Sunday, August 04, 2024

The Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, a paradigm-shifting open access reference work, officially launches with first articles

The Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science equips readers with essential tools to apply fundamental concepts about cognition and learning to the issues of today’s society.

The MIT Press

Today the MIT Press announces the release of the first 50 articles in the Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (OECS), a dynamic, comprehensive, and openly accessible web reference developed to guide the next generation of exploration in cognition and intelligence.

OECS’s predecessor, the MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, has been an essential resource for researchers and students of cognitive science and neuroscience for 25 years. With the recent publication of its first articles, OECS stands to become the new benchmark in the field—made possible by generous funding from James S. McDonnell Foundation and the Allen Institute for AI.

In our contemporary intellectual landscape, questions about the nature of the mind, its growth, interactions, and variances—from the nuances of large language models to the complexities of political polarization—demand multifaceted exploration. OECS aims to equip readers with essential tools to apply fundamental concepts about cognition and learning to the issues of today’s society, and will be one of the most contemporary, authoritative, and comprehensive reference works in the cognitive sciences currently available.

For editors-in-chief Michael C. Frank of Stanford University and Asifa Majid of the University of Oxford, OECS stands apart from other reference works because it will facilitate cross-disciplinary understanding. “Cognitive science is inherently interdisciplinary and requires shared referents,” Majid said. “The OECS will connect these resources and ideas in a single, authoritative encyclopedia.”

“These first articles give wonderful overviews in diverse areas of expertise, often with a perspective that is simply not available anywhere else,” Frank said. “Together they contribute to a field-leading resource that will continue to grow over the years to come.”

OECS’s articles will not only establish a shared understanding of foundational concepts, but also showcase cutting-edge debates and introduce core subfields, central concepts, significant phenomena, and key methodologies. The digital-first format, available on PubPub, will facilitate new forms of content, enable editors to swiftly update entries in response to new discoveries, and ensure global accessibility without cost barriers.

For further information and updates on the Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, please visit oecs.mit.edu.

Explore several featured articles from the first release in the Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science

Articles with the most views:

Large Language Models by Melanie Mitchell
WEIRD by Joseph Henrich
Attention by Wayne Wu
Bayesian Models of Cognition by Thomas L. Griffiths
Psycholinguistics by Fernanda Ferreira and Victor S. Ferreira

Articles with the most downloads:

Social Epistemology by Mandi Astola and Mark Alfano
Theory of Mind by Henry M. Wellman
Conceptual Analysis by Frank Jackson
Causal Learning by Alison Gopnik
Olfaction by Asifa Majid

About the MIT Press

Established in 1962, The MIT Press is one of the largest and most distinguished university presses in the world and a leading publisher of books and journals at the intersection of science, technology, art, social science, and design.

Tiny flyers with large impact: Blowflies carry bird flu virus

A new study from a wild bird colony in southern Japan reveals that blowflies are a potential means of bird flu transmission.

Kyushu University

Wild crane colony in Izumi City, Kagoshima, Japan — image:
In winter, thousands of cranes migrate to Izumi city in Southern Japan. During winter 2022-2023, 1600 cranes out of colony of 10000 cranes died from bird flu.
view more
Credit: Ryosuke Fujita, Kyushu University

Fukuoka, Japan – Researchers from Kyushu University have discovered that blowflies, a family of flies strongly attracted to decaying flesh and feces, are carrying the bird flu virus in southern Japan. Their findings, published in Scientific Reports, introduce a potential new route of transmission for bird flu and highlight the need to develop new countermeasures to prevent and control the disease in poultry farms.

Since 2020, bird flu has been spreading rapidly around the globe, leading to the death of millions of wild birds and the culling of more than half a billion farmed birds worldwide. In Japan, where a single case of infection on a poultry farm mandates the culling of the entire stock, the 2022-2023 winter season saw a record-high of 326 outbreaks of bird flu, resulting in the sacrifice of 17.7 million birds. Some strains of bird flu have also jumped to mammals, including cows, goats, dogs, cats, and since March, an uptick of cases in poultry and dairy workers, with a high fatality rate, has raised significant concern.

"Bird flu has been causing substantial damage to wildlife and the poultry industry, and also holds great risk for humans who work closely with livestock. It’s therefore vital to understand how the virus spreads and its potential routes of transmission to control and prevent outbreaks," explains first author Associate Professor Ryosuke Fujita of Kyushu University’s Faculty of Agriculture.

In this research, the scientists studied a wild crane colony in Izumi city, Kagoshima Prefecture, in southern Japan. In winter, the prime season for bird flu, thousands of cranes migrate to this area, with their dense numbers making them vulnerable to infection. During winter 2022-2023, 1600 cranes out of colony of 10000 cranes died from bird flu.

"We were notified about the cranes being infected and we had to act quickly,” says Fujita.

Along with his colleagues, he set traps at different locations around Izumi city to collect blowflies. "We were particularly interested in one species of blowfly, Calliphora nigribarbis, as unlike other fly species, they are active in winter, coinciding with the peak season of bird flu. This, along with their attraction to the flesh and feces of animals, makes them a prime suspect for spreading the virus," adds Fujita.

The researchers collected 648 blowflies and discovered that 14 blowflies were carrying the bird flu virus. The majority of virus-positive blowflies were collected from the sample site closest to the crane colony. "While 14 blowflies may seem like a low number, this represents a prevalence in blowflies of 2.2%, which is a huge percentage compared to other diseases spread by insects,” explains Fujita. The research team also used genetic testing to confirm that the blowflies were carrying the same virus strain that has been infecting the crane colony.

Unlike birds and mammals which the virus infects and replicates inside, blowflies instead ingest the virus from infected dead birds or their waste, with the virus maintaining infectivity for up to two days. Blowflies are capable of flying at least 2 kms per day, so the researchers estimate that is it feasible for them to reach nearby poultry farms or other wild bird populations within a 4 km range. The researchers believe that as the blowfly moves from place to place, it could contaminate surfaces, food sources and water sources, with healthy birds becoming infected through direct contact with these contaminated sources, or by ingesting adult or larval blowflies.

In Japan, where farmers often use closed farming systems instead of open spaces to control infections and maximize production, countermeasures aimed at eliminating blowflies could be implemented fairly easily, helping to protect farmers from severe financial damage.

"By keeping areas clean and using fly control methods, such as fine nets or insecticides, we can reduce the risk of virus spread to indoor poultry farms. However, in outdoor farms in other countries, and in wild bird populations, controlling blowflies may be logistically impossible,” says Fujita.

Having identified that blowflies carry the virus, Fujita and his colleagues are now collaborating with the government to capture blowflies in quarantined sites around infected poultry farms, hoping to find definitive evidence that blowflies are causing these outbreaks. Fujita and his colleagues are also developing new tools that use artificial intelligence to assess and predict the potential risks of vector insects. "By using advanced technologies alongside on-the-ground research, we can better understand and control the spread of bird flu and other insect-borne diseases, ultimately safeguarding both animal and human health,” concludes Fujita.

Written by Negar Khalili

Blowflies, a family of flies strongly attracted to decaying flesh and feces, are carrying the bird flu virus in southern Japan, highlighting a potential new route of bird flu transmission. Image captured from Kyushu University’s Biodiversity Conservation Zone.

Credit

Ryosuke Fujita, Kyushu University

For more information about this research, see Fujita, R., Tachi, T., Hino, M. et al. Blowflies are potential vector for avian influenza virus at enzootic area in Japan. Sci Rep 14, 10285 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61026-1

About Kyushu University
Founded in 1911, Kyushu University is one of Japan's leading research-oriented institutes of higher education, consistently ranking as one of the top ten Japanese universities in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World Rankings. The university is one of the seven national universities in Japan, located in Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu—the most southwestern of Japan’s four main islands with a population and land size slightly larger than Belgium. Kyushu U’s multiple campuses—home to around 19,000 students and 8000 faculty and staff—are located around Fukuoka City, a coastal metropolis that is frequently ranked among the world's most livable cities and historically known as Japan's gateway to Asia. Through its VISION 2030, Kyushu U will “drive social change with integrative knowledge.” By fusing the spectrum of knowledge, from the humanities and arts to engineering and medical sciences, Kyushu U will strengthen its research in the key areas of decarbonization, medicine and health, and environment and food, to tackle society’s most pressing issues.

Journal

Scientific Reports

DOI

10.1038/s41598-024-61026-1

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

Animals

Article Title

Blowflies are potential vector for avian influenza virus at enzootic area in Japan

Communities can increase the prosocial tendencies of their authorities, study finds

Witnessing prosocial behaviors makes policy makers more likely to support prosocial policies

Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania

A new paper by researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science shows that policymakers are more likely to support “prosocial” policies in response to the opioid epidemic, including harm reduction measures such as syringe service programs to reduce the risk of injection drug use, when they witness prosocial behaviors – acts intended to benefit others – in their communities.

Employing a unique methodological approach, Haesung Annie Jung, an assistant professor at Texas Tech University (and formerly at the University of Pennsylvania) and University of Pennsylvania PIK Professor Dolores Albarracín, director of APPC’s Communication Science division, examine how prosocial behaviors spread across social hierarchies involving authorities and constituents. These findings, Albarracín said, show the potential of communities to exert a positive influence on authorities, and thereby serve the greater good.

Albarracín said the research “helps to explain the elusive connection between the norms of a community and the actions of authorities. Are the policies supported by authorities influenced by the attitudes and behaviors of their communities? Or do authorities influence constituents? Although both influences exist, this research shows the powerful influences of constituents in shaping authorities’ support for policies related to the substance use epidemic we continue to navigate.”

The study was produced under a National Institute of Drug Abuse’s Avant-Garde Award Program for HIV and Substance Use Disorder Research, which supports “individual scientists of exceptional creativity… who propose high-impact research that will open new areas of HIV research and/or lead to new avenues for prevention and treatment of HIV among people who use drugs.” In this case, the project is dedicated to solutions for the substance use crisis in rural Appalachia and the Midwest. The article “Upward and Downward Prosocial Influence Across Levels of a Social Hierarchy: Field and Experimental Evidence about Authorities of United States Counties” is part of the Grid for the Reduction of Vulnerability (GROV) project. GROV is a network of researchers and state/local health departments working to improve health outcomes in rural communities.

Jung, GROV, and Albarracín conducted two studies about responses to the opioid epidemic: a field study of residents and authorities in 79 U.S. counties, and an experiment. When it comes to opioid epidemic responses, they asked, “Do the prosocial actions of people in authority positions motivate group members to behave in a similar way? Or does the influence flow from the bottom to the top?” The researchers also examined why prosocial behavior might spread, asking whether it is the result of perceived pressure to conform, perceived responsibility for group concerns, a sense of self-efficacy, and/or optimism about a problem improving.

In the field study, the researchers invited authorities from 1,338 organizations from all sectors (e.g., health organizations, drug coalitions, and religious institutions) to participate in a project to curb the opioid epidemic. At the same time, the researchers surveyed a sample of 828 residents of the same communities about the amount of community and authority cooperation they witnessed. The study identified a positive association between leaders’ willingness to participate and cooperation in a community, suggesting that there is a relation between the prosocial tendencies of a community and the prosocial policies pursued by its leaders.

In the experiment, the researchers asked 804 participants to read about a community facing a health crisis, then imagine themselves as either a leader or a member of that community. Participants in the role of “leader” read about prosocial or not-prosocial behaviors on the part of members of their community, including support for those affected by the drug use epidemic, and participants in the role of “member” read about the same behaviors on the part of leaders. Then, participants’ support for policies to help people who use drugs was assessed, as was their reason for that position. The study showed that authorities were more responsive to the prosociality of community members than the other way around and appeared to be motivated by optimism about the possibility of addressing the crisis.

“When participants imagined themselves in the role of a community leader and witnessed members of their community engaged in a prosocial response to a health crisis, such as supporting programs to help more vulnerable residents, they also became more willing to engage in similar actions,” said Jung, the lead author, who was previously a research associate in Albarracín’s Social Action Lab at Penn. “Importantly, when participants imagined taking the role of a leader, they were more optimistic about positive improvements, and this led them to respond more positively to the prosocial behaviors of community members.”

“Upward and Downward Prosocial Influence Across Levels of a Social Hierarchy: Field and Experimental Evidence about Authorities of United States Counties” was published July 31, 2024, in Social Psychological and Personality Science.

Journal

Social Psychological and Personality Science

DOI

10.1177/19485506241265429

Article Title

Upward and Downward Prosocial Influence Across Levels of a Social Hierarchy: Field and Experimental Evidence about Authorities of United States Counties

China forges ahead with technological innovations in large-span arch bridge construction

Engineering

Recent photograph of the Tian’e Longtan Bridge (taken in February 2024). — image:
The main span of the Tian’e Longtan Bridge is 600 m long, establishing a new world record for concrete arch bridges. This surpasses the previous record by 155 m, which is equivalent to the cumulative increase in the span of concrete arch bridges over the past century.
view more
Credit: Jielian Zheng

The field of bridge engineering is witnessing a transformative era, as China leads the way with its recent advancements in constructing large-span arch bridges. Jielian Zheng, the member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering from Guangxi University, has authored a research article in Engineering, titled “Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China.” The article elucidates the significant strides made in the construction of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) arch bridges, which have been propelled by technological breakthroughs over the past three decades.

Academician Zheng’s research underscores the pivotal role of innovation in enhancing the efficiency, safety, and economy of arch bridge construction. The article details the construction of two landmark bridges—the Pingnan Third Bridge with a 560-meter span and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge, which boasts an impressive 600-meter span. These projects exemplify the cutting-edge techniques that have been developed and implemented under Zheng’s guidance, marking a new chapter in the history of bridge engineering.

The technological innovations highlighted in the article include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods for CFST bridges, and for SRC bridges, the development of new encasing concrete materials and advanced pouring techniques. These innovations have not only addressed the inherent challenges associated with arch bridge construction but have also significantly reduced construction risks and costs.

China’s achievements in arch bridge construction are a testament to the nation’s unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of infrastructure development. The progress made in this field has set a new benchmark for global bridge engineering practices, inspiring engineers worldwide to pursue excellence in their craft.

The article concludes by outlining future research directions and development opportunities for CFST and SRC arch bridges. It emphasizes the need for continuous innovation and the importance of addressing new challenges as they arise in the field of bridge construction.

China’s progress in arch bridge construction is a shining example of how engineering innovation can redefine the limits of infrastructure development. This research article is showcasing China’s leadership in the field of bridge construction and the potential for further advancements in the future.

The paper “Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China,” authored by Jielian Zheng. Full text of the open access paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.019. For more information about the Engineering, follow us on X (https://twitter.com/EngineeringJrnl) & like us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/EngineeringJrnl).

Journal

Engineering

DOI

10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.019

Article Title

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Telehealth offers convenience for rural patients — But at what cost?

A recent paper co-authored by Zihan Ye, UT assistant professor of finance, looks at the financial effects of telemedicine.

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Remote healthcare delivery, commonly known as telehealth or telemedicine, is often beneficial for patients who have difficulty visiting their preferred healthcare providers in person. Use of the technology was rising steadily in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic and it has now become commonplace.

In a recent paper, Zihan Ye, assistant professor of finance at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Haslam College of Business, and co-authors Kimberly Cornaggia (Penn State University) and Xuelin Li (Columbia Business School) investigated the financial effects of telemedicine. Their research reveals that the convenient service may have unexpected consequences on patients’ long-term access to acute care.

Redistribution of Hospital Operations and Access to Capital

Most remote healthcare delivery comes from urban hospitals, which are more likely than their rural counterparts to have the workforce, infrastructure and profit potential to provide such services. Technology enables rural patients to access these facilities’ often superior care without the expense and time commitment associated with travel. Even when rural patients receive local in-person care, such as surgery, many still opt for telehealth services from urban providers for initial consultations and recovery monitoring.

However, telemedicine usage can have a surprising impact on rural communities’ access to local care. By analyzing data from medical claims and hospital financial statements, Ye and her coresearchers found that rural healthcare providers lose patients to urban hospitals that offer telehealth. In turn, this loss negatively impacts rural hospitals, influencing their investment decisions and capital structure, and leading to the divestment of physicians, nurses and intensive care units.

“Rural hospitals are losing, on average, a lot of money,” Ye says. “There are more bankruptcies of rural hospitals than urban ones. Local governments and authorities are trying hard to protect them so local patients can have access to healthcare providers. From a policy perspective, there should be more collaboration programs where the rural hospitals can get a share from this telehealth provision so they do not end up in bankruptcy.”

Telehealth Demand Drives Price Wars

By offering remote healthcare delivery, hospitals can increase demand for their services. Telemedicine provides patients with more choices, intensifying competition among hospitals and often leading to a price war, with urban hospitals typically charging more than their rural counterparts. Rural hospitals, which do not benefit as much from an influx of additional patients, generally do not adopt telehealth services. As a result, these rural facilities attract fewer patients and face indirect price reductions.

Insurance reimbursement also influences hospitals’ decisions to offer telehealth services. Healthcare facilities treating a significant number of Medicare and Medicaid patients face a reimbursement risk. “Medicare and Medicaid are known for under-reimbursement, so when hospitals take those patients, they might not get reimbursed as much compared to commercial insurances,” says Ye.

Downgraded Credit Ratings and Higher Yield Requirements

Since urban healthcare facilities receive most of the revenue generated by telehealth services, rural hospitals face lower net income and profit margins. This financial strain leads to higher leverage and results in downgraded credit ratings for bonds issued by these rural hospitals. “Bond repayment depends on the issuer’s future cash flows, so when rural hospitals lose patients to urban ones and their cash flow starts to deteriorate, investors face higher risk and require higher yield,” Ye says. “So now when the rural hospitals issue bonds, they will have to offer a higher yield, and that translates into a financial burden for them.”

While patients choose remote healthcare primarily because of convenient access to superior care, Ye says these patients should consider long-term financial ramifications, as should policymakers who have the power to influence which providers can afford to offer telemedicine at all.

“As communication technology now impacts all of our lives, we should be aware of the consequences that come with it,” Ye says. “When patients are getting access to better healthcare through telehealth, they should also be aware of the potential negative spillovers to rural hospitals and rural patients.”

“Financial Effects of Remote Product Delivery: Evidence from Hospitals” was published in The Review of Financial Studies.

–

CONTACT:

Stacy Estep, writer/publicist, sestep3@utk.edu

Journal

Review of Financial Studies

DOI

10.2139/ssrn.3833193

Judging your own happiness could backfire

Experiencing emotions with acceptance is more useful, study finds

American Psychological Association

Judging how happy you are could backfire and negatively impact life satisfaction and psychological well-being, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

In three experiments comprising more than 1,800 participants, researchers found that having concerns or judgments about one’s own level of happiness were associated with lower well-being, due in part to greater negativity and disappointment about positive events.

The research was published in the journal Emotion.

Thinking too much about one’s own level of happiness could be related to fears about not measuring up or not being as happy as other people, said lead researcher Felicia Zerwas, PhD, who was a doctoral student at the University of California-Berkeley during this research and is now a postdoctoral researcher at New York University.

“There are plenty of societal pressures, at least within the United States, which encourage the fallacy that people must feel happy all of the time to achieve greater well-being,” she said. “Overall, allowing yourself to experience your emotions, whether they are positive or negative, with an accepting attitude could be a useful tool for pursuing happiness and increasing well-being.”

Contrary to some previous studies, the current research found that the pursuit of happiness, or viewing happiness as a very important goal, didn’t have any detrimental impacts on well-being. However, judging one’s own level of happiness did. The research included various samples of participants, including Yale University students, community members from Denver and Berkeley, California, and online studies with participants from the United States and Canada.

The participants answered questions about their beliefs about happiness, as well as their psychological well-being and depressive symptoms. Being concerned about one’s own happiness was associated with lower overall life satisfaction and psychological well-being, as well as greater depressive symptoms.

The research also found that having concerns about one’s own happiness was associated with greater negativity about positive events.

“Having high expectations for one’s happiness can be detrimental because it makes it more difficult to achieve the level of happiness that we are expecting from a positive event,” Zerwas said.

Article: “Unpacking the Pursuit of Happiness: Being Concerned About Happiness but Not Aspiring to Happiness Is Linked with Negative Meta-Emotions and Worse Well-Being,” Felicia Zerwas, PhD, Oliver John, PhD, and Iris Mauss, PhD, University of California Berkeley, and Brett Ford, PhD, University of Toronto, Emotion, published online Aug. 1, 2024.

Contact: Felicia Zerwas, PhD, can be contacted at fz2338@nyu.edu.

The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA’s membership includes over 157,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve lives.

Journal

Emotion

DOI

10.1037/emo0001381

Method of Research

Experimental study

Subject of Research

People

Article Title

Unpacking the Pursuit of Happiness: Being Concerned About Happiness but Not Aspiring to Happiness Is Linked With Negative Meta-Emotions and Worse Well-Being

Article Publication Date

1-Aug-2024

Stock market turbulence linked to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and suicide: A groundbreaking study analyzes 12 million deaths

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Engineering

image:
The percentage changes in cause-specific mortality risk associated with a 1% increase or decrease in daily stock returns for the Shanghai Index, Shenzhen Index, and Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index (CSI 300) at lag 0 d and lag 1 d.
view more
Credit: Ya Gao et al.

In a recent study published in Engineering, a team of Chinese researchers has uncovered a startling correlation between stock market volatility and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and suicide. The research, which analyzed over 12 million deaths across China from 2013 to 2019, provides compelling evidence that the psychological stress induced by stock market fluctuations has severe and immediate health implications.

The study, titled “Stock Volatility Increases the Mortality Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Suicide: A Case-Crossover Study of 12 Million Deaths,” is a wake-up call for investors, policymakers, and the healthcare community. It demonstrates that both increases and decreases in daily stock returns are associated with a heightened risk of mortality from MACEs and suicide, with the risk being most pronounced among individuals aged 65–74, males, and those with lower education levels.

Leveraging an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover design, the researchers examined the impact of daily stock volatility, including daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices. The study's findings indicate that a 1% decrease in daily returns is associated with a 0.74%–1.04% increase in mortality risks of MACEs and a 1.77% increase in suicide risk. Similarly, a 1% increase in daily returns and intra-daily stock oscillations correspond to risk increments of 0.57%–0.85% and 0.67%–0.77%, respectively.

Stock markets are critical for economic growth, serving as platforms for capital raising and wealth generation. However, the volatility inherent in these markets can lead to significant psychological distress among investors. The study’s findings suggest that the stress from stock market volatility is not just a financial concern but a public health issue that requires immediate attention.

The research highlights the need for targeted health education and mental support, especially during periods of market instability. It also calls for government and public awareness campaigns to mitigate the cardiovascular and mental health risks associated with stock market volatility.

As stock markets continue to be a significant part of the global economy, understanding and addressing the psychosocial impact of stock market volatility is essential. The study’s findings provide a foundation for developing effective interventions and support systems to protect the health of investors and the broader population.

The paper “Stock Volatility Increases the Mortality Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Suicide: A Case-Crossover Study of 12 Million Deaths,” authored by Ya Gao, Peng Yin, Haidong Kan, Renjie Chen, Maigeng Zhou. Full text of the open access paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.010. For more information about the Engineering, follow us on X (https://twitter.com/EngineeringJrnl) & like us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/EngineeringJrnl).