CRIMINAL CAPITALI$M
Cormark Securities Inc. and ITG Canada Corp. to pay $1 million to settle SEC charges

TORONTO — The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission says Canadian broker-dealers Cormark Securities Inc. and ITG Canada Corp. have agreed to pay a total of US$1 million to settle charges of improper trading procedures.

© Provided by The Canadian Press

According to the regulator, the two firms provided incorrect order-marking information in a period from August 2016 through October 2017 that caused more than 200 sale orders from a single hedge fund, representing total sales of more than US$660 million, to be mismarked as "long" in violation of SEC regulations.


By definition, “long” means the seller actually owns the stock they are selling, as opposed to a “short” if the seller is borrowing stock to sell.

The SEC says that because the hedge fund's sale orders were, in fact, short sales, the incorrect order-marking caused the executing broker to violate regulations by failing to borrow or locate the shares prior to effecting those short sales.

It says that Cormark and ITG Canada, without admitting or denying the findings, have each agreed to stop current and future similar violations.

In addition, it says Cormark has agreed to pay a penalty of US$800,000, and ITG Canada has agreed to pay a penalty of US$200,000.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 23, 2020.

The Canadian Press

Magna to form joint venture with LG Electronics to build electric car components

Shares of auto parts manufacturer Magna International Inc. hit an all-time high on Wednesday after the company announced a deal with LG Electronics to create a joint venture to build components for electric cars

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© Provided by The Canadian Press

The new venture, which will manufacture electric motors, inverters and on-board chargers, signifies an ambitious expansion by Magna into the fast-growing electric vehicle market.

"This partnership fully aligns with our strategy of being at the forefront of electrification and supporting automakers with a diverse and world-class portfolio," Magna president and incoming CEO Swamy Kotagiri said in a statement.

Shares in the Aurora, Ont.-based company closed up $7.29 or 8.51 per cent at $92.96 on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Magna says the deal combines its strength in electric powertrain systems and manufacturing with LG’s expertise in component development for e-motors and inverters.

The joint venture tentatively has been called LG Magna e-Powertrain.

Magna and LG’s announcement follows other efforts to expand into the market for electric vehicle components by Magna. In 2018, the company announced two joint ventures with Chinese companies to engineer and build electric vehicles.

The joint venture's establishment comes as electric vehicles gain in popularity. Electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors Inc.’s stock is up roughly 650 per cent since the start of this year, signalling exuberance from investors about the market.

Other large automakers such as General Motors have moved rapidly to develop electric vehicles. Both Ford Motor and Fiat Chrysler announced this fall that they are moving toward electric vehicle production at some of their Canadian plants.

That push led to increased investment in electric vehicle technology in recent years, including among Magna’s competitors. Canadian auto parts supplier Linamar Corp. said in 2018 that it would spend $500 million investing in new technologies for electric vehicles, such as artificial intelligence and next-generation transmission systems.

Martinrea International Inc., another Canadian automotive parts manufacturer, has also invested in producing components for electric vehicles. In an investor presentation this year, the company said it was projecting that in five years, nearly one quarter of the automobile market will be made up of electric vehicles or hybrids.

Magna and LG’s joint venture will include more than 1,000 employees located at LG locations in the United States, South Korea and China.

Michael Robinet, executive director of automotive advisory services at IHS Markit, said similar partnerships have become commonplace in the automotive industry as a way of keeping up with competition.

"Virtually every supplier has alignments, whether in software or in specialized innovations or technologies, because they know they can’t move as quickly on their own," Robinet said.

Electric vehicles have been part of Magna's business strategy for many years, Robinet said, adding that the partnership with LG will allow them to have greater access to Asian markets.

The agreement is expected to close in July and is subject to a number of conditions including LG shareholder approval.

Magna announced earlier this year that it would be helping to manufacture an electric SUV for startup Fisker Inc. in Europe.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 23, 2020.

Companies in this story: (TSX:MG)

Jon Victor, The Canadian Press

Burning Questions: Will Canada's most oil-dependent provinces bounce back next year?

© Provided by Financial Post Downtown Calgary amid a lockdown in March. An L-shaped trajectory could be in store for Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada’s two most oil-dependent provinces.

Burning Questions: The pandemic has left a multitude of unknowns in its wake. In a year-end series, the Financial Post explores some of the most intriguing.

CALGARY — While most Canadian provinces are expecting either U-shaped or V-shaped economic recoveries next year, the country’s oil-producing regions are bracing for a bleaker outlook illustrated by a less exciting letter of the alphabet.

An L-shaped trajectory could be in store for Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada’s two most oil-dependent provinces, which experienced sharp economic contractions during the COVID-19 pandemic and are now expected to be the slowest provinces to recover from the shock.

“Newfoundland and Alberta won’t get back to pre-COVID levels until 2022 at the earliest. If there’s an area that’s struggling with more of an L-shaped recovery, it’s oil and gas,” said Derek Burleton, vice-president and deputy chief economist at TD Economics. “It’s going to take a while to see investment spending bounce back and make a real improvement in performance.”

The beginning of the coronavirus outbreak this year coincided with an oil-price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia, which flooded oil markets with millions of barrels of crude at a time when major economies were locking down to prevent the spread of the virus. In other words, a massive expansion of oil supply precisely when oil demand was contracting at its fastest rate in history.

As a result, while Canadians in other provinces are planning for a return to normal — or close to normal — in 2021, residents in Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador expect the scars of the pandemic, oil price crash and resultant recessions to last throughout next year and into either 2022 or 2023.

Indeed, those two provinces are dragging down Canada’s overall expected real GDP growth next year. After a 5.8 per cent fall in real GDP in 2020, RBC Economics forecasts Canada’s economy to expand by 5 per cent in 2021 — clawing back some of its coronavirus-induced losses.

By contrast, RBC Economics expects Alberta to post the sharpest economic contraction in the country in 2020 with an 8.3 per cent decline in real GDP, followed by a recovery of 4.5 per cent GDP growth in 2021.

Newfoundland and Labrador experienced a more muted 4.6 per cent drop in real GDP this year but is also expecting the smallest economic recovery of any province next year at just 2.8 per cent, according to RBC estimates.

The economic shocks to Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador are particularly tough as they came at a time when both provinces were expected to shake off the previous oil-price shock of 2014 and return to substantial growth in 2020, said Robert Hogue, senior economist with RBC.

Hogue doesn’t expect Alberta to recover to pre-pandemic levels of economic activity until 2023 — and even those 2019 levels are a steep drop from a peak in 2014.

“There’s so much frustration and in some cases, people are getting into fairly desperate situations. That frustration is not a surprise given how deep and how long this downturn has been,” Hogue said 

© David Bloom/Postmedia News files 

A volunteer packs hampers at the Edmonton Food Bank in April.

Saskatchewan, which sits atop a massive light oil formation and is the second largest oil-producing province in the country, also posted a sharp contraction of 4.7 per cent of GDP but is expected to make a full recovery, posting 4.7 per cent real GDP growth, in 2021 thanks in part to its rebounding mining and agriculture sectors, RBC Economics forecasts.

While the worst of the economic downturn is behind Saskatchewan, there are still downside risks in both Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, which are reflected in the negative trends associated with both provinces’ credit ratings, said Travis Shaw, senior vice-president, public finance at ratings firm DBRS Morningstar.

“We’ll hear the provinces and some economists talk about ‘when is GDP going to return to pre-COVID levels’ but even at that point, when the broader economy returns to pre-COVID levels, provincial finances aren’t going to look like what they looked like in pre-COVID times,” Shaw said.

Neither will the two provinces’ labour markets. Alberta’s unemployment rate jumped from 6.9 per cent in 2019 to 11.4 per cent this year, and RBC Economics expects that jobless rate to average around 9.6 per cent in 2021 and 7.2 per cent in 2022.

In Newfoundland and Labrador, the situation is more dire. Unemployment rose in 2019 from 11.9 per cent to 13.8 per cent in 2020 and that rate is expected to hold steady through 2021 and decline only slightly to 13.1 per cent in 2021.

In both provinces’ labour markets, newly started major projects in 2020 initially provided some hope for economic expansion this year. Those hopes have since been dashed as those major projects have been cancelled.

In Newfoundland, Husky Energy Inc. announced in the summer it was putting its offshore West White Rose oil project under review and directly asked the federal government for assistance to ensure the oil platform, 60-per cent complete at the time, wasn’t scrapped completely.

© Pennecon Limited Construction of the drilling platform for the West White Rose oil project.

Earlier this month, Husky secured a $41-million handout from Ottawa to complete work on parts of the project. Husky did not respond to a request for comment on whether it was required to finish the oil project as a condition for taking the funding.

Similarly in Alberta, Pembina Pipeline Corp. indefinitely suspended work on a $5-billion propane-to-plastics petrochemical facility with joint-venture partner Petrochemical Industries Company, a company owned by the state of Kuwait. Pembina did not respond to a request for comment on how many people were working on the petrochemical facility at the time work was cancelled.

Thousands of additional layoffs at major Calgary-based oil and gas companies including Suncor Energy Inc. and Imperial Oil Ltd. are expected to offset any potential improvements in the province’s labour market next year. Consolidation in the sector such as Cenovus Energy Inc.’s purchase of Husky would also likely lead to redundancies.

TD’s Burleton said the two provinces show the challenges in the energy market over the past five years will now be compounded by the coronavirus pandemic-induced recession.

“Just as the economy was getting back on its feet, it was hit by this second huge shock and there will undoubtedly be some longer-term impacts in terms of scarring,” Burleton said.

Financial Post

Despite mistrust, Native Americans’ participation in vaccine development proves vital

Navajo medicine man Timothy Lewis starts each day with a corn pollen seed offering to the creator. He prays for his family and the world’s wellbeing amid the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.

© Michelle Tom Dr. Michelle Tom, the only Navajo emergency physician at the Winslow Indian Health Care Center in Arizona, got her vaccine this week.

“I hope that we can get back to normal,” Lewis said. “I want to see my grandkids again. I wanna hold them and I wanna hug them again.”

Lewis is one of the 463 Native Americans across the country that volunteered in one of Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine trials; his was a pivotal Phase 3 trial. Both of his parents were also traditional Navajo healers, and he says they instilled in him a responsibility to help others whenever possible.

“My parents would have liked this,” Lewis said. “They would have wanted me to do this. And that's the reason why I actually volunteered. I really want us to come back to being the way we were [before the pandemic].” 

© ABC Timothy Lewis is one of the 463 Native Americans across the country that volunteered in the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine trial.

The virus has ravaged the Navajo Nation, which covers an area the size of West Virginia, and is home to more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members. Despite some of the strictest lockdowns and weeks-long curfews, the communities there are still in the throes of a lasting crisis.

Just this week, the Navajo Department of Health reported 272 new cases. As 75 communities continue to face uncontrolled transmission of COVID-19, there have been a reported 21,833 total cases throughout the Navajo Nation, with over 760 deaths since March.

Several factors have contributed to the virus’ proliferation in the Navajo Nation, including an abundance of multigenerational homes where people live with their extended families in small buildings.

There are also only 13 grocery stores throughout the 27,000-square-mile reservation, according to Dr. Loretta Christensen, chief medical officer of the Indian Health Service in the Navajo area

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© ABC Dr. Loretta Christensen is the chief medical officer at Indian Health Services in the Navajo area.

“We've been working with John Hopkins Center for American Indians for quite some time here in Navajo,” she said. “What we found through multiple vaccine trials, there [are] often vaccines that are more appropriate for our population that we do respond better to, that we get better immunity from.”MORE: Navajo Nation hospitals at 'breaking point'

Because of people like Lewis, the research on Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine included data on Native Americans’ reactions to the vaccine.

“They volunteered. So they're trailblazers,” Navajo Nation President Jonathan Nez said. “Based on that data that's available right now, it indicates that this vaccine doesn't have the negative, adverse effect on Native Americans.”

Christensen is developing the Navajo Nation’s vaccine plan and is helping distribute and administer the shot to health care workers like EMS, medical practitioners and medicine men in the initial phase of the process

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© ABC Navajo Nation President Jonathan Nez

The Navajo Nation received 3,900 Pfizer vaccine doses so far and nearly 8,000 from Moderna this week

“It’s finally the day I had envisioned,” Tom told ABC News. “It couldn’t have come soon enough. It’s a huge deal for Navajo people, for Native people, [for] all the families it hit so hard.”

© Michelle Tom Dr. Michelle Tom, the only Navajo emergency physician at the Winslow Indian Health Care Center in Arizona, got her vaccine this week.

At the height of the crisis, Tom left her family and moved to an apartment an hour away to try to minimize the risk of exposing the group of people she’s trying to save.

ABC News spoke to Tom in May, when the Navajo Nation had the highest infection rate per capita in the country

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© Michelle Tom Dr. Michelle Tom, the only Navajo emergency physician at the Winslow Indian Health Care Center in Arizona, got her vaccine this week.

“My job is immensely hard because I have such a connection to my people and to my land -- my ancestors and my grandparents,” she said at the time. “And to put me here today … Our elders are our teachers, protectors. They hold all the key elements that we need to have a strong sense of identity.”

Gwen Livingston, a Johns Hopkins American Indian Health research nurse, has been working with Pfizer and partner BioNTech on their COVID-19 vaccine trials in the Navajo Nation amid a second, deadlier wave.

“We've been trying, we've been educating, we've been doing what we can as far as social distancing, wearing our masks, sanitizing, doing what we can,” she said. “Then, our numbers are rising again. So yeah, something needs to happen. And this vaccine rolls out, and this is just another resource. This is just another tool. This is something that we need to combat this virus.”

For Livingston, the virus’ toll has been personal. She is from the Navajo Nation and the Khapo Owingeh, a Santa Clara pueblo in New Mexico.MORE: How one young activist is standing up for her Navajo community's COVID-19 relief

In June, Livingston lost her grandfather to COVID-19 and had to watch her grandmother say goodbye alone, from a distance.

“Having to explain to her why she could not see him, why she could not be with him, why we were outside of the window and could not go inside the building to see him -- that really hit home and it hit hard,” Livingston said.

“To hear the pain and the hurt just from talking with family members, or even with patients who have COVID-19,” she said. “Just the struggle to breathe alone, and the questions of, ‘What's gonna happen to me?’ And there's that fear of, ‘Am I gonna die?’”

The virus has brought to light the generational health problems that have afflicted the Navajo people.

“We got high rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer,” Nez said. “And as the nation saw during the first wave in April, the Navajo Nation got hit hard.”

Livingston says that even if someone with high blood pressure and diabetes has asymptomatic COVID-19, “the damage is already happening.” It’s high blood pressure and diabetes that could cause them to need dialysis.

© ABC Gwen Livingston, a Johns Hopkins American Indian health research nurse, has been working with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 on vaccine trials in the Navajo Nation amid a second, more deadly wave.

“By the time they reach stage four [of chronic kidney disease], they're already having to think about their treatment options when it comes to dialysis,” she explained. “That is the end result of these chronic illnesses… Sometimes that reality, it's too late in some cases.”

Despite indigenous peoples’ participation in vaccine trials, there’s still a deep mistrust in the community.

Prior to the European conquest, Native Americans had never experienced smallpox, measles or the flu. Exposure to the “New World'' diseases killed nearly 90% of their population.

In the 1860s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs implemented a series of boarding schools on Indian reservations, which separated children from their families.

“It was the whole idea of assimilating Indians into the white culture,” Livingston said. “It was the whole idea of, ‘Kill the Indian, save the man.’ And bringing these children, taking them from their homes, taking them from their families, taking them from everything that they know [and] putting them in schools -- that was traumatic, too. They were punished for speaking their language, [or] anything to do with their culture.”

That intergenerational trauma is compounded by a history of forced experimentation on Native Americans.

“In the 1970s, the sterilization of Native American women was a huge traumatic event,” Livingston said. “[That] made it very, very hard for indigenous people to trust the federal government, or to even trust [the] Indian Health Service.”

Most tribal members say they are not against research, but that they want it done ethically and with consent from participants and community members.

In 2002, the Navajo Nation banned genetic research on its territory in order to prevent unethical medical experiments on Native Americans. In 2003, the Havasupai Indian tribe sued Arizona State University for sharing blood samples from a 1990s diabetes research project with researchers working on other projects without consent from the study participants. The tribe won the case in 2010.

Because of this long history, Lewis said he was met with skepticism when he told his friends and relatives about volunteering for the vaccine trial.

MORE: Navajo Nation, reeling from coronavirus, focuses attention on elections

“They were saying, ‘Don't do it.’ But I didn't listen because I wanted to help,” he said. “I wanted to help my people.”

Christensen says she believes that COVID-19 vaccine makers need to be transparent and share the data they collect in order to build trust within the Navajo community.

“We really need [the] population of the Native Americans to be represented in data and how they respond to the vaccines,” Livingston said. “We really need to take a look at that so that we are better prepared to present this data to the community, and that way they would feel more comfortable in receiving the vaccine when the time comes.”

Acknowledging the trauma inflicted on the community is only half the battle. Livingston says traditional healers and Western health care providers should come together to help Native communities through the pandemic.

“[We should] work together in understanding medication, treatment -- all of these things -- in order to keep our people healthy,” she said.

"Lewis recognizes the benefit he has in having access to both Western medicine and the traditional medicine of his culture. "I have two worlds," he said. "I'm lucky."

Nez said he’s optimistic the Navajo community will get through this as they have survived many diseases, including the hantavirus outbreak in 1993.

“We are resilient,” he said. “Remember, our ancestors got us to this point… Now it is our turn to fight hard against this virus and to think about our children and our grandchildren.”

Nuro gets first California OK to charge money for self-driving services


(Reuters) - Robotics company Nuro on Wednesday received the first-ever permit to commercially deploy its self-driving vehicles in California, allowing the Silicon Valley firm to charge clients for its driverless delivery service


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© Reuters/HANDOUT The unmanned delivery vehicle, Nuro, 

is seen during the Kroger annual shareholders meeting in Cincinnati

Relying on a remote human operator - who could control multiple autonomous vehicles from miles away - is a step that allows a path to profitability in the emerging field of self-driving technology.

Nuro has been testing autonomous vehicles on California's roads with safety drivers since 2017, and it was authorized by the state regulators to test two driverless delivery vehicles in nine cities earlier this year.

The company said it would launch a delivery service with a fleet of autonomous Toyota Priuses, and later add its own low-speed R2 vehicle, which has no pedals or steering wheel and only room for packages.

Last month, Nuro raised $500 million in a funding round, driven by a massive boost to e-commerce from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nuro, a privately held firm based in Mountain View, California, was permitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in February to deploy up to 5,000 low-speed electric delivery vehicles in Houston without human controls such as mirrors and steering wheels.

(Reporting by Munsif Vengattil; Editing by Maju Samuel)

Louis Vuitton yoga mat made of leather draws Hindu complaint

“The scenario of yoga — a profound, sacred and ancient discipline introduced and nourished by Hinduism — being performed on a mat made from a killed cow is painful,” 

BOSTON — A Hindu activist is calling on luxury goods maker Louis Vuitton to pull a yoga mat made partly from cowhide leather, calling it “hugely insensitive.”

© Provided by The Canadian Press

Rajan Zed, president of the Universal Society of Hinduism, said in a statement Tuesday that the mat is “highly inappropriate” to practicing Hindus, who regard cows as sacred symbols of life.

“The scenario of yoga — a profound, sacred and ancient discipline introduced and nourished by Hinduism — being performed on a mat made from a killed cow is painful,” Zed said.

Paris-based Louis Vuitton did not immediately respond Tuesday to messages from The Associated Press seeking comment

The company's yoga mat, made mostly of canvas with leather details and a cowhide carrying strap, retails for $2,390 online.

 (MORE THAN THE COW COST)

In an email to AP, Zed called on Louis Vuitton executives to apologize and adhere to its corporate code of conduct, which includes commitments to ethical and social responsibility. The company “should not be in the business of religious appropriation, sacrilege, mocking serious spiritual practices and ridiculing entire communities,” he said.

The Universal Society of Hinduism, which is based in Reno, Nevada, has led several recent campaigns targeting what it considers the commercial misuse of sacred symbols.

Zed’s organization is part of an interfaith coalition that’s recently called on Anheuser-Busch InBev to rename its Brahma beer line — which shares its name with a Hindu god, but isn’t named for the deity, the beer giant says — and also urged nightclubs to stop using sacred Buddhist and Hindu imagery as decor.

In August, online home goods giant Wayfair pulled a towel depicting the Hindu deity Lord Ganesha after the coalition objected.

The Associated Press

RIP

Leslie West, guitarist of rock band Mountain, has died at 75

© Provided by The Canadian Press

LOS ANGELES — Leslie West, an iconic guitarist-vocalist who was behind several '70s rock anthems including “Mississippi Queen” with the popular band Mountain, has died. He was 75.

His spokesman Steve Karas said West died Wednesday in Palm Coast, Florida. Karas said West died from cardiac arrest after being rushed to the hospital.

West battled with health issues in the past few years. In 2011, his lower right leg was amputated in a life-saving operation related to his diabetes.


Rockers like Gene Simmons and Slash showed support for West on social media a day before his death when it was clear he was in dire condition. Paul Stanley called West a “gentle man and guitar hero” on Twitter.

West began his music career in the mid-60s with The Vagrants with his brother Larry West Weinstein, who played bass. The band known as a blue-eyed soul group had a minor hit with “I Can’t Make a Friend” and covered Otis Redding’s “Respect” in 1967.

West stepped out on his own with a solo career, releasing the 1969 album “Mountain,” which was produced by Felix Pappalardi. West and Pappalardi ended up starting the hard rock band Mountain, which was named after West’s debut solo album.

In 1969, Mountain performed an 11-song set at Woodstock before the Grateful Dead. A year later, the band released their biggest hit “Mississippi Queen,” which appeared on numerous movie and TV soundtracks along with video games including Guitar Hero. The song was covered by several artists such as Ozzy Osbourne, W.A.S.P. and Bachman-Turner Overdrive.

Mountain’s song “Long Red” became popular among multiple hip-hop artists including Jay-Z, Kanye West and Nas, who sampled the single. “Theme From An Imaginary Western” was another of the band's notable songs.

During a Mountain hiatus, West formed the group West, Bruce and Laing along with Cream bassist Jack Bruce and Mountain drummer Corky Laing.

West appeared in films such as “Family Honor” and “Money Pit.” He was a regular guest on the Howard Stern Show. The musician was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2006.

West is survived by his wife, Jenni, whom he married on stage after Mountain’s performance at the Woodstock 40th anniversary concert in Bethel, New York in 2009.

Jonathan Landrum Jr., The Associated Press

Thai man uses CPR to save baby elephant struck by motorbike

Who knew CPR worked on elephants?  

© Kunchaylek via Reuters Mana Srivate provides CPR to an elephant calf in Thailand on Dec. 20, 2020.

Mana Srivate didn't know what to expect when he started using the rescue tactic on an injured baby elephant last week after the animal was struck by a motorbike on a road in Thailand. The elephant was crossing the road with its herd when the collision happened.

Mana was on a road trip through the eastern province of Chantaburi when he witnessed the crash late Sunday. The off-duty rescue worker immediately sprang into action, rushing over to the injured elephant while others tended to the dazed rider.

Read more: Florida man wrestles alligator to save puppy in dramatic video

Mana says he's provided CPR to dozens of traffic accident victims over his 26 years on the job, but he's never successfully revived any humans — and he'd certainly never used CPR on an animal.

Nevertheless, he gave it a try.

Video from the scene shows Mana giving the elephant two-handed chest compressions while others stand back and watch.

“It’s my instinct to save lives, but I was worried the whole time because I can hear the mother and other elephants calling for the baby,” Mana told Reuters. “I assumed where an elephant heart would be located based on human theory and a video clip I saw online."

Mana worked tirelessly at the scene while witnesses captured his efforts on video. The elephant eventually got back on its feet after 10 minutes.

"When the baby elephant started to move, I almost cried," he said.

Read more: Woman charged with animal cruelty after dog thrown off motel balcony

Several rescuers loaded the elephant into a truck for additional treatment, then later returned it to the scene and released it back into the wild.

The calf's mother was waiting for it when it came back, Mana said. Mother and child were reunited, and together they stomped off into the darkness.

The motorcycle rider was not seriously injured.

—With files from Reuters

Octopuses filmed sucker-punching fish — 

sometimes out of ‘spite’

© Eduardo Sampaio et. al. via Ecology An octopus lashes out at a fish in the Red Sea in this image from video.

Octopuses might be squishy, but they’re no suckers — and they won’t stand float by while fish mess around with their food.


New research reveals that octopuses in the Red Sea have developed a so-called “partner control mechanism” for dealing with fish that annoy them while they hunt.

The octopus will sucker-punch the fish.

Read more: Massive, deep-sea ‘entity’ leaves ocean scientists ‘blown away’

Videos captured by the research team in Israel and Egypt show several cases of octopuses lashing out to drive off various species of fish on the Red Sea floor. The gesture resembles a punch, though it's more of a "directed explosive arm movement" because they don't have hands, researchers say.

Octopuses and fish are known to hunt together, and their skills complement each other well when they're combing the sea bottom for food, according to lead study author Eduardo Sampaio. However, even the best partnerships trigger the occasional disagreement, and the Red Sea octopuses have shown that their first answer to such an issue is to throw a punch.

"Since multiple partners join, this creates a complex network where investment and pay-off can be unbalanced, giving rise to partner control mechanisms," Sampaio explained on Twitter.



Gallery: Cutest Australian animals (Espresso)


In other words, an octopus will punch a fish when the hunting duties are unfair — or whenever it feels like it.

The unusual behaviour has never been observed before, according to the authors of the study published in the journal Ecology. However, they saw multiple octopuses (Octopus cyanea) demonstrating the same punchy attitude on separate occasions, suggesting that the phenomenon is not a one-hit wonder.

Researchers saw the octopuses lash out in a variety of circumstances. Sometimes they'd punch a fish to gain an advantage, expending a bit of energy to immediately get their tentacles on some prey. However, there were times when there seemed to be no motivation for a punch, according to Sampaio, a researcher at the University of Lisbon in Portugal.

Read more: 57,000-year-old wolf puppy found frozen in Canada’s permafrost

The study suggests these unexplained punches might have occurred out of "spite," or in an attempt to "bully" the fish into co-operating in the future.

"The octopus pays a small cost to impose a heavier one on the misbehaving partner," the study authors write. They add that punching is occasionally "a spiteful behaviour" used to hurt other fish, regardless of the effort it takes from the octopus.

Video: Bald eagle vs. octopus fight caught on camera in B.C.

The octopuses were not shy about what they punched. They socked it to some tailspot squirrelfish. They punched two kinds of groupers. They smacked yellow-saddles. They hammered some half-spotted hinds. They even suckered some Red Sea goatfishes.

Researchers say more study is needed to see if octopuses punch some fish more than others — and to figure out if the Red Sea is the only place to see the Rock'Em Sock'Em cephalopods.

Novelist Yu Miri: Olympics not helping Fukushima rebuilding


TOKYO — Yu Miri, who won this year’s National Book Award for translated literature, says Tokyo’s Ueno Park, where a homeless man kills himself in her award-winning story, looks very clean ahead of next summer's Olympics. Still, she says, that doesn't help to raise hope amid the coronavirus pandemic and the delayed recovery of the disaster-hit Fukushima region.  

© Provided by The Canadian Press

The park is a main setting of Yu's award-winning novel, “Tokyo Ueno Station,” in which the protagonist, Kazu, a seasonal worker from Fukushima, ended up. The elderly man first came to the Japanese capital a year before the 1964 Tokyo Olympics for construction work.

Yu said at a Tokyo news conference Wednesday that she visited the park recently and it was surprisingly clean, but that an area where she used to interview homeless residents for her book has largely been eliminated.

The book, first published in Japan in 2014, portrays the life of the seasonal worker without a place to go back — a theme for many of Yu's works.

The story was based on her interviews with homeless squatters living in huts made of cardboard boxes and blue plastic tarp more than 10 years ago. She said she was also inspired by about 600 Fukushima residents she interviewed while hosting a local radio program that she started a year after the March 2011 meltdowns at the Fukushima nuclear plant.

The triple meltdowns at the plant caused massive radiation leaks to the outside, contaminated the surrounding areas and displaced as many as 160,000 people from the no-go zones and elsewhere in the prefecture. Most of those places have been reopened as the government has tried to showcase the recovery ahead of the Tokyo Games, but those who returned to their homes are largely elderly people.

Many families, especially with small children, say they don't plan to return to their homes due to radiation concerns as well as loss of their former jobs and communities.

But their lives have significantly changed — for the worse — since Yu finished the book, with a growing sense of isolation among Fukushima residents amid preparations ahead of the Olympics, and the coronavirus pandemic that has made them more isolated, said Yu. She has since moved to Minamisoma, where she opened a book café in hopes of creating a place for locals to get reconnected after displacement due to the nuclear disaster.

“Both the nuclear accident and the coronavirus pandemic have revealed distortion and inequality in society,” Yu said.

“Many people see the situation through a lens of despair instead of a lens of hope,” she said. “Perhaps the story fit their thinking and that's probably why the book has been widely read."

She said disaster-hit areas have not recovered enough and preparations for the Olympics have taken away resources and jobs from the recovery projects, becoming part of the reasons delaying their reconstruction. “Organizers should have seen the level of progress of the reconstruction before deciding to host the Games," she said.

The Olympics, initially planned for July 2020, were postponed until next summer due to the pandemic.

Many of those Yu interviewed had worked as seasonal workers in Tokyo during Japan’s post-war economic advancement. When they finally came back to have an easy retirement life back in their hometown, they lost their homes in the Fukushima disaster. “A man told me it was back luck, and the word got stuck in my chest like a thorn,” she said.

Yu remembered another thorn she has had in her chest from her past conversation with a homeless man. He told her that those who possess the roof and walls don’t understand the feelings of those who don’t.

“So I wrote the story of how the man named Kazu lived and chose death, not from the outside but his inner self, thinking that perhaps I can convey how he felt to those who have places to go back,” she said. “As a novelist, my job is to play a role as an endoscope to look inside of a person, while also showing him or her with an external camera.”

Yu, an ethnic-Korean who was born and raised in Japan, writes in Japanese and has won a number of Japanese literature awards, including the prestigious Akutagawa Prize in 1997 for “Family Cinema."

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Follow Mari Yamaguchi on Twitter at https://www.twitter.com/mariyamaguchi

Mari Yamaguchi, The Associated Press