA and are inconsistent with the benefits that Iran expects from the JCPOA we are prepared to lift. That doesn't mean all of them because there are some that are legitimate sanctions," he said.

While Biden can lift sanctions, his diplomacy has already faced heated attacks from Trump's Republican Party, some of whose members have called in the past for attacking Iran.

Iran refused to meet directly with US negotiator Rob Malley during the talks led by the European Union, whose envoys shuttled between the two sides in different hotels.

Talks are set to resume Wednesday with Iran again meeting the other nations in the deal -- Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia as well as the European Union.

The EU diplomat leading the talks, Enrique Mora, said that the meetings had been "constructive and results oriented."

Moscow's ambassador to the UN in Vienna Mikhail Ulyanov also said that the participants "noted with satisfaction the initial progress made" and wanted to "maintain the positive momentum."

In another sign of easing tensions, Iran released a South Korean-flagged tanker that it had seized amid a dispute over billions of dollars in frozen oil funds, the foreign ministry in Seoul said.

Due to Trump's sanctions, South Korea had blocked $7 billion it owed Iran for past oil sales but it recently said it had resolved the dispute, subject to US approval.

US officials said they were not involved in the tanker's release and that the issue was not linked to the talks in Vienna.


Talks to discuss US return to Iran nuclear deal 'on right track', says Russia

Diplomatic efforts with America will be intensified when talks resume next week in Vienna

Updated: April 4, 2021 

World powers will resume talks on the Iran nuclear deal in Vienna this week with mediators set to hold "separate contacts" with the United States.

Diplomatic efforts around the US's potential return to the pact will intensify alongside Tuesday's talks in the Austrian capital, the European Union said, after initial online discussions on Friday.




Iran 'playing with fire' on nuclear deal

US sets 'compliance for compliance' rule

The talks between representatives of the EU, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China and Iran came as US President Joe Biden's administration looks to engage Tehran in negotiations over both sides resuming compliance with the deal.

Talks may be off to a difficult start. On Saturday, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh reiterated the regime's maximalist position, saying that Tehran was opposed to any gradual easing of sanctions.

"No step-by-step plan is being considered," Mr Khatibzadeh told Press TV. "The definitive policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the lifting of all US sanctions."

The aim of the talks in the Austrian capital is to reach an agreement within two months, according to a senior official with the EU, the co-ordinator of the negotiations.

US President Joe Biden’s predecessor Donald Trump withdrew from the deal in 2018 and reimposed sanctions. Iran has breached some of the pact's nuclear restrictions in retaliation.

An EU statement said that powers at Friday's meeting “recognised the prospect of a full return of the US" to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the formal name of the 2015 nuclear deal.

They also “underlined their readiness to positively address this in a joint effort” and “emphasised their commitment to preserve the JCPOA”.

“Participants agreed to resume this session of the Joint Commission in Vienna next week, in order to clearly identify sanctions lifting and nuclear implementation measures, including through convening meetings of the relevant expert groups,” it said.

“In this context, the co-ordinator will also intensify separate contacts in Vienna with all JCPOA participants and the US.”

Cautious optimism


The US confirmed it would take part in the diplomatic efforts and offered to sit down with Iran.

"These remain early days and we don't anticipate an immediate breakthrough as there will be difficult discussions ahead. But we believe this is a healthy step forward," US State Department spokesman Ned Price said.

The US special envoy for Iran, Robert Malley, welcomed negotiations and called them a step "in the right direction".

Mikhail Ulyanov, Russia’s ambassador to the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency, said that talks were “on the right track”.

"Discussions were quite businesslike and will continue," he said.

"The impression is that we are on the right track but the way ahead will not be easy and will require intensive efforts. The stakeholders seem to be ready for that."

Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said the aim of next week’s meeting was to “rapidly finalise sanction-lifting”, which he said would be followed by “Iran ceasing remedial measures”.

Mr Zarif said there would be no meeting between Iran and the US, calling it “unnecessary”.

Iran’s deputy foreign minister Abbas Araghchi, a senior negotiator, told Iranian TV that Friday’s talks were “frank and serious”.




IR-8 centrifuges at Natanz nuclear power plant, some 300 kilometres south of capital Tehran. AFP
PHOTOS
Talks to discuss US return to Iran nuclear deal 'on right track', says Russia | The National (thenationalnews.com)






"Iran will suspend its steps [scaling back compliance with deal terms] as soon as sanctions are lifted and this is verified," Mr Araghchi told the meeting.

Germany’s Foreign Ministry welcomed the continuation of talks in Vienna, saying it had “worked intensively” with Britain and France towards preserving the deal.

“We have no time to lose. An agreement that is once again fully respected would be a plus for the whole region’s security and the best foundation for discussions about other important questions on regional stability,” a German statement said.

China on Friday called for the US to lift all "illegal sanctions" on Iran, saying the country’s nuclear issue was at a “critical stage”.

Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying blamed Washington’s unilateral exit from the deal as the “root cause” of the problem, and said China welcomed the return of the US.

Under the 2015 agreement, economic sanctions on Iran were lifted in return for curbs on Iran's nuclear programme.

Friday’s talks were chaired by EU official Enrique Mora, the political director of the bloc’s External Action Service, on behalf of the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Josep Borrell.

French Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Agnes von der Muhll said European powers were working closely with Russia and China to find a solution to the deadlock.

"These exchanges are more than necessary because Iran has not accepted taking part in direct contacts between the other participants and the US ... which would have eased discussions," she said.

‘First step:’ US, Iran to begin indirect nuclear-limit talks


BY ELLEN KNICKMEYER AND RAF CASERT ASSOCIATED PRESS
APRIL 02, 2021 



This combined photo released by the Iranian Foreign Ministry, shows Iranian diplomats attending a virtual talk on nuclear deal with representatives of world powers, in Tehran, Iran, Friday, April 2, 2021. The chair of the group including the European Union, China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and Iran said that the participants "emphasized their commitment to preserve the JCPOA and discussed modalities to ensure the return to its full and effective implementation," according to a statement after their virtual meeting, referring to the acronym for the accord — the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Abbas Araghchi, center, heads the Iranian diplomats. (Iranian Foreign Ministry via AP) AP
The United States and Iran said Friday they will begin indirect negotiations with intermediaries next week to try to get both countries back into compliance with an accord limiting Iran’s nuclear program, nearly three years after President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. out of the deal.

The announcement marks one of the first bits of tangible progress in efforts to return both nations to terms of the 2015 accord, which bound Iran to restrictions in return for relief from U.S. and international sanctions.

President Joe Biden came into office saying that getting back into the accord and getting Iran’s nuclear program back under international restrictions was a priority. But Iran and the United States have disagreed over Iran's demands that sanctions be lifted first, and that deadlock has threatened to become an early foreign policy setback for the new U.S. president.

Administration officials played down expectations for next week's talks. State Department spokesperson Ned Price called the resumption of negotiations, scheduled for Tuesday in Vienna, “a healthy step forward.” But Price added, “These remain early days, and we don’t anticipate an immediate breakthrough as there will be difficult discussions ahead.”

“This is a first step,” Biden Iran envoy Rob Malley tweeted. He said diplomats were now “on the right path.”

Trump pulled the U.S. out of the accord in 2018, accusing Iran of continuous cheating and opting for what he called a maximum-pressure campaign of stepped-up U.S. sanctions and other tough actions. Iran responded by intensifying its enrichment of uranium and building of centrifuges in plain violation of the accord, while maintaining its insistence that its nuclear development was for civilian and not military purposes.

Israel, Saudi Arabia and other U.S. allies and strategic partners are on perpetual alert against the possibility of their top rival, Iran, attaining nuclear arms, keeping tensions up in a region where the U.S. military is present and has often intervened.

Iran's enrichment was seen as upping the pressure for a U.S. return to the nuclear deal and a lifting of Trump's sanctions, which included banking measures aimed at cutting off the country from the international financial system. Other Trump administration measures sanctioned Iran's oil sales and blacklisted top government officials.

Agreement on the start of indirect talks came after the European Union helped broker a virtual meeting of officials from Britain, China, France, Germany, Russia and Iran, all of which have remained in the accord, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.

Price said next week's talks will be structured around working groups that the European Union was forming with the remaining participants in the accord, including Iran.

“The primary issues that will be discussed are the nuclear steps that Iran would need to take in order to return to compliance with the terms of the JCPOA, and the sanctions relief steps that the United States would need to take in order to return to compliance as well,” Price said.

The United States, like Iran, said it did not anticipate direct talks between the two nations now. Price said the United States remains open to that idea, however.

In a tweet, Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif said the aim of the Vienna session would be to “rapidly finalize sanction-lifting & nuclear measures for choreographed removal of all sanctions, followed by Iran ceasing remedial measures.”

Iranian state television quoted Abbas Araghchi, Iran's nuclear negotiator at the virtual meeting, as saying during Friday's discussions that any “return by the U.S. to the nuclear deal does not require any negotiation and the path is quite clear.”

“The U.S. can return to the deal and stop breaching the law in the same way it withdrew from the deal and imposed illegal sanctions on Iran,” Araghchi was quoted as as saying.

Russia's ambassador to international organizations in Vienna, Mikhail Ulyanov, said "the impression is that we are on the right track, but the way ahead will not be easy and will require intensive efforts. The stakeholders seem to be ready for that.”

Events since Trump pulled out of the deal complicate the United States' return.


Iran since the U.S. withdrawal from the pact has been steadily violating its restrictions, like the amount of enriched uranium it can stockpile and the purity to which it can enrich it.

The International Atomic Energy Agency has said that over the past two years, Iran has accumulated extensive nuclear material and new capacities and used the time for “honing their skills in these areas.”

Iran in January increased uranium enrichment at its underground Fordo facility to 20% levels. That puts Tehran a comparatively easier technical step away from weapons-grade levels of 90%. Iran now has enough low-enriched uranium to convert to a higher level of enrichment and make a bomb.

Iran insists it is not seeking to make nuclear bombs.


Iran has said that before it resumes compliance with the deal, the U.S. needs to return to its own obligations by dropping the sanctions.

As part of its ongoing violations of the deal, Iran last month began restricting inspections of its nuclear facilities. Under a last-minute agreement worked out during a trip to Tehran, however, some access was preserved.

Under that temporary agreement, Iran will no longer share surveillance footage of its facilities with the International Atomic Energy Agency but has promised to preserve the tapes for three months. It will then hand them over to the Vienna-based U.N. atomic watchdog if it is granted sanctions relief. Otherwise, Iran has vowed to erase the tapes, narrowing the window for a diplomatic breakthrough.

In the U.S., conservatives have pushed the Biden administration to broaden talks to address other complaints against Iran, including its crucial support to armed groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen and Syria and its detention of American citizens, as a condition for lifting sanctions. The administration has pledged in principle to push Iran on those matters, but State Department spokespeople on Friday declined to say if or when those additional points of friction might be raised in resumed talks..





FILE—In this Dec. 23, 2019 file photo released by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, technicians work at the Arak heavy water reactor's secondary circuit, as officials and media visit the site, near Arak, 150 miles (250 kilometers) southwest of the capital Tehran, Iran. 

In a statement after a virtual meeting on Friday, April 2, 2021, the chair of a group of high-level officials from the European Union, China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and Iran said the participants "emphasized their commitment to preserve the JCPOA and discussed modalities to ensure the return to its full and effective implementation." (Atomic Energy Organization of Iran via AP, File) AP
WE NEED OUR OWN WORKER REPS FOR CPPIB

'A short on human ingenuity': Why CPPIB's new chief says fossil fuel divestment is off the table under his watch

John Graham believes science will find solutions to many of the issues facing the oil and gas industry today

Author of the article: Barbara Shecter

Publishing date: Apr 09, 2021 • 
John Graham, the new chief executive officer of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board. PHOTO BY CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD

The new chief executive of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board has no plans to institute a blanket divestment of oil and gas assets during his tenure, in part because he believes science will find solutions to many of the issues that have made environmentalists and some investors question such holdings.

“Simple divestment is essentially a short on human ingenuity,” John Graham told the Financial Post in a recent interview, adding that there are “incredibly bright, talented” scientists and engineers in the oil and gas industry.


“We’ve taken the position that we invest in the entire energy ecosystem, and we do not pursue a path of blanket divestment,” he said.

Invoking science to support energy investments may not be a popular position in some quarters these days, but the 49-year-old, who was abruptly named to the top post at the $475 billion fund in February, has the credentials to back it up.

A research scientist for more than a decade, Graham has a PhD in chemistry from the University of Western Ontario, as well as an MBA from the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management.

Navigating the political minefield around energy investments will be one of the key challenges Graham faces as head of the investment platform for Canada’s national pension scheme, which has mandate to “maximize investment returns without undue risk of loss.” Like other large institutional investors, CPPIB is facing criticism not only from environmentalists but from academics who are quick to point out that fossil fuels, no matter how lucrative now, represent risk.

But Graham is not taking sides.

We will continue to invest across the entire energy ecosystem
JOHN GRAHAM

OnTuesday, CPPIB announced that two existing investment groups — energy and resources and power and renewables — will be rolled into a single $18-billion platform called the Sustainable Energy Group to build on investments in renewables, conventional energy and innovation through new technologies and services.

“We will continue to invest across the entire energy ecosystem including active investments we have in Alberta,” Grahamsaid in the interview, which took place shortly before the announcement.

Among those investments is Calgary’s Wolf Midstream, which hepointedto as an example of what he sees as the path forward.

The company, which CPPIB first invested in six years ago, is involved in the conventional oil and gas sector. But Wolf also built and is part owner of the 240-kilometre Alberta Carbon Trunk Line, which captures industrial emissions from fertilizer facilities and refineries and delivers the carbon dioxide to use in enhanced oil recovery at mature oil and gas reservoirs and for permanent storage.

“It is one (investment) we’re quite proud of — a great example of some of the forward-looking thinking around carbon capture,” Graham said.
The 240-kilometre Alberta Carbon Trunk Line captures industrial emissions and delivers the carbon dioxide to use in enhanced oil recovery and for permanent storage. PHOTO BY ALBERTA CARBON TRUNK LINE

“I’ve met lots of people through my career, scientists and engineers, who work in the oil and gas sector, and they’re incredibly bright, talented people who will undoubtedly play a role in the energy transition.”

Graham is the second consecutive executive with a science background to lead the investment management team for Canada’s national pension scheme. His predecessor, Mark Machin, was trained as a medical doctor before turning his attention to high finance. Machin resigned from his job as CEO of CPPIB suddenly in February after it was revealed that he had travelled to the United Arab Emirates and been vaccinated against COVID-19 while those his age in Canada were still awaiting inoculation.

While Machin only worked as a doctor for about a year before moving into the world of investing at Goldman Sachs, Graham worked for several years asa researcher in the innovation group at Xerox, before transitioning to a strategy role at the technology company.

He had begun to work on his MBA when a headhunter came calling and lured him to CPPIB. He started in portfolio construction before moving into private investments and credit. As he moved up the ranks, his application of the scientific method was evident.

Take his decision in 2018 to move all CPPIB’s credit investors into a single department, a shift he describes as deliberate and methodical.

Before then, what had become one of the largest global asset classes was being managed within regional departments and asset class groups such as real estate, with a district focus on investment grade versus non-investment grade assets.

Graham’s view was that a broader lens across geographies and assets would help CPPIB capitalize on the opening of less-developed credit markets in China, India and Latin America, where there were fewer such silos or distinctions.

“We think of credit as an investment in credit, and really have built this department that can do public, it can do private, it can do corporate, it can do real estate, it can do structured credit,” he said. “The investment teams will build a portfolio with the best opportunities.”

The investment management organization won’t set “hard” allocations for specific asset classes, Graham said, adding that he will rely on chief investment officer Ed Cass when it comes to assessing macro-economic factors such as interest rates to determine portfolio construction and capital allocation.

While Graham’s ascent to the top job in February was abrupt, given the circumstances, he was far from a dark horse and had been on a very short list of possible successors to Machin since last summer, according to sources with knowledge of the succession planning.

His experience on the credit side of investing is understood to have worked in his favour, given the growing prominence of private debt alongside the sometimes flashier world of private equity. A person with knowledge of the pension management organization’s inner workings said Graham worked under seasoned fund veterans such as Cass andMark Jenkins, who spearheaded CPPIB’s $12-billion acquisition of major credit platform Antares Capital, and was recognized as a smart and disciplined investor who also possessed a combination of strong leadership skills and strategic sense.


AIMCo’s next move: As Alberta contemplates CPP exit, investment manager focuses on rebuilding trust


Pension plan chief’s resignation renews debate over vaccine queue jumping


Graham is one of three CPPIB executives on the board of Antares, which was purchased in 2015. He described the in-house investment process that drove that acquisition as a guide to what can be expected under his leadership. Perhaps not surprisingly, the two-year process was methodical — it involved identifying a promising market segment and its key players, the writing of a research paper to back the investment thesis, and then careful observation.

“We watched the market…. When GE went to sell Antares, in many ways we’d already done all the homework,” he said. “We knew it was the market leader, we knew it was the platform we wanted to buy, and the organization was able to move (with) speed. And it’s been a fantastic investment for us.”

• Email: bshecter@postmedia.com | Twitter: BatPost


DeSantis’ anti-riot bill advances in Senate despite criticism it infringes on free speech

John Kennedy, Capital Bureau
USA TODAY NETWORK-FLORIDA


TALLAHASSEE – Gov. Ron DeSantis’ “anti-riot” bill, which has become one of the Legislature’s most controversial measures, finally advanced Friday in the state Senate.

Dozens of Floridians testified against the legislation, with many condemning it as a racially tinged attack on free speech. Republican legislators who spoke in favor of the measure echoed DeSantis’ stance that it’s needed to protect businesses and communities from violence.

The governor proposed the legislation following the Black Lives Matter protests last year that followed the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police. Some of the demonstrations around the nation turned violent, with stores burned and looted, while protesters and police were injured in confrontations.

“I believe those rioters took away from what those peaceful protesters were trying to change,” said Sen. Danny Burgess, R-Zephyrhills, Senate sponsor of the measure, which already cleared the House on party lines.

Previously: DeSantis-backed ‘anti-riot’ bill clears Florida House following hours of tense debate

More from the state legislature:After drawing heat, Republican leaders boost housing money — but still take most of it

The legislation (HB1) toughens penalties for crimes that occur during protests that turn violent and creates new crimes including “mob intimidation,” “inciting a riot,” and “defacing, damaging or destroying a monument,” largely aimed at protecting Confederate statutes across Florida that are occasional targets of protests.

Senate Democrats, who unsuccessfully tried to water down the legislation with amendments beaten back by ruling Republicans on the Appropriations Committee, said the proposal is not needed – and likely unconstitutional.

“This language is so broadly worded, so badly defined, so potentially harmful to the right of free speech that, you know, you could have peaceful protesters prosecuted simply for being present while someone near them ... breaks the law,” said Senate Democratic Leader Gary Farmer of Lighthouse Point.

Floridians who traveled to Tallahassee to testify remotely blocks away from the Capitol blistered the legislation and warned that the criminal sanctions are certain to be applied more rigorously against Black protesters.

The Rev. James T. Golden, a minister and member of the Manatee County School Board, said the approach reflected the state’s Republican-dominated government seeking to quash criticism.

“This is not about race. This is about power,” Golden told the committee.

Along with the tougher criminal penalties, city and county governments could be held financially liable for damages if they failed to control protests that get out of hand. They also could be subject to new challenges if they attempt to reduce spending on law enforcement.

“This punitive and political preemption is not how democracy works,” said Sabrina Javellana, a Hallandale Beach city commissioner, urging lawmakers to kill the legislation.



Republican leaders unveiled the anti-riot measure the evening of Jan. 6, when a pro-President Trump mob overran the U.S. Capitol. But DeSantis talked about taking the steps contained in the bill as early as September – when the Black Lives Matter protests were still fresh.

“This is a very robust package,” DeSantis said when he outlined tougher penalties against protesters, most of which are contained in HB 1. “I think what it’s saying is we are not going to let Florida go down the road that some of these other places have gone.”

Among the provisions in the package approved Friday is a mandatory six-month sentence for anyone convicted of battery on a police officer during a riot. Another would impose a felony carrying penalties ranging from a $5,000 fine to 10 years in prison for anyone convicted of injuring someone or damaging property during a “violent public disturbance” involving three or more people.

Those arrested as part of a riot would be unable to immediately bond out and would have to wait for a first appearance before a judge.

While the legislation was an early priority for the House, which approved the bill two weeks ago, Friday’s hearing was its debut in the Florida Senate. The delay was viewed by some as a sign senators had problems with at least a few of the provisions. But the governor’s priority bill now looks set for a final vote well ahead of the Legislature’s scheduled April 30 finish.
FLORIDA
Nearly "catastrophic" wastewater leak could devastate marine life

Li Cohen 
CBS NEWS
4/11/2021

Florida officials have been scrambling over the past week after a wastewater pond at the former Piney Point phosphate mining facility sprung a major leak — a situation officials described as a potential "catastrophe." While officials have managed to drain the reservoir enough so that a "tidal wave" of wastewater did not flood the area, experts told CBS News that the threat to the environment remains.

© John Raoux ap060105026656.jpg

Residents who live immediately around the area are physically safe for the time being, state officials said, but millions of gallons of water have flowed into the ground and local waterways, and millions more were pumped directly into Port Manatee, an entrance to Tampa Bay on Florida's west coast, to prevent the reservoir from collapsing.

From March 26 to April 9, approximately 237 million gallons of water either leaked or were intentionally discharged from the reservoir, the state's environmental department said. Officials stopped discharging water into the port on Friday, according to the state's water quality dashboard.

The water was determined to not have harmful levels of radioactive material, and officials have said the water in the reservoir meets marine water quality standards "with the exception of pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total ammonia nitrogen."

When questioned by CBS News, the state's environmental department did not specify what the water quality standards are for both the facility and marine waters. "It is slightly acidic, but not at a level that is expected to be a concern," the department said in a statement. "Field operation teams are now deploying nutrient reduction and removal treatments of the water on-site to address any required discharges in the future. This will significantly reduce nutrient loading to Port Manatee and help minimize water quality impacts."


Dr. Henry Briceño, a professor and water quality researcher at Florida International University who has several degrees in geological engineering, told CBS News that despite what officials say, the water does not meet water quality standards and officials should not "try to play games with people."

"The concentrations of the nutrients are way higher than the receiving water body," he said, referring to Port Manatee. "Those waters are not within normal, regular criteria of water quality for Tampa Bay. "

The nutrients most of concern when it comes to the wastewater — which is a combination of saltwater from a local dredge project, process water and stormwater — are nitrogen and phosphorus. While both are essential to plant life, excessive amounts can destroy ecosystems, experts say.

A joint statement issued this week by the environmental groups Suncoast Waterkeeper and Tampa Bay Waterkeeper estimated that the amount of nutrients entering Tampa Bay were equal to "approximately 100,000 bags of fertilizer" and that the wastewater "has approximately ten times the nitrogen of raw sewage." These figures, the groups said, are based on recent samples and levels of nitrogen may vary throughout the water column.

Jenna Stevens, state director of the organization Environment Florida, described the impact of this "nutrient pollution" to CBS News.

"Each body of water has a certain amount of pollution that it can take before things get really, really bad and we start seeing large water quality problems. And this amount of nutrient pollution can be really damaging," Stevens said. "When [officials] were like, 'Oh, well, it's no more acidic than a cup of coffee,' well, it still doesn't meet water quality standards for marine waters. It's too acidic for our waterways and it's too loaded with these pollutants."


The Tampa Bay Estuary Program, which is tracking water data near Piney Point, says on its online database that they are most concerned about increased total nitrogen and ammonia going into the coastal waters because of the drastic impact these nutrients can have on the ecosystem's health. Nitrogen concentrations higher than 5-10 milligrams per liter may be problematic, the program says, and reports show that water near Piney Point was recorded with nitrogen levels significantly higher than that.

On March 31, five days after the company that owns Piney Point submitted a report to the state that water was seeping into the gypsum stack that holds the water, one water sample from Piney Point Creek, which wastewater was initially leaking into, registered 191.5 milligrams per liter of nitrogen, an amount more than 19 times higher than the noted limit. Another point nearby registered 214.4 milligrams per liter, which is more than 21 times higher, according to the database.

According to environmental officials, the total nitrogen concentration in marine water should be limited to 0.74 milligrams per liter.

A week later, on April 7, officials said "elevated levels of phosphorus" were detected in Port Manatee, where wastewater from the Piney Point reservoir was being discharged. An April 5 water sample detected 2.1 milligrams per liter of orthophosphate, a form of phosphorus. That level is 21 times higher than the marine quality standard for phosphorus, which is 0.10 milligrams per liter. Other samples taken from the port on that date also had levels at least double the standard threshold.

Stevens, from Environment Florida, fears what this spill, or any in the future, could do to Tampa Bay, which for decades has been the focus of restoration and protection after being disastrously polluted in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1970s, locals, the state and the federal government took on extensive efforts to revitalize the area.
© Provided by CBS News A history of protection and restoration efforts in Tampa Bay. / Credit: Tampa Bay Estuary Program

A priority of those efforts was maintaining appropriate levels of nitrogen. Excessive amounts of the nutrient leads to more algae, which reduces the amount of light able to enter the water. Algal blooms, Briceño explained, create a devastating cascading effect for marine life, as the algae changes oxygen levels as it continues to expand, and even when it dies and rots.

"It's a mechanism that feeds itself and is continuous," Briceño said, adding he "will not be surprised" if it happens.

Environmental officials told CBS News on Saturday that there are "visual observations" of increased algae in the water.

"Algal bloom samples have been collected in an abundance of caution and are currently being processed," they said.

And if it does, it will also take a negative toll on seagrass, a vital plant for Tampa Bay's ecosystem. Seagrass, along with being a vital food and habitat source for manatees and other marine life, is essential for improving overall water quality.

It's taken decades and millions of dollars to restore seagrasses, and all it takes, Stevens said, is extra acidity to wipe it all out.

"So much of our way of life here in Florida is about our time on the water... It's where we get outside and enjoy our lives," Stevens said. "Scientists and advocates alike have been saying for decades that this is a problem, and polluters were not held accountable. And now, Floridians have to pay the price for their mess."

And if the seagrass goes, it could jeopardize Florida manatees, which are a threatened species that are in the midst of an unexpected die-off event, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. More than 600 manatees were found dead between January 1 and April 2. Between 2016 and 2020, the population averaged 203 deaths per year.

Experts believe that manatees' access to food is a contributing factor, though not the sole reason, for the sudden die-off.

"There needs to be more studying obviously done to totally determine what are the causes of all these deaths," Stevens said, "but what we are seeing leads us to believe that these manatees are running out of food, that they are potentially starving to death because of seagrass loss around the state."

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has made similar statements, nothing that food loss is a "contributing factor" to manatee deaths.

"Seagrass like many plants requires sunlight to grow," the commission says on its website. "Since 2011, persistence of algal blooms has resulted in reduced water clarity and light penetration which led to a dramatic reduction of seagrass. Seagrass is the primary food for manatees in these systems."

The Florida Senate voted to allocate $3 million for the 2021-2022 fiscal year to help clean up the wastewater at Piney Point. But the funds, if they are included in the final budget, would not be available until July 1 — a month after hurricane season officially begins.

Tropical storms and hurricanes pose a larger risk to local and environmental safety around Piney Point, as strong storms could cause damage overflows in ponds and infrastructure. These storms have become more frequent and more intense over the years, and this year, the National Hurricane Center will start routinely monitoring tropical weather.

Todd Crowl, director of the Institute of Environment at Florida International University, said that while the wastewater dump into Port Manatee is bad, normally ecosystems can recover as long as they are not continuously infiltrated.

"But if you whack it once, and then you whack it again in a pretty short amount of time," he said, "it never has time to quite recover."

Tampa Bay, he said, "is getting dangerously close" to such a problem, and a hurricane hitting before the system can recover may create more permanent damage.

It could take months to see the full effects of the wastewater dump, but Briceño fears that the ramifications will impact South Florida's already fragile waters.

"That's what I am afraid that we could have in those ecosystems... that we go beyond those tipping points," he said. "And then we don't know what's gonna happen, but it's not gonna be good, for sure."