Saturday, June 08, 2024

There is Nothing Queer About Liberalism


 

 JUNE 7, 2024

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Image by Mercedes Mehling.

“The ‘Enlightenment’, which discovered the liberties, also invented the disciplines.”

-Michel Foucault

I’ve been called some pretty heinous things in my life, and I’ll proudly own most of them with a smile, but every time I get called a liberal someone has to die. Call me a faggot, call me a shemale, call me a fucking tranny, and I’ll respond, ‘so what?’ But never call me a goddamn liberal unless you’re looking to get your skull pierced with a Schrade Sharpfinger. Even in my past life as an unrepentant communist, I chafed beneath that label and the reason is pretty simple. Ideologically speaking, American liberals are fucking pussies and not the kind I like to eat for breakfast.

Your average American liberal progressive is antiwar until a Democrat is dropping the bombs but also has zero problem pushing pacifism on darkies and faggots to keep us in line. Your average American liberal progressive will dawn a dashiki every time another cop shoots another Black boy on a moped but is the first motherfucker to scream ‘law and order’ when they find tire tracks on their freshly sodded lawn. These people may dress up like allies for trick-or-treat, but they voted for Hillary and threw Chelsea Manning beneath a men’s prison. They are cowards, scoundrels, and above all else, frauds.

Liberals also tend to be unbearably vanilla, with their polo shirts and their Kennedy haircuts and their NPR tote bags, gentrifying the countryside one trailer park at a time until the whole goddamn country looks like one big golf course infested with McMansions and Panera Bread franchises and swarms and swarms of Prius driving Karens belting out Michael Bublé songs on their way to yoga. So, even as a born-again Queer anarchist, I would rather be curb stomped by Proud Boys than lumped in with these pandering casualties of respectable heterosexual society.

And I know what you’re going to say, you’re going to say the same thing that my mother says in between fumbling my pronouns, ‘I thought all Queer people were liberals.’ First of all, fuck you. Second of all, you, like 99% if this politically dyslexic country, clearly have no idea what the words ‘liberal’ and ‘Queer’ really mean, so please allow me to give you a brief revisionist history lesson before I’m forced to hurt you.

Liberalism, as a political philosophy, has its foundations in the western sanctified 17th century European intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment. Despite what your high school history teacher may have told you, this was not the miracle that introduced reason and democracy to humanity. While men like Immanuel Kant may have declared human rights to be universally sacred institutions, they also essentially invented the scientific racism that brought us chattel slavery in order to ensure that human rights would only be bestowed upon those of us who conformed enough to Western European culture to be considered scientifically human.

When it all comes down to it, the Enlightenment and the philosophy of liberalism that came with it were just civilization’s latest excuses for blind obedience to endless conquest. When the churches and monarchs began to get stale and the proles began to get restless, a bunch of straight rich white guys decided to turn the state into a secular church and declared science to be its new religion, switching over from spiritually defined institutions like the temple and the crown to more “reasonable” ones like the courthouse and the asylum.


But the results remained largely the same. White Anglo Saxon Protestant culture was sold as the only solution to the ungovernable savagery of tribal diversity, and all those who failed to assimilate to its dictates were condemned to trial by fire, be they Indian Dog Soldiers resisting the progress of the railroads or backwards Muslim mujahadeen resisting some European’s definition of democracy.

At the core of the liberal philosophy is the concept of universalism, the notion that the entire world should be united beneath a single set of values, a globally homogenized melting pot of inclusion which sounds charming until you remember that what liberals are including us in by the barrel of a gun is the same western culture that brought us concepts like whiteness, prisons, the gender binary, mental illness, the standing army, and the Westphalian nation state just to make damn sure that we all just got along. To put it bluntly, liberalism is just white supremacy with a secular face, and it was essentially modelled after the same evangelical Christian universalism that attempted to convert people like me out of existence.

You see dearest motherfuckers, Queer is not just a repurposed pejorative for sexual and gender minorities. It is a uniquely diverse pastiche of the pagan tribal traditions extinguished by the church to make room for progress. Before Christianity became the favored tool for imperial subjugation, every tribe had its own gods, its own traditions, and its own genders. Every pagan culture from Vanuatu to Vladivostok had its own unique concepts for what defined sex and sexuality, and most of them reserved hallowed spaces within their communities for those of us who deviated from the norm by nature with many of us serving as shaman and priestesses due to our unique connections to multiple genders.

Of course, all of this was just way too complicated for the church to homogenize, so our identities were erased, a single binary gender system was established, and those who failed to conform to it were slaughtered in mass as witches and heretics.

But when the churches and the monarchs began to get stale and the proles began to get reckless, liberalism replaced spiritual hegemony with scientific hegemony and the witches and heretics were declared perverts and lunatics who could only be cured by the miracle of the enlightened asylum. However, some of us resisted. Some of us kept shreds of our heathen identities locked away in the closet and even celebrated our diversity in the shadows until the third worldism of Black Power and the Chicano Movement gave us a blueprint of the prison and a way to break out of it.

At its very core, Queerness is a radical rejection of the same puritanical Christian universalist values that define liberalism to this day and that is why there is absolutely nothing Queer about liberalism.

Liberals may pose as allies but what they’re really after isn’t diversity but inclusion into their straight white monoculture, and since outright annihilation has lost its zing with the youth demographic, they’ve created carefully color coordinated little boxes to stuff us in with alphabet brand names like LGBTQ. This is why anti-assimilationist Queer radicals like me reject that label, but I’m here to call on my tribe to take this rejection one step further to include the rejection of the liberal universalism that gave birth to this progressive school of assimilation.

Ideas like liberalism and globalism should be considered every bit as anathema to the Queer experience as the Vatican and the asylum because they represent the same damn thing, a slow and painful death by bourgeoise conformity. To be Queer is to strive for absolute diversity, a thousand stateless tribes of throbbing heathen savages with a million fluid genders and sexualities swirling about like the colors and shapes of a kaleidoscope.

Even anarchy isn’t wild enough to contain us all. What we need is many anarchies, a grand panarchy to revive what the bible thumpers and their liberal bastards stole from us. This should also mean embracing a radical diversity that transcends Queerness and affords room for all the beasts that liberalism failed to assimilate, from the Indian Dog Soldiers to the Muslim mujahadeen, so long as they can all agree to coexist voluntarily. That and to never call me a fucking liberal again.

The only true enemy of any stateless Queer nation should be any asshole telling us that we’re all the same. Humanity is way too complicated for that evangelical bullshit and that’s precisely what makes it beautiful enough to kill for.

Nicky Reid is an agoraphobic anarcho-genderqueer gonzo blogger from Central Pennsylvania and assistant editor for Attack the System. You can find her online at Exile in Happy Valley.






Give Turtles a Brake!


 
 JUNE 7, 2024
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Hatchling Wood Turtle emerging from a roadside nest in Virginia

WE HAVE THE SAME CRITTER CRISIS IN ONTARIO

It’s that time of year, maybe you’ve already noticed. Animals are back and moving about and trying to reproduce. But in this age of hundreds of millions of motor vehicles going everywhere at high speeds, anybody who’s slow is vulnerable. And one of the most vulnerable to death on our highways are turtles. No matter how many times I see them crushed and lifeless on a road, it breaks my heart. It must happen hundreds or thousands of times a day in the USA. 

Nesting Females: Roads, Roadsides, Vehicles, and Predators

What makes it even worse is that a disproportionate amount of the turtles being killed are adult females. They are especially at risk because of the longer distance forays they make searching for nest sites in spring and summer [1]. Some turtles are terrestrial, such as Box Turtles and tortoises, some are amphibious, such as Wood Turtles, but most are aquatic — and they all lay eggs and nest on land. Even aquatic species such as Sliders and Cooters, and Map, Musk, Softshell, and Snapping Turtles may nest 200-550 yards from the water [2,3]. When they leave their wetlands in search of upland nest sites, they usually will have to cross at least one road. 

In addition, roadsides generally fabricate the environmental conditions sought by female turtles for their nests – open canopy, short or sparse ground vegetation, and friable soil [4]. They are attracted to roadsides for foraging and basking also. But though the physical conditions may be favorable, such sites also incur increased mortality. 

Breeding females are the ones most important to sustaining populations and the ones that populations can least afford to lose. Vehicular mortality can cause population declines and roadkill of females during the nesting season can be the most significant threat to population persistence [5,6]. The mortality to the adults can occur from not just vehicles, but also from the predators such as Raccoons who are attracted to roadsides [7]. These predators also dig up the nests and eat the eggs and the hatchlings. At one place, the proportion of turtle nests lost to Raccoon predation ranged from 63% to 100%, and this was in a “protected” area [7]. 

Population Viability

Most turtle species possesses life history traits that make populations especially vulnerable and sensitive to increased human-caused loss and mortality: slow growth, late maturity, long lives, low reproductive potential (small clutches), and high natural mortality of eggs and hatchlings (such as from predators) [8,9]. Some species, such as the northeast’s Wood Turtle, can take 15-20 years to reach maturity. And then, after reaching maturity, turtles must survive and reproduce for decades more just to replace themselves [10,11,12]. 

For turtles there is no apparent “density dependent” response operant [11]; i.e., at low population densities there is no compensatory increase in birth rate or hatchling survival. In fact, just the opposite can reasonably be expected to occur in low populations — decreases in birth rates, due to such factors as difficulty in finding mates [13], resulting in further reductions in population size.

Field studies and statistical analyses clearly show that even modest rates of death or removal (intentional or incidental) of adult or juvenile turtles can lead to strong declines in populations [14]. The loss of a very small number of turtles above natural attrition can be devastating. Turtles may not reproduce enough or survive long enough to make up for the population losses from collection, predation, habitat degradation/destruction, and being killed on roads or by logging or agricultural operations. There are limits to how much cumulative mortality and stress a population absorb and still be healthy and viable for the long term. 

Roads and Roadkill

Each and every day in America there are development and commercial activities on the ground, including more roads being built and more drivers using them. Most areas of the  East, where most turtle species reside, are already within ca. 400 yards of a road [15]. Not surprising, considering that on the landscape currently occupied by the USA, in 400 years we’ve gone from ZERO to ca. 5 MILLION MILES OF ROADS. The ecological effects of roads and/or mechanized use include erosion, air and water pollution, spread of invasive weeds, avoidance of road or machine-affected areas by wildlife, increased access for poachers and common meso-predators (e.g., Raccoons), habitat loss and fragmentation, and massive amounts of roadkill — some estimate 1 MILLION ANIMALS/DAY – and that of course doesn’t include the incomprehensible numbers of invertebrates.

Much of the problem, of course, is not the roads per se, but the vehicles using the roads. Roadkill is exacerbated due to increases in traffic volume. A probability model estimated that the likelihood of a turtle successfully crossing U.S. Highway 27 in Florida decreased from 32% in 1977 to only 2% in 2001 due to a 162% increase in traffic volume [16]. 

Wildlife Friendly Passageways and Fencing

The staggering magnitude of the day-in day-out road kill on America’s highways is a national disgrace and tragedy. Retrofitting the nation’s road system to make it much more “wildlife friendly” needs to be a priority for improving our infrastructure; such as installing fencing and wildlife crossings — overpasses and tunnels. A new Civilian Conservation Corp could put enormous numbers of people to work accomplishing this necessity. 

Making the nation’s road system much more “wildlife friendly”  is also a critical aspect for achieving real habitat connectivity and effective corridors. Hotspots of natural travelways used by fauna, as well as dispersal bottlenecks wrought by human development, have been and can be identified [17, 18]. Improving these sites by putting up fencing and providing underpasses and overpasses for animal movements can bring enormous benefits to both individuals’ survival and population viability. Barrier or drift fences with under-highway culverts to provide passageways and prevent animals’ use of roads during dispersal can dramatically reduce roadkill. Along a 0.7-km section of one north Florida highway near Lake Jackson, turtle mortality before installation of the fence was 11.9 turtles/km/day, while post-fence mortality was 0.09/ km/day, a reduction of more than 99% [16]. 

Doing this systematically and comprehensively across the nation will be one of the most important public works projects in America’s history. The corridor/connectivity issue is finally getting some of the public/political attention and funding it deserves [19]. For instance, in my home state of Virginia, I’m happy to report that the state Senate recently held a hearing on SB 455 which would create the Wildlife Corridor Grant Fund [see 20 for more on connectivity advocacy/issues in VA].

Direct Action

Until we systematically mitigate/ prevent/rectify these systemic sources of population decline, extirpation, and extinction – and even when we do –  direct action and assistance for turtles are essential. Renowned writer Sy Montgomery establishes this beautifully in her latest book, Of Time and Turtles [21]. 

Stopping your vehicle and getting turtles off of roads can make a big difference

(I move snakes off the road as well). You can usually do this without compromising your safety. Be gentle and move the turtle in the same direction it was going, as far off the road as you can place it. It doesn’t take up much of your time. 

And the turtles need all the help they can get. Please help and give them a brake. And encourage your family, friends and neighbors to do likewise. The turtles and I thank you.

Literature citations

1. Steen, D.A., J.P. Gibbs, K.A. Buhlmann, J.L. Carr, B.W. Compton, J.D. Congdon, J.S. Doody, J.C. Godwin, K.L. Holcomb, D.R. Jackson, F.J. Janzen, G. Johnson, M.T. Jones, J.T. Lamer, T.A. Langen, M.V. Plummer, J.W. Rowe, R.A. Saumure, J.K. Tucker, and D.S. Wilson. 2012. Terrestrial habitat requirements of nesting freshwater turtles. Biological Conservation 150: 121-128. 

2. Sterrett, S.C., L.L. Smith, S.W. Golladay, S.H. Schweitzer, and J.C. Maerz. 2011. The conservation implications of riparian land use on river turtles. Animal Conservation 1: 38-46. 

3. Refsnider, J.M. and M.H. Linck. 2012. Habitat use and movement patterns of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Minnesota, USA: A landscape approach to species conservation. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7: 185- 195. 

4. Kolbe, J.J., and F.J. Janzen. 2002. Impact of nest-site selection on nest success and nest temperature in natural and disturbed habitats. Ecology 83: 269-281.

5. Crawford, B.A., J.C. Maerz, N.P. Nibbelink, K.A. Buhlmann, and T.M. Norton. 2014. Estimating the consequences of multiple threats and management strategies for semi-aquatic turtles. Journal of Applied Ecology 51: 359–366. 

6. Steen, D.A., M.J. Aresco, S.G. Bielke, B.W. Compton, E.P. Congdon, C.K. Dodd Jr., H. Forrester, J.W. Gibbons, J.L. Greene, G. Johnson, T.A. Langen, M.J. Oldham, D.N. Oxier, R.A. Saumure, F.W. Shueler, J.M. Sleeman, L.L. Smith, J.K. Tucker, and J.P. Gibbs2006. Relative vulnerability of female turtles to road mortality. Animal Conservation 9: 269-273. 

7. Browne, C.L. and S.J. Hecnar. 2007. Species loss and shifting population structure of freshwater turtles despite habitat protection. Biological Conservation 138: 421–429. 

8. Gibbs, J.P. and G.D. Amato. 2000. “Genetics and Demography in Turtle Conservation”, pp. 207-217 in M.W. Klemens (ed.), Turtle Conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 334 pp.

9. Heppell, S.S., H. Caswell, and L.B. Crowder. 2000. Life histories and elasticity patterns: Perturbation analysis for species with minimal demographic data. Ecology 81: 654-665. 

10. See “feasible demography” in Seigel, R.A. 2005. “The importance of population demography in the conservation of Box Turtles: What do we know and what do we need to learn?”, pp. 6-7 in C. Swarth and S. Hagood (eds.), Summary of the Eastern Box Turtle Regional Conservation Workshop. Humane Society of the United States, Washington, D.C.

11. Congdon, J.D., A.E. Dunham, and R.C. van Loben Sels. 1993. Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. Conservation Biology 7(4): 826-833. 

12. Congdon, J.D., A.E. Dunham, and R.C. van Loben Sels. 1994. Demographics of common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms. American Zoologist 34: 397-408. 

13. Belzer, W. and S. Seibert. 2009. How do male box turtles find mates? Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter 13: 11–21. 

14. Reed, R.N. and J.W. Gibbons. 2003. Conservation status of live U.S. non-marine turtles in domestic and international trade. Report to US Department of the Interior and US Fish and Wildlife Service. 92 pp. Accessed at www.tiherp.org/docs/Library/Turtle_trade_report.pdf 

15. Riitters, K. and J. Wickham. 2003. How far to the nearest road? Front. Ecol. Environ. 1: 125–129. 

16. Aresco, M.J. 2005. Mitigation measures to reduce highway mortality of turtles and other herpetofauna at a north Florida lake. Journal of Wildlife Management 69: 549–560. 

17. Langen, T.A., K.M. Ogden, and L.L. Schwarting. 2008. Predicting Hot Spots of Herpetofauna Road Mortality Along Highway Networks. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(1): 104-114. 

18. Eberhardt, E., S. Mitchell, and L. Fahrig. 2013. Road Kill Hotspots Do Not Effectively Indicate Mitigation Locations When Past Road Kill Has Depressed Populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 77(7): 1353-1359.

19.  Goldfarb, B. 2023. Crossings: How road ecology is shaping the future of our planet. W.W. Norton Co., New York, NY. 384 pp.

20. Wild Virginia. 2024. “Virginia’s Habitat Connectivity Hub”