HAPPY BIRTHDAY MIKHAIL BAKUNIN

 

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin  30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1814 – 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary socialist and social anarchist tradition.^[5] Bakunin's prestige as a revolutionary also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe.

Mikhail Bakunin - Wikipedia

\

Bakunin and Marx: A Hundred Years’ Perspective

Robert M Cutler

"Introduction," pp. 15-29 in: Mikhail Bakunin: From Out of the Dustbin; Bakunin's Basic Writings, 1869-1871, ed. and trans. R.M. Cutler (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ardis Publishers, 1985). Reprinted as: The Basic Bakunin: Writings, 1869-1871, Great Books in Philosophy (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1992).

(99+) (PDF) 2. Bakunin and Marx: A Hundred Years’ Perspective | Robert M Cutler - Academia.edu

God and the State : Mikhail Bakunin : Free Download ...

https://archive.org/details/god_and_the_state_librivox

2007-01-29 · Bakunin's most famous work, published in various lengths, this version is the most complete form of the work published hitherto. Originally titled "Dieu et l'état", Bakunin intended it to be part of the second portion to a larger work named "The Knouto-Germanic Empire and the Social Revolution" (Knouto-Germanic Empire is in reference to a treaty betwixt Russia and Germany at the …

Edward Hallett Carr - Michael Bakunin PDF

https://anarcho-copy.org/copy/michael-bakunin

Edward Hallett Carr - Michael Bakunin PDF dosyası indirme sayfası. önceki sonraki. Edward Hallett Carr / Michael Bakunin PDF. pdf dosya bilgisi md5 İNDİR 2.5MB Mülkiyet Hırsızlıktır Copy (A) bu sayfa anarho-copy html generator tarafından oluşturulmuştur. 2021:05:01 14:30:59. pdf yükleme tarihi Wed, 12 Feb 2020 15:09:23 GMT ...

Works of Mikhail Bakunin 1873 - Marxists

https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1873/statism...

Source: Bakunin on Anarchy, translated and edited by Sam Dolgoff, 1971; See Also: Conspectus of Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy by Karl Marx, 1874. Statism and Anarchy is the first completed volume of

"Science & Society", Mr A. H. Nimtz & Bakunin

René Berthier

2016, "Science & Society", Mr A. H. Nimtz & Bakunin

162 Views89 Pages

1 File ▾

Show more ▾

An academic from the United States of America, August H. Nimtz, published in the journal "Science & Society" (July 2016) a short article entitled "Another 'side' to the Story" to which this text does not constitute an answer but rather a critical digression, which explains its length. Indeed, Mr. Nimtz's article condenses into three pages almost all of Marx's absurdities about Bakunin, and my text attempts to set the record straight, not from preconceived ideas but from documents of the time. My text also attempts to show that Mr. Nimtz's deeply rooted anti-Bakuninian prejudices, characteristic of Marxist historiography devoid of any critical examination of facts and documents, are a radical handicap that prevents analysis of the many points of convergence between the two men. The question is not whether social-democratic strategy or revolutionary syndicalist-type strategy (which was in fact the one advocated by Bakunin), was more effective in achieving immediate and temporary improvements in the living conditions of the working population; the question is: what would be the most effective way for this working population to collectively takeover all the machinery of society and to make it work so that it meets the needs of the entire population? The basis of the debate between Marx and Bakunin, between Marxism and Anarchism is there. Unfortunately, Marx’s stubborn refusal to discuss these issues, his obsession with accusing Bakunin of all kinds of evils, his systematic avoidance of debate, prevented the establishment of a real debate that could have led to a constructive synthesis.  (99+) (PDF) "Science & Society", Mr A. H. Nimtz & Bakunin | René Berthier - Academia.edu

Bakunin's Collectivist Anarchism

Simon B Monette

202 Views19 Pages

1 File ▾

Anarchism,

Libertarianism,

Collectivism,

Participatory Economics

​Mikhail Bakunin is now considered to be one of the greatest (if not the greatest) anarchist thinkers of the 19th century. Despite the fragmented nature of his writing, one finds in it those ideas which have become the foundation of modern collectivist anarchism. The task of this paper is to reconstruct and further explore those ideas. Firstly, we will explore Bakunin's conception of collectivist anarchism. This includes his collectivist conception of freedom, his critique of modern society, and his conception of collectivist anarchist social organization. Secondly, we will analyze James Guillaume's synthesis of Bakunin's ideas on social organization. We will finish by touching on the theory of Participatory Economics, a modern attempt to detail what collectivist anarchist society might look like.(99+) (PDF) Bakunin's Collectivist Anarchism | Simon B Monette - Academia.edu 

ANARCHISM, MARXISM, AND THE IDEOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CHICAGO IDEA

Saku Pinta

2009, WorkingUSA

30 Pages

1 File ▾Publication Date: 2009

Publication Name: WorkingUSA

 

 ANARCHISM, MARXISM, AND THEIDEOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THECHICAGO IDEA 

 wusa_247 421..450

Saku Pinta

The aim of this article is to reexamine the ideological composition of the “Chicago Idea” movement of the Haymarket Martyrs. Following the “morphological” approach of Michael Freeden, I will argue that the evolution of the revolutionary labor movement in Chicago 1876–1886 exhibits conceptual features common to both the Marxist and anarchist traditions—which deeply impacted its radical praxis and outlook—IN what might be regarded as an early “libertarian communist” formulation. The intellectual trajectory of the  Chicago Idea will be contextualized with reference to key developments in the international and American socialist milieu, showing both similarities and differences with its state socialist, insurrectionary, and individualist contemporaries. The Chicago Idea remains an important ideological configuration, especially in light of more recent efforts to forge a common ground between social anarchisms and revolutionary marxisms. Viewed in this light, an analysis of what Grubacic and Lynd have recently called the “Haymarket Synthesis” and its legacy shows that an anarchist/Marxist synthesis has deeper historical roots than most left historians have previously acknowledged and might provide one point of departure on which to reconceptu-alize a contemporary anarchist/Marxist synthesis.

(99+) (PDF) ANARCHISM, MARXISM, AND THE IDEOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CHICAGO IDEA | Saku Pinta - Academia.edu

Bakunin’s Anti-Jacobinism: ‘Secret Societies’ For Self-Emancipating Collectivist Social Revolution

Robert M Cutler

290 Views11 Pages

1 File ▾

European History,

Intellectual History,

Russian Studies,

Anarchism,

Anarchist Studies

 ...more ▾

Show more ▾

The three terms describing the goal of Bakunin’s ‘secret societies’ in this article’s subtitle (‘self-emancipating’, ‘collectivist’ and ‘social revolution’) correspond to the three following ‘antis’. Anti-Blanquism corresponds to the self-emancipation that the secret society transmits throughout society (rather than being emancipation decreed and enacted from on high). Anti-Bebelism corresponds to its collectivist nature, in contrast with the authoritarian communist nature of such a decreed revolution, also following Bakunin’s famous distinction between the two at the 1868 Geneva Congress of the League of Peace and Freedom. Anti-Bernsteinism corresponds to the social revolution itself and particularly its internationalist nature. An understanding of how these strands are interwoven throughout the ‘infrastructure’ of Bakunin’s mature anarchist thought and activity requires an awareness of the early and enduring influence upon him by Fichte as well as Hegel. At the convergence of these strands is his anarchist concept of the purpose and activity of the secret revolutionary organisation, or ‘secret society’. (99+) (PDF) Bakunin’s Anti-Jacobinism: ‘Secret Societies’ For Self-Emancipating Collectivist Social Revolution | Robert M Cutler - Academia.edu

The relationship between G. W. F. Hegel and Mikhail Bakunin.

Sebastian Averill

(99+) (PDF) The relationship between G. W. F. Hegel and Mikhail Bakunin. | Sebastian Averill - Academia.edu

Genesis of German liberalism

“not reaching heaven and not touching the earth"

René Berthier

From Chapter 1 (revised) of Bakounine politique, révolution et contre

révolution en Europe centrale (Bakunin Policy: Revolution and Counter

Revolution in Central Europe), Éditions du Monde libertaire, 1991.

Bakunin is often accused, including by some anarchist authors or close to the

movement, of being "germanophobic". Of course, when a conviction is deeply rooted,

there is no point in trying to extract it. 

"Bakounine politique, révolution et contre révolution en Europe centrale" (Bakunin

Policy, Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Central Europe) does not deal with the

Marx-Bakunin opposition as it is usually presented in the First International. The book

attempts to show the crucial importance that his reflections on the history and destiny

of Germany have played on the formation of Bakunin's political thought. 

The Russian revolutionary had a fascination for this country; he was a remarkable

connoisseur of its literature, its music. He knew Mozart's "Don Giovanni" by heart. His

knowledge of German philosophy acquired in Berlin from one of Hegel's disciples was

recognized by all. All his life he tried to find the key to this mysterious nation whose

bourgeoisie was never able to make its revolution.

But Bakunin did not put all the Germans in the same boat. He never confused the

German bourgeoisie on the one hand, and the proletariat and peasantry on the other.

He never attributed to the German working class the defects he perceived in the

bourgeoisie. 

(99+) (PDF) Bakunin : Genesis of German liberalism | René Berthier - Academia.edu

THE UNBORN DO NOT HAVE HUMAN RIGHTS

Thousands rally against abortion in Croatia

NEITHER DO THE UNDEAD
Issued on: 29/05/2021 -

Anti-abortion protesters march through Croatia's capital Zagreb 

Denis LOVROVIC AFP

Zagreb (AFP)

Thousands of anti-abortion demonstrators took to the streets on Saturday in Croatia, a largely Catholic country where human rights activists say reproductive rights are increasingly under threat.

The marchers in capital Zagreb, most of whom did not wear masks, waived Croatian flags, sang patriotic songs and carried banners such as "Unborn lives matter, too".

"It's our duty to advocate for protection of every human life, including unborn children", said Luka Hudincec, one of the organisers of the rally.

Various left-wing and feminist groups opposed the march by standing on the sidewalk, chanting while wearing bloody aprons and carrying clothes hangers -- a reference to illegal abortion.

The annual rally came only a day before local elections where polls overwhelmingly tip the left-green candidate to win over a conservative in Zagreb.

"We expect the politicians who represent us on both local and national level to uphold the basic human right -- the right to live", one of the organisers who introduced himself as Stjepan said.

Abortion is legal until the 10th week of pregnancy in Croatia under a 1978 law from when the country was still part of socialist Yugoslavia.

But more and more doctors refuse to conduct the procedure on moral grounds, swayed by rising religious pressure.

In 2017, the country's top court ruled that the current legislation is outdated, and rights groups fear this could pave the way for more restrictions.

Nearly 90 percent of Croatia's 4.2 million people are Catholics and the Church plays a central role in society.

© 2021 AFP

China censors Lady Gaga, LGBT references from ‘Friends’ reunion episode

Issued on: 29/05/2021 - 

The original cast of the TV series 'Friends' is seen above. The series has a huge following among young people in China and is even recommended in schools as a way to learn English. © Lee Celano, AFP/file

Text by:NEWS WIRES

Chinese fans of the popular sitcom "Friends" were furious after censors cut guest stars Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber and Korean boyband BTS from the much-awaited reunion episode.

When the one-off special of the beloved 1990s sitcom was streamed on three Chinese video platforms, cameos by the celebrities who have all incurred the wrath of the ruling Communist Party were removed from all versions.

Lady Gaga was banned from touring China in 2016 after she met with the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama, who has been labelled as a separatist by Beijing.

Bieber has been blocked since 2014 when he posted a photo of himself at the controversial Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo that honours Japan's war dead, including convicted war criminals from World War II.

Boyband BTS angered the party last year when they omitted any reference to Chinese fighters who died during the Korean War when speaking about the "history of pain" in the region.

Chinese fans were also quick to point out that local versions of "Friends: The Reunion" expunged all LGBTQ references from the special, which was several minutes shorter than the 104 minute show released worldwide on HBO Max on Thursday.

Chinese streaming services iQiyi, Youku and Tencent Video did not answer AFP queries about what prompted the censorship.

The sitcom about six white New Yorkers has a huge following among Chinese millennials and is even recommended in schools as a way to learn English.

The show's popularity has also spawned Central Perk cafes in several Chinese cities, styled after the hangout regularly featured in the show.

'Mangled'

Angry fans took to social media to vent out their frustration at the censorship

"I was waiting for weeks to watch the Friends reunion only to find that the version streamed in China was all mangled," wrote one user.

"Why can't the censors just let us enjoy a sitcom?" asked another.

Earning the wrath of Chinese authorities has become costly for entertainers after China became the world's box office last year surpassing the United States.

Earlier this week, American wrestler and actor John Cena apologised after stirring a hornet's nest by referring to Taiwan as a country while promoting his latest movie "Fast and Furious 9." Beijing considers the democratic island a renegade province.

(AFP)

US soldiers accidentally leak nuclear secrets via study apps — report

Online study aids used by US soldiers stationed at nuclear bases around Europe have been found to contain sensitive details. An investigation by Bellingcat uncovered the leak.


European disarmament activists argue that secrecy around US nukes in Europe inhibits debate on hosting weapons

Troops on US bases in Europe housing nuclear weapons have been using publicly accessible online flashcard apps to remember long and complex security protocols, the investigative website Bellingcat revealed on Friday.

The military personnel turned to sites such as Quizlet, Chegg Prep and Cram to memorize codes, jargon and even the status of nuclear vaults, according to the report.

While European governments generally refuse to confirm or deny the specific locations of US nuclear weapons being stored within their borders, leaked documents, photos and comments by retired officials often confirm the presence of the weapons.

The latest leaks, however, have gone so far as to identify the exact number and location of the weapons within the bases, including whether the vaults they are stored in are "hot" — with live weapons — or "cold."

How did Bellingcat discover the secret information?

The author of the investigative piece, Foeke Postma, explained that the researchers were able to discover the flashcards belonging to the active soldiers by searching for certain terms known to be associated with nuclear bases.

The result was the unearthing of several sets of flashcards revealing information about several bases around Europe, including in Germany, the Netherlands and Turkey.

One set of 70 cards with the title "Study!" disclosed the number of live and non-live nuclear weapons at the Volkel Air Base in the Netherlands, which the Dutch government considers a secret.

Other sets revealed how soldiers are supposed to react to various levels of alarm, where security cameras are located on site, and "duress words" that soldiers give over the phone to show that they had been, for example, taken hostage by attackers.


TECHNOLOGIES THAT REVOLUTIONIZED WARFARE
AI: 'Third revolution in warfare'
Over 100 AI experts have written to the UN asking them to ban lethal autonomous weapons — those that use AI to act independently. No so-called "killer robots" currently exist, but advances in artificial intelligence have made them a real possibility. Experts said these weapons could be "the third revolution in warfare," after gunpowder and nuclear arms. PHOTOS 12345678910

How have people reacted to the leak?

Bellingcat discovered flashcards dating back as far as 2013 and as recent as April 2021.

The site contacted NATO and the US military for comment before publishing their story, after which the cards that had been discovered were removed.

Director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Jeffrey Lewis, spoke to Bellingcat about the leaks, calling them a "flagrant breach" in security practices.

He added that the secrecy over nuclear weapons in Europe is not about protecting the weapons, but rather protecting political and military leaders from having to "answer tough questions about whether NATO's nuclear-sharing arrangements still make sense today. This is yet one more warning that these weapons are not secure."

How North Korea uses Berlin universities for propaganda

North Korea's elite university brags of alleged partnerships with Western institutes, including two German ones. Those, however, bristle at the notion of partnership. DW investigates.


Kim Il Sung University is considered the pinnacle of the country's higher education system

Those who have been selected by the regime to study at North Korea's top university, the Kim Il Sung University in Pyongyang, belong to the country's academic elite. Named after the founder of North Korea, it is the most important institution for training cadres in the isolated, communist country. It also proudly claims to be the alma mater of the state's current leader Kim Jong Un.

Generally, North Koreans' contacts with the rest of the world are kept to a minimum, including in higher education establishments. So it is all the more surprising that on the English version of its website, Kim Il Sung University boasts of being associated with dozens of partner schools around the world, including two in Germany. Apparently, the university has cleverly compiled an imposing list of past, current and alleged partnerships with "sister universities" and claims that "international academic exchanges are in full swing."
'Sister universities' deny claim

However, many of the named universities would beg to disagree, and do not want to be associated with North Korea at all. DW has discovered that several of them, including Berlin's renowned Humboldt University, are resisting being described as "sister universities." They say that they are doing all they can to have their names removed from the website, but so far Kim Il Sung University has failed to respond to their requests. It also did not respond to DW's inquiries.

Screenshot of the Kim Il Sung University claiming to show its 'sister universities' worldwide

Risk of knowledge transfer

The supposed "sister universities" have good reason to be on the defensive, considering that the UN Security Council's sanctions prohibit scientific cooperation with North Korea in order to prevent the flow of sensitive information that could be used by North Korea's communist regime to produce weapons of mass destruction.

Any university that invites academics or students from North Korea risks violating the strict sanctions. The UN Panel of Experts on North Korea has warned that even access to the internet or to a library could suffice for crucial information to be inadvertently divulged. It asked the universities named on the North Korean university's website for an official comment, which it published in its annual report at the beginning of March.
Humboldt University: No cooperation with NK

In its answer, Humboldt University reassured the UN that there was no cooperation whatsoever with the North Korean university. So why was its name mentioned on the website? Humboldt University spokesperson Hans-Christoph Keller could only speculate that it stemmed from there having once been a "fixed contractual cooperation" during the era of the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR). This would have been before 1990, when Germany was still a divided country. Keller told DW that there was a possibility that the contract had never been formally terminated. He added that the university was currently doing everything to ensure that its name was removed from the website.

In 2013, Kim Jong Un inspected a new building on the campus of the Kim Il Sung university

Free University: Language exchange program

The situation is more complicated at Berlin's Freie Universität, where the Korean Studies discipline has become extremely popular in recent years. The head of the department, Eun-Jeung Lee, who is from South Korea, travelled to Pyongyang in September 2018, responding to an invitation by Kim Il Sung University. She was accompanied by several colleagues and the Berlin delegation handed a letter of intent regarding future cooperation to their host.

Then in January 2020, a group of 12 students from the German Studies department of Kim Il Sung University visited Freie Universität to hone their language skills. Experts on North Korea assume that the young people were hand-picked loyal members of the country's elite. They stayed in Germany for three weeks, so they had plenty of time to get to know the host school.
'No access' to technology

Was this trip compatible with the UN sanctions? The Freie Universität says yes. "During the whole time, the students had no access to Freie Universität's WLAN or intranet, no electronic devices were provided. Homework and other assignments were all hand-written," the university told the UN Security Council in its statement in January 2021.

North Koreans studying the German language visited Berlin's FU campus for three weeks in January 2020

It added that the German Federal Foreign Office had been closely involved with the preparations for the visit whose entire cost was borne by North Korea. It also said that it was "misleading" to name the Freie Universität as a partner on the Kim Il Sung University website because a formal contract between the two establishments had never been signed.

The UN Security Council was convinced and the UN Panel of Experts on North Korea told DW that the exchange "did not represent a breach of UN sanctions." It added that the Freie Universität "had also taken sensible precautionary technical measures to prevent intangible technology transfer."

Observation by North Korean minders

Katharina Landgraf, the chair of the German-Korean Parliamentary Friendship Group, was able to acquire a personal impression of the 12 North Korean students when she received them in the German Bundestag, where the young people were constantly monitored by members of their delegation.

Bundestag parliamentarian Katharina Langraf has visited North Korea twice

Landgraf recalled that the atmosphere during their meeting was tense and that the young people were "very reserved." She explained that despite the fact that their German was very good they had not dared to ask questions and talk to her. "It was quite oppressive," she said.
Prestige for Kim Jong Un

Is it a wise move for prestigious German universities to cooperate with dictatorships such as North Korea? Landgraf, who has travelled to the isolated country twice, said that it was important to be extremely cautious when it came to academic exchanges but that language programs "in small doses" could be justified as they opened up "a small window into our world."

She admitted that such international cooperation brought great prestige to Kim Jong Un's regime and could thus be exploited for propaganda purposes: "It's part of a strategy to keep people on side and to show strength. A certain openness to the world is propagated or feigned."

Pyongyang wants acknowledgement

International recognition is a valuable commodity for North Korea, which the regime seeks on several levels, not only political. But a German North Korea expert in Seoul, who preferred to remain anonymous, said that it was impossible to be naive when it came to any relationship with North Korea. "State political interests are behind all proposals of cooperation." Apparently, European universities are not willing to give up their good names for that.

Charles University in Prague has said that it is making all efforts to remove its name from the Pyongyang uni's website

It was the Czech security services that revealed to Prague's prestigious Charles University that it, too, was listed by Kim Il Sung University as one of its partners. A spokesperson for the university, which at the time had no idea, told DW that there was "no cooperation" between the two institutions and said that the North Korean university had been asked to remove its name from the list, but had not yet responded. "The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs is monitoring the whole situation and actively trying to remedy the process," the spokesperson added.

Berlin's Humboldt University has also indicated that if its direct attempts to convince Kim Il Sung University to remove its name from its list of "sister universities" fail then it too might well contact the German Foreign Office.

This article was translated from German.