Sunday, September 05, 2021

ALBERTA
Should I stay or should I go: Oil, gas workers consider prospects amid global energy transition

By Heather Yourex-West Global News
Posted September 2, 2021 

WATCH: As the world transitions away from fossil fuels, jobs in the oil and gas industry will continue to disappear. The concept of a 'just transition' suggests a healthy economy and clean environment can and should co-exist. But as Heather Yourex-West explains, that transition is easier said than done.


For Jenine Campbell-Cove, a career in the oil and gas industry just made sense.

A member of the Saulteau First Nation, in northeast British Columbia, Campbell-Cove was 19 when she began working on a pipeline.

“I learned how to do everything … run equipment, welding, labouring — it’s so multi-faceted and it was really great,” Campbell-Cove says.

Her career in oil and gas lasted nearly two decades, but several years ago she began pursuing a career change. After years of ups and downs, her future prospects in the industry seemed uncertain and Campbell-Cove didn’t want to be left behind.



“I had been trying to get out of it for so long, but what do you do when you don’t have any transferable skills or education?” she said.

“I know a lot of people were like, ‘What do we do? What are we going to do? What can we do?’ And the answer was always the same: we can’t do anything.”

An injury finally forced the mother out of the industry last year, but she says making the transition wasn’t easy. Campbell-Cove ultimately had to relocate in order to find work and she believes more needs to be done to help other workers who are trying to make a career change.

Jim Stanford, an economist and the director of the Centre for Future Work, says Alberta workers have been “left to their own devices” in bearing the pain of energy market disruptions and he believes governments need to begin planning to ensure those still working in the industry are prepared for what’s to come.

“There’s no doubt anymore that we are transitioning away from fossil fuels and that transition is happening faster than we expected,” Stanford said.

“Just burying our heads in the sand isn’t helping workers.”



According to Energy Safety Canada, the oil and gas industry has shed over 40,000 jobs since August 2014. The labour pool is shrinking, too, as more workers pursue opportunities in other fields.

Stanford believes the industry will continue to shed jobs over the next several decades.

“I think we have a very clear idea of the timeline. The world has recognized we need to get to net zero by 2050, so that’s a runway of less than 30 years and the more we delay, the harder it becomes,” he says.

“A vital lesson of transition planning is if you start soon and do it gradually, the impact on workers and communities is much, much reduced.

“Our research shows that you can phase out direct fossil fuel employment in Canada over a 20-year period and almost all of the adjustment can be taken up through early retirements and other voluntary transitions.”


Stephen Buhler says he would be happy to transition out of the industry now — if he could find the work.

The journeyman machinist has worked in oil and gas since graduating from high school 13 years ago. He worries about the future viability of the industry and about climate change, too.

It’s why he volunteers with Iron & Earth, a non-profit advocacy group of oil and gas workers calling on the government to help workers in the sector transition to jobs in other fields.


“For me, personally, I would love to see more work in renewable energy projects, maybe geo-thermal projects or helping support wind and the solar industry, as well.”



READ MORE: OPEC cuts oil demand forecasts, BP sees ‘peak oil’ in 2020s


Of course, not everyone currently employed in the industry is looking to transition out.

Iggy Domalgaski is the CEO of Tundra Process Solutions, supplying equipment to the oil and gas industry and other sectors.

Domalgaski believes his company will continue to work with the industry for the rest of his career and many more years to come, but he also concedes things are changing, too.

“We’ll always continue to focus on oil and gas but a lot of these big capital projects like building large oil sands facilities those aren’t really happening anymore, so naturally over time our business has diversified and will continue to diversify.”

According to forecasts from International Energy Agency the global demand for oil will rise until at least 2026, though multiple forecasters project that demand will peak within the next 20 years.

3:00Could decarbonization be Canada’s path to reach climate goals?



Could decarbonization be Canada’s path to reach climate goals?

© 2021 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.
Alberta will 'immediately' fill nurse shortages with third-party staff: Nurses union

THEY COST MORE WHILE UCP 
WANTS TO CUT NURSES PAY


Adam Lachacz
CTVNewsEdmonton.ca Digital Producer
Saturday, September 4, 2021


EDMONTON -- The union representing nurses says Alberta Health Services (AHS) informed them it will “immediately” begin filling staffing shortages by hiring contract nurses from three agencies across Canada.

In a statement on Saturday, United Nurses of Alberta (UNA) disclosed it received an email notifying them that “AHS will use contracted resources to address short-term contracting issues” as the hospital system deals with surges in patients due to the fourth wave of COVID-19.

According to the UNA, the three nursing agencies are Toronto-based Greenstaff Medical Canada, Northern Nursing Solutions from Airdrie, Alta., and Vancouver’s Brylu Staffing
.

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AHS also told the union it was withdrawing a previous labour relations board complaint against the UNA where the health care authority alleged the union participated in bargaining in bad faith by making public statements that AHS was in talks with Greenstaff.

According to the email UNA received, AHS said the nurses’ collective agreement permits the use of contract nurses and is the health care authority’s “current practice.”
Nurses union, AHS exchange words about use of third party nurses
AHS had 'preliminary discussions' about potentially hiring contract nurses to address staff shortages

AHS told the UNA it would disclose when a contract with any of the agencies was reached. The UNA says it has not received information from AHS about what staffing agencies will pay nurses.

“UNA nurses have not received any pay increases for the past five years and will continue to press the employer in negotiations to being to take negotiations seriously for Registered Nurses and Registered Psychiatric Nurses, and to address the chronic staffing crisis faced by Alberta health care facilities,” the UNA said.
In August, the UNA said Greenstaff Medical offered to pay nurses it employs to work at AHS facilities $55 an hour for general acute care and up to $75 an hour for ICU and emergency department shifts, as well as weekend premiums, a housing allowance, and shift differentials. Union member nurses working for AHS are currently paid between $36.86 and $48.37 per hour.

'SIGNIFICANT' CAPACITY ISSUES: AHS


Kerry Williamson, AHS spokesperson told CTV News Edmonton in a statement, that Alberta is facing "significant" capacity issues, particularly in ICUs.

"We are doing all we can to open additional capacity, however our biggest challenge right now is finding available healthcare workers to staff those surge beds," Williamson said. "This critical staffing challenge is limiting our ability to open additional beds, which in turn is placing strain on our ability to care for patients.

'This is not a quick fix': Experts worry vaccine incentive is too little too late for Alberta

"In order to alleviate this staffing challenge, AHS is again working with contract staff supplied by staffing agencies, as a last resort to prevent further disruption of services and patient care."

Williamson added that there are no specifics about the use of third-party nurses as conversations with the agencies have just begun.


Registered nurse Linda Wright attends to a patient in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit at Surrey Memorial Hospital in Surrey, B.C., Friday, June 4, 2021. 
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jonathan Hayward


UNA receives confirmation Alberta hiring contract nurses to address staffing shortage

By Radana Williams Global News
Posted September 4, 2021 
View image in full screen
The United Nurses of Alberta says the province is bringing on contract workers to address a staff shortage. 


The United Nurses of Alberta says the province is hiring contract nurses to address severe staffing shortages in hospitals.


The UNA says it received an email from Alberta Health Services’ lead negotiator Kim LeBlanc Friday, notifying the union that “as is our current practice and allowed by the collective agreement, AHS will use contracted resources to address short-term contracting issues” during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the letter, AHS says it will immediately begin working with three staffing agencies: Toronto-based Greenstaff Medical Canada, Northern Nursing Solutions of Airdrie and Brylu Staffing of Vancouver.

As a result, the UNA says AHS is withdrawing its Aug. 16 Labour Relations Board complaint against the association.

READ MORE: Alberta nurses’ union seeks formal mediation, ‘one step closer to potential job action’

AHS alleged in the complaint the union bargained in bad faith by making public statements that AHS was in discussions with Greenstaff Medical Canada and other third-party recruiters to hire registered nurses to work in Alberta at rates significantly higher than those paid under the UNA collective agreement.

A bargaining update published by UNA on Aug. 13 made specific references to pay rates included in postings by Greenstaff Medical Canada.


UNA’s director of labour relations David Harrigan says the email did not indicate the rates AHS expects to pay the staffing agencies for contract nurses, but it’s likely to be significantly more than nurses currently make.

“If you’re a nurse who’s been working 16 hours a day for the past 16 months, and the employer is saying you’re not good enough and I’m cutting your pay, to hear that they’re now bringing in agency nurses, who will earn anywhere from $55 to $75 an hour, which is like $25 more than the top RN makes, there is just no better way for this government to say we have absolutely no respect for nurses,” Harrigan said.



READ MORE: Alberta COVID-19 modelling projects province could see up to 300 ICU admissions this month

AHS confirmed it’s hiring contract nurses because it’s experiencing significant capacity issues, particularly in intensive care units, which are at 95 per cent capacity.

“We are doing all we can to open additional capacity, however, our biggest challenge right now is finding available health-care workers to staff those surge beds,” said AHS spokesperson Kerry Williamson.

“This critical staffing challenge is limiting our ability to open additional beds, which in turn is placing strain on our ability to care for patients.”

Williamson added this is permissible under the existing collective agreement.

The UNA says nurses have not received any pay increases for the past five years. The union is currently in contract negotiations with the province and is seeking formal mediation.

© 2021 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.


 Calgary

Alberta to bring in out-of-province contract nurses as COVID-19 patients fill hospitals

Province's intensive care units were 95 per cent full on Friday as 4th wave surges

Health-care workers attend to a COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit at the Peter Lougheed Centre in Calgary on Nov. 14, 2020. (Leah Hennel/Submitted by AHS)

Alberta is working with out-of-province staffing agencies to bring in contract nurses, as hospitals contend with staff shortages and full beds due to the surging fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The United Nurses of Alberta (UNA), the union representing more than 30,000 nurses in the province, says it was notified on Friday by Alberta Health Services (AHS) that the province plans to immediately bring in contractors to address staffing shortages.

AHS is working with Toronto-based Greenstaff Medical Canada, Vancouver's Brylu Staffing and Northern Nursing Solutions of Airdrie, Alta., the nurses' union said in a news release.

As of Friday, 515 COVID-19 patients were in Alberta hospitals, including 118 in intensive care beds. More than 20 municipalities across the province had reductions in acute care beds, many due to staffing shortages.

The province's ICUs were at 95 per cent capacity, and as many as 60 per cent of scheduled surgeries were being postponed in some areas.

AHS said the move to hire contract nurses from staffing agencies is a "last resort."

"We are doing all we can to open additional capacity. However, our biggest challenge right now is finding available health-care workers to staff those surge beds," AHS confirmed in an emailed statement. "This critical staffing challenge is limiting our ability to open additional beds, which in turn is placing strain on our ability to care for patients."

Provincial modelling has suggested that up to 700 people could be in hospital with COVID-19 by the end of this month.

"This is a last resort, as our local supply of nurses is close to being exhausted," AHS said.

Nurses are exhausted, union says

Two weeks ago, AHS invoked emergency work rules for nurses, which could force them to work mandatory overtime or cancel time off to address staffing gaps.

David Harrigan, UNA's director of labour relations, said nurses are exhausted.

"It's not unusual to have [hospitals] over capacity and understaffed. You know, in some ways I can see why AHS has to bring in contractors because it is a real crisis," he told CBC News. "But the answer is to sit down and say ... how can we retain employees instead of abusing current employees?"

AHS is also withdrawing a labour relations board complaint it had made against the UNA, the union said. The complaint alleged that the union was bargaining in bad faith by publicly stating that AHS was discussing hiring registered nurses with third-party recruiters at higher rates than those paid under the collective agreement.

"They publicly accused UNA of being dishonest, because we said that they were in discussions with contract nurses. And then on Friday ... they wrote to us that, in fact, they are in discussions," Harrigan said.

A job posting from Greenstaff Medical Canada on Indeed.com, posted one month ago, said it was urgently hiring for casual RN positions in Edmonton, with wages starting at $75 per hour. The top rate an RN can make in Alberta right now is $48 per hour.

"Nurses have been working 16 hours a day, overworked, for 16 months. Their employer is saying to them, 'Thanks a lot. By the way, we're going to cut your wages.' And now they turn around and bring in people that they will pay $55 to $75 an hour," Harrigan said. "There's just no better way to show the public and the nurses that they have zero respect for health care."

The UNA said that AHS has now committed to disclosing when it reaches a contract with any staffing agencies but that it has not said what rate it expects to pay the contract nurses.

The union is currently calling for a two per cent wage increase, saying nurses haven't received a raise in five years; AHS has proposed a three per cent salary rollback.





 ALBERTA 




ROFLMAO

This is not a time for moral judgements’: Kenney responds to criticism of $100 vaccination incentive

Premier Jason Kenney responds to criticism the Alberta government is rewarding unvaccinated people with $100 rather than punishing them with restrictions, saying the province is looking at a variety of ways to increase the province’s vaccination rate, which is among the lowest in Canada.





YIPPEE-KI-YAY! KENNEY GOVERNMENT EXEMPTS WEEKEND RODEOS FROM A FEEBLE COVID-19 RULE


JASON KENNEY CELEBRATES THE BEST SUMMER EVER ™ AT THE CALGARY STAMPEDE IN JULY 
(PHOTO: CHRIS SCHWARZ, GOVERNMENT OF ALBERTA).

Alberta Politics

DAVID CLIMENHAGA
POSTED ON SEPTEMBER 05, 2021

Friday’s jaw-dropping “Kenney Pennies” announcement may have included a few feeble temporary measures to slow surging COVID-19 infection rates and ease the strain on the fraying health care system, but it took less than 24 hours for word to leak the Alberta government has created special exemptions for rodeos.

So while as of yesterday restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs, nightclubs and the like were required to stop serving alcohol at 10 p.m., it turns out rodeo beer gardens will be allowed to go on serving till 2 a.m.


Alberta culture, as imagined by that old Ottawa hand, Mr. Kenney (Photo: Originator not identified).

Yesterday morning, sharp-eyed Facebookers spotted Airdrie Pro Rodeo cheerfully announcing “the Provincial Government has granted us an exception for our FCA Rodeo September 4th & 5th. Therefore beer gardens will carry on as usual and will be open until 2am.”

As this is written, presumably, rodeo goers in the bedroom community of 70,000 north of Calgary, where the full vaccination rate is said to be well under 60 per cent, have lots of time to chug more beers and celebrate the infectious end of Alberta’s Best Summer Ever ™.

Similar exemptions were soon discovered at other Alberta weekend rodeos in Ponoka, Rockyford, and Benalto. This being Alberta, there are likely more.

But that’s just the way we roll here in Wild Rose Country.

If you’re a friend of the United Conservative Party, or better yet a Friend of Kenney (FOK), you don’t have to phone up and beg for an exemption. Someone will phone you.

And if there aren’t any exemptions, restrictions tend to be timed to take place after events the premier wants to happen – and Mr. Kenney loves rodeo. (What’s with that, anyway? Is it because he spent so many years in Ottawa he thinks that’s the real Alberta?)


Indeed, it was Mr. Kenney’s determination to reopen in time for the Calgary Stampede in July that is credited for some of the current Delta-variant-fuelled coronavirus surge that has ICU occupancy at 95 per cent province-wide. And God forbid, as Mr. Kenney put it in Friday’s news conference at which he announced those $100 gift cards for tardy vaccine recipients, that we should ever have to re-close!


Progress Alberta’s Jim Storrie (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).

If you’re not an FOK, it can be a little harder to get permission to break the rules, but not impossible.

CTV Calgary reporter Timm Bruch tweeted last night that Alberta Health “reached out” to Calgary Pride, which had been denied a liquor licence under the new restrictions, to advise them they too had an exemption to serve alcohol into the wee hours last night and tonight.

Needless to say, these exemptions may make political sense, but they don’t make any sense from a public health perspective. Alas, as has become increasingly evident over the past year, the office of Alberta’s chief medical officer of health is now a political office.

As the Progress Report’s Jim Storrie asked yesterday, “You ever hear that bit about how conservatism is all about defining one group that has to obey the law but isn’t protected by it and another group that gets protected by the law but doesn’t have to obey it?”

Well, that’s Alberta in a beer glass.

Meanwhile, COVID infection rates and chronic understaffing has Alberta Health Services so far behind the 8-ball it’s admitted to signing deals with staffing agencies to hire contract nurses from other provinces to address staff shortages in Alberta hospitals.

The admission came in the form of an email to the labour relations director of United Nurses of Alberta, which represents more than 30,000 Alberta nurses, conceding that AHS did intend to hire contract nurses during the fourth wave of the pandemic.

By the way, the email said, AHS will be dropping its August labour board complaint in which it accused the union of bargaining in bad faith by saying AHS was using staffing agencies to hire contract nurses and planning to pay them more than UNA members are paid now.

In its current negotiations with UNA for a new collective agreement, AHS is demanding pay cuts of 3 per cent from every one of its RNs and RPNs!

You’d almost think, at a time like this, it would make more sense to stop trying to cut nurses’ pay and keep making bars close early!

Three rodeos granted exemption to 10 p.m. liquor sales curfew not long after those rules were unveiled.

Author of the article: Brodie Thomas
Publishing date: Sep 04, 2021 • 
CALGARY HERALD
 
Three Alberta rodeos were granted exemptions to new temporary limits on the sale of alcohol after 10 p.m. 
PHOTO BY NICOLE BENGIVENO /NYT

Three rodeos received exemptions from new COVID-19 public health restrictions limiting alcohol sales, not long after those rules were unveiled.

Health Minister Tyler Shandro announced Friday a curfew on liquor sales in licensed establishments after 10 p.m., part of rules and recommendations meant to quell the spread of COVID-19 during this current fourth wave.

Ponoka Mayor Rick Bonnett said the provincial government found his town and others a “grey area” that allowed them to avoid the newly implemented liquor sales limits for its long weekend rodeos.

Bonnett said the Ponoka’s Stampede was already hampered earlier this summer because it was set to take place just before the July 1 reopening. Organizers moved it to the Labour Day long weekend.

“We put together the (event), and here on Friday at noon the government and Alberta Health comes out with the shutdown again, after ticket sales had been done,” he said.

Bonnett said the Saturday night concert following the chuckwagon races is a popular event, and stopping alcohol sales in the middle would not have been ideal.

“I think we’d incite a riot if we told people at 10 o’clock, halfway through a concert, that the bar was closing. I don’t think we want to see what could happen with 3,000 or 4,000 people getting upset.”

Bonnett reached out to his area MLA, Ron Orr, and was told special event licences were not on the order signed by chief medical officer of health Dr. Deena Hinshaw on Friday.

“The cabinet committee obviously was contacted,” said Bonnett. “We are basically going off what Alberta Health said — that they didn’t have special events listed in there.”

But Hinshaw’s order specifically lists “Special Event Licenses” under heading 5.4, noting persons who hold these licences are prohibited from selling liquor after 10 p.m.

In an emailed statement, an Alberta Health spokesperson said selected once-a-year events have been granted a public interest exemption over the course of the pandemic, adding these exemptions are not new.

“Exemptions are granted due to the event’s importance to the local economy and community,” read the statement. “Current exemptions are all for open-air events. Each event is considered individually, and mask requirements continue to apply to any indoor component.”

Alberta Health said three exemptions were granted — for the Ponoka rodeo, the Airdrie Rodeo, and the Cochrane rodeo.

When reached by Postmedia Saturday afternoon, organizers of the Cochrane Lions Club Rodeo said in an email they were not granted an exemption and would be following the new COVID-19 rules.

Two rodeos not mentioned by Alberta Health — Daines Ranch Pro Rodeo near Innisfail and Benalto Agricultural Society’s rodeo — both posted on their Facebook pages they had approval to ignore the 10 p.m. liquor curfew.

Bonnett noted the Ponoka Stampede is a huge event in his town, with many business owners relying on the event to break even in a fiscal year. He also said money from the admission to the Stampede goes back into the community and not-for-profit organizations that provide volunteers to work at the event.

“I’m thankful to the government for at least finding us a grey area for the weekend, and I don’t think anyone wants to be law-breaking citizens here,” said Bonnett.

However, Calgary business owner Chris Hewitt said he’s been left scrambling to cancel or reschedule Calgary Pride events he had planned at his establishment, Dickens Pub.

Chris Hewitt, owner of Dickens Pub, poses for a photo inside the bar in this file photo from Nov. 2020. 
PHOTO BY BRENDAN MILLER/POSTMEDIA

“We don’t get any exemptions,” said Hewitt. “Nobody is coming to us with these options.”

He said he felt angry and defeated after hearing about the rodeos’ exemptions. He’s also baffled at how they could get their exemptions so quickly.

“Anybody who’s applied for things from the government knows that they do not turn around in the space of a few hours,” said Hewitt.

He feels it was the rush to reopen for another rodeo event — The Calgary Stampede — that has contributed to this fourth wave.

“All the wrong people are getting rewarded all the time for this behaviour,” said Hewitt.

A PUBLIC GOOD PRIVATIZED

U.S. Power Grid Is At Risk Of Catastrophic Failure

Future electricity systems must be made more resilient

Prolonged blackouts in Louisiana following Hurricane Ida are a reminder the power grid needs to become more resilient as well as reliable if even more services such as electric vehicles are going to depend on it in the future.

The electricity system is already directly responsible for providing a wide range of energy services in homes, offices, and factories, including space heating, air-conditioning, cooking, refrigeration, and power. The grid is also at the heart of a collection of other critical systems, including oil and gas supply, water and sewerage, transport, communications, public safety, and healthcare, which cannot function properly without it.

In the future, the grid is likely to be responsible for the provision of even more energy services as policymakers push to electrify many remaining services as part of the strategy for achieving net-zero emissions.

But in the rush to electrify the entire energy system, policymakers may be inadvertently increasing the vulnerability of the economy and society in the event of a large-area, long-duration power failure.

Rather than several closely connected but separate systems for electricity, gas, oil, and transport, in the future there will increasingly be only one very tightly integrated system, increasing its vulnerability to catastrophic failure.

The risk created by linking formerly separate systems into a central system prone to a single point of failure has been understood for decades (“Brittle power: energy strategy for national security“, Lovins, 1982). In particular, the more tightly coupled systems become, the greater the risk an unanticipated problem in one part could cascade through the whole (“Normal accidents: living with high-risk technologies“, Perrow, 1999). 

At present, blackouts render some services unavailable (lighting, power), but households and businesses may be able to use others (gas heating, gasoline vehicles). In the future, blackouts could disrupt substantially all energy services.

Grid Resilience

Policymakers will need to pay more attention to the reliability of the electricity system, minimizing the risk of blackouts occurring, usually by ensuring adequate generation is available and the system can absorb shocks. But even in a well-run system, some blackouts are inevitable, so policymakers will also have to pay more attention to resilience, ensuring in the event of failure, the system recovers quickly and adverse consequences are minimized.

Enhancing the resilience of the nation’s electricity system“ was the focus of a major research study published by the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2017.

Researchers identified a range of threats, including cyberattacks, drought, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, ice storms, operational errors, physical attacks, tornadoes, space weather, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. Most interruptions to the electricity are usually localized, last for only a few hours, and the results are typically inconvenient rather than critical.

Electricity users with critical needs, such as hospitals, police stations, and nuclear power plants, prepare for temporary interruptions by installing batteries or diesel-fueled generators.

Even so, 1% of diesel generators at nuclear power plants fail to start on-demand and 15% fail after 24 hours of continuous operation. Hospital generators fail to start 10% of the time. Home generators are even less reliable.

But large-area, long-duration interruptions to electric service occur much more frequently than most users assume, with much more serious consequences. 

Massive Blackouts

In the last 40 years, North America has seen a series of large blackouts that have interrupted service to at least 10,000 megawatts of customer load, the equivalent to the entire peak power demand of New York City.

Major outages have included the Northeast blackout in August 2003 (70,000 MW of lost customer load), West Coast blackout in August 1996 (33,000 MW), Quebec’s geomagnetic storm in March 1989 (20,000 MW), the U.S./Canada ice storm in January 1998 (19,000 MW) and Superstorm Sandy in October 2012 (20,000 MW). In the aftermath of large-scale blackouts, many customers have had power restored within a few hours or a day or two, but some customers have been without power for a month or longer.

In the January 1998 ice storm, three out of the four major transmission lines in the Montreal area went off-line, and much of the city lost its water supply after its filtration plant and pumping stations lost power.

Officials considered evacuating the city or moving residents to facilities like Olympic Stadium. Disruptions rippled through food supply chains, transportation, communications, and other economic activities for weeks.

In the south shore area, which became known as the “triangle of darkness”, power remained out for two to three weeks. Grocery stores were unable to open or ran out of basic necessities, gas stations ran out of (or were unable to pump) fuel, and basic transport services were erratic.

Outside North America, the downtown area of Auckland, New Zealand, lost nearly all grid service for five weeks in the summer of 1998 when the four main cables serving the area failed in rapid succession.

Massive power grid failures are uncomfortably common and can leave hundreds of thousands or even millions of customers without electric service for weeks. The consequences will become even more severe in the future if more and more energy services are moved from other systems (such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas) onto the electric grid.

Policymakers, regulators, and utilities must therefore focus on improving reliability and resilience at the same time as electrification and decarbonization to minimize the threat of catastrophic failure.

Grid Investment

Reliability and resilience are not the same, though they are often closely associated, and the National Academies’ study emphasized the need for more focus on resilience issues in utility planning.

Blackouts during the big freeze in Texas in February 2021 and the Northeast United States in August 2003 were primarily reliability failures, caused by the failure to manage generation properly. But the prolonged power outage expected in Louisiana and the ice storm in Quebec were primarily resilience failures.

Reliability and resilience failures are both low-frequency, high-impact events, which require expensive investments to reduce the expected consequences, making it hard to build support.

Boosting resilience often requires hardening transmission and distribution systems by undergrounding wires, replacing wooden poles with concrete ones, strengthening towers, stockpiling replacement transformers, and raising substations above potential flood levels.

More generally, electricity systems need to build in sufficient spare capacity and redundancy to make them more reliable and more resilient in the event that one or more components fail.

Different customers may put different values on reliability and resilience depending on their circumstances and depending on the length of the service interruption, which makes building a consensus even harder.

For example, hospitals and oil refineries may put a higher value on uninterrupted winter than a residential customer with a backup generator. Short interruptions may be tolerable while long ones are unacceptable.

Electricity suppliers often find it hard to convince regulators and customers of the need to increase bills – except in the immediate aftermath of a major failure when there may be a narrow window to secure funding for changes.

But if more energy services are to be moved onto the grid, much more will need to be invested in modernizing it to reduce the probability of failure and ensure service can be restored rapidly.

By John Kemp via Zerohedge