Sunday, May 03, 2020

WHAT HITLER'S SOCIALISM REALLY MEANS

The American right wing nuts like Dinesh De Souza and indeed its cabal of true believers elsewhere, likes to claim that the Nazi’s were socialist; because of course they had socialism in their name.

The fact is this was what at one time was called Prussian socialism by none other than that old national socialist himself Oswald Spengler.


And here is further evidence to the fact that the Nazi national socializmus (and the two have to go together) is outlined below by a propagandist for Hitler who published a glowing book about him in English for distribution from America around the world. Clearly it is a pseudonymous work by one so called Heinz A Heinz. This was in 1938 and it was popular amongst the German Bund in America and they distributed it widely at anti-war anti-interventionist AMERICA FIRST rallies that included the American Nazi Party.

 It is the kind of glowing bio Trump would love. 

EP

PS as I edited this copy for the site I had to correct a lot of spelling errors more than one would expect from a qualified printer on the other had it is what one would expect if the book was published in Germany and shipped to North America

GERMANY'S HITLER 
https://tinyurl.com/y98pfqgt

 


CHAPTER XIV 
WHAT THE "SOCIALISM" REALLY MEANS 
IT is scarcely necessary to enlarge, here, upon the " Nationalism " in Adolf Hitler's political creed . Enough has already been written about it. It has occupied so much space in the contemporary Press and been discussed in so many books it has come to be regarded with a certain degree of Chauvinism . 

I propose, therefore, to confine myself, in the conclusion of this work, to a few observations under the second heading of our double-barrelled title . It is so completely true that he who studies contemporary Germany with a view to forecasting the future of the country, must study it from inside and not from the outsider's point of view ." 

From outside one mainly perceives the nationalism . From the inside the drive and force of the socialism is most apparent . German Socialism-Adolf Hitler's Socialism-is a totally different thing from what is generally understood by this term, from the Socialism derived from Marxian and Communistic theory .

The first essential difference between the two consists in this, that the former is strictly national in aim, scope and limit ; the latter is international, without boundaries of race or land . The second vital distinction is that the first has been set up by the wish of the people concerned, the second is imposed .
Vide the period of the Soldiers' and Workmen's Councils in Munich 
AND THIS LATTER POINT THAT SOME HOW SOCIALISM IS IMPOSED RATHER THAN BEING ORGANIC AND OF THE PEOPLE  IS EXACTLY THE SAME THE RIGHT MAKES TODAY. THE GERMAN SOVIETS IN MUNICH AND OTHER CITIES WERE ORGANIC BUT THE RIGHT WING MILITARISTS CREATED ROVING BANDS OF THUGS WITH GUNS CALLED THE FREI CORPS AND THEY WERE ANYTHING BUT ATTACKING THE WORKERS IN THEIR BARRICADED FACTORIES AND COMMUNITIES 

Germany's political development has been along lines totally different from those in England, and has led to a type of political public opinion very different from that of the average Englishman . The latter make a great mistake to judge of affairs in another country as if they had happened in their own . This is the universal mistake of the onlooker and critic perhaps it accounts for two-thirds of the international misunderstanding in Europe to-day . 

A third contrast can be drawn inasmuch as German Socialism tends to draw all sections of the nation closely together, international socialism initiates class war. German Socialism is directed by the country's nationals ; international Socialism is an instrument of the Jews .' In the former it is the personality of the Leader which tells ; in the latter we have nothing but the inertia of the mass which is exploited by its organisers . 

By the above signs is German Socialism to be recognised and distinguished. When it has completely assimilated Germany to itself, it will extend and become the groundwork for the future development of other countries. Marxism and Communism are finished in Germany. They have played their part and their role is over . Long enough have they made their influence felt in every sphere of German life, intellectual, political and economic, to the suppression of the truer socialism

Socialism is not a thing to be apprehended through dreary theory only, but to be tested and proved in action . We have written enough, elsewhere, very fully to show that the present German Government is inspired in its legislation by the spirit of active philanthropy which it calls Socialism . This legislation incorporates the very essence of German Socialism .

 As Dr. Goebbels writes : " Socialism, as we understand it, does not reduce men to a dead level, but ranges them in order according to their individual capacity and leading . If I were to try and put our aims and objects in this direction in a nutshell, I should say that it is our endeavour to build up in Germany a people who all possess the same rights in life . We want everyone, high and low, to belong to such a people . We desire that the highest among them shall feel themselves more closely united with the last and lowest of their own kith and kin than with the highest of any other nation . We aim at this -that the highest of our people would rather be the  lowest of his own nation, than the highest of any other nation. Such an aspiration can only be the outcome of an absolutely unified national will ." 

It would lead us too far afield to instance the many measures in which Hitler has exemplified his conception of true Socialism . We must confine ourselves to a mere sketch of the most important and obvious incorporations of the ideas through which he has restored to the German worker his honour and self-respect 
THE GERMAN LABOUR FRONT 

The law of April l0th, 1933, which arranged May 1st as a great Labour Day Holiday initiated the above named reorganization of labour in Germany . The first celebration of the new holiday was unanimous and universal : the Germans had never had anything like it before . Thousands of people gathered together at the same time, all over the country to listen to the Leader's speech, and then to make high holiday. All trades and callings and professions for the first time were assembled in common, symbolizing the unity which was henceforth to unite both types of labour-that of the head, and that of the hand, symbolizing the necessary equal value to the community of both. German Socialism recognizes no discriminating difference between the brain worker and the hand worker . 

Quick on the heels of May 1st and its celebrations, came action . The German Labour Front emerged . On May 2nd the premises of all Marxian Labour Unions were taken over and the contents sequestrated . Abroad, similar Marxist Unions described this action of Hitler's as a theft of the German workman's hardly earned pay, saved up for years and years in the Unions' funds . 

Such a charge could not be substantiated, since these moneys were not taken from the workmen, to whom they rightly belonged, but from the greedy grasp of union officials to whom they did not belong, but who administered them wastefully, or appropriated them in disproportionate salaries . With the workman himself went his money also, into the Labour Front . Here it could only be put to the best and most legitimate uses on his behalf. The great object of the Labour Front is to secure German industry from the incessant recurrence of strikes and all their disintegrating consequences . German Socialism utterly opposes itself to strife between employers and men. Here again it shows quite a different face from that of Marxian Socialism which seeks to foment such discord, whereby, moreover, it maintains its own sovereignty . 

In Germany to-day a strike is impossible for the reason that no employer dare pay less than the standardized daily wage, or the State would immediately take up the workers' grievance . On the other hand, were the workers to demand more than their due they themselves would bring about the collapse of the concern for which they worked . The standard of wages is arrived at by experts representing the men and concerned to secure their best interests . Together with wages, the question of hours has also been considered . 

In Marxist-Socialist Germany after the War,(WIEMAR REPUBLIC)very hard times set in for German working men. Their leaders had every opportunity to show what the theory could accomplish ; they had a majority in the Reichstag, a member of the Party was President of the Reich . Nevertheless, they were all either too lazy or too indifferent to carry out their programme . So long as the masses went hungry they were easy to inflame, and to excite against capitalism and the wealthy . 

While six and a half million unemployed hung about the streets while their wives and children were starving, selfish employers exploited this wretched state of things just because they were paying the dole, forsooth ! If a man grumbled he lost his job ; hundreds were only waiting to pounce upon it in his stead . If he sought the assistance of the Secretary of his Union he drew another blank. What cared the employer for the Unions ? Should a strike ensue all he had to do was to close shop or factory as the case might be, and say, " All right . We'll see who can stick it out the longest, you or I ." 

Days or even weeks might go by, but the result was always the same . The men came back with hangdog mien, glad of the work again at any cost ! This is where the German working man had lost in his own eyes . It was from this sort of victimisation and wretchedness that Hitler designed to rescue him, and give him back his self-respect. Hitherto he had been the prey of vicious circumstances, the slave of an unscrupulous class . All was altered in a twinkling when Adolf Hitler came to power. A cry of gratitude and relief went up from all ranks of German working men . 

The Brown Shirts were everywhere welcomed as they made their way into shop and factory and yard to enquire after the needs and circumstances of every employee in the place . Union secretaries were haled to account no less than unsocialistic minded employers . The German Labour Front was out to accomplish what it promised. With the exception of peasants and officials, who have their own organisations, the German Labour Front comprises workmen of all kinds, employees, employers and people working on their own account . 

Hitler is its patron, Dr . Ley is its Leader. The standards of wages are carefully regulated and observed by reliable workers themselves. The Reich is divided up, under this scheme, into Regions, these, in turn, into Districts, these into Circuits or Local Groups, and these latter again into Trade Communes, Cells and Blocks . 

STRENGTH THROUGH JOY 

Perforce of its iron will, its absolute refusal to compromise and its terrific onset, National Socialism wrenched itself suddenly into power . Long years before this happened its better ideas had attracted people away from those of the old system then in vogue, and so it is readily to be understood how, in March, 1933, the aforesaid old system simply collapsed . 

The first and greatest duty before National Socialism was to win the German people back to a sense of nationality, and in impressing its own principles upon them . A State that is to endure for centuries ahead must be built upon the very foundations of organic life, upon blood and soil, nationality and home . In order to replace one kind of State with another, and better one, it is not enough merely to do away with the former : the people themselves must be re-educated .

 In place of a system full of class enmity and distinctions and pride of place, there is now a commonwealth . The new State, organically designed, is founded upon the principle " The common good before that of the individual ." 

Under National Socialism the culture of an entire people must not be identified with any particular caste, class, or level : it must characterize and belong to the mass. Nor must aesthetic enjoyments be only for the few ; they must be common to all . Just as the creation of a united working people has been confided to the German Labour Front, so is it the business of another organisation, that of " Strength through joy," to make every member of the nation free of its cultural and artistic treasures and resources. The two endeavours are inter-related . 

By means of the latter every German working man can look to his free evening as a real opportunity for refreshment and " uplift " ; money which had formerly gone merely in organizing strikes, can now be spent far more profitably and agreeably . It is not the object of " Strength through joy " to educate the people politically . Few want to attend classes in civics after a hard day's work. Its aim is rather to bring the people together on a broad basis of enlightenment, an effort in which they, too, of course, must concur. 

The Director of " Strength through joy " is also Dr. Ley. His work is comprised under many headings . It is one of his principal endeavors to open up to worker and unemployed alike all the best sources of entertainment, opera, theatre and concert hall . 

For the fact that a workman in any German city can obtain admission to the finest operas for practically a nominal sum is Hitler himself directly to be thanked . Hitler often starved, in the old days, in order to buy the meanest standing room in the house, to hear Wagner . Now that he is Chancellor, no working man in Germany need be put to such shifts to gratify his artistic longings . 

The " Kulturant " has opened to the people all sorts of intellectual resorts hitherto sacred to the upper ten . It is a mistake to suppose that only such appreciate the best . In Germany Wagner takes precedence, even with the poorest people, over nigger minstrelsy and jazz .

Even the working man's week-ends are provided for . Previously he went for a bit of a walk in the park perhaps, on Sunday, or took a tram out of the suburbs to get a breath of air . If he were a single man he might spend the most part of his leisure in a beer hall, listening to the band. Although this sort of thing can still be observed everywhere, nowadays the workman looks to the sort of week-end right away which previously could only be enjoyed by the better to do . 

For a couple of marks, to-day, he can go thirty miles out of the city, follow a personally conducted tour around some beauty spots, and enjoy a good meal into the bargain . When his holiday comes round, it is provided for, lavishly as far as good things are concerned, at equally small cost . Workmen from Munich can now envisage holidays by the North Sea with all sorts of trips and bathing fun thrown in. Those from Berlin can go to the Alps, do a bit of mountaineering and try what hotel life is like . These are dreams come true which for whole generations past must have ever remained unrealisable. All thank ; to Adolf Hitler . 

The section of this activity which deals with " Volkstum and Heimat," seeks to revive, for urban populations, the knowledge of and delight in old peasant and traditional customs, songs, dances, costumes. This sort of thing reawakens love of the country and their origins in people long divorced from the land . It bridges the gull between the peasant and the townsman . 

Kraft durch Freude (" Strength through joy ") looks also to sport to give the working man zest and change in exercise . It is Hitler's keenest desire to see the worker, particularly the youthful worker (Hitler's Germany is all being built for the future-the past must now look after itself, " let the dead bury the dead " ) made " crisis resisting ." The young workman goes in for tennis and golf and every other vigorous game that's going . 

Through the instrumentality of innumerable exhibitions it is sought to rouse the worker's pride in his own achievements, in his niche in society, in the part he plays in the whole. His craft is displayed before him in its entire interest, or beauty, or significance . Prizes and competitions abound . Each man becomes conscious of the part he takes in the whole, and discovers fresh pride in his trade and in himself. 

Cheap classes are held for those who desire to advance in their particular calling, or to study more particularly the trade to which they belong, and for the acquisition of foreign languages . The best teachers are retained and the instruction is giver! in the buildings of the local University. People are assisted to acquire their own dwelling . houses. Loans for this purpose can be repaid by installments over a series of years . In this way it is hoped to promote a cheerful small villagedom beyond the limits of the greater cities . 

The department for propaganda aims at bringing all these activities and facilities before the people, to encourage them to make the utmost use of them . Only so will they be bringing about the National Socialist State envisaged by Adolf Hitler. There are still more departments in this one Movement alone, but space forbids their description . 

Much, indeed, has been written about the new Germany. In England and America so much attention has been directed to its political aspect, that these others have been neglected . Of that attention, moreover, by far the greater part is highly inimical, highly critical . Few outside Germany yet realize why Hitler is prepared to go to all lengths to save this new Germany from being torpedoed either from within or without . He saves it in his own way and from those he considers its enemies, whether his action is understood abroad or not . Let those disbelieve it who will, Adolf Hitler has done more for Germany since he came to power than any other statesman at any other time, and the wrecking of his work would not only spell the final ruin of Germany, but the ruin of Europe at large.

National Socialism Before Nazism:
Friedrich Naumann and Theodor Fritsch, 1890-1914
By
Asaf Kedar
https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Kedar_berkeley_0028E_10454.pdf
A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
in
Political Science
in the
Graduate Division
of the
University of California, Berkeley
Committee in charge:
Professor Mark Bevir, Chair
Professor Wendy Brown
Professor Martin Jay
Spring 2010 

Abstract 
National Socialism Before Nazism: Friedrich Naumann and Theodor Fritsch, 1890-1914
 by Asaf Kedar 
Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science 
University of California, Berkeley
 Professor Mark Bevir, Chair 

This dissertation is a rethinking and critique of the concept of “national socialism.” I show that this concept not only emerged in Germany years before Nazism, but also arose within the mainstream of German society, alongside and independently of parallel developments in the radical right. Alarmed by the dramatic rise of an internationalist, Marxist socialism in the years following German unification, a succession of prominent public figures gave voice to an alternative, nationalist reading of the social problems accompanying capitalist industrialization. This endeavor involved a wholesale reconceptualization of social life and social reform, and a marginalization of the concern for social justice and emancipation in favor of a preoccupation with national order, homogeneity, and power. The dissertation focuses on two variants of national socialism developed in Germany prior to the First World War, one by the left-leaning bourgeois reformist Friedrich Naumann and the other by the right-wing völkisch antisemite Theodor Fritsch. Their differences notwithstanding, both strands of national socialism shared two major ideational foundations. First, both were underpinned by a national existentialism: the claim that the nation is facing a “struggle for existence” which necessitates aggressive international expansion, colonization, and ethnic purification. The social reforms demanded by national socialism were, accordingly, geared at systematically harnessing all socio-economic forces in the service of these purportedly “existential” struggles. Second, both variants of national socialism adhered to a national productivism that, by stressing the need for cooperation among all the “productive” strata of the nation, elided the class-based exploitation characteristic of industrial capitalism. On the basis of their national productivism, both Naumann and Fritsch were opposed simultaneously to Marxism with its class-conflict view of society on the one hand, and to liberalism with its individualistic worldview on the other hand. Given that Naumann and Fritsch were pivotal figures in their respective social, cultural, and political milieux—Naumann in the reformist bourgeoisie, Fritsch in the radical right—their articulation of a national-existential claim on the social is indicative of a profound generational shift in the ideational climate of Imperial Germany. This generational shift did not consist in the appearance of national socialism itself, which had already been articulated in the 1870s by 2 prominent figures such as political economist Gustav Schmoller and Christian socialist Adolf Stoecker. Rather, the shift consisted in the shedding of the ethical-conservative sensibility of the first generation of national socialism in favor of a sense of existential urgency grounded in a biologistic imagination. The impact of national socialism on the generation of Naumann and Fritsch reached its apex in the First World War, when an existential national socialism constituted the ideological underpinning of Germany’s war economy, i.e. the systematic regimentation and mobilization of the national economy in service of the war effort. Beyond the fresh perspective it offers on the historical dynamics of Imperial Germany, the dissertation also sheds new light on the intellectual-historical context in which national socialism made its way into the name and program of the Nazi movement from 1920 onward. The study suggests that the conceptual field of national socialism into which Nazism entered after the First World War was more variegated, more sophisticated, and had deeper historical and intellectual roots than previously believed. 

1973 Mind Of Adolf Hitler Langer 

THE SECRET PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HITLER 1943





FROM THE LEFT POST WAR ANALYSIS
1949
Rehearsal For Destruction. A Study Of Political Anti Semitism In Imperial Germany

by Paul Massing
https://archive.org/details/RehearsalForDestructionAStudyOfPoliticalAntiSemitismInImperialGermany/mode/2up

FRANKFURT INSTITUTE AND MONTHLY REVIEW FOUNDERS 
LEFT ANALYSIS OF NAZI GERMANY 1943 REPORTS

Secret Reports On Nazi Germany
by Franz Neumann; Herbert Marcuse; Otto Kirchheimer, Paul Sweezy

Publication date 1946
https://archive.org/details/SecretReportsOnNaziGermanyFrankfurtSchool/page/n1/mode/2up
Contents
Foreword, by Raymond Geuss ix
Acknowledgments xv
Notes on the Texts xvii
On the Authors xxi
Introduction 1
Part I
The Analysis of the Enemy
1 Franz Neumann
Anti-Semitism: Spearhead of Universal Terror 27
2 Herbert Marcuse
Possible Political Changes in Nazi Germany
 in the Near Future 31
3 Herbert Marcuse
Changes in the Reich Government 38
4 Franz Neumann and Paul Sweezy
Speer’s Appointment as Dictator
of the German Economy 48
5 Herbert Marcuse and Felix Gilbert
The Significance of Prussian Militarism
for Nazi Imperialism: Potential Tensions in United Nations
Psychological Warfare
61
6 Herbert Marcuse
German Social Stratification 74
Part II
Patterns of Collapse
7 Franz Neumann
German Morale after Tunisia 95
8 Herbert Marcuse (assisted by Franz Neumann
and Hans Meyerhoff)
Morale in Germany 100
9 Franz Neumann, Herbert Marcuse, and Felix Gilbert
Possible Patterns of German Collapse 106
v i Co ntents
10 Franz Neumann
The Social and Political Effects of Air Raids
on the German People: A Preliminary Survey 118
11 Franz Neumann
The Attempt on Hitler’s Life and Its Consequences 133
Part III
Political Opposition
12 Franz Neumann
The Free Germany Manifesto and the German People 149
13 Herbert Marcuse
The German Communist Party 167
14 Herbert Marcuse
The Social Democratic Party of Germany 199
Part IV
Denazification and Military Government
15 Otto Kirchheimer
The Abrogation of Nazi Laws in the Early Period of MG 229
16 Herbert Marcuse
Dissolution of the Nazi Party and Its
Affiliated Organizations 253
17 Franz Neumann
German Cartels and Cartel-Like Organizations 264
18 Herbert Marcuse
Policy toward Revival of Old Parties and Establishment of
New Parties in Germany 285
19 Otto Kirchheimer
General Principles of Administration and
Civil Service in Germany 301
20 Otto Kirchheimer
Administration of German Criminal Justice
under Military Government 318
21 Franz Neumann
The Problem of Inflation in Germany 345
Part V
A New Germany in a New Europe
22 Franz Neumann and Paul Sweezy
The Adaptation of Centralized European Controls of Raw
Materials, Industry, and Transport 397
Contents vii
23 Franz Neumann
The Revival of German Political and Constitutional
Life under Military Government 412
24 Franz Neumann
The Treatment of Germany 436
Part VI
Toward Nuremberg
25 Otto Kirchheimer and John Herz
The “Statement on Atrocities” of the
Moscow Tripartite Conference 451
26 Franz Neumann
Problems Concerning the Treatment of War Criminals 457
27 Otto Kirchheimer and John Herz
Leadership Principle and Criminal Responsibility 464
28 Herbert Marcuse
Nazi Plans for Dominating Germany and Europe:
The Nazi Master Plan 475
29 Otto Kirchheimer
Nazi Plans for Dominating Germany and Europe:
Domestic Crimes 522
Part VII
A New Enemy
30 Herbert Marcuse
Status and Prospects of German Trade-Unions
 and Works Councils 557
31 Herbert Marcuse
The Potentials of World Communism 591
Notes 611
Index 659
NICHOLAS GOODRIDGE CLARKE 
THE OCCULT ROOTS OF THE NAZI'S
https://archive.org/download/OccultNazis/Occult%20Nazis.pdf





texts
Unholy Alliance a history of Nazi involvement with the occult

MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF THE BABI RELIGION
 THE EARLIEST STUDIES OF THE BAHAI RELIGION
https://archive.org/details/materialsforstud00browuoft/page/n9/mode/2up





Life and teachings of Abbas effendi; a study of the religion of the Babis
by Phelps, Myron Henry, 1856-1916. [from old catalog]
https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00phelgoog/mode/2up
Publication date 1903

Topics ʻAbd ul-Bahā ibn Bahā Ullāh, 1844-1921. [from old catalog], Bahai Faith, Babism


 May 24, 2015

Subject: a mixed reception
This book was popular among early Baha'is because it was the first account of Abdul-Bahas' life and teachings by any Westerner. But Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Baha'i Faith, thought it not advisable to publish this book in any language, as it was "full of inaccuracies" (see http://bahai-library.com/khanum_phelps_abbas_effendi). The persian to english interpreter also testified that Phelps would "write as he pleased" (see 'The Master in Akka' published by Kalimat: https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=WVrQ1gfZPfgC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&ots=fSMjKSFfPu&focus=viewport&dq=phelps+khanum#v=onepage&q&f=false). The book is an accurate record of Phelps' personal reflections on his talks with Abdul-Baha, not an accurate record of Abdul-Bahas' words.






Resurrection And Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844-1850.

by Abbas Amanat
https://archive.org/details/resurrectionandrenewalthemakingoft/mode/2up



The Emergence Of The Babi Baha’i Interpretation Of The Bible

https://archive.org/details/TheEmergenceOfTheBabiBahaiInterpretationOfTheBible/page/n1/mode/2up

Topics Bible, Bahaism, Islam, Tafsir, Babism,

ABSTRACT
'Some Aspects of Isra'Iliyyat and the Emergence of the Babi-Baha'T
Interpretation of the Bible'
Stephen N. Lambden
This thesis deals with Islamic Isralliyyat ("Israelitica") literary traditions, the Bible and
the relationship to them of two closely related post-Islamic movements, the Babr and Bahal
religions. It concerns the Islamic assimilation and treatment of pre-Idamic, biblical and related
materials and their level of post-Islamic Babi-Bahal assimilation and exposition. More
specifically, this thesis focuses upon select aspects of the biblical and Islamo-biblical
("Islamified", "Islamicate") traditions reflected within the Arabic and Persian writings of two
Iranian born 19th century messianic claimants Sayyid 'All Muhammad Shirazi, the Bab (1819-
1859) and Mirza Husayn 'All NOrT (1817-1892), entitled Bah'-Allah, the founders of the BabT
and Baha'T religions respectively.
The presence of Islamo-biblical citations and the absence of canonical biblical citations
within the writings of the Bab will be argued as will the emergence of the Baha'T interpretation
of the canonical Bible though its founder figure Bah'-Allah who first cited an Arabic Christian
Bible version whilst resident in Ottoman Iraq (Baghdad) towards the end of what has been
called the middle-BabT period (1861-2 CE). This laid the foundations for the Bahl interpretation
of the Bible which was greatly enriched and extended by oriental Bahl apologists , Bah'-
Allah's eldest son 'Abd al-Baha' Abbas (d. 1921) and his great-grandson Shoghi Effendi (d.
1957) who shaped the modern global Baha'T phenomenon. Over a century or so the neo-Shn
millennialist faction that was Babism (the religion of the Bab) evolved into the global Baha'T
religion of the Book
Throughout this thesis aspects of Isralliyyat will be analysed historically and the
Islamic, especially Shi sT-ShaykhT background to and the BabT-Baha'T messianic renewal of the
Isra'Tliyyat rooted tradition of the ism Allah al-a'gam (Mightiest Name of God) will be noted and

commented upon.

The Organizational Hierarchy of the Bābīs during the period
of Ṣubḥ-i-Azal’s residency in Baghdad (1852 – 1863)
https://archive.org/details/theorganizationalhierarchyofthebabi/mode/2up
N. Wahid Azal
© 2018
Abstract
This article discusses the organizational hierarchy of the Bābīs during the
period of Ṣubḥ-i-Azal’s (d. 1912) concealment from the public and his
residency in Baghdad between the years 1852 to 1863. It pursues an
analytic historiographical and textual critical approach by mainly
utilizing primary and secondary sources in Arabic, Persian and English
belonging to both the Bayānīs (i.e. Azalīs) and the Bahāʾīs alike. First by
offering some brief context, it will explain this organizational hierarchy
of the Bābīs during the Middle Bābī period (1850-66), highlighting the role
and function of the witnesses of the Bayān (shuhadāʾ-i-bayān). More
importantly, it will introduce a hitherto unknown work (and primary
source) of Ṣubḥ-i-Azal’s from that era, namely the kitāb al-waṣīya (the
Book of the Testament), wherein seven to eight prominent Bābīs of that
period were appointed to the rank. The two presently known MSS of this
work will be discussed, as well as extensively quoted in translation, with
the individuals named in it identified. The sectarian narratives (with their
conflicting authority claims) dividing the Bayānīs (i.e. Azalīs) and Bahāʾīs
over the history of the period will be critically evaluated while also
briefly revisiting the ‘episode of Dayyān’. It will conclude by proposing
the untenability of the terms ‘Azalī’ and ‘Azalī Bābism’. This study
supplements Denis MacEoin’s two articles on the subject published during
the 1980s

https://archive.org/details/TheReligionOfTheBayanAndTheClaimsOfTheBahais/page/n21/mode/2up

ZOROASTRIANISM



http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/index.htm

Zoroastrian Creed

Vendidad
"On three noble ideals be ever intent:

The good thought well thought,

The good word well spoken,

The good deed well done."


Zoroastrian Way, Purpose and Goal of Life
Way of Life

Amesha Spentas

Eternal Enlightenment - Ageless Wisdom

• The way of life suggested by Zoroastrianism is based on achieving six ideals:

‥ a good mind: a positive attitude and gaining wisdom

‥ principled living: honesty, honest work, helpfulness, moderation and balance

‥ independence: self-reliance and leadership

‥ serenity and happiness

‥ wholeness: healthy and holistic living

‥ an undying spirit.

• Included in the ideal of independence is autonomy: not being beholden to anyone, not being a slave to any dogma, and having the sovereignty to make free and independent decisions - all within the self-elected bounds of ethical values, goodness, and not causing harm to others. The ideal of self-reliance is balanced with helping the less fortunate maintain their independence and dignity.

• This way of life gives effect and meaning to the creed: to commit to a life based on good thoughts, good words and good deeds.

• The effectiveness of a person's beliefs is demonstrated in one's deeds. While praying helps to reaffirm beliefs, a life based on good deeds is prayer in action. Our lives are the temples of our souls.

In short:

• Zoroastrianism lights the path towards an active, meaningful life grounded in wisdom, goodness and wellness



Media, Babylon and Persia : including a study of the Zend-avesta or religion of Zoroaster, from the fall of Ninevah to the Persian war

by Ragozin, Zénaïde A. (Zénaïde Alexeïevna), 1835-1924

Publication date 1891
An introduction to astrology:
by Lilly, William, 1602-1681; Zadkiel, 1795-1874
Publication date 1852
Topics Astrology
https://archive.org/details/anintroductiont00zadkgoog/page/n16/mode/2up
Lilly predicted the Great London Fire of 1666 
he was one of the few successful Astrologers in History
for hoary astrology, that is astrology predicting events in the mundane world
See https://plawiuk.blogspot.com/search?q=1666
Astrology in medicine : the Fitzpatrick lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians on November 6 and 11, 1913 : with addendum on saints and signs
by Mercier, Charles Arthur, 1852-1919
https://archive.org/details/astrologyinmedic00merc/page/n13/mode/2up
Publication date 1914
Topics Astrology
Publisher London : Macmillan and Co.

Reviewer: Shyamasundara - favoritefavoritefavorite - March 16, 2008

Subject: Is astrology dead?
On page 2-3 of the book the author states that astrology is dead:
"Astrology is now utterly extinct. It began to decay at the renaissance;it languished in the seventeenth century;the last man of high distinction who practiced it in this country was John Dryden ; but though Peter Woulfe, a F.R.S., maintained the truth of Astrology at the beginning of the nineteenth century, it had really expired when it received its deathblow from the biting humour of Jonathan Swift."
He would be very surprised to learn that astrology is now more alive than ever and deserving of intellectual pursuit.
From a brief reading of the text it seems that the author is not a practicing astrologer and hence makes some very basic mistakes such as thinking that Pisces a mutable sign is a cardinal one and that Aries a cardinal sign is a mutable one. Hence, the student should be very careful in using the text for its astrological knowledge but rather it is useful in the history of astrology to see what the contemporaries of that time thought of a science which they thought was dead, but which later rose from the ashes.


https://archive.org/details/treatiseonmedica00whit/page/n5/mode/2up


https://archive.org/details/cu31924012345389/page/n1/mode/2up

 

https://archive.org/details/elementsofastro00brou/page/n7/mode/2up




The secret societies of the European Revolution, 1776-1876
by Frost, Thomas, 1821-1908
In Two Volumes
Publication date 1876
Topics Secret societies

Publisher London, Tinsley Bros.

https://archive.org/details/cu31924092567001/page/n21/mode/2up




https://archive.org/details/secretsocietieso00fros/page/n9/mode/2up

Essays in ancient history and antiquities
by De Quincey, Thomas, 1785-1859
https://archive.org/details/essaysinancienth00dequ/page/n5/mode/2up
Publication date 1881
Publisher Boston : Houghton, Mifflin