Sunday, June 09, 2024

UK
‘We’ll keep marching during election’: 175,000 join Palestine march in London
It is the biggest active mobilisation of the general election campaign



The front of the Palestine march in London (Picture; Guy Smallman)

We want Palestine on the election agenda, but the election doesn’t mean we are stopping agitation on the streets. That was the mood among wide sections of the march for Palestine in London on Saturday.

And many marchers say their fury at Keir Starmer means they will vote independent or Green, not Labour.

At 4pm organisers said the march was around 175,000. Although slightly smaller than last time, it’s still a very big march—and guaranteed to be the biggest active mobilisation of the election campaign. Those involved outnumber any party’s canvassing teams.

The demonstration won’t get one percent of the media attention lavished, for example, on the racist Nigel Farage. But this movement has the power to keep changing politics if it escalates during and after the 4 July vote.

It can help drive out the Tories and put pressure on Starmer. It can insist on change from whoever is in 10 Downing Street and contribute to building the much bigger socialist force we lack at the moment.

There was a large student bloc chanting loudly for Intifada and revolution. There were student banners from several different encampments.

There was a large “Queers for Palestine” bloc. The spread of the movement came through with a trade union section including banners and delegations from Unite, Unison, UCU, CWU and other unions, trades councils and groups of health workers.

Also on the march were “Gardeners for a free Palestine” and “Skaters for a free Palestine”.

Shamil, who works for Friends of Al-Alqsa, said, “We are here to pressure our government. Those in parliament don’t represent the masses—politicians are always the last to react to injustice.”

And Shamil argued that he “wants people to go into parliament to represent us on Palestine. Most people in Britain want a ceasefire.” “The key question is, ‘Do our MPs stand for Gaza? I want people in parliament to represent justice.’”

Sharmin, a council worker from London, said, “The election is a focal point for the Palestine movement. It is a test of whether politicians represent us.”

She said, “Our system is an example of a rigged system that exploits the vulnerable. Capitalism functions in the same way regardless of who’s in office. We don’t live in a real democracy—it’s a farce.

“I’m going to vote independent. That’s the only way I can authentically vote.”

James is a worker from Tunbridge Wells who has attended every national demonstration. He said, “There’s nothing to distinguish the major parties on Palestine. The majority of Muslim people are probably very disillusioned, but I doubt if this will damage Labour to any real degree.

“There are no easy options—where do you go, if Labour is the only feasible opposition?”

But he added the movement must “make our presence felt to remind the world that our eyes are on Israel”, regardless of who wins the general election.

On a Palestine Solidarity Campaign coach from Sheffield, people spoke about the election.

Shereen Kamil, a teacher and NEU union member, said, “I’ve voted Labour in the past. But the activism I’ve been involved in the last few years has meant I won’t be voting Labour again.

“The politicians want to move Palestine off the agenda, but a huge movement has been mobilised and isn’t going away.”

Davindar from Sheffield said, “It’s really good to see Corbyn is finally standing as an independent. I’ll probably vote Green for the first time.

“But I’m sure I’ll keep protesting for Palestine long after the election, I hope the movement keeps growing through the summer.”


Palestine campaigners in Cardiff hit back after police attacks
Read More

On the demonstration, Ibrahim said, “I’m voting for whoever backs Palestine. I will keep protesting for Palestine and I think the movement can grow through the summer.”

Marina from north London said, “Neither Labour nor the Tories deserve to be elected. We need to force some morality into parliament.”

Not many marchers were prepared to say openly that they are voting Labour. That’s not surprising given Starmer’s backing for Israel’s genocidal policies.

Protester, Laura, said, “The Tories should be kicked out of government. Doing that might mean voting for Labour.”

But she added that “Starmer is complicit in genocide, and people should remember that fact even if they do vote for Labour.

“I won’t vote for a party of genocide, so I’ll probably vote for my Green candidate because of their stance on Palestine, but I understand why people want to vote Labour.”

Eloise, who works in publishing, lives in east London in a seat that the Tories currently hold.“For me the main thing is getting the Tories out. People are heartbroken by the Labour Party, but we don’t want another four years of Tory rule,” she said.

But she wanted a lot more than the present lack of real choice.

Abid, a lawyer in London, had respect for Labour MPs such as Zarah Sultana from Coventry. But he said, “People might say Labour is the lesser of two evils. But I can’t vote Labour, I just can’t.

“What’s the point of voting for the lesser of two evils, it’s still someone who justified war crimes. I’d rather vote for independents who support basic human rights.”

Protester Caroline, from London, said, “I think there’s far too much posturing around the election. There are more important things to do than vote, like being here.

“To deal with the issues we’re facing, whether that’s in Gaza or Sudan, we need an alternative to elections.

“I watched some of the debate last night but I turned it off. It’s just politicians getting at each other.”

The Palestine movement must seek to seize the election debate. But becoming obsessed with the arguments over voting will divert from the bigger and most urgent task of growing the movement and its militancy—and driving it deeper into the working class.Sunday 9 June, Stop The War trade union conference 10.30am-4.30pm @ ITF House, 49-60 Borough Road, London, SE1 1DR

The record of a social explosion

National demonstrations for Palestine in London:

14 Oct: 150,000

21 Oct: 300,000

28 Oct: 500,000

11 Nov: 800,000 to one million

25 Nov: 300,000

9 Dec: 120,000

13 Jan: 500,000

3 Feb: 225,000

17 Feb: 250,000

9 Mar: 450,000

30 Mar: 200,000

27 Apr: 200,000

18 May: 250,000

8 June: 175,000
Palestine: Keep on the streets & up the pressure on Starmer to end arms sales!

“This is a movement we should be proud of… which continues to shake up the system here and internationally.”


By Matt Willgress, Labour & Palestine

This week, it was revealed that Israel’s forced starvation in Gaza has killed dozens of children, in addition to all the children killed directly in their illegal war so far.

After nearly eight months of war crimes, over 36,000 Palestinians have now been killed, and 1.7 million people have been internally displaced, with many fleeing to Rafah – a city the Israeli authorities had declared “safe”. The city now hosts 1.2 million people – 600,000 of whom are children – who are now being attacked by Israel’s latest offensive on the crossing. As the army attacks one of the most densely populated areas in the world in what is being labelled by many as a plausible case of genocide, it’s time to escalate our demands for an immediate embargo on trading arms with Israel.

Alongside this, the recent revelation that Tory ministers David Cameron and Kemi Badenoch authorised British arms sales to Israel right after an airstrike killed three British charity workers in Gaza has further exposed how complicit ‘our’ Government is in Israel’s genocide in Gaza.

Additionally, the Government is also refusing to rule out whether British machinery was used in the killing of the aid workers.

And in particular, we must now target this demand for an end to arms sales to Israel at the likely incoming Labour Government, as done by the Artists for Palestine letter to Keir Starmer this week, who argued that, “By suspending arms sales to Israel, particularly while its leader faces arrest warrants from the ICC, you can send a clear message that the UK will not tolerate human rights abuses and will stand up for the oppressed.”

As Ben Jamal of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign said in response to the letter, “Keir Starmer needs to make clear if he takes international law seriously. If he does, then the course of action is clear – a Labour government would end arms sales to Israel.”

All of this further underlines why it’s so important that we remain active on the streets and throughout the labour and trade union movement, speaking up for Palestine, including during and beyond the General Election Campaign – starting with  this Saturday’s March for Palestine in Central London (June 8.)

As Zarah Sultana recently said – in an important Early Day Motion before Parliament dissolved –“in light of plausible breaches of the Genocide Convention, [we] call on the UK Government to demand an immediate ceasefire and suspend all arms exports to Israel.”

But the desperate situation we now face is not only that Britain is arming Israel’s assault on Gaza about which the United Nations Secretary-General, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and many others have said Israel has committed grave violations of international law, but that the Labour Opposition – which is set to win big if the polls are to be believed – has not committed to ending these arms sales, or to joining Ireland, Spain, Norway and others in recognising a Palestinian state.

On both these matters, the views of the Tory and Labour frontbenches are in opposition to the clear majority of British public opinion – meaning that our movement on the streets, workplaces, through the campus encampments and beyond can continue to help crack open the Political Establishment’s front-bench consensus on the issue.

In this context – and with further horrific Israeli aggression against Rafah seemingly being prepared despite the ‘crocodile tears’ of Biden and his international supporters– we must never forget the people of Palestine.

We have seen demonstration after demonstration nationally for Palestine on an unprecedented scale. There have been 13 national marches since October, with a total attendance of over 4 million. This is a movement we should be proud of, and which continues to shake up the system here and internationally.

Our message then is clear. Despite the Labour front bench’s shameful line – namely still not joining the growing calls to halt the trade of arms with Israel being used illegally in the war – we will keep speaking up for Palestine!


  • The National March for Gaza – End the Genocide – Stop Arming Israel takes place this Saturday, June 8th, assembling in Russell Square, Central London from 12.30PMMore info here.
  • You can join Labour & Palestine in calling on Keir Starmer to back an immediate ceasefire in Gaza here, and You can follow Labour & Palestine on Facebook and Twitter/X.
  • If you support Labour Outlook’s work amplifying the voices of left movements and struggles here and internationally, please consider becoming a supporter on Patreon.

UK

 

‘A dangerous waste’: CND condemns Starmer’s commitment to nuclear weapons and militarism


“It’s time for a change of policy. The old one has failed – we need to look to the future with a vision to work for peace internationally, improve people’s lives & make us genuinely secure, not an impoverished nuclear target.”
Kate Hudson, CND

By the Campaign For Nuclear Disarmament

CND condemns Keir Starmer and Labour’s commitment to a “triple lock” on Britain’s nuclear weapons, as well as the decision to keep the Tory government’s pledge to spend 2.5% of our GDP on Britain’s military.

Speaking in the north-west of England today, Starmer maintains that Britain will build four new nuclear-armed Dreadnought submarines to replace the current Vanguard fleet, will keep one vessel permanently at-sea and able to launch a nuclear attack, and commits Labour to upgrading the fleet throughout its lifetime. CND estimates the lifetime cost of the Dreadnought programme will be at least £205 billion.

Starmer added that Labour in power will maintain Rishi Sunak’s promise to spend 2.5% of GDP “as soon as resources allow.” During the last budget, the Conservatives said this pledge would be met by 2030 – amounting to £87 billion per year.

CND General Secretary Kate Hudson said:

“After 14 years of Tory misrule, the Labour party has the opportunity to present a bold new security vision to the electorate. However, this policy just mirrors that of the existing government – more war, more military spending and more nuclear weapons. Patently obviously this approach is not bringing peace and prosperity in its wake. On the contrary. Billions are being wasted that should be rebuilding our decaying public services and improving people’s lives. It’s time for a change of policy. The old one has failed – we need to look to the future with a vision to work for peace internationally, improve people’s lives and make us genuinely secure, not an impoverished nuclear target.”

CND Chair Tom Unterrainer said:

“Keir Starmer is trying to make this election about security but has given no justification for how nuclear weapons ensure this. The risk of nuclear war has risen exponentially in the last two years but he offers no real account for how this has developed. For a man who claims to care about international law, there is no mention how expanding and modernising Britain’s nuclear arsenal goes against these norms. We need a bold vision for what real security means: one that puts climate, food security, and people at its heart, not more militarism and conflict.”




‘Change’ means ditching the two-party consensus on nukes

‘As the election goes on, let’s continue to oppose the rush to war and argue for proper investment in people and our public services’

Ben Hayes

Labour Outlook’s Ben Hayes writes on Starmer’s latest election commitment to nuclear weapons.

It has become a regular fixture of general election coverage for journalists to ask in lurid tones whether party leaders would be willing to use Britain’s nuclear weapons arsenal, consigning potentially millions of people to a painful death, and many more to life-changing injuries. That was the context when, yesterday, as the parties hit their campaigning stride, Keir Starmer said he would be prepared to push the nuclear button and outlined his “triple-lock commitment” to maintaining Britain’s nuclear weapons system. Despite a campaign slogan of “change”, this puts Labour frontbench policy broadly in line with the Tory Party on the issue of military spending and nuclear weapons.

The announcement recommits him to a pledge in the Daily Mail some weeks ago, accompanied by a promise not only to complete the new Dreadnought class submarines at Barrow, but maintain a continuous-at-sea nuclear weapons operation, and to deliver upgrades in the future – despite an on-paper pledge to achieve nuclear disarmament.

It can be seen as part of a wider view – expressed in the I newspaper – that a Labour government would seek to increase military spending to 2.5% of GDP. This would carry our military spending not only above NATO’s demand of 2% of GDP but above the 2.3% figure the Conservative government has already committed for the current year. The announcement by Rishi Sunak that UK defence spending will reach 2.5% of GDP by 2025 is evidence of an arms race between the two main parties.

It comes as the doomsday clock – monitored and examined by the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists – is set at 90 seconds to midnight, the closest we have ever stood towards catastrophe since the bulletin was created by Einstein and Oppenheimer in the 1940s. The bulletin itself has attributed this to the continuing war in Ukraine, the continuation of the global climate breakdown, and the potential for the ongoing attacks on Gaza to transform into a broader regional conflict as we have already seen through the Israeli attacks on Yemen and Iran.

Britain, whilst spending less than a tenth of the US budget – the world’s largest – already has the largest military budget in Europe at around £52bn per year and remains close to Russian spending levels before the Ukraine conflict, despite Russia’s huge nuclear arsenal. The Dreadnought submarine programme to deliver British nuclear weapons is estimated by the Ministry of Defence to cost £31bn but the programme has already spent 20% of a further £10bn allocated as contingency. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament estimates its lifetime cost at over £200billion.

The nuclear weapons programme is one of numerous major projects to enhance British war-fighting capabilities. Other commitments include fixing the troubled Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers and other navy ships, addressing the delays in developing the Ajax fighting vehicle and other army transport, and servicing the AUKUS Treaty submarine alliance with Australia. The National Audit Office has said the Ministry of Defence’s 2023 Equipment Plan is ‘unaffordable’, hence the need to drive a spending arms race by the main political parties.

The prioritisation of weapons spending is having a dramatic effect on both the current living conditions and the potential futures of young people across Britain and Europe more broadly. While the two largest-spending government departments, health and education, are formally declared as ‘protected’ from spending cuts, the reality is that both are suffering. Other departments providing vital public services, particularly local government and housing, face major cuts in the coming years.

Research from Unison shows that councils in Britain and the devolved nations face a collective funding shortfall of £3.56 billion for the coming financial year with many effectively becoming bankrupt. This funding shortfall has seen many essential public services cut to the bone, such as in Nottingham, where the council is threatening “the closure of our libraries, community centres, and the loss of 500 jobs directly” over the next six months.

There is a similar picture in education. We’ve seen the increase in the number of Free School Meal (FSM) eligible students soar to over 2 million eligible students across Britain in early 2024. We know that at least £12.2bn is needed to restore school spending power just to 2010 levels nationally. This chronic lack of funding has clearly had an impact on schools this year with children in more than 100 schools not being able to start school on time in September because ceilings were falling in and posing a risk to their lives.

The spending war over the defence budget stands in stark contrast. The British government has always, and even now continues, to drum up funds for war and militarisation with reports that Ministry of Defence spending topped £25bn for the first time in the last financial year. All this, while public sector trade unionists in Unison, the RCN, the BMA, the NEU or PCS are repeatedly told there is no money for a much deserved and earned increase in pay or investment in their services.

It’s vital that socialists and progressives inside and outside the Labour party and across the movement reject the prioritisation of warfare over public services, and urgently take up the cause of peace. Join the demonstrations, such as for a ceasefire in Gaza and an arms embargo of Israel; strengthen organisations such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Stop the War Coalition by affiliating your union or party branches or organisations; and support motions calling for our movement to stand against increased military spending. As the election goes on, let’s continue to oppose the rush to war and argue for proper investment in people and our public services.


  • Ben Hayes is a regular contributor to Labour Outlook

 UK

Junior doctors take strike action ahead of General Election


By the BMA media team

Junior doctors in England have announced new strike dates ahead of the General Election as Rishi Sunak continues to refuse to meet junior doctors’ demands for a roadmap to restore pay lost over the last 15 years.  

After 3 months of talks between junior doctors in England and the Government, the Prime Minister has still made no credible offer to junior doctors.   

After the general election was called last week the BMA gave the Government a final opportunity to make an offer and avoid strikes. This opportunity has not been taken up. 

As a result, the BMA’s junior doctors committee has decided to announce further strike dates which will take place in the run up to the General Election. This will involve a full walkout by junior doctors beginning at 7am 27th June 2024 and ending 7am 2nd July. 

BMA junior doctors committee co-chairs Dr Robert Laurenson and Dr Vivek Trivedi said:  

“We made clear to the Government that we would strike unless discussions ended in a credible pay offer. For more than 18 months we have been asking Rishi Sunak to put forward proposals to restore the pay junior doctors have lost over the past 15 years – equal to more than a quarter in real terms.  

“When we entered mediation with Government this month we did so under the impression that we had a functioning government that would soon be making an offer. Clearly no offer is now forthcoming. Junior doctors are fed up and out of patience. 

“Even at this late stage Mr Sunak has the opportunity to show that he cares about the NHS and its workers. It is finally time for him to make a concrete commitment to restore doctors’ pay. If during this campaign he makes such a public commitment that is acceptable to the BMA’s junior doctors committee, then no strikes need go ahead.”


  • This article was originally published by the BMA on 29 May, 2024.
  • The British Medical Association (BMA) is a professional association and trade union representing and negotiating on behalf of all doctors in the UK. You can follow the BMA on FacebookTwitter and Instagram.

 

A massive triumph for the Left in Mexico


By David Raby

On Sunday 2 June Mexico held general elections, for President, both Houses of Congress, eight State Governorships plus the Head of Government (Metro Mayor) of Mexico City, and hundreds of local positions.

The result was a stunning victory for the left: Claudia Sheinbaum, candidate of the governing Morena (Movement of National Regeneration) Party, won with 60% against 29% for her main right-wing opponent, Xóchitl Gálvez; Morena and its two allied parties won six of the eight governorships and the all-important Metro Mayor position; and while detailed results remain to be confirmed, Morena and its allies won between 84 and 88 out of 128 Senate seats and between 370 and 380 out of 500 seats in the Lower House of Congress.

The significance of the Senate and House figures is that in order to enact Constitutional amendments it is necessary to have a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Congress, and this is key for AMLO’s (and Claudia’s) plans to reform the extremely corrupt judicial system, among other things. The figures are in the range of the two-thirds majorities.

Opinion polls had in fact been predicting this for months, but few dared to believe it. Incessant and vitriolic hostile propaganda from the right created a tense atmosphere although it failed completely to win over Mexican voters, in fact it had a boomerang effect and provoked more people to support Claudia and Morena.

The real target of right-wing propaganda (most of it patently false) was international opinion, above all Western governments, politicians and business interests. Millions of social media memes like #NarcoPresidente were followed up by a cascade of negative media articles in the NY Times, Washington Post, Financial Times and other mainstream outlets.

What AMLO (outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador) and Morena had achieved over the past five and a half years of his six-year term has no parallel in Latin America. Honesty and modesty in government, a serious attack on corruption which he denounced as the root of Mexico’s problems, creation for the first time of a true welfare state, protection of Mexican sovereignty while maintaining cordial relations with the US: all of this was accompanied by constant communication and dialogue with the people.

Also he achieved economic growth and financial stability, financing programmes by reinforcing tax collection without raising tax rates and without borrowing. His bold progressive foreign policy favouring Latin American unity, saving Evo Morales’ life in 2019 and actively condemning the blockade of Cuba, leaves no doubt as to where he stands.

Despite his enormous popularity AMLO always insisted that he would not seek re-election, and this had the effect of forcing Morena to organise more effectively as a mass party and to address the question of the succession. Claudia Sheinbaum emerged during the past year through a process of internal party debate and consultation; she had been a comrade of AMLO in popular and political struggles for some 25 years, with an impeccable leftist record as well as scientific training in environmental sciences, and a firm identification with socialist feminism. She had an excellent record as Metro Mayor of the capital for five years.

The rise of the extreme right in recent years in Latin America (indeed the world) inevitably aroused doubt and fear about Mexico’s prospects. But having followed the process closely I was confident that AMLO and his “4T” (Fourth Transformation) process had immunised Mexico against the far right. After arriving on May 28 for this latest visit, my optimism was confirmed.

Small and medium business owners typically favoured the conservative PAN (National Action Party, a key actor in the opposition coalition), but not always: a restaurant owner wanted welfare policies for the good of all to continue. Also a self-employed beautician was absolutely committed to AMLO, Claudia and the Transformation.

On Sunday long queues formed at polling stations across the country, and people I interviewed in a working-class neighbourhood of the capital were almost unanimously in favour of Claudia and the Transformation. It was clear the the turnout would be high, confirming the virtual certainty of a decisive victory for Morena and its allies.

Voters queue for the polls in Mexico on June 2nd, 2024. Photo credit: David Raby.

When the polls closed Xóchitl and her team immediately claimed to have won, an absurd claim since the count had barely begun and exit polls suggested a two-to-one majority for Claudia. The worrying element of this was that Xóchitl hinted they would contest the results in the courts.

But by 11pm the official “quick count” confirmed a big lead for Claudia and Morena, and around midnight Xóchitl did a U-turn and admitted defeat. Messages of congratulations were already pouring in to Claudia Sheinbaum from Heads of State and progressive leaders around the world, and a huge enthusiastic victory celebration took place in the central Zócalo.

Victory also for Clara Brugada, a progressive community leader who had previously been Mayor of the huge working-class Iztapalapa borough, was very positive: she won with about 51 to 40% over a notorious corrupt opponent, Santiago Taboada. Women’s rights, above all for indigenous, working and peasant women, are high on Claudia’s list of priorities.

Claudia had no hesitation in reaffirming her identification with AMLO’s principles and legacy, and when media critics suggest she is just his puppet, she dismisses them with scorn. Of course she wants to continue his programme “For the good of all, but first, the poor”; she believes like him in the primacy of the public good over private profit and in Mexican sovereignty. But she is her own person with her own goals, and on Sunday night in her victory speech, her self-confidence was clearer than ever.

Mexico’s triumph brings hope to Latin America and the world, and needs to be celebrated as an example for the demoralised left in the UK and Europe.


  • David L Raby is a retired Professor of Latin American Studies (Toronto and Liverpool), Coordinator of the Mexico Solidarity Forum and author of “Democracy and Revolution: Latin America and Socialism Today” (London, 2006: Pluto).
  • You can follow David Raby on Twitter/X and find out more about the campaign of the Mexico Solidarity Forum here.

 

Shape and depth of ocean floor profoundly influence how carbon is stored there


New study finds seafloor topography accounts for up to 50% of the changes in depth at which carbon has been sequestered



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - LOS ANGELES




Key takeaways

  • The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans and continents — or carbon cycle — regulates Earth’s climate, with the ocean playing a major role in carbon sequestration.
  • A new study finds that the shape and depth of the ocean floor explain up to 50% of the changes in depth at which carbon has been sequestered there over the past 80 million years.
  • While these changes have been previously attributed to other causes, the new finding could inform ongoing efforts to combat climate change through marine carbon sequestration.

    The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans and continents — the carbon cycle — is a fundamental process that regulates Earth’s climate. Some factors, like volcanic eruptions or human activity, emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Others, such as forests and oceans, absorb that CO2. In a well-regulated system, the right amount of CO2 is emitted and absorbed to maintain a healthy climate. Carbon sequestration is one tactic in the current battle against climate change.

    new study finds that the shape and depth of the ocean floor explain up to 50% of the changes in depth at which carbon has been sequestered in the ocean over the past 80 million years. Previously, these changes have been attributed to other causes. Scientists have long known that the ocean, the largest absorber of carbon on Earth, directly controls the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. But, until now, exactly how changes in seafloor topography over Earth’s history affect the ocean’s ability to sequester carbon was not well understood.

    “We were able to show, for the first time, that the shape and depth of the ocean floor play major roles in the long-term carbon cycle,” said Matthew Bogumil, the paper’s lead author and a UCLA doctoral student of earth, planetary and space sciences.

    The long-term carbon cycle has a lot of moving parts, all functioning on different time scales. One of those parts is seafloor bathymetry — the mean depth and shape of the ocean floor. This is, in turn, controlled by the relative positions of the continent and the oceans, sea level, as well as the flow within Earth’s mantle. Carbon cycle models calibrated with paleoclimate datasets form the basis for scientists’ understanding of the global marine carbon cycle and how it responds to natural perturbations

    “Typically, carbon cycle models over Earth’s history consider seafloor bathymetry as either a fixed or a secondary factor,” said Tushar Mittal, the paper’s co-author and a professor of geosciences at Pennsylvania State University.

    The new research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reconstructed bathymetry over the last 80 million years and plugged the data into a computer model that measures marine carbon sequestration. The results showed that ocean alkalinity, calcite saturation state and the carbonate compensation depth depended strongly on changes to shallow parts of the ocean floor (about 600 meters or less) and on how deeper marine regions (greater than 1,000 meters) are distributed. These three measures are critical to understanding how carbon is stored in the ocean floor.

    The researchers also found that for the current geologic era, the Cenozoic, bathymetry alone accounted for 33%–50% of the observed variation in carbon sequestration and concluded that by ignoring bathymetric changes, researchers mistakenly attribute changes in carbon sequestration to other, less certain factors, such as atmospheric CO2, water column temperature, and silicates and carbonates washed into the ocean by rivers.

    “Understanding important processes in the long-term carbon cycle can better inform scientists working on marine-based carbon dioxide removal technologies to combat climate change today,” Bogumil said. “By studying what nature has done in the past, we can learn more about the possible outcomes and practicality of marine sequestration to mitigate climate change.”

    This new understanding that the shape and depth of ocean floors is perhaps the greatest influencer of carbon sequestration can also aid the search for habitable planets in our universe.

    “When looking at faraway planets, we currently have a limited set of tools to give us a hint about their potential for habitability,” said co-author Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, a UCLA professor and department chair of earth, planetary and space sciences. “Now that we understand the important role bathymetry plays in the carbon cycle, we can directly connect the planet’s interior evolution to its surface environment when making inferences from JWST observations and understanding planetary habitability in general.”

    The breakthrough represents only the beginning of the researchers’ work.

    “Now that we know how important bathymetry is in general, we plan to use new simulations and models to better understand how differently shaped ocean floors will specifically affect the carbon cycle and how this has changed over Earth’s history, especially the early Earth, when most of the land was underwater,” Bogumil said.

     

    Crisis intervention program leverages socialmedia to reduce suicide risk


    Study by OHSU, Lines for Lifeocuments innovative intervention for youth through Safe Social Spaces program



    Peer-Reviewed Publication

    OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY





    An Oregon-based program that monitors social media use may have helped deter more than 150 youth suicide attempts in the five years it’s operated, reports a new study published online today in the journal Psychiatric Services.

    Staff with Lines for Life, a nonprofit that operates mental health crisis support services, and researchers at Oregon Health & Science University collaborated to closely document interventions by the Safe Social Spaces program, launched in 2019 by Lines for Life.

    The study’s senior author said it’s an example of meeting people where they are.

    “Community engagement is critical,” said Alan Teo, M.D., M.S., associate professor of psychiatry in the OHSU School of Medicine. “Health care systems often wait for patients to come to the clinic or hospital, but if you just wait for patients to come to you, there are a lot of people in need who will be missed.”

    Whatever its role in driving the mental health crisis affecting young people, the new study suggests, social media can be used as a unique tool in detecting concerning messages for those paying attention.

    In this case, trained staff with the Safe Social Spaces intervention program contacted more than 3,000 young people who openly shared their experience with emotional problems on social media. The program estimates that, through supportive dialogue, 163 instances of self-harm, which can include suicide attempts, have been avoided so far.

    Teo acknowledged the irony of using social media to achieve a positive mental health outcome.

    “Experiences on social media can be stressful, but what I love about this program is that it illustrates a way to use forums online for a good purpose,” Teo said. “It’s obviously not as black and white as saying social media is evil or screen time is all bad. We know that youth are spending time there and, as with all technologies, the important thing is in how you use it.”

    In addition to Teo, co-authors on the study included Laura Levy, a graduating M.D.-M.P.H. student in the OHSU School of Medicine and the OHSU-Portland State University School of Public Health, and Angela Nielsen of Lines for Life.

    Teo serves as a staff psychiatrist in the VA Portland Health Care System and his research is supported by the Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development, Health Systems Research.