See a billion years of Earth plate tectonics movement in just 40 seconds

Carole King's song I Feel the Earth Move would be the perfect soundtrack for a stunning new video that shows a billion years of plate tectonic movement on Earth condensed into 40 seconds.

© The international Gemini Observatory/NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory

This image of Earth was captured by NASA.

An international team of geoscientists created a model of tectonics that lets us witness the radical changes in how our planet looked over an eon of time. Continents shift. Oceans reshape. The world is almost unrecognizable until we move closer to modern times.

Plate tectonics is a theory about large pieces of rock ("plates") that move over the planet's mantle. These plates can account for radical changes in the locations of landmasses over long stretches of time.

The scientists published a paper on the model in the March 2021 issue of the journal Earth-Science Reviews.

"On a human timescale, things move in centimeters per year, but as we can see from the animation, the continents have been everywhere in time," said co-author Michael Tetley in a University of Sydney statement on Monday. "A place like Antarctica that we see as a cold, icy inhospitable place today actually was once quite a nice holiday destination at the equator."

The video isn't just a novelty. The University of Sydney said the ability to model plate tectonics like this will help scientists understand not just the physical movement of the plates, but also "how climate has changed, how ocean currents altered and how nutrients fluxed from the deep Earth to stimulate biological evolution."

The story of plate tectonics is tied into the story of our planet's habitability. "With this new model," said geoscientist Dietmar Muller, "we are closer to understanding how this beautiful blue planet became our cradle."

Betelgeuse is dimming and is in the early stages of going supernova

Scientists have kept their eyes glued to the star Betelgeuse since last year, after reports show the red supergiant was dimming – but a new study finds it still has more than 100,000 years until the event.

An International team of scientists suggest the star is in the early core helium-burning phase, when a star burns helium in to carbon, which is one of the final steps before supernova.

Researchers involved with the analysis, also found that smaller brightness variations of Betelgeuse have been powered by stellar pulsations, along with the star’s location being closer to Earth than previously thought.

 An International team of scientists suggest the star is in the early core helium-burning phase, when a star burns helium in to carbon, which is one of the final steps before supernova

The team is led by Dr. Meridith Joyce from the Australian National University (ANU), who used evolutionary, hydrodynamic and seismic modeling to analyze the brightness variation of Betelgeuse.

This allowed researchers to uncover the star was currently burning helium in its core.

This happens when the core of a star reaches about 100 million degrees, which causes three helium nuclei to collide and fuse to form a carbon nucleus.

© Provided by Daily Mail

 The team is led by Dr. Meridith Joyce from the Australian National University (ANU), who used evolutionary, hydrodynamic and seismic modeling to analyze the brightness variation of Betelgeuse

Sometime after this event, the core collapses, causing an explosion that results in a nebula - regions of dust and gas in interstellar space.

Because of this thorough investigation, the team also found that stellar pulsations driven by the so-called kappa-mechanism is causing the star to continuously brighten or fade with two periods of 185 (+/-13.5) days and approximately 400 days.

But the large dip in brightness in early 2020 is unprecedented, and is likely due to a dust cloud in front of Betelgeuse, as seen in the image.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope found the dimming was likely due to a traumatic outburst that ejected hot material into space - covering Earth's view of Betelgeuse.

Data had shown a dust cloud formed when the superhot plasma ejected from the star, which cooled and formed a dust cloud that blocked light from Betelgeuse's surface.

© Provided by Daily Mail NASA's Hubble Space Telescope found the 2020 dimming was likely due to a traumatic outburst that ejected hot material into space - covering Earth's view of Betelgeuse

Betelgeuse’s size has been a mystery to the scientific community, but the latest study determined it has a radios 750 times of the sun.

This information also allowed researchers to determine the star is only 530 light years from Earth, instead of 700 light years as previously believed.

Their results imply that Betelgeuse is not at all close to exploding, and that it is too far from Earth for the eventual explosion to have significant impact here, even though it is still a really big deal when a supernova goes off.

What is the ionosphere? (And who is Steve?)

A dense layer of molecules and electrically charged particles, called the ionosphere, hangs in the Earth's upper atmosphere starting at about 35 miles (60 kilometers) above the planet's surface and stretching out beyond 620 miles (1,000 km). Solar radiation coming from above buffets particles suspended in the atmospheric layer. Radio signals from below bounce off the ionosphere back to instruments on the ground. Where the ionosphere overlaps with magnetic fields, the sky erupts in brilliant light displays that are incredible to behold.  

© Provided by Space This image, taken from the International Space Station, shows Earth's glowing, colorful aurora alongside lights coming from the cities on our planet's surface down below. When electrically-charged particles from the sun interact with gases in Earth's ionosphere, they create visual displays called auroras.

Where is the ionosphere?

Several distinct layers make up Earth's atmosphere, including the mesosphere, which starts 31 miles (50 km) up, and the thermosphere, which starts at 53 miles (85 km) up. The ionosphere consists of three sections within the mesosphere and thermosphere, labeled the D, E and F layers, according to the UCAR Center for Science Education.

Extreme ultraviolet radiation and X-rays from the sun bombard these upper regions of the atmosphere, striking the atoms and molecules held within those layers. That powerful radiation dislodges negatively charged electrons from the particles, altering those particles' electrical charge. The resulting cloud of free electrons and charged particles, called ions, led to the name "ionosphere." The ionized gas, or plasma, mixes with the denser, neutral atmosphere.

Read more: China's Tianwen-1 mission will inspect the Red Planet's ionosphere


The concentration of ions in the ionosphere varies with the amount of solar radiation bearing down on the Earth. The ionosphere grows dense with charged particles during the day, but that density subsides at night as charged particles recombine with displaced electrons. Entire layers of the ionosphere appear and disappear during this daily cycle, according to NASA. Solar radiation also fluctuates over an 11-year period, meaning the sun may put out more or less radiation depending on the year.

Explosive solar flares and gusts of solar wind stir up sudden changes in the ionosphere, teaming up with high-altitude winds and severe weather systems brewing on the Earth below.
Light up the skies

The scorching-hot surface of the sun expels streams of highly charged particles, and these streams are known as solar wind. According to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, solar wind flies through space at about 25 miles (40 km) per second. Upon reaching the Earth's magnetic field and the ionosphere below, solar winds set off a colorful chemical reaction in the night sky called an aurora.

When solar winds whip across Earth, the planet stays shielded behind its magnetic field, also known as the magnetosphere. Generated by churning molten iron in the Earth's core, the magnetosphere sends solar radiation racing toward either pole. There, the charged particles collide with chemicals swirling in the ionosphere, generating the spellbinding auroras.

Related: Why auroras are different in the northern and southern hemispheres

Scientists have found that the sun's own magnetic field squishes the Earth's weaker one, shifting auroras toward the night side of the planet, as reported by Popular Mechanics.

Near the Arctic and Antarctic circles, auroras streak across the sky every night, according to National Geographic. The colorful curtains of light, known as the aurora borealis and aurora australis, respectively, hang about 620 miles (1,000 km) above the Earth's surface. The auroras glow green-yellow when ions strike oxygen particles in the lower ionosphere. Reddish light often blooms along the auroras' edges, and purples and blues also appear in the nighttime sky, though this happens rarely.

"The cause of aurora is somewhat known, but it is not entirely resolved," said Toshi Nishimura, a geophysicist at Boston University. "For example, what causes a particular type of color of aurora, such as purple, is still a mystery."

Who is Steve?

Beyond auroras, the ionosphere also plays host to other impressive light shows.

In 2016, citizen scientists spotted a particularly eye-catching phenomena which scientists struggled to explain, Space.com previously reported. Bright rivers of white and pinkish light flowed over Canada, which is farther south than most auroras appear. Occasionally, dashes of green joined the mix. The mysterious lights were named Steve in homage to the animated movie "Over the Hedge" and were later rebranded as the "Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement" ⁠— still STEVE for short.

"We've been studying the aurora for hundreds of years, and we couldn't, and still can't, explain what Steve is," said Gareth Perry, a space weather scientist at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. "It's interesting because its emissions and properties are unlike anything else we observe, at least with optics, in the ionosphere."

According to a 2019 study in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, the green streaks within STEVE may develop similarly to how traditional auroras form, as charged particles rain down upon the atmosphere. In STEVE, however, the river of light seems to glow when particles within the ionosphere collide and generate heat among themselves.
Communication and navigation

Though reactions in the ionosphere paint the sky with brilliant hues, they can also disrupt radio signals, interfere with navigational systems and sometimes cause widespread power blackouts.

The ionosphere reflects radio transmissions below 10 megahertz, allowing the military, airlines and scientists to link radar and communication systems over long distances. These systems work best when the ionosphere is smooth, like a mirror, but they can be disrupted by irregularities in the plasma. GPS transmissions pass through the ionosphere and therefore bear the same vulnerabilities.

"During large geomagnetic storms, or space weather events, currents [in the ionosphere] can induce other currents in the ground, electrical grids, pipelines, etc. and wreak havoc," Perry said. One such solar storm caused the famous Quebec blackout of 1989. "Thirty years later, our electrical systems are still vulnerable to such events."

Scientists study the ionosphere using radars, cameras, satellite-bound instruments and computer models to better understand the region's physical and chemical dynamics. Armed with this knowledge, they hope to better predict disruptions in the ionosphere and prevent problems that can cause on the ground below.

Additional resources:
Check out a slideshow of fantastic auroras from National Geographic.
Learn how GPS works with the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
Watch an animation of the Earth's magnetic field in action, from Nova and the Khan Academy.

Corporations should stop funding climate science deniers in Congress


In the wake of the mob assault on the Capitol and Republican lawmakers' attempt to overturn Joe Biden's election, nearly two dozen corporate campaign donors announced that their political action committees (PACs) will temporarily suspend contributions to the 147 senators and representatives who voted against certifying the Electoral College vote. Another four dozen corporations went even further, pausing all PAC donations.

© Getty Images 

Corporations should stop funding climate science deniers in Congress

This unprecedented capital strike signals that a growing number of CEOs recognize that congressional (and presidential) actions leading up to and culminating on Jan. 6 crossed the line: Denying the legitimacy of a free and fair election poses an existential threat to democracy.

Even more lawmakers, however, are in denial about another existential threat that is no less dangerous. They reject the scientific consensus that human activity - mainly burning fossil fuels - is causing a climate crisis and are standing in the way of federal action. Corporations should permanently cut off their funding because time is running out.

Indeed, 2020 tied 2016 as the hottest year on record, according to NASA. Likewise, there were a record 22 weather and climate disasters across the country last year with a price tag exceeding $1 billion, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Since 2016, billion-dollar disasters in the United States have cost more than $600 billion, a record for a five-year span.

Despite the incontrovertible evidence, the number of climate science deniers and obstructionists in Congress increased since last November's election. There were 150 at the start of the 116th Congress, but by my count, there are now 172 who deny climate science or, in a few cases, accept scientific reality but say the private sector should take care of the problem, not the government. They make up two-thirds of the 261 Republicans in Congress, as well as two-thirds of the 147-member "Sedition Caucus" that challenged the Electoral College results on Jan. 6.

The GOP, which has the distinction of being the world's only major climate-denialist party, is wildly out of step with its base. According to a poll conducted last October by the Conservation Coalition and the Conservative Energy Network, three-quarters of Republican voters want the government to take steps to reduce carbon emissions, while 84 percent between the ages of 18 and 54 say they would like their state to become a national leader in promoting the growth of renewable energy.

Why is the GOP oblivious to public opinion? Follow the money. Since the 2016 election cycle, 86 percent of the $181.9 million oil and gas industry PACs and employees donated to federal candidates went to Republicans. The coal industry chipped in less, but 96 percent of the $11 million its employees and PACs contributed went to Republicans. Some of that money went to 132 of the Sedition Caucus members, who received $8.8 million from 65 fossil fuel industry corporate PACs alone, according to a recent Public Citizen report. Thus far, only one of those companies has vowed to suspend its PAC contributions.

Would freezing corporate PAC contributions have much of an impact? It certainly sends a message, but PAC money accounts for a relatively small percentage of total campaign funding. By law, PACs can only give a candidate up to $5,000 for each primary and general election and corporations contribute more money via trade associations, issue-based groups and individual executives' contributions.

That said, suspending corporate PAC donations could discourage donations by company employees, who are swayed by their CEO's political preferences. A 2016 analysis in the Harvard Business Review examining data from more than 2,000 companies between 1999 and 2014 found that employees on average donated three times more to candidates endorsed by their CEO than to candidates their CEO did not support.

It remains to be seen how long corporations will withhold their PAC donations. It is all too easy to appear high-minded just after an election, when campaign contributions drop off, only to ramp them back up in advance of the next election cycle. Given the Biden administration's plans to transition to a clean energy economy, fossil fuel companies will likely want to fund their friends on Capitol Hill. But like corporations in other sectors, they should end their PAC donations for members of Congress who refuse to accept reality about election results as well as climate change. Likewise, all companies should restrict their executives' donations and stop financing the secretive "dark money" groups that support denialist lawmakers. Otherwise, they will continue to aid and abet the subversion of U.S. democracy and the destruction of the planet.

Elliott Negin is a senior writer at the Union of Concerned Scientists

Deserted debts stir disquiet in the mysterious world of Dubai Inc

By Davide Barbuscia

© Reuters/SATISH KUMAR FILE PHOTO

 View of Burj Khalifa the tallest building from the Business Bay area in Dubai

DUBAI (Reuters) - Dubai's debts have always been something of a mystery for investors but since the coronavirus pandemic hit its economy, things have got hazier, some say.

Over the past 12 months, two firms with links to Dubai’s government and its ruler, respectively, have said they would not meet hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of debt repayments, a rare step in the Middle Eastern business hub, where debts are typically renegotiated and state support is often seen as implicit.

One of the firms, Dubai Holding, the investment vehicle of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, Dubai's ruler, told creditors that it would not service a $1.2 billion loan owed by its subsidiary Dubai Holding Investments Group and was prepared to pursue liquidation for the unit, according to a source and a document sent to investors in December and reviewed by Reuters.

The second firm, state-owned property developer Limitless, told creditors last March it wasn't able to meet payments for a loan worth about $1.2 billion, according to a company document seen by Reuters. It has since been seeking to restructure the debt.

Dubai Holding, which has $35 billion in assets and holdings in property and the hospitality sector, declined to comment on the debts of its subsidiary and repayment plans for other units. A Limitless spokeswoman told Reuters its restructuring discussions with lenders were continuing but did not comment further. Creditors to the company included Dubai banks such as Emirates NBD, Mashreqbank and Dubai Islamic Bank. They declined to comment.  

© Reuters/Satish Kumar Subramani FILE PHOTO: 

General view of Business Bay area, after a curfew was imposed to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in Dubai

The moves by Dubai Holding and Limitless have weakened the assumption that state support is a given, investors say, prompting some creditors to reassess their appetite for and exposure to Dubai-linked debt.

With tens of billions of dollars worth due for repayment over the next few years, some lenders are selling their exposures or making provisions for future losses, three banking sources told Reuters.

The price of Limitless debt has fallen sharply in the secondary market, according to price sheets reviewed by Reuters. The price of Islamic bonds issued by property firm Meraas, which was incorporated into Dubai Holding last year, has fallen steadily this year, according to Refinitiv data.

Dependent on trade and tourism, Dubai's economy has buckled under the strain of the pandemic and low oil prices. Forking out to support so-called government-related entities (GREs) would be a further strain on the public purse.

"The recent defaults have highlighted long-standing concerns about high public and private sector leverage against a backdrop of low growth and a very weak real estate market characterized by chronic over-capacity," said Cedric Berry, a Fitch analyst.

"In itself, a policy of more limited support is positive for the government’s finances and creditworthiness. However, there is limited transparency on the GREs’ balance sheets and the challenging economic environment has increased the risk that some entities could still require financial support, putting pressure on government finances."

The Dubai media office did not respond to Reuters queries on Dubai's indebtedness, Dubai Holding's exposures or the city state's plans to tackle the liabilities of state entities.

The United Arab Emirates Central Bank, asked whether it was encouraging banks to make provisions for outstanding Dubai debt, declined to comment.

"A TOUGH LINE TO DRAW"

In the case of Limitless and of Dubai Holding Investments Group, neither the state nor Dubai Holding had any contractual obligation to pay creditors.

Dubai Holding was only responsible for interest payments on the $1.2 billion loan and at its maturity it told creditors that it was "prepared to pursue an insolvent liquidation in the absence of any feasible alternative," a document sent to investors in December showed.

Dubai’s government explained its approach to GREs in the prospectus for a rare public sale of sovereign debt last year. The sheikhdom said that if such companies were unable to fulfil their debt obligations, the government may, "at its sole discretion, decide to extend such support as it may deem suitable."

But some investors have been working off the basis that there was an implicit government guarantee, two bankers said, a sentiment reinforced by Dubai's support for Emirates Group, the state-owned airline, during the coronavirus crisis.

The flag carrier was given a $2 billion equity injection by the state last year. An Emirates spokeswoman told Reuters that none of its debt has a guarantee by the government or by the Investment Corporation of Dubai, its sovereign wealth fund.

Investor confusion has been compounded by the fragmentation of Dubai's debt. Some sits under the government, some under its sovereign wealth fund, and some under the umbrella of Dubai Holding, the investment vehicle of Dubai's ruler - a major force in developing the local economy.

"It comes back to the same old argument, which is where does the ruler in his private capacity stop and the obligations of the emirate start. When you talk about an absolute monarchy, it’s a tough line to draw," a banker at a Dubai lender said.

Some of the debts owed by Limitless, the property developer, were trading at 20 cents on the dollar in December, down from 30 cents a few months earlier, according to secondary loan trading price sheets reviewed by Reuters.

Banks' provisions for bad and doubtful debts in the United Arab Emirates amounted to nearly $42 billion as of November last year, up from $36 billion at the end of 2019, according to central bank data.

Non-performing loans are expected to account for 7.6% of total loans in 2020, up from 6.5% a year earlier, the Institute of International Finance has estimated.

ABU DHABI

A dearth of statistics makes it difficult to get a full picture of Dubai’s financial situation. Its sovereign bonds are not rated by credit rating agencies and the city state has mostly used private placements and bilateral loans to raise capital.

The government said in August that its debt levels were equivalent to around 28% of 2019 gross domestic product, but that figure goes up to over 100% of GDP, according to estimates by research firms and ratings agencies, if debt raised by GREs is also taken into consideration.

In its bond prospectus last year, Dubai's government said it had no official estimate for GRE debt.

London Based Capital Economics has estimated that before the end of 2024 $38 billion of Dubai GRE debt is due for repayment, much of it in 2023.

Many of the debts date from the 2008-09 financial crisis. Back then, oil-rich Abu Dhabi gave Dubai a bailout helping its neighbour to support its state-controlled companies. Debts were renegotiated and extended.

This time around, no help has been forthcoming.

Abu Dhabi and Dubai were in talks last year to prop up Dubai’s economy by linking up assets in the two emirates, sources told Reuters at the time. Dubai denied the report.

Abu Dhabi did not respond to a request for comment.

A perception that Abu Dhabi would, however, support Dubai if required is factored into the price of Dubai sovereign debt, according to traders.

Bonds sold by Dubai last year which are due to mature in 2050 are currently trading at a premium of just over 1 percentage point over Abu Dhabi's paper with the same maturity, despite Abu Dhabi having a top credit rating and much larger financial wealth.

"Dubai benefits from perceived backing from Abu Dhabi, which is still an extremely strong credit, and could choose to provide support if needed," said Richard Briggs, investment manager at GAM.

($1 = 3.6728 UAE dirham)

(Additional reporting by Saeed Azhar; Editing by Carmel Crimmins)

State oil firms risk wasting $400 billion 

as energy transition speeds up

By Julia Payne  

© Reuters/VALENTYN OGIRENKO FILE PHOTO:

 The logo of SOCAR Energy is seen at a company's gas station in Kiev

LONDON (Reuters) - National oil companies (NOCs) risk squandering $400 billion on expensive oil and gas projects over the next decade that may only break even if the world fails to meet the Paris climate goals, a non-governmental organisation said on Tuesday.


In a new report called Risky Bet, the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) estimated that NOCs could invest $1.9 trillion over the next ten years, meaning one-fifth of those investments would be unviable unless the oil price stayed above $40 a barrel.

Major oil companies like BP, Total and Royal Dutch Shell have already progressively lowered their long term price estimates, now in the $50-60 a barrel range, while some analysts see even lower levels depending on the energy transition scenario.

The result could worsen inequalities as funds that could have been better spent on healthcare, education or diversifying the economy might instead create an economic crisis. Many of these NOCs are based in countries where 280 million people live below the poverty line.

"State oil companies' expenditures are a highly uncertain gamble," David Manley, senior economic analyst at NRGI and report co-author, said.

“They could pay off, or they could pave the way for economic crises across the emerging and developing world and necessitate future bailouts that cost the public dearly.”

(Graphic: NRGI risky NOC investments by region: https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/ce/xklpyoelxpg/NRGI%20with%20source.png

The report said that producers in the Middle East, such as Saudi Arabia, would be less impacted as their break even levels were much lower but African and Latin American countries would have more trouble.

A heavy debt burden is already an issue for Mexico's Pemex as well as Angola's Sonangol. Compounding the issue is the longheld expansionist view at many NOCs, along with a lack of transparency. On average, just one dollar in every four dollars of revenue is returned to government coffers, the report said.

Azerbaijan's SOCAR and Nigeria's NNPC were of particular concern, according to NRGI. About half of NNPC's investments in upcoming oil projects may turn into a loss if the global energy transition moves rapidly. Other countries where investments should be reviewed include Algeria, China, Russia, India, Mozambique, Venezuela, Colombia and Suriname.

(Reporting by Julia Payne; Editing by Toby Chopra)

CRIMINAL CAPITALI$T

Vancouver condo developer Mark John Chandler is “a financial predator,” a U.S. Federal Court judge said Monday while handing down a six-year sentence for a real estate investment fraud. 

© Provided by Vancouver Sun Accused fraudster Mark Chandler (left) crosses the street on his way back to BC Supreme Court Friday, September 8, 2017 to attend his extradition hearing.

Chandler swindled 12 U.S. investors out of $1.7 million more than a decade ago, taking their money for a purported Los Angeles condo project that never materialized, and instead using it to buy himself a Mercedes-Benz, chartering a private yacht, luxury purchases and high-end dining, and vacations in Hawaii and Las Vegas.

Chandler has not been charged with any criminal offences in Canada, but has been the subject of dozens of civil lawsuits in B.C., with many alleging “fraudulent conduct.” Those cases were a factor cited by U.S. District Court Judge Percy Anderson in his reasons for sentencing Monday in California.

“What’s galling is that the defendant had opportunity after opportunity to do the right thing, and yet he continued to defraud anyone who would listen,” Anderson said. “This defendant was, and is, a financial predator. The evidence showed that he’d rob, victimize and exploit anyone for his own personal gain, and it’s no coincidence that this defendant has more than 77 civil cases filed against him, where there have been numerous accusations of fraudulent conduct.”

Anderson’s jail sentence exceeded the 51 months in prison that U.S. prosecutors had requested, and was almost three times what Chandler’s defence lawyer argued was appropriate.

Chandler, who pleaded guilty to wire fraud in October, was also ordered to pay restitution in the amount of $1,703,965.56. His lawyer said Monday he has no assets.

In the government’s sentencing position, filed in December, the U.S. Attorney’s office said Chandler’s “extensive fraudulent scheme” involved “creating fake checks and fake bank and investment documentation, as well as using fraudulent checks to trick his victims into believing he was a successful legitimate businessman and that their investments were safe when, in fact, … (Chandler) stole in excess of $1.7 million from his victims to fund his own lavish lifestyle.”

Chandler’s “brazen criminal conduct financially and emotionally devastated his victims,” and “caused his victims to suffer depleted retirement accounts, bankruptcies, and lost homes,” prosecutors wrote.

One of Chandler’s victims, a California-based doctor, spoke by phone at the hearing, saying Chandler “fully expected to get away with it, because he was going to go back to Canada and he never thought he’d be extradited. … He was just going to do whatever he wanted and hightail it back to Canada thinking he was safe there.”

The judge also sentenced Chandler to three years of supervised release, which prosecutors said was necessary because Chandler “egregiously” breached his bail conditions earlier. While Chandler was living freely in Metro Vancouver and fighting his extradition to the U.S., he was ordered to surrender his passport and not leave the country. But he used a second passport and flew by private jet to Mexico for a vacation.

Chandler’s lawyers fought his extradition through Canadian courts for more than three years, before his last appeal failed in October 2019. He was transferred to the U.S., where he has remained in federal custody.

Monday’s hearing was conducted on a Zoom online video conference, with Chandler appearing from inside the Metropolitan Detention Centre in Los Angeles.

When the judge offered Chandler a chance to speak, he read from a prepared statement and apologized to his investors and his family. Chandler’s time in jail, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has been “the toughest experience I’ve been through during the 57 years of my life,” he said. Chandler contracted the COVID in prison, he said, and was “locked up 24 hours a day, being fed peanut butter and jelly for breakfast, lunch and dinner.”

In B.C., Chandler has also been the target of enforcement action from regulators, before and after his time in L.A., including accusations he mishandled more than $10 million of homebuyers’ deposits after returning from California for a Langley condo project called Murrayville House.

The Murrayville fiasco caused serious hardship for dozens of hopeful homebuyers, as one B.C. Supreme Court judge noted in a 2018 judgment in one civil lawsuit, calling the situation a “house of cards” that left behind “no winners.” At one point, the B.C. RCMP was investigating Chandler’s actions at Murrayville, but told Postmedia in December 2019 they were no longer reviewing the matter.

Gary Janzen of Langley and his wife suffered significant financial losses and emotional distress after they signed a presale agreement in 2016 for a Murrayville home. After Monday’s sentence was handed down, Janzen said: “We’re glad that justice has been done. … But we’re very disappointed and discouraged there’s no justice here.”

Following the sentencing, Ciaran McEvoy, a spokesman for the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Los Angeles, said: “Mr. Chandler’s lies resulted in substantial financial losses for his victims and a significant prison sentence for himself. Today’s sentencing underscores our office’s determination to bring justice to white-collar criminals — no matter how long it may take.”

dfumano@postmedia.com

twitter.com/fumano

World economy will lose trillions if poor countries shorted on vaccines: OECD


OTTAWA — As the Trudeau government is forced to explain delays rolling out COVID-19 vaccines, some of the world's economic and health leaders are warning of catastrophic financial consequences if poorer countries are shortchanged on vaccinations.

© Provided by The Canadian Press

At a video meeting convened by the Paris-based Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Monday, Secretary-General Angel Gurria predicted that rich countries would see their economies shrink by trillions of dollars if they don't do more to help poor countries receive vaccines.

The leaders of the World Health Organization and others also bemoaned the long-term damage of continued "vaccine nationalism" if current trends continue — rich countries getting a pandemic cure at a much higher rate than poorer ones.

It was a message that could provide some political cover for the Liberals, who have been widely criticized for shortfalls in deliveries of vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna while also facing international criticism for pre-buying enough doses of vaccines to cover Canada's population several times over.

Some international anti-poverty groups have also criticized Canada for planning to take delivery of 1.9 million doses from the COVAX Facility, a new international vaccine-sharing program that is primarily designed to help poor countries afford unaffordable vaccines, but also allows rich donor countries — including Canada — to receive vaccines.

Trudeau and his cabinet ministers on the vaccine file have repeatedly said that the pandemic can't be stamped out for good if it isn't defeated everywhere.

They say Canada is a trading nation that depends on the welfare of others for its economic prosperity — especially with the emergence of new variants of the virus in South Africa and Britain.

But their protestations are usually drowned out in the domestic clamour that tends to highlight unfavourable comparisons of Canada's vaccine rollout with the United States, Britain or other countries.

On Monday, Gurria — the veteran Mexican politician who has led the OECD for 15 years — brought the full force of his political gravitas by offering up a pocketbook argument that eschewed any pretence of altruism.

"It's a smart thing to do. It is ethically and morally right. But it is also economically right," said Gurria.

Video: Domestic vaccine supply to supplement international deals: Trudeau (The Canadian Press)

"The global economy stands to lose as much as $9.2 trillion, which is close to half the size of the U.S. economy, just to put it in context … as much as half of which would fall on advanced economies, so they would lose around $5 trillion."

The OECD is an international forum of more than three dozen mainly democratic and developed countries, including Canada, that aims to help foster economic growth and trade. It also conducts comprehensive economic research and issues the world's most authoritative annual report on what rich countries spend on foreign aid.

Canada's former finance minister Bill Morneau, who resigned last summer during the WE funding scandal, had said he was leaving politics because he long wanted to pursue the OECD leadership when Gurria departs later this year. In January, Morneau abandoned that ambition, saying he didn't have enough support among member countries.

Meanwhile, Trudeau said last week that Canada remains committed to helping poor countries cope with COVID-19 through its $220-million pledge to COVAX, and its $865-million commitment to the ACT Accelerator, which tries to ensure low- and middle-income countries have equitable access to medical treatments during the pandemic.

But Jorge Moreira da Silva, the OECD's development co-operation director, said COVAX is underfunded by US$5 billion, while the World Health Organization is predicting at US$27-billion shortfall for the ACT Accelerator.

Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the WHO director-general, said 75 per cent of vaccine doses are being administered in 10 wealthy countries.

"It's understandable that governments want to prioritize vaccinating their own health workers and older people first. But it's not right to vaccinate young, healthy adults in rich countries before health workers and older people in low-income nations," Tedros told the OECD forum.

"We must ensure that vaccines, diagnostics and life-saving therapies reach those most at risk and on the front lines in all countries. This is not just a moral imperative. It's also an economic imperative."

Trudeau has repeatedly said that all Canadians who want a vaccine will get one by the end of September but that it is too soon to say how the government will eventually decide to share its excess doses globally.

At Monday's forum, a spokesman for the pharmaceutical industry said the bumps and grinds of vaccine delivery to poor countries would be transformed into "a huge success" in the coming months.

"I think it's dangerous to talk about, you know, this is a huge moral injustice already now because … you will have significant rollout to developing countries," said Thomas Cueni, the director-general of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations.

"I haven't seen a single industrialized country, maybe with the exception of Israel, where young and healthy people are vaccinated."

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Feb. 9, 2021.

Mike Blanchfield, The Canadian Press

"Power in solidarity": Myanmar protesters inspired by Hong Kong and Thailand

(Reuters) - Using one hand to photograph this moment in Myanmar's history, Myat gave a three-finger "Hunger Games" salute of defiance to authoritarian rule as she stood with tens of thousands of other protesters gathered around the Sule Pagoda in downtown Yangon

© Reuters/STRINGER Rally against military coup in Naypyitaw

Passers-by and storekeepers returned the salute as Myat and her fellow demonstrators sang protest songs, while police watched on.

That was on Monday, the third day of protests by people opposed to a military coup against a civilian government that won a landslide election in November.

The three-finger salute was first adopted by activists in neighbouring Thailand opposed to a government there that is headed by a former army chief, who had also come to power in 2014 by overthrowing an elected government.

Before joining demonstrations, 28-year-old Myat says she reads a manual of Hong Kong protest tactics that has been translated into Burmese and shared thousands of times on social media.

Online, some opponents of Myanmar's Feb. 1 coup are connecting with users of the #MilkTeaAlliance hashtag that brought together campaigners in Thailand and Hong Kong.

"We saw how youths are participating in political movements in nearby countries," Myat said. "It inspired us to get involved."

Protesters told Reuters that social media helps them borrow symbols and ideas from elsewhere, like using Hong Kong-style flashmobs, rapidly shifting hashtags and colourful meme artworks.

Anticipating stronger action by police, protesters returned to the streets for mass protests on Tuesday, many wearing yellow construction helmets and carrying umbrellas, just as protesters in Hong Kong and Thailand had done.

The biggest protests in more than a decade have swept Myanmar to denounce the coup and demand the release of Aung San Suu Kyi. The deposed 75-year-old elected leader first came to prominence in 1988 during a very different generation of protests against an earlier junta.

For the first time in Myanmar, mass protests are joined by a Generation Z who grew up with greater freedom, prosperity and access to technology in what remains one of Southeast Asia’s poorest and most restrictive countries.

They are forming bonds with activists who took on Beijing's rule in Hong Kong and Thailand's government and its monarchy, which is accused of enabling decades of military domination.

"There's power in solidarity," said Sophie Mak, a Hong Kong human rights researcher and activist.

"Milk Tea Alliance is a pan-Asian solidarity movement basically comprising young people who are fed up by their governments' oppression," she told Reuters.

Allies abroad can amplify the message from Myanmar's activists, particularly when communications blackouts make it hard to get out information, she said.

The exchange in political campaigning culture is accompanied by protest art, with graphic artists preparing work to support each other.

One of the newest artworks shows the addition of a cup of Myanmar's own strong sweet tea to the image of milky tea drinks from Thailand, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

"Youths gained more exposure to the rest of the world during the last five years of the civilian government," said 24-year Nadi told Reuters at the same protest in Yangon.

"We witnessed what happened in Hong Kong and Thailand and it is a big influence on today's movement," she added.

Nearby, a bridge pillar had been covered in colourful post-its with anti-coup messages, copying Hong Kong's popular "Lennon Walls."

Pro-democracy campaigner "mhonism" - who asked to be identified only by his Twitter handle - dubbed Myanmar the newest member of the Milk Tea Alliance in a tweet sent hours after the coup that was shared more than 22,000 times.

He then helped to coordinate protests against Myanmar's coup in Thailand by Thais and people from Myanmar to demonstrate " solidarity."

Thai pro-democracy groups have now hung banners supporting Myanmar protesters in Bangkok - despite the disapproval of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, himself a former junta leader, who has said Thais should stay out of Myanmar's "internal affairs".

The exchange of ideas goes both ways.

Thailand's largest youth protest group, Ratsadon, has announced a protest on Wednesday with the banging of pots and pans - something the Myanmar anti-coup protesters have been doing nightly as a way to drive out evil spirits.

The aim is to protest against both governments.

"We went through the same thing," said Rathasat Plenwong , a Thai protester and Milk Tea Alliance activist. "Now we support and inspire each other."

(Reporting by Reuters reporters, writing by Fanny Potkin & Patpicha Tanakasempipat, editing by Matthew Tostevin & Simon Cameron-Moore)

Myanmar protesters march despite ban on gatherings

Demonstrators have taken to the streets in Myanmar in defiance of new rules imposed by the military junta that make their protests illegal.


Protesters flash the three-finger salute of "Hunger Games" fame that has come to symbolize their movement

Protesters against the Myanmar military coup rallied on Tuesday in the country's two biggest cities, defying a ban on gatherings of more than five people.

Demonstrators want power restored to the deposed civilian government and freedom for the nation's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi and her allies.

Coup leaders issued decrees on Monday night that banned gatherings of more than five people in parts of Yangon and Mandalay. Thousands of people have been demonstrating in both places since Saturday.

According to the Reuters news agency, security forces arrested at least 27 people in the latest protests.

The legislation bans gatherings of more than five people and imposes an 8 p.m. to

Myanmar: Nationwide strike begins as protests spread

Yangon is Myanmar's largest city, with Mandalay second. It is not immediately clear if decrees have been imposed for other areas.

Photos circulating online showed police in the capital, Naypyidaw, used water cannon against protesters.

People in the crowd chanted "End the military dictatorship" as the water cannon was fired.

Protesters want power restored to the deposed elected government and freedom for Suu Kyi. The military detained her and other members of her National League for Democracy (NLD) when it blocked a new session of parliament from convening on February 1.

Watch video 02:07 China's edge in geopolitical fight over Myanmar

Junta chief General Min Aung Hlaing made a televised speech on Monday evening in an effort to justify the coup. In his address, he insisted the power grab was justified because of "voter fraud".

Government employees, doctors and teachers are among those have joined a call for civil disobedience and strikes.

The 75-year-old Suu Kyi has been held incommunicado since the coup and is being held in police detention until February 15. She faces charges of illegally importing six walkie-talkies.

While the NLD won the November national elections by a landslide, the military never accepted the legitimacy of the vote.

rc/rs (AFP, Reuters)