Tuesday, July 18, 2023













Finding False Comfort In Impermanence

It’s strange how a valuable truth from the ancient East is being used to escape from a disturbing truth about the destructiveness of the modern West.

I’m referring to one of the essential principles of Buddhism – “impermanence” – and how it has been bastardized to provide psychological distance and emotional comfort from the West’s globalized capitalism that is decimating the earth.

I don’t know how many times I’ve heard purportedly awakened people in America and beyond repeat a party line about the climate crisis or the man-made Sixth Extinction. For example, “Nothing is permanent; even the sun will die one day.” Or, “99% of species that have existed on earth have gone extinct; it’s the natural order of things.”

The fact that the sun will engulf the earth before becoming a dead dwarf star in four billion years does not make it acceptable to quit caring about the earth and humanity. The fact that 99% of species that have inhabited this planet before man no longer exist does not make it tolerable for a species that calls itself Homo sapiens (“wise humans”) to be bringing about the sixth mass extinction in the hundreds of millions of years of complex life on earth.

Extolling Anthropocene anthropocentrism to the point of indulging in a reductio ad absurdum, some philosophers are saying things like, “Without the good will of the human, the non-human is doomed. Without the good will of the human, the polar bear is doomed. Without the good will of the human, the sh in the sea are doomed.”

Their reasoning goes like this: “The human and the non-human, which are opposed in a basic way, are also identied in a relation of dependence. And their opposition and interdependence presupposes a common ground, which is neither opposed to either of them nor dependent upon either of them. This common ground is nature. We are as much of nature as they are.”

This is the worst example of circular logic I’ve ever heard. The purported philosopher is saying, ‘now that humans are a force of destruction as great as a huge asteroid, nature needs us to survive on this planet.’ It doesn’t help that he also says that man’s devastating impact on the earth and its creatures also confirms our dependence on nature for our survival, in some kind of kabuki death dance.

It’s true that man is of nature, but it’s not true that man is part of nature. That’s our conundrum to resolve at the spiritual and philosophical level. It’s a tough nut, since human alienation on the earth is as old as human consciousness, which is to say, as old as the emergence of ‘higher thought’ 100,000 or more years ago.

Now the thought machines we are creating in our own image are on the verge of overtaking human cognitive capabilities. And the likes of Elon Musk, rushing to fill the vacuum of man’s self-ignorance with his own monumental personal ignorance, believe AI will rescue us from ourselves.

Musk has started a new company called xAI, which will have artificial general intelligence and become “more intelligent than humans.” This AI, he believes, will “understand the true nature of the universe” and explain to us humanity’s place in the cosmos. It’s risible, but no one is laughing.

Clearly, without a psychological revolution that changes the basic course of humankind, man will continue to decimate the earth and render human consciousness the dark and dead thing it has become in direct proportion. However there can be no psychological revolution by comforting ourselves with a bastardization of the truth that everything is impermanent.

What’s missing in both the perversion of Eastern insight, and the updated, twisted logic of humanism, are urgency in the face of the human crisis, and an adequate philosophical insight into how one creature could evolve out of the wholeness of nature and be so detrimental to nature as a whole.

The very destructiveness of man is proof of the spiritual potential of the human being. We demean ourselves as human beings by denying our capacity to meet man’s self-made crisis by taking false refuge in ideas of impermanence.

The supposed cosmic insignificance of Homo sapiens is being intellectually driven by the fact of that a single creature has overrun and made a monumental mess of the planet that gave rise to it. Looking deeper however, man’s decimation of such a beautiful planet as earth attests to the insight that something much larger is happening with the emergence of consciousness than dogmatic materialists would have you believe.

We needed symbolic thought to survive and usher in a new level of consciousness on earth. But that consciousness, in fragmenting the earth and ourselves to the breaking point, now has to be surpassed by a higher level of consciousness. This consciousness does not restore and return us to the animal state, but rather transcends the paltry, petty state of human consciousness at present and provides for human flourishing into the future.

Just as there is no such thing as permanence, there is no such thing as perfection. However rare enlightenment is in a human being, imperfection still exists in the illumined person. To insist on an all or nothing perfection in mystical experiencing is equivalent to clinging to man’s juvenile desire for permanence.

The temporariness of mystical union, with its timeless states of being, does not make it fake and false, much less a lie. It is the direction we are headed as individuals and the human race, if we’re headed in any direction except a downward spiral.

Martin LeFevre

Ancient artefacts unearthed in Louisiana forest

July 19, 2023


VERNON PARISH, LOUISIANA (AP) – Long buried under the woods of west central Louisiana, stone tools, spear points and other evidence of people living in the area as long as 12,000 years ago have become more exposed and vulnerable, due to hurricanes, flooding and looters.

This summer, archaeologists have been gingerly digging up the ground at the Vernon Parish site in the Kisatchie National Forest.

They have been sifting through dirt to unearth and preserve the evidence of prehistoric occupation of the area.

“The site appears to have been continuously occupied throughout prehistory, as evidenced by a wide range of stone tools and pottery dating to each Native American cultural era up to European contact,” the United States Forest Service said in an news release.

The site was found by surveyors in 2003, according to the Forest Service.

After hurricanes Laura and Delta uprooted trees, disturbing and exposing some of the artefacts, Kisatchie National Forest officials used hurricane relief money to begin salvage excavations to learn more about the site, and to preserve it.

“Between the looting and the hurricane damage we were really in danger of losing this site over time,” Forest Service archaeologist Matthew Helmer said during a media tour of the site in June.

Helmer, walked amid areas already excavated, pointing to changes in soil colour and texture that, like the crude artefacts being excavated, can give clues as researchers work to determine facts about the people who occupied the area at different times over the millennia.

“We’re really writing the history of these peoples that lived prior to 1492, all the way back 10,000-plus years,” said Helmer.

It’s a welcome opportunity for Professor of Archaeology at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and Director of the Louisiana Public Archaeology Laboratory, Mark Rees.

Still, Rees laments that the work is hampered by people who have made unauthorised digs and made off with material from the site.

“It’s like walking into the archive and finding a book that’s so rare it’s one of a kind and it predates writing itself, it’s like tearing a page out of that book and walking off with it,” said Rees.


Canada port strike resumes after union members reject wage agreement

By Nia Williams
July 18, 2023

A commuter Seabus passes idle shipping cranes towering over stacked containers during a strike by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union Canada (ILWU) at Canada's busiest port of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 11, 2023. 
REUTERS/Chris Helgren/File Photo

July 18 (Reuters) - Dock workers at ports along Canada's Pacific coast rejected a tentative four-year wage deal agreed with their employers last week and returned to the picket line, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) said on Tuesday.

The ILWU represents some 7,500 dock workers, who walked off the job on July 1 after failing to reach a new work contract with the British Columbia Maritime Employers Association (BCMEA), which represents the companies involved.

In a statement released Tuesday afternoon, the ILWU said its members had voted down the recommended terms of settlement because they did not believe the terms would protect their jobs.

"With the record profits that the BCMEA's member companies have earned over the last few years the employers have not addressed the cost of living issues that our workers have faced over the last couple of years as all workers have," the ILWU said in its statement.

The 13-day strike, which ended last Thursday, upended operations at two of Canada's three busiest ports, the Port of Vancouver and the Port of Prince Rupert, which are key gateways for exporting the country's natural resources and commodities and bringing in raw materials.

A strike resumption could trigger more supply-chain disruptions and risk worsening inflation.

Federal government mediators helped negotiate the deal reached last week. The office of Canada's federal labor minister, Seamus O'Regan, did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Tuesday.

Pierre Poilievre, leader of Canada's opposition Conservative Party, criticized O'Regan for failing to solve the dispute.

"He claimed he'd gotten a deal to end the strike. Now it's back on with massive costs to consumers, workers and business," Poilievre said on Twitter.

Reporting by Nia Williams in British Columbia; Editing by Sandra Maler and Leslie Adler
Peru's mining zones back protests, which Boluarte calls 'threat to democracy'

By Marco Aquino
July 18, 2023

Demonstrators participate in a march called by Peru's General Workers Union against President Dina Boluarte's administration, in Lima, Peru, March 9, 2023. REUTERS/Alessandro Cinque/File Photo


LIMA, July 18 (Reuters) - Residents of Peru's key mining areas are expected to support protests due to kick off this week against the government of President Dina Boluarte, who on Tuesday denounced the planned demonstrations as a "threat to democracy."

Communities along the main mining corridor in Peru - the world's No. 2 copper producer - have voiced their backing for the protests, which begin Wednesday, NGO leaders said.

Mining output was heavily impacted in January and February during an earlier round of protests following the ouster of former President Pedro Castillo, who was arrested after illegally attempting to dissolve Congress.

"We know some delegations (from mining communities) are going to arrive (in Lima), and they will also mobilize in their communities like at the beginning of the year," said Jose de Echave, head of environmental NGO CooperAccion, which monitors mining conflicts.

The mining corridor, which crosses poor, largely Indigenous communities in Peru's south, transports copper from mines such as MMG Ltd's (1208.HK) Las Bambas, Glencore's (GLEN.L) Antapaccay and Hudbay's (HBM.TO) Constancia.

'VIOLENCE NOT ALLOWED'

Peru's government has warned that authorities will react to protests, called by unions and left-wing groups, with "legitimate use of force."

The initial round of protests were Peru's deadliest in decades, with human rights groups denouncing "extrajudicial killings" by security forces.

The protests call for Castillo's release, Boluarte's resignation, the closure of Peru's unpopular Congress and a new constitution. Boluarte said in a speech on Tuesday that the government is "not able to resolve" such demands.

Boluarte added that the protests represent "a threat to democracy" and that "acts of violence are not going to be allowed."

Her government has placed the military along the mining corridor and enacted states of emergency suspending constitutional rights such as freedom of assembly and freedom of movement as a way of blocking the protests, de Echave said.

Economy Minister Alex Contreras also said on Tuesday that maintaining the peace was key for Peru's economy.

Organizers of the demonstrations, which have been dubbed "the third takeover of Lima," have said protesters are largely coming from Peru's poorer south, rather than the more economically prosperous capital.

Editing by Daniel Wallis

Women's World Cup set for lift-off with interest at all-time high

The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup will feature an expanded field of 32 teams for the first time in the tournament's history. | REUTERS


BY ANDY SCOTT
AFP-JIJI
Jul 18, 2023

AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND – The first 32-team FIFA Women's World Cup kicks off in Australia and New Zealand on Thursday, with the United States favored to win an unprecedented third consecutive title in a landmark month for women's soccer.

It has been a rapid expansion for a tournament that started in 1991 and featured only 16 teams as recently as 2011, then 24 in France four years ago when the U.S. women retained the trophy.

That reflects a dramatic rise in interest in women's soccer over the last decade beyond its traditional heartland of the United States, and a swarm of European sides will be aiming to snatch their title.

Australia's Matildas, led by prolific Chelsea forward Sam Kerr, will hope to make the most of their home advantage and go all the way to the final in Sydney on Aug. 20.

This World Cup is not just bigger in terms of the number of competing nations.

FIFA has tripled the prize money compared with 2019 and the total pot, which also covers compensation for clubs releasing players, is up from $50 million four years ago to $152 million.

It is a vast hike on the $15 million offered in 2015, and confirmation that it is a boom time for women's soccer.

Big crowds at club and international matches, particularly in Europe, are more evidence that the game is at an all-time high.

TV blackout averted


Nevertheless, the prize pot still pales in comparison with the $440 million dished out at the 2022 men's World Cup in Qatar.

Meanwhile, a standoff over the sale of broadcast rights in the biggest European countries — Germany, the U.K., France, Italy and Spain — was only resolved last month.

The threat of a TV blackout was averted late in the day after FIFA president Gianni Infantino had openly criticized the amount of money being offered by broadcasters.
Australia captain Sam Kerr will be tasked with leading the cohost to the Aug. 20 final in Sydney.
 | AFP-JIJI

"FIFA is stepping up not just with words but with actions. Unfortunately, this is not the case of everyone across the industry. Broadcasters and sponsors have to do more in this respect," Infantino said in March, adding that global soccer's governing body was receiving offers amounting to just 1% of what was being paid for the men's tournament.

In Japan, a deal to avoid a blackout was only reached last week.

"It is actually terrible business if you are not tuning in," said Megan Rapinoe, the veteran superstar of the U.S. team and a cultural icon who transcends the sport. "You are missing out on a large cultural moment. This is the premier women's sporting event in the world bar none and this is a paradigm shift globally, not just in the U.S."

It will be the 38-year-old's last World Cup after she announced she plans to retire at the end of this season.

Knee-injury plague

Rapinoe was one of the U.S. stars who led their fight for equal pay, resulting in a landmark collective-bargaining deal last year, meaning the country's men and women would evenly share World Cup prize money paid by FIFA.

The buildup to this tournament also saw Canada's national team, the 2020 Tokyo Olympic champion, threaten to strike in a row over pay, funding and contractual issues.

Meanwhile, France players rebelled over conditions in their national team setup, and a change of coach followed.

That meant some of France's top names would be at the tournament after all, having threatened to pull out, but the World Cup will still be marred by the absence of numerous leading players because of serious knee injuries.

England captain Leah Williamson and star striker Beth Mead have been ruled out, as have prolific Dutch forward Vivianne Miedema, French forwards Delphine Cascarino and Marie-Antoinette Katoto, and American duo Catarina Macario and Mallory Swanson.

Spain's Alexia Putellas, the reigning Ballon d'Or winner, will be there, fit again after spending nine months out with an anterior cruciate ligament injury.
England leads charge

Together with Australia, European sides will be the chief threat to a U.S. team bidding to become the first to win three Women's World Cups in a row.

European champion England will lead the charge, together with Spain, Germany, Sweden and 2019 runner-up the Netherlands.

U.S. star Megan Rapinoe will be appearing in her final Women’s World Cup before retiring at the end of this season. | AFP-JIJI

"The expectations are really high and yes, we have a dream," England coach Sarina Wiegman said.

England will play its first game against Haiti — one of a raft of World Cup debutants — in Brisbane on July 22, while the U.S. begins its trophy defense the same day against another debutant in Vietnam.

The tournament kicks off Thursday with New Zealand facing the Norway of 2018 Ballon d'Or winner Ada Hegerberg in Auckland, and Australia playing Ireland in front of a sellout crowd of more than 80,000 in Sydney.

Australia call out FIFA over Women's World Cup prize money but are 'taking positives'


The Australian women's team say they are 'taking the positives' from the situation after they slammed FIFA over equal prize money for the Women's World Cup


Cameron Winstanley 
18 JUL 2023
The Matildas have called out FIFA over equal World Cup prize money (Image: Getty Images)


Australia Women’s team are ‘taking the positives’ after they called out FIFA over equal pay for the Women’s World Cup prize money.

The Matildas previously released a video just four days before their opening World Cup fixture against the Republic of Ireland calling on FIFA and football bodies to continue to invest in the women’s game and ensure the tournament continues to leave behind a legacy.

Australia and New Zealand will co-host this summer’s World Cup which kicks off on Thursday with New Zealand playing Norway and Australia taking on Ireland.

But the build-up to their home tournament from the Aussies has been dominated by calls for equal prize money between the men and women’s World Cups

READ MORE: Women's World Cup warm-up match abandoned after 20 mins for being 'overly physical'

The total prize money for this year’s Women’s World Cup is £84.1million, a 300% increase from the 2019 edition, but it still remains substantially lower than the £336.4million pot for the men’s tournament in Qatar.

While still far behind the men’s prize money, The Matildas have acknowledged the positive steps made over the past four years.


Alanna Kennedy claims The Matildas are 'taking the positives' from equal prize money row 
(Image: Sky Sports News)

During their press conference ahead of the Ireland clash, Manchester City’s Alanna Kennedy said: “I mean the argument is fair in some cases, but I think for us it’s just trying to shed a light on the positive side and how we can continue to elevate our voice and the talent that we have and have people support it.

“You’ll always get the ‘No one’s watching women’s football,’ those things are just water off a duck’s back

Chelsea's Sam Kerr will star for Australia at the World Cup 
(Image: Future Publishing via Getty Imag)

“For us, it’s not true, we’ve sold out our game and there’s so many people coming to watch. You always have to take the positives out of it rather than look at it from a negative lens.”

FIFA have previously pledged to equalise World Cup prize money for both tournaments by the next Women’s World Cup in 2027.

The 2023 tournament is also the first time that women’s national teams have been given dedicated training bases, with FIFA mandating that all players will receive a minimum amount of money, resources and conditions throughout the tournament.
James Webb telescope reveals 3 possible 'dark stars' — galaxy-sized objects powered by invisible dark matter

By Robert Lea published about 3 hours ago

Three early galaxies discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope could actually be titanic stars powered by a dark matter heart.


Three objects seen by the JWST in December 2022 and identified as galaxies may actually be huge stars powered by dark matter (Image credit: NASA/ ESA)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may have found evidence of a strange and elusive type of star that only existed in the very early universe, when invisible dark matter was one of the only available fuel sources.

New research suggests that three of the earliest objects identified as galaxies by the JWST aren't galaxies at all, but rather "dark stars" — immense, ultrabright hypothetical objects that are powered by dark matter rather than nuclear fusion. If the theory is correct, then this could finally help scientists better understand dark matter, the universe's most mysterious component.

Related: James Webb telescope discovers the 4 oldest galaxies in the universe

"These things are atomic matter that is powered by dark matter, and one supermassive dark star could be as bright as an entire galaxy containing normal fusion-powered stars," astrophysicist Katherine Freese, an astrophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin and lead author of a new study published July 11 in  the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, told Live Science.

Explosive annihilation


A map of gas and dark matter in a merging galaxy, with blue and green light indicating a gravitationally massive heart of dark matter at the galaxy's center.
(Image credit: NASA Goddard)

According to theory, dark stars are enormous in comparison to "ordinary" stars that exist in the universe today, like the sun. Dark stars are hypothesized to have widths hundreds of times greater than the sun's. These stars, composed mostly of hydrogen and some helium, existed in protogalaxies when the universe contained mostly those two elements; heavier elements hadn't yet been forged by nuclear fusion in stars. However, about one thousandth of a dark star’s mass would be made of a secret fuel source  —  dark matter.


Dark matter, which is all but invisible because it doesn't interact with light, makes up an estimated 85% of the matter in the universe. Theory suggests that when two dark matter particles collide, they may "annihilate" each other, turning their combined mass into a shower of energetic gamma-ray radiation.

"If dark matter is self-annihilating, then the annihilation products could get stuck inside this hydrogen cloud,” that makes up dark stars, Freese said. “And what that means is you're taking all of the energy that used to be in the mass of the dark matter and dumping it into this cloud," Feese said.

Freese added that while "everyday" stars depend on high temperatures, dark matter annihilation could occur at any temperature.

"Dark matter annihilation doesn't care about the temperature," Freese said. "So you have dark matter annihilation throughout the entire [width] of the dark star. And the surface temperature is relatively cool. Because of that, there's no ionizing photons or other stuff coming off preventing the accretion of more matter."

In contrast, when normal stars have acquired enough mass to start nuclear fusion, the radiation that they pump out pushes away the gas envelope that surrounds them, preventing them from accreting more matter and thus growing further.

This means that, while dark stars may start out with a mass about the same as the sun, the objects can accrete more and more matter, growing to be a million times as massive as the sun, and a billion times as bright, Freese added.
Dark star, or ancient galaxy?

Given their huge size, dark stars would appear as more spread-out objects rather than as point-like objects, like modern-day stars. This is how three ancient objects detected by the JWST — namedJADES-GS-z13–0, JADES-GS-z12–0, and JADES-GS-z11–0 — could have been misidentified as galaxies, according to the new research. These candidate dark stars date to between 320 million and to 420 million years after the Big Bang.

But, the dark matter annihilation process can't continue forever. Dark stars sit in the dark-matter-rich centers of protogalaxies, which merge together continuously to form proper galaxies, and eventually, this moves dark stars away from their dark matter fuel.

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"As dark stars get displaced from the dark-matter-rich center, the dark stars start collapsing," Freese explained. "This will trigger fusion in the smaller ones, creating ordinary fusion-powered stars [which are all created from collapsing clouds of gas]. The bigger ones will collapse immediately into black holes."

This means that dark stars don't exist in the universe today, Freese added. However, it’s difficult to pinpoint exactly when in the 13.8-billion-year history of the universe that dark stars would have ceased to be.

Confirming the existence of dark stars via these JWST observations would be huge, but Freese pointed out that she and the team aren't quite there yet. This confirmation would require either looking at these candidate dark stars for much longer to build a more complete picture of their light output, or waiting for magnified observations that better reveal the light emissions of these objects, which could allow scientists to identify whether the objects have pure hydrogen and helium compositions, as would be expected from dark stars.

"The dark star idea has been hanging in there for many years, and it would be extremely exciting to me to have this proven correct," Freese concluded.

Amazing fossil hints mammals hunted dinosaurs three times their size

A small mammal from the Cretaceous Period appears to have been preserved by volcanic debris while attacking a dinosaur three times its size


By Chen Ly
18 July 2023


Illustration showing the mammal Repenomamus robustus attacking the dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis

Michael Skrepnick

Small mammals that lived around 125 million years ago may have preyed on dinosaurs three times their size, a strange fossil unearthed in China suggests.

A handful of fossils from China have shown that mammals from the Cretaceous Period, such as the carnivores Repenomamus giganticus and Repenomamus robustus, may have dined on infant dinosaurs and scavenged dinosaur carcasses.

Now, Jordan Mallon at the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa and his colleagues have described the first fossil that appears to show the cat-sized R. robustus actively hunting a much larger dinosaur.

The fossil, which was discovered in the Lujiatun fossil beds in Liaoning province in China, captures the moment that the mammal seemingly took on Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis, a plant-eating, bipedal, beaked dinosaur – just before the two were buried by debris during a volcanic eruption.



Fossil showing the entangled skeletons of Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis and Repenomamus robustus
Gang Han

The intertwined skeletons show the mammal with its front paws grasping the dinosaur’s mouth, its jaw clamped down on its ribs and their hindlimbs entangled.

Mammals may have hunted down dinosaurs for dinner, rare fossil suggests







This image provided by the Canadian Museum of Nature shows entangled dinosaur and mammal skeletons. The scale bar equals 10 cm. The unusual fossil from China suggests some early mammals may have hunted down dinosaur meat for dinner. The fossil shows a badger-like creature chomping down on a beaky dinosaur three times its size. The research published on Tuesday, July 18, 2023, adds to growing evidence that even when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, some mammals were biting back.
 (Gang Han/Canadian Museum of Nature via AP)

NEW YORK – An unusual find in China suggests some early mammals may have hunted dinosaur for dinner.

The fossil shows a badgerlike creature chomping down on a small, beaked dinosaur, their skeletons intertwined. The find comes from a site known as “China’s Pompeii,” where mud and debris from long-ago volcanoes buried creatures in their tracks.

“It does seem like this is a prehistoric hunt, captured in stone, like a freeze frame,” University of Edinburgh paleontologist Steve Brusatte, who was not involved with the study, said in an email.

The fossil, described Tuesday in the journal Scientific Reports, shows two creatures from around 125 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period.

Even though the mammal is much smaller, researchers think it was attacking the dinosaur when they both got caught in the volcanic flow, said study author Jordan Mallon, a paleobiologist at the Canadian Museum of Nature. The mammal is perched on the dinosaur, its paws gripping the reptile's jaw and a hind limb while its teeth plunge into the ribcage.

“I’ve never seen a fossil like this before," Mallon said.

That mammals ate dinosaur meat had been proposed before: another fossil showed a mammal died with dinosaur remains in its gut. But the new find also suggests that mammals may have actually preyed on dinosaurs several times their size, and didn’t just scavenge ones that were already dead, Mallon said.

“This turns the old story on its head,” Brusatte said. “We’re used to thinking of the Age of Dinosaurs as a time when dinosaurs ruled the world, and the tiny mammals cowered in the shadows."

The study authors acknowledged that there have been some fossil forgeries known from this part of the world, which Mallon said was a concern when they started their research. But after doing their own preparations of the skeletons and analyzing the rock samples, he said they were confident that the fossil — which was found by a farmer in 2012 — was genuine, and would welcome other scientists to study the fossil as well.

The mammal in the fossil duo is the meat-eating Repenomamus robustus, about the size of a house cat, Mallon said. The dinosaur — Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis — was about as big as a medium-sized dog with a parrotlike beak.

This species was a plant eater, but other dinosaurs were meat eaters or ate both. In the end, dinosaurs were probably still eating mammals more often than the other way around, Mallon said.

“And yet we now know that the mammals were able to fight back, at least at times," he said.
___

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
UN Secretary General embraces calls for a new UN agency on AI in the face of ‘potentially catastrophic and existential risks’

By Brian Fung, CNN
Updated  Tue July 18, 2023

CNN —

The United Nations should create a new international body to help govern the use of artificial intelligence as the technology increasingly reveals its potential risks and benefits, according to UN Secretary-General António Guterres.

The UN has an opportunity to set globally agreed-upon rules of the road for monitoring and regulating AI, Guterres said Tuesday at a first-ever meeting of the UN Security Council devoted to AI governance.

Just as the UN convened similar bodies to manage the use of nuclear energy, boost aviation safety and meet the challenges of climate change, Guterres said, the UN has a unique role to play in coordinating the international response to AI.

Already, the UN has been deploying artificial intelligence in its own operations to monitor ceasefires and identify patterns of violence, he added, and UN peacekeeping and humanitarian operations are also being targeted by hostile actors using AI for malicious purposes, “causing great human suffering.”

“The malicious use of AI systems for terrorist, criminal or state purposes could cause horrific levels of deaths and destruction, widespread trauma and deep psychological damage on an unimaginable scale,” Guterres warned. “Generative AI has enormous potential for good and evil at scale. Its creators themselves have warned that much bigger, potentially catastrophic and existential risks lie ahead. Without action to address these risks, we are derelict in our responsibilities to present and future generations.”

By 2026, the UN should develop a legally binding agreement banning the use of AI in completely automated weapons of war, Guterres said. He also pledged to bring together an advisory council that will develop proposals for regulating AI more broadly by the end of the year, and teased a forthcoming policy brief with recommendations for governments on how to approach the technology responsibly.

Leading Tuesday’s meeting was UK Foreign Secretary James Cleverly, who called for international governance of AI to be tied to principles upholding freedom and democracy; respect for human rights and the rule of law; security, including physical security as well as the protection of property rights and privacy; and trustworthiness.

“We are here today because AI will affect the work of this council,” Cleverly said. “It could enhance or disrupt global strategic stability. It challenges our fundamental assumptions about defense and deterrence. It poses moral questions about accountability for lethal decisions on the battlefield…. AI could aid the reckless quest for weapons of mass destruction by state and non-state actors alike. But it could also help us stop proliferation.”
Tensions with China on display

The Chinese government, meanwhile, argued that UN rules should reflect the views of developing countries as it seeks to prevent the technology from becoming “a runaway wild horse.”

International laws and norms around AI should be flexible to give countries the freedom to establish their own national-level regulations, said Chinese Ambassador Zhang Jun, who also blasted unnamed “developed countries” for trying to achieve dominance in AI.

“Certain developed countries, in order to seek technological hegemony, make efforts to build their exclusive small clubs and maliciously obstruct the technological development of other countries and artificially create technological barriers,” Zhang said. “China firmly opposes these behaviors.”

Zhang’s remarks come on the heels of reports that the US government may seek to limit the flow of powerful artificial intelligence chips to China.

An official representing the United States at the meeting did not directly address the Chinese government’s accusations but added that “no member state should use AI to censor, constrain, repress or disempower people” — a possible veiled reference to China’s use of technology to surveil ethnic minorities.
Tech industry weighs in

The meeting also included some voices from the tech industry.

Addressing the security council via teleconference, Jack Clark, the co-founder of the AI company Anthropic, urged member states not to allow private companies to dominate the development of artificial intelligence.

“We cannot leave the development of artificial intelligence solely to private sector actors,” Clark said. “The governments of the world must come together to develop safe capacity and make further development of powerful AI systems a shared endeavor across all parts of society, rather than one dictated solely by a small number of firms competing with one another in the marketplace.”
Target workers can now wear shorts

By Nathaniel Meyersohn, CNN
Published  Tue July 18, 2023
New York 

CNN —

Target has changed its dress code to allow more of its approximately 440,000 US-based workers to wear shorts as extreme heat makes retail and other jobs harder.

It’s one small way companies are adjusting to the brutal new reality of climate change. In the United States, millions of people in the Southwest and South face dangerously high temperatures. Some places, such as Texas and Arizona, have experienced a weeks-long heat wave.

Previously, Target allowed employees who worked outdoors to wear shorts.

The company recently changed its policy to allow the majority of store workers to wear shorts. (Target did not say which workers could not wear shorts.)

Target’s uniform standards ask employees to wear solid color pants, capris, skirts or shorts in good condition.

Target says it has other policies for employees who work in extreme heat, including frequent water and rest breaks.

Under the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, employers are responsible for providing workplaces free of known safety and health hazards, including protecting workers from heat-related hazards.

A 2021 NPR analysis of federal data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics found the three-year average of worker heat deaths has doubled since the early 1990s


Jaguar Land Rover expected to build a new electric battery ‘giga-factory’ in Somerset

Tuesday 18 July 2023 
Thousands of new jobs will be created by the expected development in Somerset.
Credit: PA


Car giant Jaguar Land Rover is expected to announce plans to build a new electric battery ‘giga-factory’ in Somerset.

Thousands of new jobs will be created by the expected development.

The car firm’s owners Tata is set to confirm the news on Wednesday after weeks of speculation.

Jonathan Reynolds, shadow business secretary, said: “Labour welcomes any investment in British jobs and industry and decisions like these vindicate Labour’s advocacy of an industrial strategy in place of scattergun announcements.

“In spite of the Government’s cack-handed approach to industry and our economy this shows the strength of the UK automotive industry

“Labour has been clear the public and private sector working together is the only way we can transition industry to keep the jobs of the future on our shores for decades to come.

“That’s why a Labour Government will go further with a proper industrial strategy, investing in eight gigafactories and delivering clean energy by 2030.

“Our plans for the car industry will deliver 80,000 additional jobs and billions in economic growth ensuring announcements like this aren’t a one-off but the basis for a growing economy with good jobs in our industrial heartlands.”