Thursday, June 17, 2021

Why democracies in G7 & NATO should reject US leadership

Ordinary people in other countries are right to be wary of the Pied Piper of American “leadership,” but their rulers should be too.

Photo credit: BPM Media - Protest at G7 summit in Cornwall UK

The world has been treated to successive spectacles of national leaders gathering at a G7 Summit in Cornwall and a NATO Summit in Brussels.

The U.S. corporate media have portrayed these summits as chances for President Biden to rally the leaders of the world’s democratic nations in a coordinated response to the most serious problems facing the world, from the COVID pandemic, climate change and global inequality to ill-defined “threats to democracy” from Russia and China.

But there’s something seriously wrong with this picture. Democracy means “rule by the people.” While that can take different forms in different countries and cultures, there is a growing consensus in the United States that the exceptional power of wealthy Americans and corporations to influence election results and government policies has led to a de facto system of government that fails to reflect the will of the American people on many critical issues.

So when President Biden meets with the leaders of democratic countries, he represents a country that is, in many ways, an undemocratic outlier rather than a leader among democratic nations. This is evident in:

– the “legalized bribery” of 2020’s $14.4 billion federal election, compared with recent elections in Canada and the U.K. that cost less than 1% of that, under strict rules that ensure more democratic results;

– a defeated President proclaiming baseless accusations of fraud and inciting a mob to invade the U.S. Congress on January 6 2021;

news media that have been commercialized, consolidated, gutted and dumbed down by their corporate owners, making Americans easy prey for misinformation by unscrupulous interest groups, and leaving the U.S. in 44th place on Reporters Without Borders’ Press Freedom Index;

– the highest incarceration rate of any country in the world, with over two million people behind bars, and systemic police violence on a scale never seen in other wealthy nations;

– the injustice of extreme inequality, poverty and cradle-to-grave debt for millions in an otherwise wealthy nation;

– an exceptional lack of economic and social mobility compared to other wealthy countries that is the antithesis of the mythical “American Dream”;

– privatized, undemocratic and failing education and healthcare systems;

– a recent history of illegal invasions, massacres of civilians, torture, drone assassinations, extraordinary renditions and indefinite detention at Guantanamo—with no accountabllity;

– and, last but not least, a gargantuan war machine capable of destroying the world, in the hands of this dysfunctional political system.

Fortunately though, Americans are not the only ones asking what is wrong with American democracy. The Alliance of Democracies Foundation (ADF), founded by former Danish Prime Minister and NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, conducted a poll of 50,000 people in 53 countries between February and April 2021, and found that people around the world share our concerns about America’s dystopian political system and imperial outrages.

Probably the most startling result of the poll to Americans would be its finding that more people around the world (44%) see the United States as a threat to democracy in their countries than China (38%) or Russia (28%), which makes nonsense of U.S. efforts to justify its revived Cold War on Russia and China in the name of democracy.

In a larger poll of 124,000 people that ADF conducted in 2020, countries where large majorities saw the United States as a danger to democracy included China, but also Germany, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, France, Greece, Belgium, Sweden and Canada.

After tea with the Queen at Windsor Castle, Biden swooped into Brussels on Air Force One for a NATO summit to advance its new “Strategic Concept,” which is nothing more than a war plan for World War III against both Russia and China.

But we take solace from evidence that the people of Europe, whom the NATO war plan counts on as front-line troops and mass casualty victims, are not ready to follow President Biden to war. A January 2021 survey by the European Council on Foreign Affairs found that large majorities of Europeans want to remain neutral in any U.S. war on Russia or China. Only 22% would want their country to take the U.S. side in a war on China, and 23% in a war on Russia.

Few Americans realize that Biden already came close to war with Russia in March and April, when the United States and NATO supported a new Ukrainian offensive in its civil war against Russian-allied separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk provinces. Russia moved tens of thousands of heavily-armed troops to its borders with Ukraine, to make it clear that it was ready to defend its Ukrainian allies and was quite capable of doing so. On April 13th, Biden blinked, turned round two U.S. destroyers that were steaming into the Black Sea and called Putin to request the summit that is now taking place.

The antipathy of ordinary people everywhere toward the U.S. determination to provoke military confrontation with Russia and China begs serious questions about the complicity of their leaders in these incredibly dangerous, possibly suicidal, U.S. policies. When ordinary people all over the world can see the dangers and pitfalls of following the United States as a model and a leader, why do their neoliberal leaders keep showing up to lend credibility to the posturing of U.S. leaders at summits like the G7 and NATO?

Maybe it is precisely because the United States has succeeded in what the corporate ruling classes of other nations also aspire to, namely greater concentrations of wealth and power and less public interference in their “freedom” to accumulate and control them.

Maybe the leaders of other wealthy countries and military powers are genuinely awed by the dystopian American Dream as the example par excellence of how to sell inequality, injustice and war to the public in the name of freedom and democracy.

In that case, the fact that people in other wealthy countries are not so easily led to war or lured into political passivity and impotence would only increase the awe of their leaders for their American counterparts, who literally laugh all the way to the bank as they pay lip service to the sanctity of the American Dream and the American People.

Ordinary people in other countries are right to be wary of the Pied Piper of American “leadership,” but their rulers should be too. The fracturing and disintegration of American society should stand as a warning to neoliberal governments and ruling classes everywhere to be more careful what they wish for.

Instead of a world in which other countries emulate or fall victim to America’s failed experiment in extreme neoliberalism, the key to a peaceful, sustainable and prosperous future for all the world’s people, including Americans, lies in working together, learning from each other and adopting policies that serve the public good and improve the lives of all, especially those most in need. There’s a name for that. It’s called democracy.


Medea Benjamin is cofounder of CODEPINK for Peace, and author of several books, including Inside Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Nicolas J. S. Davies is a writer for Consortium News and a researcher with CODEPINK, and the author of Blood On Our Hands: the American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.

War is making us poor!

Why is it that the U.S. spends more on military than the next 9 countries combined?

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SOURCENationofChange

1040 For Peace had a Zoom session the other night on strategies for peace, and I made a presentation. If you’re interested in a lively discussion on peace activism, the video is available HERE on YouTube. 

In the Q&A of the session, I talked about asymmetrical warfare.

Now we all know what ‘asymmetry’ means when it comes to military conflict. One country drops a few bombs. The bombed country responds not in-kind, but in another fashion: a cyber attack, a psyops, biochemical attack, they hack into elections (thank you, Rachel Maddow, for bringing us up to speed on that!), they put LSD in the drinking water.

But I made a point which I think is very important in understanding how misguided, arguably insane, our military priorities and spending are.

Here it is.

Within kinetic warfare itself — bombs, missiles, soldiers, planes, submarines, tanks — there’s also a profound asymmetry. And the asymmetry is the difference between OFFENSIVE WARFARE and DEFENSIVE WARFARE.

First off, let’s be clear about something: Defending one’s own nation is much easier and less expensive than attacking another nation, because first of all the positioning of military assets is at the outset opposite, then what is used in the engagement of the enemy and how the enemy is engaged is dramatically different.

Okay . . .

Countless times, we’ve heard this question over and over: Why is it that the U.S. spends more on military than the next 9 countries combined?

A slightly different take . . .

Why is it the combined defense budget of the U.S. and NATO, which in 2020 came in at over a trillion dollars ($1.028 trillion) is four times the combined defense budgets of China ($237 billion) and Russia ($48 billion)?

FOUR TIMES as big!

Yet, we always hear and are now hearing even louder than ever the harangue from the generals and other military planners that WE NEED MORE! More equipment, more troops deployed, more bombs, more ships, more missiles.

MORE MONEY!

And a core justify to the latest DOD money grab is this statement, coming by the way from both the Army and Navy:

“We can’t win a war with either Russia or China.”

Wait!

We can’t win a war with Russia and China. YES . . . that’s true. But you know what else is true? They can’t win a war with us!

Maybe I’m simpleminded but this sounds to me like a cause for celebration. In some twisted 21st Century way, this is a recipe for peace! None of the major powers would dare start a war since they know upfront they’d lose.

YAY! Break out the champagne.

Now . . . that begs the question: why are our military planners crying the blues, getting all weepy, and saying we’re in big trouble?

Because here we have another example of the grotesque deceptions we’re subjected to. This one is a classic case of LYING BY OMISSION.

What did they leave out? Well, what they left out is . . .

WE CAN’T WIN A WAR OF AGGRESSION against Russia.

WE CAN’T WIN A WAR OF AGGRESSION against China.

We can’t attack them on their soil, in their sphere of influence, on their seas, in their skies . . . and defeat them. WE CAN’T WIN!

This paranoia and prevarication highlights in big bold letters exactly what’s wrong with our foreign policy, our military planning, our conquer-the-world mentality, the whole ball of wax.

AND . . . it also makes it completely clear why our DOD budgets are and will always be increasing, why our bloated expenditures on policing and bringing the rest of the world to its knees, are completely insane.

Let me take this a step further. Since that Zoom session — this morning, in fact — I extended this line of reasoning a bit further.

Here’s how that goes.

Right now our military is freaking out about the advanced weaponry of Russia. We can’t keep up. Hypersonic missiles, nuclear powered drones, high-speed aquatic attack drones, advanced electronic warfare.

Russia has left the U.S. in the dust!

Our DOD budget for 2020? $718 billion.

Russia’s military budget 2020? $48 billion.

Yes, really. Only $48 BILLION!

Let’s even factor in the differences in cost of living. Current figures show that the COL of Russia is about half that of the U.S., meaning in U.S. dollars everything would cost twice as much. Alright, 2 times $48 billion is STILL ONLY $96 billion. In U.S. dollars, to create and maintain their awesome, SCARY military power, Russia spends 13% of what the U.S. does.

THAT’S how inexpensive a truly remarkable, effective DEFENSIVE military can be designed and deployed. Why then are we spending over seven times as much for our less-than-capable military machine?

Bear in mind, we haven’t won a single war since WWII. Okay okay . . . we trounced Granada in a one-sided invasion against some lifeguards and tow-truck drivers.

The problem is obvious . . . trying to police and conquer the entire planet is bankrupting us! No amount of lying, propaganda, and rah-rah-support-our-troops PR campaign changes the truth.

WAR IS MAKING US POOR!

Isn’t time we the people put a stop to this grotesque fraud? Isn’t it time we united behind a couple simple, straightforward, obvious propositions?

Enough is enough!

We’re not going to take it anymore!

Stop the military insanity before we destroy ourselves!

We the people can do this, if we just do what we need to do.

Like Julian Assange says: “If wars can be started by lies, they can be stopped by truth.”



Wednesday, June 16, 2021

FILIPINO  MYTHOLOGY ANIME 'TRESE' ON NETFLIX

Everything You Need to Know About the Mythological Creatures in Trese

If you need a refresher, here's your complete guide.

By KARL GAVERZA | 2 days ago

Trese is a series close to my heart, what really drew me into the komiks was the action and use of the source material. When I heard about its upcoming anime adaptation, I, as well as many other fans, expected a lot. And I wasn’t disappointed.

There is so much in the show to think about, mysteries on top of mysteries, the use of folklore as an inspiration, and all with the use of amazing art direction. Trese did a good job condensing what was in the komiks while adding just enough to streamline the adaptation in a new media.

The writing, in particular, took the very best parts of the source material and gave it new life, smoothly integrating the dialogue and the plot into a new experience. The animation itself was very fluid which added to the suspense. The character of Alexandra Trese seems less invincible in Trese, compared to the graphic novels. There is a struggle in her character that is very refreshing to see. That vulnerability really makes you root for her character all the more. The 18 rating of Trese really helps drive the point that this isn’t just your regular show. The blood and gore were not there just as window dressing but actively added to the atmosphere of what Trese is trying to achieve.

The series takes inspiration from different mythological creatures from the Philippines. If you need a refresher, here's your complete guide to the inspirations behind the creatures of Trese. Let's get started.

The White Lady of Balete Drive  

THE LADY IN WHITE IS A FAMILIAR GHOST ENTITY IN A VARIETY OF ASIA PACIFIC CULTURES
AS WELL AS IN CHINA , THE  KOREA'S AND JAPAN

The White Lady of Balete Drive is a beautiful woman with long hair that sometimes covers her face. She wears a white flowing dress, like that of a gown, slightly covered with bloodstains or dirt or with a face bathed in blood.

There are many versions of this urban legend: Some say a woman was raped at the same spot as Balete Drive by Japanese soldiers in the Second World War and that her ghost remains to avenge. Another version of the story says that the white lady was a student of the University of the Philippines. While on her way to Balete Drive from school, she was raped by a cab driver and her body was dumped in the area. Due to this, she appears to most cab drivers because she allegedly wants to seek revenge. A third version says a woman was driving in Balete Drive when she crashed her car, resulting in her death. In Trese, the White Lady of Balete Drive has been victimized twice—her ghost becoming a casualty in something bigger.


Nuno sa Punso


The Nuno sa Punso, which translates to grandfather of the mound, is an old man. He's described as very small, with reddish skin, with a long beard, and is hunchbacked. He's also sometimes seen holding a staff.

According to legend, the nuno steals pretty girls from villages and offers jewels or gold for them to live with him. While the saying, "Tabi, tabi po baka kayo mabunggo" which translates to "Excuse me, lest I bump you," is a polite way to pass through his domain. It is said that if you fail to utter the phrase, the nuno can be grazed and retaliate with fever or skin rashes. Offerings of food are made to the nuno to gain their favor, and in Trese, this is done through chocnut. Yes, the same peanut milk chocolate candy of our childhoods. In most legends, you would have to offer chickens, or other types of food. The series' nuno has a servant called Laman Lupa which is a collective term for dwarfs, gnomes, goblins, and other underground-dwellers in the Tagalog areas of Luzon. Both the duwende and the nuno belong to this group. While in Trese, this refers to an elemental made out of earth that is subservient to the nuno.

Aswang  



A huge part of the plot of Trese revolves around aswang tribes. But, what is an aswang? The term aswang is prolific in Philippine mythology. It may refer to a specific kind of monster with specific traits, yet it may also be a catch-all term for any kind of monster.

The term aswang is used by various ethnolinguistic groups, with some of them having no similarities whatsoever to the creatures they describe. An aswang in the north may be different from an aswang in the southern part of the Philippines. When aswang is translated it is usually done by calling it a witch, possessing supernatural powers that they use to spread terror. The general physical aspects of an aswang includes having a long, hollow tongue, sharp claws, sharp teeth, beautiful if in human form, and bestial if shapeshifted. By day, aswangs looks tired and pale, because they lack proper sleep as they are nocturnal.

\
Anthropologist Francis X. Lynch describes four ways of becoming an aswang: personal effort, the transmission of supernatural powers, contamination, and heredity. There are certain rituals that can turn one into an aswang if the subject is willing. The first ritual is to hold a fertilized chicken egg against one’s belly and then tie it in place with a piece of cloth around the body. After some time, the chicken from the egg will pass into the individual’s stomach in an osmosis-like manner. Then, the individual is able to make the sound 'tik, tik' that the aswang usually makes. The eggshell isn't thrown away and is instead placed in a bamboo tube alongside an ointment made from chicken droppings dissolved in coconut water and mixed with human flesh and blood. Another ritual is to go to the cemetery and take two fertilized eggs right after the Good Friday procession during the evening. The individual should stand straight, look directly at the full moon without blinking and place each egg under their armpits. After saying certain words three times (these words were not known by the informants) the egg disappears into their stomach, thereby turning them into an aswang. There should be a renewal of this procedure each year to keep the aswang powers.

There is also a belief that's widespread where an aswang just refuses to die without transferring its powers, usually to a member of its family or some friend. This process is done by having the initiate put their mouth close to the aswang's mouth (about two inches away). Then, the aswang chick hops into the mouth of the new aswang. Likewise, if an aswang puts any of their bodily fluids or human flesh into something that is ingested by a human, like food or water then the human will turn into an aswang themselves. This is clearly shown in the series' prison scene where captives are force-fed flesh. Then, there are the aswang's descendants which lasts up to seven generations as aswangs. Newly turned aswang are called yanggaw or bag-ong yanggaw as they cannot control their bloodlust and seek to feed.

Ibwa


One of the heads of the aswang clan is called Ibwa who is based on a specific mythical creature. Ibwa once mingled with the people in human form. Due to the thoughtless act of a mourner at a funeral, he became so addicted to the taste of human flesh that it has since been necessary to protect the corpse from him. He fears iron, hence, a piece of that metal is always laid on the grave. Holes are burned in each garment placed on the body to keep him from stealing them.

Xa Mul


Here's another head of the aswang clan that's based on a mythical creature: Xa Mul is an evil spirit who is said to swallow people alive without crushing them between his teeth. This spirit is present in the cultures of the Isneg or Apayao, an Austronesian ethnic group native to Apayao Province in the Philippines' Cordillera Administrative Region.

Ibu


Ibu is the Manobo goddess of death and the underworld. She is the queen of the underworld whose abode is down below at the pillars of the world. All care, worries, and trouble are no more in the underworld. Under the rule of the mistress Ibu, souls work, eat and even marry. In Trese, her emissary is a psychopomp—a guide of souls to the place of the dead. She uses the MRT and LRT as transportation for souls to her realm. In most Philippine myths, the soul is ferried to the next world by means of a boat, crossing the sea to the underworld.

Santelmo


Depicted as floating balls of fire, santelmo are said to be souls of people lost at sea. They are kept at bay by sprinkling salt on your sails. In other legends, a santelmo is formed when sunlight comes into contact with spilled human blood. Trese, on the other, features Santelmo who is called on by Alexandra Trese as the spirit of the Great Binondo Fire, which happened in the '50s. The depiction in Trese has the santelmo as more fire elementals that can be called upon for help.

Tikbalang


Tikbalang can be identified by their human bodies which are characterized by horse heads and long limbs—so long that when they sit their knees reach above their heads. These creatures are also described as a 'tall thin black men with a horse's head and terrible teeth.' They can be warded off by turning your clothes inside out. Sometimes, the tikbalang can even change itself into the form of one of the relatives of its victim before transforming back to scare its victim. Legend has it one can be controlled by taking three hairs from its head.

Trese's Tikbalang is fond of races, as befits their horse-like nature. This translates to one Tikbalang in particular as the best racer around. In old legends, if you want to control a tikbalang you have to ride it and wait until you grab three hairs from the top of its mane.


Red Dwende


There are many kinds of dwende: black, white, green and red. Amang Paso is a red dwende that are known to be neutral, as it can be either beneficient or maleficent. They are fond of chicken sacrifices and teach prayers, or oracion. Red dwende are who you go to if you want an agimat (talisman). Don't get any ideas, though, as they may be easy to invoke but they are difficult to get rid of. It is said that if they like you, they'll go with you wherever you will be.

Wind Elementals


Hannah and Amie are wind people—elementals that have power over the winds. The closest creatures that fit this description are the Ilonggo awan-awan. They are said to control the wind, rain, lightning, thunder, typhoon, and the whirlwind. Plus, they can also bring about sickness and death. Naturally, wind elementals live in the space between the clouds and the earth.

Tiyanak


Tiyanak are said to be the souls of babies that have died without being baptized. They want to play with whoever passes by them, and their favorite playmates are children with uncommon names. It is said that they crow like birds and they cry to lure childless couples. Then, they wait until they find an opportunity to kill the couple by sucking their blood. A tiyanak attracts people through its infant-like wails and the creature transforms into its hideous form when picked up. From there, it mauls the victim until they are dead.

Trese portrays the creature as goblins that possess small corpses left in the woods. In the tiyanak's legends, their true form is a hideous creature that returned from death. The tiyanak is also a shapeshifter, capable of taking on many forms.

Sigbin


A sigbin can look like a locust, frog, or a goat without horns and long hind legs like a kangaroo with large ears that flap. It has a long tail that's used to whip victims. They drink the blood of their victims by sucking at their shadows, and steal the bodies of their victims so that they can eat it with their aswang masters. Sigbins show themselves during the full moon. You'll be able to tell if it's a sigbin as it walks backward and it can reach its head at the back of its feet. Here's some useful information: they are afraid of sharp objects including knives.

In the series, Anton Trese's familiars are sigbin that are capable of shapeshifting into massive dogs. With this form, they function as very efficient trackers that have a
strong sense of smell.

Datu Talagbusao


The datu talagbusao is a Bukidnon god of war in the form of a warrior with big red eyes with a red garment.

Talagbusao is uncontrollable. He can enter a mortal warrior’s body and make him fight fiercely to avenge a misdeed, but he can also drive the warrior to insanity due to the gods excessive demand for the blood of pigs, chickens, or humans. The talagbusao in the world of Trese takes his place as the god of war, using his powers to manipulate the tides of battle.

Reprinted with permission from Philippine Spirits.


PHOTOS  COURTESY OF NETFLIX.

Five must-read materials for a crash course on Philippine mythology.

By ANRI ICHIMURA | ESQUIRE PH | Jun 8, 2021




With all of the genius promotional materials around Metro Manila—from the alleged aswang caught on tape vandalizing a billboard to manananggals flying over busy streets—there’s hardly a Filipino netizen that isn’t eagerly awaiting Trese’s premiere on Netflix on June 11.

The Filipino animated series will bring the beloved graphic novels of the same name to life, giving audiences a new and revamped way of experiencing the Philippine mythology and folklore that enrich our culture.

Philippine mythology can be complicated, but Esquire caught up with Budjette Tan, co-creator and writer of the Trese komiks, who shared his starter pack for novices of Philippine mythology. Here are five required reading materials that’ll fully initiate you into the world of Filipino folklore.


PHOTO BY SUMMIT BOOKS.

1| The Lost Journal of Alejandro Pardo: Creatures and Beasts of Philippine Folklore


Sometime after creating Trese, Tan created his own lexicon on Philippine mythological creatures with The Lost Journal of Alejandro Pardo: Creatures and Beasts of Philippine Folklore. It was also illustrated by Trese illustrator and co-creator Kaljo Baldisimo.

Similar in style to Harry Potter’s Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, each description of the creatures and monsters of Philippine mythology is accompanied with fascinating, if terrifying, illustrations. The Lost Journals is no longer in print, but it is available as an eBook on Summit Books’ flagship Lazada store.




PHOTO BY AMAZON.

2| The Works of Maximo Ramos


Even in death, Maximo Ramos remains a pillar in Filipino folklore literature. Tan shares Ramos is a great starting point for those who want a comprehensive education on Philippine literature. Some of his books include: Philippine Myths, Legends, and Folktales; Legends of the Lower Gods; The Creatures of Midnight; and The Aswang Complex in Philippine Folklore.

His works have been published worldwide, and there’s a good chance you’ll find some of his books on Philippine myths and legends in the Filipiniana section of your community or university library. If not, you can purchase his paperbacks on Amazon.




PHOTO BY ADARNA.

3| Mga Nilalang na Kagila-gilalas

Originally published as 101 Kagila-gilalas na Nilalang, the popular mythology book was reprinted as Mga Nilalang na Kagila-gilalas in 2019. Similar to The Lost Journal of Alejandro Pardo, this Adarna-published guide to Philippine mythology is written in Tagalog and features over 100 creatures, gods, goddesses, and monsters.

Mga Nilalang na Kagila-gilalas was written by Edgar Calabia Samar and is available on the Adarna House website.



PHOTO BY ANVIL.

4| Mga Tambay sa Tabi-Tabi

If you’re really struggling to keep up with the complicated pantheon of Philippine mythology, Tan recommends Mga Tambay sa Tabi-tabi: Creatures of Philippine Folklore written by Ang Illustrador ng Kabataan and published by Anvil.

It’s actually a Tagalog children’s book designed to introduce the myths of Filipino culture, but it’s a great crash course that’s easy to digest. The book appears to be out of print, but if you don’t mind preloved books, you can find a copy on Carousell or one of the many secondhand book shops on social media.


PHOTO BY THE ASWANG PROJECT


5| The Aswang Project

Last but not least is The Aswang Project, a comprehensive online resource that was created by Jordan Clark in 2006. The site includes articles and videos on creatures, legends, and cultures of Philippine mythology.

What started as an introductory website to Filipino folklore has since evolved into something far more advanced and detailed as it records the hundreds of regional creatures and myths across the Philippine archipelago. If we had to rank this, we’d say The Aswang Project is for more advanced acolytes of Philippine mythology. You can visit the website here

WATCH: Here's the Trese Creator's Starter Pack to Philippine Mythology


Think you’re ready for Trese now? The show drops on June 11, only on Netflix.

MORE FROM ESQUIREMAG.PH


AL GORE HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH IT
Got $1,000? The Original Source Code for the World Wide Web Is For Sale as an NFT

The auction is called “This Changed Everything.”

In 1989, British computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which since changed the world forever. Sotheby’s will be auctioning the original source code for the World Wide Web, which includes the original time stamped files, signed by Berners-Lee, as an NFT (non-fungible token).

The NFT will be offered in a standalone online auction titled ‘This Changed Everything.’ This will be the first historical artefact relating to this landmark moment ever to be sold, and is offered directly by Sir Tim Berners-Lee himself.

 
HE IS WORKING IN THE BASEMENT, BOILER ROOM


“Three decades ago, I created something which, with the subsequent help of a huge number of collaborators across the world, has been a powerful tool for humanity,” Berners-Lee said. “For me, the best bit about the web has been the spirit of collaboration. While I do not make predictions about the future, I sincerely hope its use, knowledge and potential will remain open and available to us all to continue to innovate, create and initiate the next technological transformation, that we cannot yet imagine.

“NFTs, be they artworks or a digital artefact like this, are the latest playful creations in this realm, and the most appropriate means of ownership that exists,” he added. “They are the ideal way to package the origins behind the web.”
What is an NFT?

An NFT is a special bit of Internet content and is considered a digital asset with a unique identity recorded in a database that allows its ownership to be tracked. It can be traded from person to person and comes in various forms, like JPEG, GIF or a video. In recent years, the value of NFTs have drastically increased in value as more and more collectors pay insanely huge amounts of amount to own them. They work similarly to cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Dogecoin.

Also read: What are NFTs?

Sotheby says that the NFT that’s up for sale is composed of four elements; the original time-stamped files containing the source code written by Berners-Lee; an animated visualization of the code; a letter written by Berners-Lee reflecting on the code and the process of creating it; as well as a digital “poster” of the full code created by Berners-Lee from the original files using Python, including a graphic of his physical signature; all digitally signed.




“Over the past several centuries humankind has seen a succession of paradigm shifts that have brought us forward into the modern era; Galileo’s proof of Heliocentricity, Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press, and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity to name but a few, but none has had the seismic impact on our daily lives as the creation of the World Wide Web,” said Cassandra Hatton, VP, global head of science & popular culture at Sotheby’s. “Sir Tim’s invention created a new world, democratizing the sharing of information, creating new ways of thinking and interacting, and staying connected to one another; it is hard to imagine our world without it, and even harder to imagine where it will bring us next. This unique and singular auction will celebrate Sir Tim’s groundbreaking achievement, in which collectors will finally have the opportunity, thanks to the NFT format, to own the ultimate digitally-born artefact.”

“The brainchild of one of the most important thinkers that the UK has ever produced, the web is a truly great British invention—one that has gone global in all senses of the word,” added Oliver Barker, Chairman of Sotheby’s Europe. “As a company that itself took its first steps in London, and is now making its mark all over the world, we at Sotheby’s could not be more proud to be part of a celebration of this defining moment three decades on.”
Who is Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Berners-Lee is considered one of the greatest innovators of the modern age. And the apple did not fall far from the tree. He grew up in a household of mathematicians and computer scientists—his parents worked on the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose digital computer.



PHOTO BY SOTHEBYS.


A graduate of Oxford University, Berners-Lee had always dreamed of creating a common information space in which everyone could communicate, resulting in the creation of the first web browser and the first website. He went on to make sure to preserve the free use of the World Wide Web on a global scale and is one of the greatest acts of philanthropy in recent history. After three decades, there are now over 1.7 billion websites being accessed by 4.6 billion people around the world, with children learning HTML in school to make their own webpages.

The sale is scheduled to open from June 23 to 30, with bidding starting at a very low $1,000. Proceeds of the sale will benefit initiatives that Sir Tim and Lady Berners-Lee support. Interest in cryptoart and other collectible pieces of history like the WWW Source Code in NFTs are becoming the hottest thing in the art and auction world. So it will not be that surprising if the sale ends up in the six or seven-digit mark.

Here’s a quick look on how much serious collectors are willing to spend for these one-off digital assets. Even the original NFT of YouTube’s most viewed home-made video was sold for $761,000 (about P36.6 million).

For more information about the auction, visit sothebys.com/WWW

Steve Hanke warns BTC could ‘completely collapse the economy’ of El Salvador

Steve Hanke slammed El Salvador’s Bitcoin adoption as legal tender and questioned how Bitcoin would function in day-to-day transactions.




Steve Hanke, a professor of applied economics at Johns Hopkins University, has warned that El Salvador’s recent adoption of Bitcoin (BTC) as legal tender has the potential to “completely collapse the economy.”

Steve Hanke served as a senior economist under President Ronald Reagan’s administration from 1981 to 1982. Hanke has previously described BTC as a speculative asset “with a fundamental value of zero,” and in April, the 78-year-old tweeted, “Cryptocurrencies are the future of money. Bitcoin is not.”

Speaking with streaming financial news provider Kitco News on Tuesday, the university professor noted that BTC hodlers from regions such as Russia and China could now target El Salvador to cash out their holdings — essentially draining the country of its United States dollars:

“It has the potential to completely collapse the economy because all the dollars in El Salvador could be vacuumed up, and there’d be no money in the country. They don’t have a domestic currency.”

During the interview, the economist described the elected representatives in El Salvador who voted in favor of president Nayib Bukele’s Bitcoin law as “in a word, stupid,” and questioned how BTC could function as a legal tender in day-to-day transactions, in a country where most citizens rely on cash.

“You’re not going to pay for your taxi ride with a Bitcoin. It’s ridiculous [...] You’ve got 70% of the people in El Salvador don’t even have bank accounts,” he said.

On Friday, JPMorgan echoed similar sentiments but in more measured language, with the firm stating in a client note that it was difficult to see any “tangible economic benefits associated with adopting Bitcoin as a second form of legal tender, and it may imperil negotiations with the IMF.”

The Central American Bank for Economic Integration doesn’t share this view, however, and stated yesterday that El Salvador’s adoption of BTC is innovative and “creates many spaces and opportunities.”

The multinational bank also revealed that it will be forming a technical advisory group to aid El Salvador in its transition to using Bitcoin as legal tender.

Hanke speculated that “dark forces are clearly behind this” in El Salvador, who want to use Bitcoin to get their hands on U.S. dollars.

Related: El Salvador reportedly weighing paying employees in Bitcoin

The economist also described remittances across borders in Bitcoin as “nonsensical,” as he thinks the asset will need to be converted instantly to dollars to be able to use it.

“If grandma is down in El Salvador is waiting for her remittances and you want to send Bitcoin like that, it’s fine, but what does she do? She has to go to the ATM to get dollars because that’s the only way you can buy something,” Hanke said. However, businesses in El Salvador will be mandated to accept Bitcoin.

An article in Foreign Policy by trenchant Bitcoin critic David Gerard, author of the book Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain, speculated that as El Salvador can’t print U.S. dollars, its adoption of BTC may be part of a move to source U.S. dollar liquidity from its citizens to pay back foreign debts.


Electricity-eating bacteria could help oceans absorb more carbon, study 

Isabella O'Malley 
WEATHER NETWORK

Embedded content: https://players.brightcove.net/1942203455001/B1CSR9sVf_default/index.html?videoId=6258239917001

Oceans are one of the biggest carbon sinks on Earth and their ability to capture carbon dioxide helps curb the impacts from the staggering levels of pollution that we release.

Carbon dioxide dissolves into the oceans as its concentration in the atmosphere increases. Despite the oceans’ seemingly endless expanse, the impacts from growing greenhouse gas emissions is causing oceans to become warmer and more acidic, which is harming marine life and aquatic biodiversity levels.

Experts are searching for solutions that can leverage nature’s abilities to remove carbon from the atmosphere, and researchers from Washington University in St. Louis have discovered a new behaviour in a common marine bacteria that could boost the amount of carbon dioxide that oceans are absorbing.

The bacteria (Rhodovulum sulfidophilum) were found in an estuary in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and the scientists observed them “eating” electricity, a process that researchers previously believed to only be conducted by freshwater bacteria.

© Provided by The Weather Network
The bacteria were found in the Trunk River estuary in Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
 (Sandra Brosnahan, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center/USGS)


“These microbes are fixing and sequestering carbon dioxide and they can both ‘eat’ electricity and perform photoferrotrophy,” Arpita Bose, assistant professor of biology at Washington University in St. Louis, said in the university’s press release.

Bose explains that these microbes use iron to conduct photosynthesis, a process that can only be done if the organisms have a source of carbon dioxide.

“Photoferrotrophs use soluble iron as an electron source for photosynthesis while fixing carbon dioxide. Marine environments are great places for them because they are rich in many things they need,” said Bose.

“We are interested in these microbes because of their role in carbon sequestration. Perhaps these microbes can be important for combating climate change.”

© Provided by The Weather Network
Microscopic images of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. (Bose Laboratory)

Fifteen different strains of the Rhodovulum sulfidophilum bacteria were found with the capability of consuming electricity and they are all capable of living in various marine ecosystems. The bacteria live in marine sediments, which the researchers’ study says is the “single largest ecosystem on Earth’s surface in spatial coverage.”

Given their ability to thrive in many different environments, the researchers say that they will continue studying the potential for using this bacteria in carbon storage, carbon capture, biotechnology, and other applications that could increase the oceans capacity and resilience as a carbon sink in a warming world.
STILL USING HYDROCRABONS
Cogeneration plant at Edmonton International Airport takes off

Nicole Bergot 

Edmonton International Airport (EIA) has powered up a new natural gas cogeneration power plant to cut carbon emissions and costs
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 Ed Kaiser The Edmonton International Airport on April 25, 2020.

The facility, under construction in 2019 and operational this spring, facilitates the capture of heat from electrical power generation, using it to warm water, which in turn heats the EIA terminal.

The plant is expected to cut the airport’s annual carbon emissions by roughly 20 per cent — or 7,000-8,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year, says a Tuesday EIA news release.



The facility is also expected to reduce EIA’s energy costs by roughly $800,000 per year.

Atco was the prime contractor for the $11-million project, located adjacent to the central utilities plant.


“Using natural gas, an abundant, affordable and clean energy source, makes CoGen a win-win solution that offers facilities an opportunity to decrease their environmental footprint through decreased GHG emissions and lower operational costs,” said Lance Radke, Atco vice president, customer experience and initiatives.

The Government of Alberta contributed $1.85 million towards construction.


“We couldn’t have done it without our partners, the Government of Alberta and ATCO, and we’re thankful for their support. Our company is committed to being carbon-neutral by 2040 under our commitment to the climate pledge and this new cogeneration facility goes a long way to helping us get closer to that goal by reducing our current emissions by 20 per cent,” said Tom Ruth, EIA president and CEO.
Amazon prioritized finding 'wicked smart' college grads for management roles over promoting hourly workers within the ranks, according to a new report

insider@insider.com (Allana Akhtar) 

© Helen H. Richardson/MediaNews Group/The Denver Post via Getty Images More than 75% of managers at Walmart stores in the US began as hourly workers, according to The New York Times. Helen H. Richardson/MediaNews Group/The Denver Post via Getty Images

Amazon kept hourly workers from getting promoted by seeking out new college grads to fill management roles, NYT reports.

By comparison, Walmart reportedly promotes hourly workers at roughly double the rate of Amazon.
Amazon has a minimum wage of $15 for all workers, a pay floor Walmart has not officially enacted.

Walmart - the country's largest private employer and Amazon's biggest competitor - promotes hourly employees to managers at roughly double the rate at Amazon, according to a new New York Times report.


More than 75% of managers at Walmart stores in the US began as hourly workers, the Times reported. Amazon, for example, last year promoted only about 220 of 5,000 employees at the JFK8 warehouse on Staten Island, according to the Times. It's part of a plan at Amazon to fill management roles with "wicked smart" college graduates, one former executive told the outlet.

David Niekerk, a former human resources vice president who stepped down in 2016, told The Times Amazon prevented hourly employees from achieving promotions by design, and said the firm's then-head of operations shot down a 2014 proposal to create more leadership roles for these workers.

The lengthy report examined how Amazon has kept business flowing amid a pandemic. One of the biggest revelations reported by the Times was how quickly Amazon burns through hourly employees, leaving some executives to fear that they may run out of new workers.

Before the pandemic, Amazon lost 3% of hourly workers each week, resulting in an annual turnover rate of 150%, according to documents reviewed by The Times.

 "Amazon touts new initiative in response to criticism over work conditions at warehouses"

In 2019, Walmart said its turnover rate for store employees is down 10% to the lowest level in five years. Across the industry, the National Retail Federation reported six out of every 10 employees has been promoted.

Amazon, which flourished during the COVID-19 pandemic as Americans spent more on e-commerce than in-store shopping, announced it would hire 75,000 people across US in Canada with a starting pay. of more than $17 and a signing bonus of up to $1,000. The retailer also increased pay by up to $3 an hour for 500,000 current workers.

Read more: Target is recovering from a sweeping back-end system failure, affecting everything from payroll software to call centers, just 2 years after its cash registers crashed around the globe

The online retailer repeatedly touts their $15 minimum wage - a benchmark Walmart has not officially set for its workforce yet. In a Bloomberg article published late last year, an Amazon spokesperson brought attention to the fact Walmart has "yet to join" Amazon in raising its minimum wage to $15.

Jeff Bezos envisions Amazon as "Earth's best employer and Earth's safest place to work" in his final letter to shareholders as chief executive. Bezos wrote he will renew his commitment to helping reduce work-related injuries and increase employee satisfaction as Executive Chair.

"If we want to be Earth's Best Employer, we shouldn't settle for 94% of employees saying they would recommend Amazon to a friend as a place to work," Bezos wrote in April. "We have to aim for 100%."

Walmart and Amazon were not immediately available for comment.
ABOLISH THIS LOUGHEED ERA CONSITUTIONAL MULLIGEN
Peter L. Biro: Section 33 has no place in a liberal democracy. It ought to be repealed

Special to National Post

Canada’s democracy has always been considered resilient and well immunized against the democratic backsliding that is occurring in other liberal democracies. Yet there is one feature of Canada’s Constitution that undermines this rather smug assessment: Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms — the infamous notwithstanding clause — which permits Parliament and the provincial legislatures to provisionally suspend the operation of the charter with respect to certain fundamental rights and freedoms

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© Provided by National Post The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

In recent weeks, we have seen two provincial premiers resort to the notwithstanding clause in order to insulate legislation from charter scrutiny. In Ontario, Premier Doug Ford’s Progressive Conservative government announced that it plans to invoke the notwithstanding clause in order to restore parts of the Protecting Ontario Elections Act that restricts third-party election advertising and that had been struck down by a judge for infringing freedom of expression.

And in Quebec, the Coalition Avenir Québec government of Premier François Legault has invoked the notwithstanding clause as part of Bill 96, which seeks to amend Canada’s Constitution to identify Quebec as a nation and make French its official and common language. In 2019, the Legault government also resorted to the notwithstanding clause when it passed Bill 21, An Act Respecting the Laicity of the State, which is intended to eradicate religious symbols in most of the public sector.

Back in 2018, Premier Ford introduced legislation cutting the size of Toronto’s city council in half, and announced that he would be prepared to invoke Section 33 in order to save the law in the event that it was found to violate the charter. In the face of public opposition, both Ford and his attorney general cavalierly defended the proposed use of Section 33 by touting their access to “all the tools in the toolbox.”

The willingness of our leaders to resort to the notwithstanding clause is cause for concern. Although the invocation of Section 33 does not offend the rule of law because the notwithstanding clause is, indeed, in the constitutional “toolbox,” it nevertheless poisons the liberal-democratic well from which free citizens draw their water.

Section 1 of the charter already anticipates that there will be circumstances in which rights and freedoms may lawfully be curtailed. But the courts have imposed a rigorous, multi-pronged test under Section 1 that requires the government to establish that the law or action responds to a matter of pressing and substantial concern, that its objective is rationally connected to the abridgement of a charter right, that the impairment of the right must be minimal and that there must be proportionality between the benefits of the law and the deleterious effects of the impairment.

With Section 33, however, governments are not required to satisfy a judge that any of these conditions are present. Except to the extent that a government’s purpose is articulated in legislative debate, the exercise of justifying the abridgement of constitutionally protected rights and freedoms can be dispensed with altogether when such an exercise risks producing an inconvenient or embarrassing result for the government.

The notwithstanding clause is the product of some heavy-handed, high-stakes bargaining amongst federal and provincial negotiators during the constitutional negotiations of 1981. The insistence by then-premiers Peter Lougheed, Allan Blakeney and Sterling Lyon on the inclusion of such a constitutional override clause was crucial in securing the requisite provincial support for the patriation package.

The principal justification for such an override was perhaps best articulated by constitutional law scholar Peter Russell: “A belief that there should be a parliamentary check on a fallible judiciary’s decisions on the metes and bounds of our fundamental rights and freedoms.” However, almost four decades after the inclusion of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in Canada’s Constitution, we have had the benefit of a rich and well-developed jurisprudence under Section 1.


It is high time we recognize that the escape hatch of Section 33 undermines Canada’s commitment to protecting civil liberties, erodes the legitimacy of our democracy, renders it vulnerable to democratic backsliding and compromises Canada’s credentials as a global champion of human rights and liberal-democratic values.

The problem is not that first ministers will be tempted to use all the tools in the constitutional “toolbox,” but that Section 33 is a dangerous and altogether unnecessary tool. It simply has no place in the constitutional toolbox of any mature and robust liberal democracy. It ought to be repealed.


Peter L. Biro is the founder of Section1.ca, a democracy and civics education advocacy organization, a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and chair emeritus of the Jane Goodall Institute, Global. He is a lawyer, business executive and the editor of “Constitutional Democracy Under Stress: A Time For Heroic Citizenship.”


US Jury deciding if immigration detainees must get minimum wage

SEATTLE (AP) — A federal jury is deciding whether one of the nation's biggest private prison companies must pay minimum wage — instead of $1 a day — to immigration detainees who perform tasks like cooking and cleaning at its jail in Washington state.
© Provided by The Canadian Press

Democratic Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson sued the Florida-based GEO Group in 2017, saying the company had unjustly profited by running the Northwest detention center in Tacoma on the backs of captive workers.


A separate lawsuit filed on behalf of detainees was also filed that year, seeking back pay. Tacoma-based U.S. District Judge Robert Bryan, who rejected several attempts by GEO to dismiss the lawsuits, consolidated the cases for trial, which he conducted via Zoom because of the pandemic.

“What GEO is doing to exploit captive detainee workers at the Northwest detention center is for real — and at a massive scale,” Assistant Attorney General Andrea Brenneke told the jury in closing arguments Tuesday. “GEO could easily pay detainee workers the minimum wage and still make millions of dollars in profits from the facility each year.”


GEO's response is that the detainees simply aren't employees. Even if they were, the company says, it would be unlawfully discriminatory for Washington to require GEO to pay them minimum wage — now $13.69 an hour — when the state doesn't pay minimum wage to inmates who work at its own prisons or other detention facilities.

In her closing argument, GEO attorney Joan Mell accused the state and detainee advocates of using the lawsuits to attack the immigration detention system. GEO has operated the detainee work program for more than a decade, and the state made no effort to get the company to pay the minimum wage until 2017, amid a flurry of lawsuits Ferguson filed against the Trump administration.

“If the plaintiffs can prove the Minimum Wage Act is – quote — applicable ... then they can reform immigration detention without ever having to go to Congress,” she said. “They’re taking a shortcut via the courthouse to get what they want.”

The Northwest detention center houses people who are in custody while the government seeks to deport them or reviews their immigration status. It can hold up to 1,575 detainees, making it one of the nation's largest immigration jails, though as of early this month its population was just 216, largely due to the pandemic.


U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which pays GEO to run the facility, requires the company to operate a “voluntary work program” to keep the detainees occupied. It requires them to be paid at least $1 per day for work that includes cleaning bathrooms, showers and industrial kitchens; washing and folding laundry; sweeping and buffing floors; preparing and serving food; and cutting hair.

Former detainees testified that they worked because they needed money to buy extra food or clothing at the commissary or to make phone calls to loved ones.


The shifts often last just an hour or two. GEO's own analysis said it that if detainees didn't do the work, it would need to hire 85 full-time workers from the community.


GEO's contract with ICE also requires it to comply with applicable state and local law — which, the state says, includes the Washington Minimum Wage Act.

Washington appears to be the only state suing a private detention contractor for not paying minimum wage to immigration detainees. But similar lawsuits have been brought on behalf of immigration detainees in other states, including New Mexico, Colorado and California, seeking to force GEO and another major private detention company, CoreCivic, to pay minimum wage to detainees there.

The Colorado and California cases are pending, but a federal judge rejected the lawsuit brought by former detainees of CoreCivic's Cibola detention center in New Mexico — a decision upheld by a federal appeals court panel in March.

“Persons in custodial detention—such as appellants—are not in an employer-employee relationship but in a detainer-detainee relationship,” the panel wrote.

That is the crux of GEO's argument in the Washington case. The company acknowledges it has the money to pay detainees the minimum wage if it wants. In 2018 GEO made $18.6 million in profits from the facility; it would have cost $3.4 million to pay the minimum wage to detainees.

Mell also pointed to provisions in GEO's contract with ICE that state that any employees GEO hires must have legal status in the U.S. Many of the detainees don't. “The contract spells it out: The detainees are not employees,” Mell said. “They can’t be.”

But the definition of “employee” in Washington's minimum wage law is extremely broad — it includes anyone who is permitted to work by an employer, without regard to immigration or legal work status. The law says residents of “a state, county, or municipal" detention facility are not entitled to minimum wage.

According to lawyers for the state and for the detainees, that exception doesn't cover a private, for-profit jail such as GEO's. Further, GEO oversaw the scheduling and performance of the work just as a typical employer does, they said.

If the jury finds that the minimum wage law applies to GEO, a second phase of the trial will be held to determine damages. Jurors did not reach a verdict Tuesday; they were to resume deliberations Wednesday.

In a separate effort, Washington is trying to close the detention center entirely. This spring Gov. Jay Inslee signed a law that would ban for-profit detention centers in the state. GEO has sued to block it.

Gene Johnson, The Associated Press