Tuesday, August 04, 2020

A PIECE OF THE ACTION UPDATED

Trump wants the Treasury to get a substantial cut of any TikTok acquisition. China's state media says that would be 'open robbery.'


Trump says China or Microsoft should pay U.S. a share of any TikTok sale proceeds


WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. government should receive a “big percentage” of the proceeds from any sale of the U.S. operations of TikTok to Microsoft, President Donald Trump said on Monday.
Trump told reporters that the United States would make any sale of the Chinese-owned video app possible, and therefore deserves a share of the proceeds, whether it comes from China or Microsoft.
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"A Piece of the Action" is the seventeenth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by David P. Harmon and Gene L. Coon, and directed by James Komack, it was first broadcast on January 12, 1968.
Episode no: Season 2; Episode 17
Original air date: January 12, 1968
Story by: David P. Harmon
Teleplay by: David P. HarmonGene L. Coon




Star Trek The Original Series Rewatch: “A Piece of the Action”


“A Piece of the Action”
Written by David P. Harmon and Gene L. Coon
Directed by James Commack
Season 2, Episode 20
Production episode 60349
Original air date: January 12, 1968
Stardate: unknown
Captain’s log. The Enterprise approaches Sigma Iotia II, and Uhura makes contact with an official on the planet, whose name is Oxmyx and whose title is “Boss.” Kirk explains to a rather confused Oxmyx that they only just now, one hundred years later, received the final radio transmission from the Horizon, a ship that went missing. It indicated that the ship had visited Iotia, so the Enterprise is following up, since there may have been some cultural contamination (the Horizon‘s heyday was before the Prime Directive). Terms like “galaxy” and “subspace” just confuse the heck out of Oxmyx, and Kirk amusedly says that he’ll explain in detail when he meets up with him. Oxmyx says he’ll send a reception committee to meet him—and the coordinates he provides are “the intersection down the block, by the yellow fireplug.” Scotty is able to pinpoint those oh-so-specific coordinates (probably by triangulating Uhura’s signal) and Kirk, Spock, and McCoy beam down—
—and find themselves greeted by two guys in suits and hats carrying Tommy guns and telling them to put their hands over their heads.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Iotia seems to be a replica of early 20th-century Chicago, complete with period slang coming out of the people’s mouths. They’re to be escorted to Oxmyx, but en route there’s a drive-by hit, with one of Oxmyx’s gangsters being killed.
A rather appalled landing party is brought to Oxmyx. En route two women complain about the lack of laundry pickup and the busted street lights—they pay their percentages, they want their services.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Oxmyx is in his office playing pool. He explains that there are a dozen bosses, not counting the small fry, but Oxmyx has the biggest territory. He also orders his goon to retaliate for Krako’s hit—Krako is the most powerful of the other eleven bosses.
Spock notices a prominently displayed book: Chicago Mobs of the Twenties, published in 1992. Oxmyx describes it as “the” book. The Iotians are imitative, and apparently they built their entire culture around this book.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Oxmyx wants Kirk to supply him with weapons and resources so he can wipe out the other bosses. If he doesn’t, he’ll send them back to the Enterprise in a box. Kirk refuses, of course. Oxmyx does have the three phasers and communicators the landing party came down with, and he wants another hundred or so.
The three Enterprise crew are taken away and Oxmyx calls the ship and tells Scotty that he has eight hours to provide some fancy heaters and troops to instruct in their use or he’ll put the landing party on ice. Scotty only understands a fraction of what Oxmyx is saying.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Imprisoned in a warehouse, Kirk, Spock, and McCoy agree that they need to fix the Horizon‘s contamination, and Spock says that Oxmyx’s heart is in the right place: the planet needs to be united, preferably by a method other than multiple hits.
Kirk decides to distract the guards by teaching them a nonsense card game called fizzbin, which confuses them so much that the trio are able to take them out with a thrown table, a nerve pinch, and good old-fashioned fisticuffs. Kirk orders Spock to find a radio station and break into the signal to alert Uhura to beam them up. Kirk will do likewise, but he’s bringing Oxmyx to the ship with him.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
But before Kirk can do that, he’s kidnapped by Krako. He’s got all of Oxmyx’s communications bugged. Kirk guesses that Krako wants the same thing Oxmyx wants—but Krako’s not threatening Kirk, he’s offering a percentage of the profits. Kirk’s got a counter proposal: that Oxmyx, Krako, and the other bosses sit down and talk like reasonable people. Krako thinks that’s nuts—that’s not how The Book says to do things—so he quickly switches to threats. Kirk says no deal, and Krako puts him on ice.
Oxmyx calls the Enterprise—and is very surprised to see that Spock is back on the ship—and informs them that Kirk has been kidnapped. Spock reluctantly agrees to Oxmyx’s terms of truce and assistance in retrieving Kirk from Krako’s clutches. This proves unwise, as Oxmyx takes them prisoner as soon as they materialize.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
However, Kirk escapes all on his own thanks to clever use of a radio wire, a garbage basket, and a blanket. He rescues Spock and McCoy, and the former reports to Kirk that the computer was singularly unhelpful, as logic and facts don’t really apply here. (He ain’t kiddin’.)
So Kirk plays a hunch. He gets Oxmyx’s two thugs to remove their suits, and Kirk and Spock change into them, and head to Krako’s in a car—which Kirk drives with a spectacular lack of skill, to the point where even Spock gives him shit about it.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
A kid, wanting a piece of the action, offers to help them with their hit on Krako by distracting the two guards on Krako’s place so Kirk and Spock can take them out efficiently without a big shootout on the street. Inside, they use their phasers on two more guards, but two more get the drop on them.
Kirk then gets into character and announces that the Federation is takin’ over. They don’t want to use their muscle, they prefer to be subtle. They just have one guy take over and pull the strings, and the Federation pulls their strings. Kirk calls the ship and tells Scotty that Krako is standing twelve feet in front of him all ready to help take over. Scotty gets the message and beams Krako up.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Kirk and Spock drive back to Oxmyx’s place, and instruct Oxmyx to call the other bosses. Each time he does, Scotty locks in on the person on the other end and beams them over, and then Krako beams down as well. This leads to a scene filled with mass confusion around Oxmyx’s pool table until Kirk tells them to shut up and run their planet like a business, not a criminal empire. The Federation gets 40%. But the bosses are skeptical, as all they’ve seen is three guys—even Krako, who’s been to the ship, only saw one room and three other guys and that’s it.
Krako’s thugs wake up and decide to hit Oxmyx’s place. The distraction allows Krako to take McCoy’s Tommy gun. Kirk convinces Krako to let him call the ship one more time to say goodbye. This gives Kirk a chance to demonstrate how powerful the Federation is. He has Scotty fire the phasers on stun on a one-block radius, which knocks everyone on the street out. The bosses are suitably impressed.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Oxmyx thinks Kirk should be the top boss, but Kirk insists that the Federation can’t get directly involved with something so small-time. He proposes Oxmyx as the boss, Krako as his lieutenant, and the Federation will come by once a year to take their cut. The bosses agree.
Back on the ship, Spock points out how irregular Kirk’s solution is, and also wonders how Kirk will explain the Federation coming by to take their cut once a year. Kirk says they’ll put the money back into the planetary treasury.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Of more concern is that McCoy thinks he left his communicator in Oxmyx’s office. That means the imitative and resourceful Iotians have access to transtator technology…
Can’t we just reverse the polarity? Apparently all 23rd century Federation technology is based on the transtator.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Fascinating. As in “I, Mudd,” Spock shows he’s perfectly willing to role-play in the service of the mission, although it takes him a while to get the hang of the slang. Having said that, one of the biggest laughs of an episode full of them is Spock saying, “I would advise yas ta keep dialin’, Oxmyx.”
I’m a doctor not an escalator. McCoy looks incredibly awkward holding a Tommy gun on Oxmyx and his goons, and it’s not really surprising that Krako gets the drop on him later. He also apparently can’t keep track of his communicator.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Hailing frequencies open. Uhura is monitoring radio transmissions, which probably provides her with tons of entertainment, based on the brief bit we hear when Spock and McCoy are in the radio station (I love the ad for machine guns). It also enables the latter two to contact her (to her surprise) after they free themselves from Oxmyx’s clutches. 
I cannot change the laws of physics! Scotty struggles mightily with the slang, and never really quite gets it—Kirk pretty much has to translate to Scotty everything that he is saying in slang for the Iotians’ benefit—though he does make a game attempt by referring to “concrete galoshes” to Krako.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
It’s a Russian invention. Chekov has the first line of the episode—”Approaching Sigma Iotia II, Captain”—and is not seen or heard from again after that.
Go put on a red shirt. Two security guards keep their “heaters” on Krako the whole time he’s in the transporter.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
No sex, please, we’re Starfleet. Oxmyx and Krako each have molls whose primary purpose is to sit provocatively on their bosses’ respective desks. Initially, Krako tries to convince Kirk to throw in with him by sending his moll over to cuddle up to Kirk. When Kirk refuses the deal, she gets up and walks away.
Channel open. “Must we?”
“It’s faster than walking.”
“But not as safe.”
“Are you afraid of cars?”
“Not at all, Captain. It is your driving that alarms me.”
Spock and Kirk discussing the pros and cons of travelling from Krako’s to Oxmyx’s via automobile.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Welcome aboard. Anthony Caruso and Vic Tayback are pretty much perfectly cast as Oxmyx and Krako. The various other Iotians are played by Steven Marlo, Lee Delano, John Harmon, Buddy Garion, Sheldon Collins, Dyanne Thorne, and Sharyn Hillyer. Plus we have recurring regulars James Doohan, Nichelle Nichols, and Walter Koenig.
Trivial matters: This episode has its origins in one of the notions Gene Roddenberry had for the series early on, though it was only a two-word concept: “President Capone.” George Clayton Johnson wrote a treatment called “The Syndicate” based on that, but it never went anywhere. Gene Coon dug it up and hired David P. Harmon to write a new “President Capone” treatment, which eventually became this script. As is common, Coon sometimes did uncredited rewrites of scripts as show-runner (his doing so for “The Trouble with Tribbles” was documented in David Gerrold’s book about the episode), but since he was no longer show-runner when this episode was produced, he was credited for his rewrite of Harmon’s script.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
An Earth Cargo Ship called Horizon is mentioned throughout Enterprise, and is seen in the episode “Horizon,” complete with a copy of a book on the gangs of Chicago in Mayweather’s quarters on that cargo ship. Though it’s never stated, it’s implied that that was the ship that visited Iotia. The Enterprise novel Kobayashi Maru by Andy Mangels & Michael A. Martin made it explicit, despite the fact that the Iotians know about the Federation, and the Federation didn’t exist yet at the time of that novel.
Several works of tie-in fiction have dealt with the aftermath of this episode in various ways. DC’s second monthly Star Trek comic had an arc called “The Trial of James T. Kirk” in issues #7-12 written by Peter David, and one of the witnesses was Oxmyx. He returned McCoy’s communicator untouched. Contrariwise, Shane Johnson’s The Worlds of the Federation had the Iotians adapt the transtator technology and the culture turned their imitative tendencies toward acting like Starfleet personnel. The New Frontier: No Limits story “All that Glisters…” by Loren L. Coleman established that Iotia had become a Federation world and a few Iotians had joined Starfleet, including Jodd Pako in that story and the recurring character of Makk Vinx in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers series, both of whom talk like 1920s gangsters. The TNG crew travelled to Iotia in the story “A Piece of Reaction” written by Mangels & Martin for the tenth and final issue of Marvel’s Star Trek Unlimited comic. Iotia has also shown up in several of the role-playing and video games and a few Strange New Worlds short stories.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
The first notion the Deep Space Nine writing staff had for the 30th anniversary episode in 1996 that eventually became “Trials and Tribble-ations” was to do a sequel to this episode, with a situation similar to that proposed by Johnson in Worlds: Iotia was now a planet full of people dressed like and acting like 23rd-century Starfleet personnel.
Quark offers to teach Odo how to play fizzbin in the DS9 episode “The Ascent,” which raises the question of whether or not it was Kirk or the Iotians who marketed the game after Kirk made it up on the spot in this episode. The game shows up periodically in other bits of tie-in fiction, including most hilariously in Diane Duane’s novel The Empty Chair, in which McCoy gives us tournament fizzbin, which also involves copious imbibing of Romulan Ale.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Kirk and Spock putting their feet up on Krako’s desk is an homage to a similar scene in Little Caesar.
In addition to James Blish’s adaptation in Star Trek 4, this episode also received the fotonovel treatment, complete with an introduction by Anthony Caruso, who wrote it in the style of Oxmyx.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
The ending of this episode inspired the plot for the Enterprise episode “The Communicator” when Reed accidentally leaves his communicator behind on a pre-warp planet, and the crew has to deal with the consequences.
To boldly go. “Okay, you three, let’s see you petrify!” The notion of using existing backlots and costumes and standing sets that were available to the Desilu Studio to save on costs for Star Trek episodes was hardly a new one at this point. It’s what drove the structure of “Miri,” “The Squire of Gothos,” “Tomorrow is Yesterday,” “The Return of the Archons,” “The City on the Edge of Forever,” and “Bread and Circuses.” Only “Tomorrow” and “City” were truly legitimate uses, as the crew actually travelled to the 20th century, leaving the others to provide either slim-to-no justification (“Miri,” “Archons,” “Bread”) or a deliberate impersonation (“Gothos”).
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
“A Piece of the Action” takes the latter-most of those routes, as we get a society that deliberately patterned itself after a book on Chicago mobs. Best of all, since it’s based on a second-hand account (one written seventy years after the events described in the text), you have an in-script justification for why the streets look like a backlot (they were imitating something described) and why the characterizations are so exaggerated.
Whether or not the episode actually works really depends on how funny you find it, because the episode is pure cheese from start to finish. At the very least, you know that from jump, as it’s impossible to take any of it entirely seriously—though the danger, at least, feels real thanks to the hit at the top of the episode that claims the life of a thug.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Me, I think it’s hilarious. I mean, it’s absurd, but it so completely wears its absurdity on its sleeve, I can’t bring myself to care all that much. William Shatner is having so much fun playing dress-up and acting all gangster-y, Anthony Caruso and Vic Tayback chew every bit of scenery available to them, and Leonard Nimoy remains the world’s greatest straight man. To be fair, he gets serious competition in the straight-man derby from Lee Delano, whose dazed expression while Kirk teaches him fizzbin is comedy gold.
If you don’t think it’s funny, then it’s a lot easier to see the holes in the story. My personal favorite is Spock and McCoy falling for the oldest trick in the book and beaming down to Oxmyx only to be captured again. Just in general the changing face of the upper hand in any given scene gets more than a little absurd by the end. Also, Kirk and Spock went to Krako’s with phaser pistols, but it’s the little hand-phasers that Krako is looking at after he captures them. And McCoy is totally wasted in the episode—even his banter with Spock in the radio station feels perfunctory.
Star Trek, season 2, A Piece of the Action
Still, it’s a fun little romp that isn’t required to be anything more than that. This isn’t how you’d want every episode to be, but it’s a nice diversion.

Warp factor rating: 6

Vikings had smallpox and may have helped spread the world's deadliest virus

Summary:Scientists have discovered extinct strains of smallpox in the teeth of Viking skeletons -- proving for the first time that the killer disease plagued humanity for at least 1400 years.


Date:July 23, 2020
Source:St John's College, University of Cambridge

FULL STORY

Viking ship (stock image).
Credit: © Alex Stemmer / stock.adobe.com

Scientists have discovered extinct strains of smallpox in the teeth of Viking skeletons -- proving for the first time that the killer disease plagued humanity for at least 1400 years.

Smallpox spread from person to person via infectious droplets, killed around a third of sufferers and left another third permanently scarred or blind. Around 300 million people died from it in the 20th century alone before it was officially eradicated in 1980 through a global vaccination effort -- the first human disease to be wiped out.

Now an international team of scientists have sequenced the genomes of newly discovered strains of the virus after it was extracted from the teeth of Viking skeletons from sites across northern Europe. The findings have been published in Science today (July 23, 2020).

Professor Eske Willerslev, of St John's College, University of Cambridge, and director of The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen, led the study.

He said: "We discovered new strains of smallpox in the teeth of Viking skeletons and found their genetic structure is different to the modern smallpox virus eradicated in the 20th century. We already knew Vikings were moving around Europe and beyond, and we now know they had smallpox. People travelling around the world quickly spread Covid-19 and it is likely Vikings spread smallpox. Just back then, they travelled by ship rather than by plane.

"The 1400-year-old genetic information extracted from these skeletons is hugely significant because it teaches us about the evolutionary history of the variola virus that caused smallpox."

Smallpox was eradicated throughout most of Europe and the United States by the beginning of the 20th century but remained endemic throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The World Health Organisation launched an eradication programme in 1967 that included contact tracing and mass communication campaigns -- all public health techniques that countries have been using to control today's coronavirus pandemic. But it was the global roll out of a vaccine that ultimately enabled scientists to stop smallpox in its tracks.

Historians believe smallpox may have existed since 10,000 BC but until now there was no scientific proof that the virus was present before the 17th century. It is not known how it first infected humans but, like Covid-19, it is believed to have come from animals.

Professor Martin Sikora, one of the senior authors leading the study, from the Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, said: "The timeline of the emergence of smallpox has always been unclear but by sequencing the earliest-known strain of the killer virus, we have proved for the first time that smallpox existed during the Viking Age.

"While we don't know for sure if these strains of smallpox were fatal and caused the death of the Vikings we sampled, they certainly died with smallpox in their bloodstream for us to be able to detect it up to 1400 years later. It is also highly probable there were epidemics earlier than our findings that scientists have yet to discover DNA evidence of."

The team of researchers found smallpox -- caused by the variola virus -- in 11 Viking-era burial sites in Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the UK. They also found it in multiple human remains from Öland, an island off the east coast of Sweden with a long history of trade. The team were able to reconstruct near-complete variola virus genomes for four of the samples.

Dr Lasse Vinner, one of the first authors and a virologist from The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, said: "Understanding the genetic structure of this virus will potentially help virologists understand the evolution of this and other viruses and add to the bank of knowledge that helps scientists fight emerging viral diseases.

"The early version of smallpox was genetically closer in the pox family tree to animal poxviruses such as camelpox and taterapox, from gerbils. It does not exactly resemble modern smallpox which show that virus evolved. We don't know how the disease manifested itself in the Viking Age -- it may have been different from those of the virulent modern strain which killed and disfigured hundreds of millions."

Dr Terry Jones, one of the senior authors leading the study, a computational biologist based at the Institute of Virology at Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Centre for Pathogen Evolution at the University of Cambridge, said: "There are many mysteries around poxviruses. To find smallpox so genetically different in Vikings is truly remarkable. No one expected that these smallpox strains existed. It has long been believed that smallpox was in Western and Southern Europe regularly by 600 AD, around the beginning of our samples.

"We have proved that smallpox was also widespread in Northern Europe. Returning crusaders or other later events have been thought to have first brought smallpox to Europe, but such theories cannot be correct. While written accounts of disease are often ambiguous, our findings push the date of the confirmed existence of smallpox back by a thousand years."

Dr Barbara Mühlemann, one of the first authors and a computational biologist, took part in the research during her PhD at the Centre for Pathogen Evolution at the University of Cambridge, and is now also based at the Institute of Virology at Charité, said: "The ancient strains of smallpox have a very different pattern of active and inactive genes compared to the modern virus. There are multiple ways viruses may diverge and mutate into milder or more dangerous strains. This is a significant insight into the steps the variola virus took in the course of its evolution."

Dr Jones added: "Knowledge from the past can protect us in the present. When an animal or plant goes extinct, it isn't coming back. But mutations can re-occur or revert and viruses can mutate or spill over from the animal reservoir so there will always be another zoonosis."

Zoonosis refers to an infectious disease outbreak caused by a pathogen jumping from a non-human animal to a human.

The research is part of a long-term project sequencing 5000 ancient human genomes and their associated pathogens made possible thanks to a scientific collaboration between The Lundbeck Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, The Nordic Foundation, and Illumina Inc.

Professor Willerslev concluded: "Smallpox was eradicated but another strain could spill over from the animal reservoir tomorrow. What we know in 2020 about viruses and pathogens that affect humans today, is just a small snapshot of what has plagued humans historically."
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Story Source:

Materials provided by St John's College, University of Cambridge. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:
Barbara Mühlemann, Lasse Vinner, Ashot Margaryan, Helene Wilhelmson, Constanza De La Fuente Castro, Morten E. Allentoft, Peter De Barros Damgaard, Anders Johannes Hansen, Sofie Holtsmark Nielsen, Lisa Mariann Strand, Jan Bill, Alexandra Buzhilova, Tamara Pushkina, Ceri Falys, Valeri Khartanovich, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, Palle Østergaard Sørensen, Yvonne Magnusson, Ingrid Gustin, Hannes Schroeder, Gerd Sutter, Geoffrey L. Smith, Christian Drosten, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Derek J. Smith, Eske Willerslev, Terry C. Jones, Martin Sikora. Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age. Science, 2020 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8977


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St John's College, University of Cambridge. "Vikings had smallpox and may have helped spread the world's deadliest virus." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 July 2020. .
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Sharks almost gone from many reefs

Summary:A massive global study of the world's reefs has found sharks are 'functionally extinct' on nearly one in five of the reefs surveyed.


Date:July 22, 2020
Source:James Cook University

FULL STORY

Sharks swimming near reef (stock image).
Credit: © timsimages.uk / stock.adobe.com




A massive global study of the world's reefs has found sharks are 'functionally extinct' on nearly one in five of the reefs surveyed.


Professor Colin Simpfendorfer from James Cook University in Australia was one of the scientists who took part in the study, published today in Nature by the Global FinPrint organisation. He said of the 371 reefs surveyed in 58 countries, sharks were rarely seen on close to 20 percent of those reefs.

"This doesn't mean there are never any sharks on these reefs, but what it does mean is that they are 'functionally extinct' -- they are not playing their normal role in the ecosystem," said Professor Simpfendorfer.

He said almost no sharks were detected on any of the 69 reefs of six nations: the Dominican Republic, the French West Indies, Kenya, Vietnam, the Windward Dutch Antilles and Qatar.

"In these countries, only three sharks were observed during more than 800 survey hours," said Professor Simpfendorfer.

Dr Demian Chapman, Global FinPrint co-lead and Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment at Florida International University, said it's clear the central problem is the intersection between high human population densities, destructive fishing practices, and poor governance.

"We found that robust shark populations can exist alongside people when those people have the will, the means, and a plan to take conservation action," said Dr Chapman.

Professor Simpfendorfer said it was encouraging that Australia was among the best nations at protecting shark populations and ensuring they played their proper role in the environment.

"We're up there along with such nations as the Federated States of Micronesia, French Polynesia and the US. These nations reflect key attributes that were found to be associated with higher populations of sharks: being generally well-governed, and either banning all shark fishing or having strong, science-based management limiting how many sharks can be caught," he said.

Jody Allen, co-founder and chair of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation which backs the Global FinPrint project, said the results exposed a tragic loss of sharks from many of the world's reefs, but also gave some hope.

"The data collected from the first-ever worldwide survey of sharks on coral reefs can guide meaningful, long-term conservation plans for protecting the reef sharks that remain," she said.

For more information and a new global interactive data-visualized map of the Global FinPrint survey results, visit https://globalfinprint.org.

Global FinPrint is an initiative of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation and led by Florida International University, supported by a global coalition of partner organizations spanning researchers, funders and conservation groups. The project represents the single largest and most comprehensive data-collection and analysis program of the world's populations of reef-associated sharks and rays ever compiled.



Story Source:

Materials provided by James Cook University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:
MacNeil, M.A., Chapman, D.D., Heupel, M. et al. Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks. Nature, 2020; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2519-y


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James Cook University. "Sharks almost gone from many reefs." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 July 2020. .