Accent: Climate change is impacting the world’s tiniest organisms
A PhD student in the Boreal Ecology program at the Vale Living with Lakes Centre is studying how the large scale impacts of climate change can affect microscopic organisms in the Hudson Bay lowlands.
Working in the far north of Ontario and Manitoba, Adam Kirkwood is examining how permafrost thaw is changing the activity, composition, and abundance of microbial communities.
These microbes play an important role in processing different chemical elements in the environment. For example, they can break down carbon to produce greenhouse gases like methane or transform inorganic mercury into its more toxic, organic form.
By collecting samples and using molecular techniques like DNA sequencing, Kirkwood’s research highlights how climate change is altering the way that these organisms behave.
“The Hudson Bay lowlands is the world’s second largest northern peatland. It has an area of 372,000 kilometres squared, which is almost the same size as the province of Newfoundland and Labrador,” said Kirkwood.
“It’s a really big peatland that stores a lot of carbon, which is the element that is the main constituent of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. It also stores a lot of metals like mercury.”
The area is also very cold. This means that it has permafrost, which is any ground that remains completely frozen throughout the year.
“This permafrost has captured and stored all of this carbon and mercury, which means it hasn’t been cycled like it would somewhere like Sudbury where the ground freezes and thaws each year,” he said.
“Now, with climate change, this area is getting warmer and the permafrost is starting to thaw. That means that this carbon and mercury is becoming available for decomposition by microbial communities.”
These microbial communities are groups of microorganisms that live together in the same space. Communities are made up of tiny microbes like bacteria that interact with each other and different elements in the ecosystem.
“As the permafrost thaws in the Hudson Bay lowlands, it creates very unique environments and each of these different environments will have different habitats for microbial communities,” said Kirkwood.
“These permafrost thaw environments are very warm, and they have a lot of moisture. This creates suitable habitats for microbes called methanogens, for example, which decompose carbon and produce methane that is released into the atmosphere.”
Studying the behaviour of these methanogens was the focus of Kirkwood’s master’s thesis. For his PhD, he has turned towards microbes that play a role in processing mercury.
“Inorganic mercury is stored in the soils, and as the permafrost thaws, microbes now have access to this mercury. They take in this inorganic mercury, and though the microbe’s metabolic processes, its byproduct is the organic version – methylmercury,” said Kirkwood.
“It’s taking mercury from the ground and converting it into another kind of mercury, but that mercury is highly toxic.”
Once this mercury gets into the water and other aquatic ecosystems, he added, it can move up the food chain, and when it is consumed by humans, it can have negative health consequences.
This phenomenon has big implications for nearby communities that rely on subsistence fishing from their traditional territories.
“In the Hudson Bay lowlands, particularly around Attawapiskat and other communities, there has been a lot of focus on studying methylmercury in fish,” said Kirkwood.
“They have found that there is a significant amount of methylmercury in different types of fish, but we are interested in learning where this mercury in the water is coming from.”
The environment in the Hudson Bay lowlands, he added, is fairly pristine. There aren’t that many human-caused sources of mercury in the area, like from mining operations, for example.
“I am interested in kind of teasing out the linkages between the land and the water and whether this increase of mercury in the fish is coming from the land as a response to climate change,” he said.
Kirkwood will travel to far north communities to extract soil and permafrost samples – some of these samples will be sent to Western University to be analyzed for mercury content.
Back at the Living with Lakes Centre, Kirkwood will do a DNA extraction on the soils and send that for sequencing.
“We can use this information and put it through a database that tells us what kinds of microbes are in each sample. For example, it can tell me whether there are bacteria capable of methylmercury production present,” he said.
“That gives us an idea of what the microbial community looks like and it allows us to compare microbial communities from these different thawed environments.”
Once they know the composition of these microbial communities and how much mercury is in each sample, researchers can “tease out” environments more likely to produce methylmercury.
This information will be useful to inform policy decisions.
“One of the goals of my research is to be able to make a rough map. We should be able to say this area has lots of mercury stored in it and we also show that it has high potential for mercury methylation. Or we might find an area that has lots of mercury but a low potential for mercury methylation,” said Kirkwood.
“By making a map or an estimate of these environments, we can use that to help guide policy. We can say, OK, you really need to avoid development in this area because development and the destruction of the landscape could really lead to accelerated permafrost thaw and the production of methylmercury.”
Permafrost is very sensitive to changes, said Kirkwood. If you build a road over permafrost, for example, the heat from that road can leach into the ground and cause the permafrost to warm.
“Because the Hudson Bay lowlands is already a very southern area of permafrost, it’s very sensitive,” he said.
“Even changing the amount of snow cover on permafrost can lead to the initiation of thaw.”
Any development in the area that is not strategically placed could have negative impacts on the environment.
“Stepping away from microbes for a second and thinking about the bigger picture, permafrost is so important because it is basically the foundation of the north. As it thaws, it has implications for the people who live there,” said Kirkwood.
“In speaking with local communities, they’ve said that in the last 60 or 70 years, things like traveling across the land have become a lot harder because the permafrost is thawing. There are lots more ponds, swamps, and muskegs.”
Kirkwood said that historically, most research on permafrost thaw has been done in the western Canadian Arctic, the High Arctic, and in Nunavik in northern Quebec.
“Not many people have studied the permafrost in the Hudson Bay lowlands until about the last decade or two,” he said.
“There have been a few studies that came out showing pretty quick thawing of the permafrost near the Attawapiskat area. I have looked at air photos of my study area on the Hudson Bay coast from the 1950s until now. You can see that the degradation is quite extensive. We can only assume that’s because this area is warming up significantly.”
Kirkwood, who refers to himself as a veteran student of Laurentian University, completed both his undergraduate and master’s degree at the school.
“If you had asked me five or six years ago if I would be studying permafrost, I would have thought you were crazy – why would I want to study frozen dirt?” he said.
“But I started taking courses on it with my supervisor and something just clicked. I found it very interesting and I love the idea of how large-scale changes to the landscape can lead to such small-scale changes for things like microbes.”
He has been working on his PhD at the Living with Lakes centre for about a year and half.
The COVID-19 pandemic prevented fieldwork last summer, but he’s looking forward to heading north and collecting samples this year.
“What I really love about this work is that I don’t have to just sit in a lab,” he said.
“I actually get to go out there and see how these microbes are changing based on these bigger environmental changes.”
The Local Journalism Initiative is made possible through funding from the federal government.
sud.editorial@sunmedia.ca
Twitter: @SudburyStar
Colleen Romaniuk, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, The Sudbury Star
Saturday, August 21, 2021
BAD BIDEN #ENDWOLFHUNTING
Biden backs end to wolf protections but hunting worries growFARIBAULT, Minn. (AP) — President Joe Biden's administration is sticking by the decision under former President Donald Trump to lift protections for gray wolves across most of the U.S.
But a top federal wildlife official on Friday told The Associated Press there is growing concern over aggressive wolf hunting seasons adopted for the predators in the western Great Lakes and northern Rocky Mountains.
© Provided by The Canadian Press
Wolves under federal protection made a remarkable rebound in parts of the U.S. over the past several decades, after being driven from the landscape by excessive hunting and trapping in the early 1900s.
States took over wolf management last decade in the Northern Rockies and in January for the remainder of the Lower 48 states, including the Great Lakes and Pacific Northwest.
The removal of Endangered Species Act protections had been in the works for years and was the right thing to do when finalized in Trump's last days, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Assistant Director for Ecological Services Gary Frazer told AP.
On Friday, attorneys for the administration asked a federal judge in California to reject a lawsuit from wildlife advocate s that seeks to restore protections, signaling the conclusion of Biden's promise on his first day in office to review the Trump move.
But wolf management policies in place at the state level have shifted dramatically since protections were lifted, and Frazer suggested the federal government could take steps to restore protections if population declines put wolves back on the path to extinction.
“Certainly some of the things we’re seeing are concerning,” he said.
Wisconsin moved quickly to reduce the state’s wolf numbers, after a pro-hunting group with close ties to conservative Republicans won a court order that allowed hunters — some using hounds — to kill 218 wolves in four days.
Meanwhile, Republican-dominated legislatures in Idaho and Montana loosened hunting rules to allow tactics shunned by many wildlife managers, including hunting wolves at night and from the air and payments for dead wolves reminiscent of bounties that drove them to near-extinction.
Frazer said the different states showed a common approach: legislatures and politically appointed wildlife commissions taking determined steps to reduce populations.
“We're aware that circumstances have changed and we'll be watching closely to see how the population responds," he added.
The lead attorney in the lawsuit to restore protections for wolves outside of the Northern Rockies said he was disappointed in the Biden administration for not responding immediately to the push by states to cull more packs.
“Why should we hammer the population back down and lose all the gains that have been made before any kind of remedial action?" asked Tim Preso with the environmental law firm Earthjustice. "The writing's on the wall. Montana and Idaho are clear on what they're intending and Wisconsin is right behind them.”
Montana wildlife commissioners on Friday adopted hunting rule changes in accordance with new state laws that allow the use of snares to kill wolves, night hunting and use of bait — methods criticized as unethical by some hunters and former officials. The new rules went further than recommended by state wildlife experts, who for example wanted to limit snare use to private land only.
Montana Fish and Wildlife Commission Vice Chair Patrick Tabor, a hunting outfitter from the Whitefish area, said in voting in favor of the changes that he was proud of his hunting ethics. Tabor said the loosened rules “allow more opportunity for hunters, to give them in essence better odds in trying to be successful because they (wolves) are an incredibly difficult animal to hunt.”
Defenders of the move to lift federal protections noted efforts to put wolves under state management enjoyed bipartisan support in Washington going back to President Barack Obama.
Yet the policies adopted by the states reflect an increasingly partisan approach to predator management in legislatures dominated by Republicans.
The wolf population in the Midwest has grown to more than 4,400 wolves, according to government figures disputed by some scientists who say officials undercount wolves killed by poachers.
There's been growing frustration in recent years among livestock producers and hunters over attacks on cattle and big game. In Wisconsin, a Republican-controlled board set the state’s fall hunt quota at 300 animals, rejecting a 130-animal limit recommended by state wildlife managers.
Wisconsin’s Democratic attorney general is seeking a court order to oust the board’s chairman, whose term expired in May. Democratic Gov. Tony Evers has appointed a successor, but the incumbent is refusing to step down until the Senate confirms the appointment. The Senate, dominated by Republicans, hasn’t held a hearing on the appointment.
Hundreds of wolves are now killed annually by hunters and trappers in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. The Northern Rockies' population has remained strong — more than 3,000 animals, according to wildlife officials — because wolves breed so successfully and can roam huge areas of wild land in the sparsely populated region.
Some state officials are intent on reducing those numbers to curb livestock attacks and protect the big game herds that wolves prey upon. Supporters of restoring protections warn that will tip the scales and reduce wolf numbers to unsustainable levels, while also threatening packs in nearby states that have interconnected populations.
An indication of how deeply federal officials are worried about the states' wolf policies is expected in the next several weeks, when they respond to petitions filed in June to again put wolves in the U.S. West under federal protections.
___
This story has been corrected to reflect the name of a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service official. He is Gary Frazer, not Frazier.
___
Iris Samuels contributed from Helena, Montana. Brown reported from Billings, Montana.
Matthew Brown And John Flesher, The Associated Press
Wolves under federal protection made a remarkable rebound in parts of the U.S. over the past several decades, after being driven from the landscape by excessive hunting and trapping in the early 1900s.
States took over wolf management last decade in the Northern Rockies and in January for the remainder of the Lower 48 states, including the Great Lakes and Pacific Northwest.
The removal of Endangered Species Act protections had been in the works for years and was the right thing to do when finalized in Trump's last days, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Assistant Director for Ecological Services Gary Frazer told AP.
On Friday, attorneys for the administration asked a federal judge in California to reject a lawsuit from wildlife advocate s that seeks to restore protections, signaling the conclusion of Biden's promise on his first day in office to review the Trump move.
But wolf management policies in place at the state level have shifted dramatically since protections were lifted, and Frazer suggested the federal government could take steps to restore protections if population declines put wolves back on the path to extinction.
“Certainly some of the things we’re seeing are concerning,” he said.
Wisconsin moved quickly to reduce the state’s wolf numbers, after a pro-hunting group with close ties to conservative Republicans won a court order that allowed hunters — some using hounds — to kill 218 wolves in four days.
Meanwhile, Republican-dominated legislatures in Idaho and Montana loosened hunting rules to allow tactics shunned by many wildlife managers, including hunting wolves at night and from the air and payments for dead wolves reminiscent of bounties that drove them to near-extinction.
Frazer said the different states showed a common approach: legislatures and politically appointed wildlife commissions taking determined steps to reduce populations.
“We're aware that circumstances have changed and we'll be watching closely to see how the population responds," he added.
The lead attorney in the lawsuit to restore protections for wolves outside of the Northern Rockies said he was disappointed in the Biden administration for not responding immediately to the push by states to cull more packs.
“Why should we hammer the population back down and lose all the gains that have been made before any kind of remedial action?" asked Tim Preso with the environmental law firm Earthjustice. "The writing's on the wall. Montana and Idaho are clear on what they're intending and Wisconsin is right behind them.”
Montana wildlife commissioners on Friday adopted hunting rule changes in accordance with new state laws that allow the use of snares to kill wolves, night hunting and use of bait — methods criticized as unethical by some hunters and former officials. The new rules went further than recommended by state wildlife experts, who for example wanted to limit snare use to private land only.
Montana Fish and Wildlife Commission Vice Chair Patrick Tabor, a hunting outfitter from the Whitefish area, said in voting in favor of the changes that he was proud of his hunting ethics. Tabor said the loosened rules “allow more opportunity for hunters, to give them in essence better odds in trying to be successful because they (wolves) are an incredibly difficult animal to hunt.”
Defenders of the move to lift federal protections noted efforts to put wolves under state management enjoyed bipartisan support in Washington going back to President Barack Obama.
Yet the policies adopted by the states reflect an increasingly partisan approach to predator management in legislatures dominated by Republicans.
The wolf population in the Midwest has grown to more than 4,400 wolves, according to government figures disputed by some scientists who say officials undercount wolves killed by poachers.
There's been growing frustration in recent years among livestock producers and hunters over attacks on cattle and big game. In Wisconsin, a Republican-controlled board set the state’s fall hunt quota at 300 animals, rejecting a 130-animal limit recommended by state wildlife managers.
Wisconsin’s Democratic attorney general is seeking a court order to oust the board’s chairman, whose term expired in May. Democratic Gov. Tony Evers has appointed a successor, but the incumbent is refusing to step down until the Senate confirms the appointment. The Senate, dominated by Republicans, hasn’t held a hearing on the appointment.
Hundreds of wolves are now killed annually by hunters and trappers in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. The Northern Rockies' population has remained strong — more than 3,000 animals, according to wildlife officials — because wolves breed so successfully and can roam huge areas of wild land in the sparsely populated region.
Some state officials are intent on reducing those numbers to curb livestock attacks and protect the big game herds that wolves prey upon. Supporters of restoring protections warn that will tip the scales and reduce wolf numbers to unsustainable levels, while also threatening packs in nearby states that have interconnected populations.
An indication of how deeply federal officials are worried about the states' wolf policies is expected in the next several weeks, when they respond to petitions filed in June to again put wolves in the U.S. West under federal protections.
___
This story has been corrected to reflect the name of a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service official. He is Gary Frazer, not Frazier.
___
Iris Samuels contributed from Helena, Montana. Brown reported from Billings, Montana.
Matthew Brown And John Flesher, The Associated Press
A game changer for the French Resistance: The Barbès metro attack, 80 years on
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
Text by: Stéphanie TROUILLARD
French Resistance member Pierre Georges shot dead a German naval midshipman on August 21, 1941, at Barbès-Rochechouart metro station in occupied Paris – the first deadly attack on the occupiers, which prompted the Nazis to kill hundreds of hostages they were holding in the occupied zone. FRANCE 24 looks back at this seminal moment for La Resistance, 80 years on.
The crisp bureaucratic prose of the Paris police report captures the daring and drama: “This morning, at 8:05am on August 21, at Barbès-Rochechouart station, line 4, at the platform for the Porte d’Orléans direction, a German naval officer, Mr. [Alfons] Moser, was shot twice as he was getting into the first-class carriage. [...] An individual standing at the door of the carriage fired two shots from a gun, through his pocket, at the officer approaching the other door. The perpetrator and another individual quickly got off the train, ran to the exit, jumped over the barriers and fled the scene.”
The Resistance fighter who killed the naval officer was Pierre Georges, 21, who soon became known by his nom de guerre Colonel Fabien. Georges had been made second-in-command of the Communist youth battalion at the start of August 1941.
“The attack was his brainchild,” noted Gilles Ferragu, a professor at the University of Paris Nanterre and author of an overview of hostage-taking throughout history, Hostages, une histoire.
Sprinting through the streets of Paris, Georges shouted: “We’ve avenged Titi!” Two of his comrades, Samuel Tyszelman and Henri Gautherot, had been executed two days earlier after their arrest at an anti-Nazi demonstration earlier in the month. General Otto von Stulpnagel, German military commander in occupied France, issued a decree on August 14 that all communist activity was henceforth punishable by death.
The Barbès attack changed the nature of the Occupation. The Wehrmacht (German army) commander in the Paris region announced two days afterwards that “any French people arrested – whether by the German authorities in France or by the French for the Germans – are considered hostages”.
“In response to any other such act, and corresponding to its gravity, a number of hostages will be shot,” the decree continued.
“The killing of the German naval officer was a pretext for the Nazis’ intensified repression in France, focused on the hostage policy,” Ferragu noted.
“Of course, the Wehrmacht was quite happy to take French hostages after the June 1940 capitulation without shooting them,” he added. “But that changed in August 1941.”
Mass executions
Hatred of communism was at the centre of Hitler’s worldview, with a Nazi canard maintaining the ideology was a Jewish plot as part of a Judeo-Bolshevik conspiracy theory. But French communists kept a lid on their activities in light of the Nazis’ Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact with the USSR – until Hitler tore up the agreement, invading the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa in June 1941.
“The French Communist Party kept a low profile until then,” said Dominique Tantin, head of the Association pour un Maitron des fusillés et exécutés (an association for the memory of Nazi execution victims known as Maitron), which works to honour the memory of French Resistance members killed by the Nazis.
“After Operation Barbarossa, the communists became fully involved in the Resistance – despite initial concerns, such as a reluctance to kill soldiers because they could well have been members of the working class,” Tantin continued.
“The executions of Tyszelman and Gautherot provoked the communists to ramp up their activities – and Georges decided to set an example.”
The first Nazi hostage killings in retribution took place in early September and intensified over the course of the month. A September 16 decree from Berlin created a climate of terror by encouraging the German occupiers to engage in massive reprisals – targeting communist and Jewish prisoners, whom the Nazis deemed “ideologically guilty”.
The decree unleashed mass executions. The best-known in France is the killing of 48 hostages in Paris, and Nantes and Châteaubriant in western France on October 22, 1941, in reaction to the assassination of senior Wehrmacht officer Lieutenant-Colonel Karl Hotz.
“This was the first huge execution, and it caused a major shock,” Tantin wrote.
Two days later, 50 hostages were executed in Gironde in France’s rural southwest in retaliation for an attack on a German naval officer in Bordeaux. But it was on December 15, 1941, that the killings reached a record, with 95 hostages shot dead.
In total, from September to December 1941, the Nazis killed 243 French hostages, including 154 non-Jewish communists and 56 Jews, most of whom were communists.
Nazis ‘should have stayed home’
General Charles de Gaulle, the leader of Free France – the London-based government-in-exile that rejected the June 1940 Armistice – said on an October 23 BBC broadcast: “French killings of the German occupiers are absolutely justified. If the Germans don’t want to be killed, they should have stayed home and not gone to war with us.”
But De Gaulle also urged the Resistance to engage only in strikes of major symbolic value, on the grounds that “it’s currently too easy for the enemy to retaliate with massacres”.
However, despite their toll in French blood and tears, the Nazi reprisals achieved a major Resistance goal of winning over French hearts and minds.
“In spite of everything, it was the horror of the German hostage killings in revenge that achieved the Resistance’s objective – rousing French people from their apathy and shifting public opinion decisively in the Resistance’s favour,” as Tantin put it.
The Vichy puppet regime was also involved in the reprisals. “When the occupiers wanted to take revenge for the Nantes attack, the Nazis asked [Marshal Philippe] Pétain’s regime to provide a list of hostages – and Interior Minister Pierre Pucheu complied, furnishing the Germans with a list of 61 people, mainly communists,” Tantin noted.
But these reprisals were counter-productive for Vichy as well as for the Nazis. They were no deterrent; the Resistance attacks continued. A new Nazi measure on November 7 decreed that captured Resistance fighters had to be deported to Germany.
‘Forgotten in collective memory’
As French public opinion soured further into disgust with the Nazi occupiers – and as Germany needed French labour to help provide military materiel – the hostage-killing policy ended by the end of November 1942.
However, the Nazis revived the policy on one final occasion after that – taking 50 French hostages from a prison camp near Paris and shooting them dead, a few days after the assassination of an SS colonel in Paris in September 1943.
According to Maitron’s research, the Nazis killed 819 hostages in the occupied zone (northern France and the entire Atlantic Coast, directly occupied by the Nazis, as opposed to the central and southern zone run by the Vichy regime collaborators) between 1941 and 1943.
The group have been working to compile biographies of each and every French hostage the Nazis killed. “They have been forgotten in the collective memory, and we need to show people their stories and their characters," Tantin said.
As the poet Louis Aragon wrote in Les Martyrs after he recovered the testimonies and letters in 1942 of the Resistance fighters killed at Châteaubriant: “Do such things really happen in France? Yes, they do, you can be sure of that. These 27 men embodied France – in a way that the people who identified them to their German executioners do not. Their blood will not have been shed in vain.”
This article was translated from the original in French.
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
The German poster announcing the September 1941 Barbès-Rochechouart metro station attack in Paris and the repression that would follow in occupied France. © Musée de la Résistance nationale, historical collection, 1985
Text by: Stéphanie TROUILLARD
French Resistance member Pierre Georges shot dead a German naval midshipman on August 21, 1941, at Barbès-Rochechouart metro station in occupied Paris – the first deadly attack on the occupiers, which prompted the Nazis to kill hundreds of hostages they were holding in the occupied zone. FRANCE 24 looks back at this seminal moment for La Resistance, 80 years on.
The crisp bureaucratic prose of the Paris police report captures the daring and drama: “This morning, at 8:05am on August 21, at Barbès-Rochechouart station, line 4, at the platform for the Porte d’Orléans direction, a German naval officer, Mr. [Alfons] Moser, was shot twice as he was getting into the first-class carriage. [...] An individual standing at the door of the carriage fired two shots from a gun, through his pocket, at the officer approaching the other door. The perpetrator and another individual quickly got off the train, ran to the exit, jumped over the barriers and fled the scene.”
The Resistance fighter who killed the naval officer was Pierre Georges, 21, who soon became known by his nom de guerre Colonel Fabien. Georges had been made second-in-command of the Communist youth battalion at the start of August 1941.
“The attack was his brainchild,” noted Gilles Ferragu, a professor at the University of Paris Nanterre and author of an overview of hostage-taking throughout history, Hostages, une histoire.
Sprinting through the streets of Paris, Georges shouted: “We’ve avenged Titi!” Two of his comrades, Samuel Tyszelman and Henri Gautherot, had been executed two days earlier after their arrest at an anti-Nazi demonstration earlier in the month. General Otto von Stulpnagel, German military commander in occupied France, issued a decree on August 14 that all communist activity was henceforth punishable by death.
The Barbès attack changed the nature of the Occupation. The Wehrmacht (German army) commander in the Paris region announced two days afterwards that “any French people arrested – whether by the German authorities in France or by the French for the Germans – are considered hostages”.
“In response to any other such act, and corresponding to its gravity, a number of hostages will be shot,” the decree continued.
“The killing of the German naval officer was a pretext for the Nazis’ intensified repression in France, focused on the hostage policy,” Ferragu noted.
“Of course, the Wehrmacht was quite happy to take French hostages after the June 1940 capitulation without shooting them,” he added. “But that changed in August 1941.”
Mass executions
Hatred of communism was at the centre of Hitler’s worldview, with a Nazi canard maintaining the ideology was a Jewish plot as part of a Judeo-Bolshevik conspiracy theory. But French communists kept a lid on their activities in light of the Nazis’ Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact with the USSR – until Hitler tore up the agreement, invading the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa in June 1941.
“The French Communist Party kept a low profile until then,” said Dominique Tantin, head of the Association pour un Maitron des fusillés et exécutés (an association for the memory of Nazi execution victims known as Maitron), which works to honour the memory of French Resistance members killed by the Nazis.
“After Operation Barbarossa, the communists became fully involved in the Resistance – despite initial concerns, such as a reluctance to kill soldiers because they could well have been members of the working class,” Tantin continued.
“The executions of Tyszelman and Gautherot provoked the communists to ramp up their activities – and Georges decided to set an example.”
The first Nazi hostage killings in retribution took place in early September and intensified over the course of the month. A September 16 decree from Berlin created a climate of terror by encouraging the German occupiers to engage in massive reprisals – targeting communist and Jewish prisoners, whom the Nazis deemed “ideologically guilty”.
The decree unleashed mass executions. The best-known in France is the killing of 48 hostages in Paris, and Nantes and Châteaubriant in western France on October 22, 1941, in reaction to the assassination of senior Wehrmacht officer Lieutenant-Colonel Karl Hotz.
“This was the first huge execution, and it caused a major shock,” Tantin wrote.
Two days later, 50 hostages were executed in Gironde in France’s rural southwest in retaliation for an attack on a German naval officer in Bordeaux. But it was on December 15, 1941, that the killings reached a record, with 95 hostages shot dead.
In total, from September to December 1941, the Nazis killed 243 French hostages, including 154 non-Jewish communists and 56 Jews, most of whom were communists.
Nazis ‘should have stayed home’
General Charles de Gaulle, the leader of Free France – the London-based government-in-exile that rejected the June 1940 Armistice – said on an October 23 BBC broadcast: “French killings of the German occupiers are absolutely justified. If the Germans don’t want to be killed, they should have stayed home and not gone to war with us.”
But De Gaulle also urged the Resistance to engage only in strikes of major symbolic value, on the grounds that “it’s currently too easy for the enemy to retaliate with massacres”.
However, despite their toll in French blood and tears, the Nazi reprisals achieved a major Resistance goal of winning over French hearts and minds.
“In spite of everything, it was the horror of the German hostage killings in revenge that achieved the Resistance’s objective – rousing French people from their apathy and shifting public opinion decisively in the Resistance’s favour,” as Tantin put it.
The Vichy puppet regime was also involved in the reprisals. “When the occupiers wanted to take revenge for the Nantes attack, the Nazis asked [Marshal Philippe] Pétain’s regime to provide a list of hostages – and Interior Minister Pierre Pucheu complied, furnishing the Germans with a list of 61 people, mainly communists,” Tantin noted.
But these reprisals were counter-productive for Vichy as well as for the Nazis. They were no deterrent; the Resistance attacks continued. A new Nazi measure on November 7 decreed that captured Resistance fighters had to be deported to Germany.
‘Forgotten in collective memory’
As French public opinion soured further into disgust with the Nazi occupiers – and as Germany needed French labour to help provide military materiel – the hostage-killing policy ended by the end of November 1942.
However, the Nazis revived the policy on one final occasion after that – taking 50 French hostages from a prison camp near Paris and shooting them dead, a few days after the assassination of an SS colonel in Paris in September 1943.
According to Maitron’s research, the Nazis killed 819 hostages in the occupied zone (northern France and the entire Atlantic Coast, directly occupied by the Nazis, as opposed to the central and southern zone run by the Vichy regime collaborators) between 1941 and 1943.
The group have been working to compile biographies of each and every French hostage the Nazis killed. “They have been forgotten in the collective memory, and we need to show people their stories and their characters," Tantin said.
As the poet Louis Aragon wrote in Les Martyrs after he recovered the testimonies and letters in 1942 of the Resistance fighters killed at Châteaubriant: “Do such things really happen in France? Yes, they do, you can be sure of that. These 27 men embodied France – in a way that the people who identified them to their German executioners do not. Their blood will not have been shed in vain.”
This article was translated from the original in French.
RACIST, ANTI MIGRANT, ANTI VAXXER, WHITE NATIONALIST PARTY LEADER
People's Party Leader Maxime Bernier will not be in federal election debates
CBC/Radio-Canada
The party's candidates in the 2019 federal election received at least four per cent of the total number of valid votes cast.
The party has a national support level of at least four per cent, five days after the date the election is called. That is measured by leading national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly reported results.
Earlier today, NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh said he did not think Bernier should be invited to the debates on the grounds that he is "opposed to science" and has put out "dangerous rhetoric."
Bernier has said he does not plan to get the COVID-19 vaccine because he is relatively young and healthy, so he would be unlikely to experience severe symptoms if he became infected with the virus.
In the past, Bernier has flouted COVID-19 health restrictions by attending a number of rallies protesting against public health measures. He was arrested by Manitoba RCMP in June for violating public health orders.
A French-language debate will be held on Sept. 8 from 8 to 10 p.m. EDT, and an English-language event will be held the next day from 9 to 11 p.m. EDT. Both debates will take place at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Que.
The debates are being produced by a coalition of media outlets: CBC News and Radio-Canada, APTN News, CTV News, Global News, L'actualité, Les coops de l'information, Le Devoir, Noovo Info and La Presse.
People's Party Leader Maxime Bernier will not be in federal election debates
CBC/Radio-Canada
© Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press People's Party of Canada Leader Maxime Bernier will not be invited to participate in the upcoming election debates.
Leaders' Debates Commissioner David Johnston has confirmed that leaders of five political parties will be invited to participate in the upcoming election debates - but People's Party of Canada Leader Maxime Bernier is not among them.
The leaders of the Bloc Québécois, Conservative Party of Canada, Green Party of Canada, Liberal Party of Canada and New Democratic Party met the criteria to take part.
In order to be eligible as a participant, the leader must meet one of these three criteria:
The party has at least one MP in the House of Commons who was elected as a member of that party.
Leaders' Debates Commissioner David Johnston has confirmed that leaders of five political parties will be invited to participate in the upcoming election debates - but People's Party of Canada Leader Maxime Bernier is not among them.
The leaders of the Bloc Québécois, Conservative Party of Canada, Green Party of Canada, Liberal Party of Canada and New Democratic Party met the criteria to take part.
In order to be eligible as a participant, the leader must meet one of these three criteria:
The party has at least one MP in the House of Commons who was elected as a member of that party.
The party's candidates in the 2019 federal election received at least four per cent of the total number of valid votes cast.
The party has a national support level of at least four per cent, five days after the date the election is called. That is measured by leading national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly reported results.
Earlier today, NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh said he did not think Bernier should be invited to the debates on the grounds that he is "opposed to science" and has put out "dangerous rhetoric."
Bernier has said he does not plan to get the COVID-19 vaccine because he is relatively young and healthy, so he would be unlikely to experience severe symptoms if he became infected with the virus.
In the past, Bernier has flouted COVID-19 health restrictions by attending a number of rallies protesting against public health measures. He was arrested by Manitoba RCMP in June for violating public health orders.
A French-language debate will be held on Sept. 8 from 8 to 10 p.m. EDT, and an English-language event will be held the next day from 9 to 11 p.m. EDT. Both debates will take place at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Que.
The debates are being produced by a coalition of media outlets: CBC News and Radio-Canada, APTN News, CTV News, Global News, L'actualité, Les coops de l'information, Le Devoir, Noovo Info and La Presse.
‘This is a crisis’: Yukon minister urges action on climate change
The Yukon might be the only jurisdiction in Canada with a climate scientist sitting in cabinet.
In the 1970s and 1980s, John Streicker committed himself to convincing others that climate change was real. In 2007, he was one of the reviewers for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for the polar chapter. In May 2021 he became the Yukon’s Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources.
Now he’s in a position to do something about it.
“What the 2021 IPCC report is good for, is that it helps to reinforce that this stuff is unequivocal,” Streicker says.
The Intergovernmental Panel has had the herculean task to convince the world that climate change was man-made and could be solved with a move to a new energy economy.
“It’s that they’ve had to fight this crazy fight around denialism, which is not over. The U.S. is not over; but in Canada, it’s mostly done.”
Streicker cautions, that even though much of scientific debate is quieted, the challenges carry forward.
“It is not just the warming that is concerning – it’s the rate at which we are warming.”
He uses a teacher’s example. “Yes, a meteor strikes the earth, and it cools the planet very quickly because it puts up so much dust into the atmosphere. Yes, that’s faster. But other than that, this is the fastest that we know in the geologic record.”
Streicker makes the point that what is happening in the Yukon right now, like the record snowfalls, and flooding and the fires in British Columbia are not included in the report, because the science in the report is already two years old.
“But we do know is that what is happening now will be more frequent and more severe in the future. It’s off the charts, literally.”
It took a long time to get the climate moving. It takes an even longer time to put the brakes on.
Streicker explains further, “What people don’t understand, even with this report, is that suppose tomorrow we dropped our emissions to zero, we would still have decades of temperature rise, we would still have centuries to millennia of changes to our oceans.”
But this is not a reason to do nothing; it only adds to the urgency. As he says, “it should just motivate us to get more proactive around solutions.”
And for that, he points to the Yukon’s climate change document, Our Clean Future.
Streicker says there are several reasons why the Yukon’s prioritization of climate change actions needs to differ slightly from southern jurisdictions. One is the extreme seasonality of renewable energies, another is the predominance of transportation as a contributor to emissions.
For example, over half of Yukon’s emissions are attributed to transportation, whereas in southern Canada transportation only accounts for 25 per cent. Also, that data does not account for the whole picture – emissions are only tabulated from the time a truck crosses into the Yukon from British Columbia.
Both fuel and food are primarily trucked into the territory.
It is this kind of consideration that brings Streicker to his top four actions for the territory: electrification of transportation infrastructure (for everything from bikes to Zambonis to semi tractor-trailers); agriculture, as part of local food production; biomass (strategized to reducing fire risk); and retrofitting old houses and buildings.
He admits that increased production and seasonal storage of renewable energies are needed to change things up – either a new disruptive technology such as drastically improved battery life, or a project like the Moon Lake pump station as proposed in Yukon Energy’s 10-year electrical plan.
Streicker knows that the recently released IPCC report isn’t everything. There are still three more reports to come in 2022 as part of the Sixth Panel — Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability; Mitigation of Climate Change; and a final Synthesis Report.
And, he acknowledges that Indigenous ways of knowing are absent from this report, for many reasons, including the rigorous scientifically-focused review process, but Streicker hopefully suggests that the importance of Indigenous means of habitat protection and the creation of corridors and pathways may find their way into subsequent studies. Some of those are in the Yukon’s strategy.
After all these years, John Streicker, the Yukon’s minister of energy,mines and resources still retains a scientist’s faith in the science behind the problems, and an optimist’s faith in the do-ability of the Yukon’s solution sets. He just hopes that there is enough public support.
As he said, “This is a crisis. We need to think of it in that kind of framework.”
Lawrie Crawford, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, Yukon News
The Yukon might be the only jurisdiction in Canada with a climate scientist sitting in cabinet.
In the 1970s and 1980s, John Streicker committed himself to convincing others that climate change was real. In 2007, he was one of the reviewers for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for the polar chapter. In May 2021 he became the Yukon’s Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources.
Now he’s in a position to do something about it.
“What the 2021 IPCC report is good for, is that it helps to reinforce that this stuff is unequivocal,” Streicker says.
The Intergovernmental Panel has had the herculean task to convince the world that climate change was man-made and could be solved with a move to a new energy economy.
“It’s that they’ve had to fight this crazy fight around denialism, which is not over. The U.S. is not over; but in Canada, it’s mostly done.”
Streicker cautions, that even though much of scientific debate is quieted, the challenges carry forward.
“It is not just the warming that is concerning – it’s the rate at which we are warming.”
He uses a teacher’s example. “Yes, a meteor strikes the earth, and it cools the planet very quickly because it puts up so much dust into the atmosphere. Yes, that’s faster. But other than that, this is the fastest that we know in the geologic record.”
Streicker makes the point that what is happening in the Yukon right now, like the record snowfalls, and flooding and the fires in British Columbia are not included in the report, because the science in the report is already two years old.
“But we do know is that what is happening now will be more frequent and more severe in the future. It’s off the charts, literally.”
It took a long time to get the climate moving. It takes an even longer time to put the brakes on.
Streicker explains further, “What people don’t understand, even with this report, is that suppose tomorrow we dropped our emissions to zero, we would still have decades of temperature rise, we would still have centuries to millennia of changes to our oceans.”
But this is not a reason to do nothing; it only adds to the urgency. As he says, “it should just motivate us to get more proactive around solutions.”
And for that, he points to the Yukon’s climate change document, Our Clean Future.
Streicker says there are several reasons why the Yukon’s prioritization of climate change actions needs to differ slightly from southern jurisdictions. One is the extreme seasonality of renewable energies, another is the predominance of transportation as a contributor to emissions.
For example, over half of Yukon’s emissions are attributed to transportation, whereas in southern Canada transportation only accounts for 25 per cent. Also, that data does not account for the whole picture – emissions are only tabulated from the time a truck crosses into the Yukon from British Columbia.
Both fuel and food are primarily trucked into the territory.
It is this kind of consideration that brings Streicker to his top four actions for the territory: electrification of transportation infrastructure (for everything from bikes to Zambonis to semi tractor-trailers); agriculture, as part of local food production; biomass (strategized to reducing fire risk); and retrofitting old houses and buildings.
He admits that increased production and seasonal storage of renewable energies are needed to change things up – either a new disruptive technology such as drastically improved battery life, or a project like the Moon Lake pump station as proposed in Yukon Energy’s 10-year electrical plan.
Streicker knows that the recently released IPCC report isn’t everything. There are still three more reports to come in 2022 as part of the Sixth Panel — Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability; Mitigation of Climate Change; and a final Synthesis Report.
And, he acknowledges that Indigenous ways of knowing are absent from this report, for many reasons, including the rigorous scientifically-focused review process, but Streicker hopefully suggests that the importance of Indigenous means of habitat protection and the creation of corridors and pathways may find their way into subsequent studies. Some of those are in the Yukon’s strategy.
After all these years, John Streicker, the Yukon’s minister of energy,mines and resources still retains a scientist’s faith in the science behind the problems, and an optimist’s faith in the do-ability of the Yukon’s solution sets. He just hopes that there is enough public support.
As he said, “This is a crisis. We need to think of it in that kind of framework.”
Lawrie Crawford, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, Yukon News
LIVE FIRE ON PEACEFUL PROTESTERS
Israel fires on protesting Palestinians in Gaza, 24 woundedIssued on: 21/08/2021
Palestinian medics and protesters evacuate an injured man hurt in clashes with Israeli security forces on Saturday SAID KHATIB AFP
Gaza City (Palestinian Territories) (AFP)
Israeli troops fired at Palestinian protesters who hurled firebombs and burned tires from behind the Gaza Strip's border fence Saturday, with the Gaza health ministry reporting 24 injuries.
"Twenty-four civilians were injured, including 10 children," the ministry said in a statement.
"Two of the injuries are critical, one of whom is a 13-year-old boy, who was hit in the head east of Gaza City."
The Israeli army told AFP "hundreds of rioters and demonstrators" had gathered along the border fence.
"Troops are prepared in the area and are using riot dispersal means, and if necessary, .22 calibre rounds," the army said.
The Hamas Islamic movement that rules Gaza had called a protest Saturday to mark the burning 52 years ago of Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third-holiest site in Islam.
"Al-Aqsa Mosque is a red line, and any attack on it will be met with valiant resistance from our people," the movement said in a statement.
The protest came exactly three months since Israel and Hamas reached a truce following their deadliest fighting in years.
Over 11 days in May, Israel pounded Gaza with airstrikes in response to rockets fired from the enclave.
Hamas said it took action after Israeli security forces stormed Al-Aqsa.
Reconstruction in Gaza has stalled since a May 21 ceasefire, in part because of a crippling blockade Israel has maintained on the enclave since Hamas seized power in 2007.
On Thursday, Israel announced it would allow funds from Qatar to reach impoverished Palestinians in Gaza. Other restrictions remain.
In 2018, Gazans began a protest movement demanding an end to Israel's blockade and a right for Palestinians to return to lands they fled after the Jewish state was founded.
The Hamas-backed weekly demonstrations, often violent, sputtered as Israel killed some 350 Palestinians in Gaza over more than a year.
© 2021 AFP
Gaza City (Palestinian Territories) (AFP)
Israeli troops fired at Palestinian protesters who hurled firebombs and burned tires from behind the Gaza Strip's border fence Saturday, with the Gaza health ministry reporting 24 injuries.
"Twenty-four civilians were injured, including 10 children," the ministry said in a statement.
"Two of the injuries are critical, one of whom is a 13-year-old boy, who was hit in the head east of Gaza City."
The Israeli army told AFP "hundreds of rioters and demonstrators" had gathered along the border fence.
"Troops are prepared in the area and are using riot dispersal means, and if necessary, .22 calibre rounds," the army said.
The Hamas Islamic movement that rules Gaza had called a protest Saturday to mark the burning 52 years ago of Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third-holiest site in Islam.
"Al-Aqsa Mosque is a red line, and any attack on it will be met with valiant resistance from our people," the movement said in a statement.
The protest came exactly three months since Israel and Hamas reached a truce following their deadliest fighting in years.
Over 11 days in May, Israel pounded Gaza with airstrikes in response to rockets fired from the enclave.
Hamas said it took action after Israeli security forces stormed Al-Aqsa.
Reconstruction in Gaza has stalled since a May 21 ceasefire, in part because of a crippling blockade Israel has maintained on the enclave since Hamas seized power in 2007.
On Thursday, Israel announced it would allow funds from Qatar to reach impoverished Palestinians in Gaza. Other restrictions remain.
In 2018, Gazans began a protest movement demanding an end to Israel's blockade and a right for Palestinians to return to lands they fled after the Jewish state was founded.
The Hamas-backed weekly demonstrations, often violent, sputtered as Israel killed some 350 Palestinians in Gaza over more than a year.
© 2021 AFP
AFGHAN NEWS
Why Afghanistan's Panjshir remains out of Taliban's reachThe Panjshir Valley is Afghanistan's last remaining holdout where anti-Taliban forces seem to be working on forming a guerrilla movement to take on the Islamic fundamentalist group.
Most of the valley's inhabitants belong to the Tajik ethnic group, while the majority of the Taliban are Pashtuns
After the Taliban's swift seizure of power in Afghanistan, the Panjshir Valley in the north is the last place that might offer any real resistance to the Islamist extremist group.
The region, located 150 kilometers (93 miles) northeast of the capital, Kabul, now hosts some senior members of the ousted government, like the deposed Vice President Amrullah Saleh and ex-Defense Minister Bismillah Mohammadi.
Saleh has declared himself the caretaker president after ousted President Ashraf Ghani fled the country.
"I will never, ever and under no circumstances bow to the Taliban terrorists. I will never betray the soul and legacy of my hero Ahmad Shah Mas[s]oud, the commander, the legend and the guide," Saleh wrote on Twitter.
A decisive role in Afghan military history
The Panjshir Valley has repeatedly played a decisive role in Afghanistan's military history, as its geographical position almost completely closes it off from the rest of the country. The only access point to the region is through a narrow passage created by the Panjshir River, which can be easily defended militarily.
Famed for its natural defenses, the region tucked into the Hindu Kush mountains never fell to the Taliban during the civil war of the 1990s, nor was it conquered by the Soviets a decade earlier.
Most of the valley's up to 150,000 inhabitants belong to the Tajik ethnic group, while the majority of the Taliban are Pashtuns.
The valley is also known for its emeralds, which were used in the past to finance the resistance movements against those in power.
Before the Taliban seized power, the Panjshir province had repeatedly demanded more autonomy from the central government.
Long history of resistance
Panjshir Valley was among the safest regions in the country during the time of the NATO-backed government from 2001 to 2021.
This history of the valley's independence has been closely linked to Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghanistan's most famed anti-Taliban fighter, who led the strongest resistance against the Islamic fundamentalist group from his stronghold in the valley until his assassination in 2001.
10 FILMS ABOUT AFGHANISTAN
'Hava, Maryam, Ayesha' (2019)
The latest film by Afghan director Sahraa Karimi premiered at the Venice Film Festival in 2019. It portrays three women, all living in Kabul but in different social contexts, who deal in their own way with pregnancy. The filmmaker's recent open letter warning against the Taliban was sent out to the world just before Kabul was taken. She has since fled Afghanistan and is now in Kyiv.
12345678910
Born in the valley in 1953, Ahmad Shah gave himself the nom de guerre "Massoud" ("the lucky one," or "the beneficiary") in 1979. He went on to resist the communist government in Kabul and the Soviet Union at the time, eventually becoming one of the country's most influential mujahedeen commanders.
After the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in 1989, civil war broke out in Afghanistan, which the Taliban ultimately won. However, Massoud and his United Front (also known as the Northern Alliance) succeeded in controlling not only the Panjshir Valley but almost all of northeastern Afghanistan up to the border with China and Tajikistan, thus protecting the region from the Taliban.
Massoud also espoused conservative Islam but sought to build democratic institutions and personally believed that women should be given an equal place in society. His goal was a unified Afghanistan in which ethnic and religious boundaries would be less clear. However, the Human Rights Watch organization accused Massoud's troops of committing massive human rights violations in the battle for Kabul during the civil war.
In 2001, Massoud was assassinated by suspected al-Qaeda militants.
Son following in 'father's footsteps'
Now, the son of Ahmad Shah Massoud, Ahmad Massoud, says he is hoping to follow in his "father's footsteps."
Massoud, who closely resembles his father in appearance and habits, commands a militia in the valley.
He said he has been joined by former members of the country's special forces and soldiers from the Afghan army "disgusted by the surrender of their commanders."
Social media images show the ousted vice president, Saleh, meeting with Massoud, and the duo appear to be assembling the first pieces of a guerrilla movement to take on the Taliban.
Massoud also called on the United States to supply arms and ammunition to his militia.
In an op-ed published Wednesday in The Washington Post, Ahmad Massoud said "America can still be a great arsenal of democracy" by supporting his fighters.
"I write from the Panjshir Valley today, ready to follow in my father's footsteps, with mujahideen fighters who are prepared to once again take on the Taliban," he said.
Russia also emphasized on Thursday that a resistance movement was forming in the Panjshir Valley, led by Saleh and Massoud. "The Taliban doesn't control the whole territory of Afghanistan," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said.
AFGHANS TRY TO FLEE AS TALIBAN TOPPLES GOVERNMENT
Desperate Afghans try to enter Kabul airport
Afghan families have been making increasingly desperate attempts to get into Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul. Many children are among the crowds trying to make a last ditch attempt to escape the Taliban who stormed the capital city.
1234567891011121314
Taliban 'will win quickly and easily'
It is, however, not clear how strong this new anti-Taliban resistance movement is and how the new rulers in Kabul will react to it.
"If we can take the Taliban at their word, then Panjshir should be safe because the war in Afghanistan is over. The Taliban have pledged to stop using force, which suggests that they will leave areas not controlled by the Taliban alone. But we will have to wait and see," Michael Kugelman, a South Asia expert at the Washington-based Wilson Center, told DW.
He added: "But if an organized military resistance forms in the region, I don't think it's out of the question that the Taliban will go against it. And if they do, they will win quickly and easily."
This article has been translated from German.
Pakistan interest in Afghanistan to counter Indian influence: US
Report By PTI | Published: Saturday, August 21, 2021, 19:37 [IST]
Washington, Aug 21:
Pakistan's strategic security objectives in Afghanistan almost certainly continue to be countering Indian influence and mitigating spillover of the Afghan civil war into Pakistani territory, a US government report has said, citing inputs from the Defence Intelligence Agency.
"Pakistan continues to support peace talks, while maintaining ties with the Afghan Taliban," US Department of State Office of the Inspector General noted in its latest quarterly report on Afghanistan.
"According to the DIA, Pakistan's strategic security objectives in Afghanistan almost certainly continue to be countering Indian influence and mitigating spillover into the Pakistani territory," the report said. The report for the quarter April 1 to June 30 said the Pakistani government is concerned that a civil war in Afghanistan would have destabilising effects on Pakistan, including an influx of refugees and providing a potential safe haven for anti-Pakistan militants.
During the quarter, financial contributions to the Afghan Taliban increased in the Pakistan border regions, according to media reports, citing eyewitness sources. Solicitation efforts traditionally targeted mosques, but Afghan Taliban terrorists now openly visit the bazaar areas in nearby Pakistani towns, it said.
Situation at Kabul airport 'very difficult', says EU amid Taliban take over of Afghanistan
"The militants typically solicit contributions of USD 50 or more from shopkeepers. Local residents told reporters that solicitation efforts were now commonplace in the towns and cities of Quetta, Kuchlak Bypass, Pashtun Abad, Ishaq Abad, and Farooqia," it said.
According to the report, the DIA, citing media reports, said that Iran welcomes the withdrawal of US and coalition forces from Afghanistan but "almost certainly" remains concerned about the resulting instability in Afghanistan. According to the DIA, Iran will continue to pursue influence in any future Afghan government through relations with the Afghan government, the Taliban, and power brokers, but Iran opposes the reestablishment of the Taliban's Islamic Emirate, it said.
Taliban bans co-education in Afghanistan's Herat province: Report
As a resurgent Taliban continues to occupy new territory and an overtaxed Afghan National Defence Security Force is increasingly unable to provide security in certain areas, Afghan power brokers have increasingly begun raising private militias, it said, citing media reports.
"During the quarter, leaders related to the Northern Alliance spoke openly of a 'second resistance' to the Taliban, and some of the leaders began to mobilise anti-Taliban forces under their respective commands," the report said.
The Northern Alliance comprised militias of primarily Tajik, Uzbek and Hazara ethnicity, while the Taliban was largely of Pashtun ethnicity.
The period of direct conflict between Northern Alliance and the Taliban included significant violence, often targeting civilians because of their ethnicity. According to the Afghanistan Analysts Network, a resumption of conflict between the Taliban and the elements, which formerly made up the Northern Alliance, risks a recurrence of such violence.
In April, Ahmed Massoud -- a militia commander and son of the Northern Alliance's most prominent leader Ahmed Shah Massoud who was killed by al-Qaeda shortly before the attacks of September 11, 2001 -- said in a media interview that his followers were prepared for the "failure of peace".
In May, Ahmed Massoud told reporters that over 100,000 militia leaders, fighters and other stakeholders in northern Afghanistan have pledged support to his anti-Taliban movement. He said public concerns about the stagnant peace process, US withdrawal of troops and apparent Taliban gains against the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) have led to an increasing number of Afghans to take up arms and organise independently, the report noted.
Read more at: https://www.oneindia.com/international/pakistan-interest-in-afghanistan-to-counter-indian-influence-us-report-3301950.html
Who's who in the Taliban leadership
Issued on: 21/08/2021 - 
The Taliban's senior leaders are gathering for talks on forming a new government after taking over Afghanistan - AFP/File
Kabul (AFP)
The Taliban's senior officials were gathering in the Afghan capital Saturday for talks with elders and politicians on forming a government after their stunning sweep to power last weekend.
The inner workings and leadership of the group have long been shrouded in secrecy -- even during their rule from 1996 to 2001 -- but here is a rundown of what is known:
- Haibatullah Akhundzada, the supreme leader -
Haibatullah Akhundzada was appointed leader of the Taliban in a swift power transition after a US drone strike killed his predecessor, Mullah Mansour Akhtar, in 2016.
Before ascending the movement's ranks, Akhundzada was a low-profile religious figure. He is widely believed to have been selected to serve more as a spiritual figurehead than a military commander.
Kabul (AFP)
The Taliban's senior officials were gathering in the Afghan capital Saturday for talks with elders and politicians on forming a government after their stunning sweep to power last weekend.
The inner workings and leadership of the group have long been shrouded in secrecy -- even during their rule from 1996 to 2001 -- but here is a rundown of what is known:
- Haibatullah Akhundzada, the supreme leader -
Haibatullah Akhundzada was appointed leader of the Taliban in a swift power transition after a US drone strike killed his predecessor, Mullah Mansour Akhtar, in 2016.
Before ascending the movement's ranks, Akhundzada was a low-profile religious figure. He is widely believed to have been selected to serve more as a spiritual figurehead than a military commander.
A Taliban handout photo from 2016 of Haibatullah Akhundzada
STR Afghan Taliban/AFP
After being appointed leader, Akhundzada secured a pledge of loyalty from Al-Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri, who showered the cleric with praise -- calling him "the emir of the faithful".
This helped seal his jihadi credentials with the group's long-time allies.
Akhundzada was tasked with the enormous challenge of unifying a militant movement that briefly fractured during the bitter power struggle after Akhtar's assassination, and the revelation that the leadership had hidden the death of Taliban founder Mullah Omar for years.
His public profile has largely been limited to the release of messages during Islamic holidays.
- Mullah Baradar, the co-founder -
Abdul Ghani Baradar was raised in Kandahar -- the birthplace of the Taliban movement.
Like most Afghans, Baradar's life was forever altered by the Soviet invasion of the country in the late 1970s, transforming him into an insurgent.
After being appointed leader, Akhundzada secured a pledge of loyalty from Al-Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri, who showered the cleric with praise -- calling him "the emir of the faithful".
This helped seal his jihadi credentials with the group's long-time allies.
Akhundzada was tasked with the enormous challenge of unifying a militant movement that briefly fractured during the bitter power struggle after Akhtar's assassination, and the revelation that the leadership had hidden the death of Taliban founder Mullah Omar for years.
His public profile has largely been limited to the release of messages during Islamic holidays.
- Mullah Baradar, the co-founder -
Abdul Ghani Baradar was raised in Kandahar -- the birthplace of the Taliban movement.
Like most Afghans, Baradar's life was forever altered by the Soviet invasion of the country in the late 1970s, transforming him into an insurgent.
Arrested in Pakistan in 2010, Baradar was kept in custody until pressure from the United States saw him freed in 2018 and relocated to Qatar
KARIM JAAFAR AFP
He was believed to have fought side-by-side with the one-eyed cleric Mullah Omar.
The two would go on to found the Taliban movement in the early 1990s during the chaos and corruption of the civil war that followed the Soviet withdrawal.
After the Taliban regime was toppled in 2001 by US-led forces, Baradar is believed to have been among a small group of insurgents who approached interim leader Hamid Karzai with a potential deal that would have seen the militants recognise the new administration.
Arrested in Pakistan in 2010, Baradar was kept in custody until pressure from the United States saw him freed in 2018 and relocated to Qatar.
This is where he was appointed head of the Taliban's political office and oversaw the signing of the troop withdrawal agreement with the United States.
- Sirajuddin Haqqani, the Haqqani Network -
The son of a famed commander from the anti-Soviet jihad, Sirajuddin Haqqani doubles as the deputy leader of the Taliban and head of the powerful Haqqani network.
The Haqqani network is a US-designated terror group long viewed as one of the most dangerous militant factions in Afghanistan.
The group is infamous for its use of suicide bombers and is believed to have orchestrated some of the most high-profile attacks in Kabul over the years.
The network is also accused of assassinating top Afghan officials and holding kidnapped Western citizens for ransom -- including US soldier Bowe Bergdahl, released in 2014.
Known for their independence, fighting acumen, and savvy business dealings, the Haqqanis operate from the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, while holding considerable sway over the Taliban's leadership council.
- Mullah Yaqoob, the scion -
The son of Taliban co-founder Mullah Omar, Mullah Yaqoob heads the group's powerful military commission, which oversaw the vast network of field commanders charged with executing the insurgency.
Yaqoob's father enjoyed cult-like status as the Taliban leader, and that potent lineage makes him a unifying figure in the movement.
Speculation remains, however, about Yaqoob's exact role -- with some analysts arguing that his appointment in 2020 was merely cosmetic.
© 2021 AFP
He was believed to have fought side-by-side with the one-eyed cleric Mullah Omar.
The two would go on to found the Taliban movement in the early 1990s during the chaos and corruption of the civil war that followed the Soviet withdrawal.
After the Taliban regime was toppled in 2001 by US-led forces, Baradar is believed to have been among a small group of insurgents who approached interim leader Hamid Karzai with a potential deal that would have seen the militants recognise the new administration.
Arrested in Pakistan in 2010, Baradar was kept in custody until pressure from the United States saw him freed in 2018 and relocated to Qatar.
This is where he was appointed head of the Taliban's political office and oversaw the signing of the troop withdrawal agreement with the United States.
- Sirajuddin Haqqani, the Haqqani Network -
The son of a famed commander from the anti-Soviet jihad, Sirajuddin Haqqani doubles as the deputy leader of the Taliban and head of the powerful Haqqani network.
The Haqqani network is a US-designated terror group long viewed as one of the most dangerous militant factions in Afghanistan.
The group is infamous for its use of suicide bombers and is believed to have orchestrated some of the most high-profile attacks in Kabul over the years.
The network is also accused of assassinating top Afghan officials and holding kidnapped Western citizens for ransom -- including US soldier Bowe Bergdahl, released in 2014.
Known for their independence, fighting acumen, and savvy business dealings, the Haqqanis operate from the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, while holding considerable sway over the Taliban's leadership council.
- Mullah Yaqoob, the scion -
The son of Taliban co-founder Mullah Omar, Mullah Yaqoob heads the group's powerful military commission, which oversaw the vast network of field commanders charged with executing the insurgency.
Yaqoob's father enjoyed cult-like status as the Taliban leader, and that potent lineage makes him a unifying figure in the movement.
Speculation remains, however, about Yaqoob's exact role -- with some analysts arguing that his appointment in 2020 was merely cosmetic.
© 2021 AFP
The Haqqani network: Afghanistan's most feared militants
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
Angelina Jolie attends the Go Behind the Scenes with the Walt Disney Studios press line at the 2019 D23 Expo on Saturday, Aug. 24, 2019, in Anaheim, Calif. (AP)
Marco Ferrari, Al Arabiya English
Published: 21 August ,2021:
Hollywood star Angelina Jolie joined Instagram on Friday and posted a letter apparently written by an Afghan girl fearing Taliban rule.
The Lara Croft: Tomb Raider leading lady-turned-humanitarian garnered more than 5.1 million followers in less than 24 hours after joining the social media platform.
Jolie claimed in the post that Afghans are losing their ability to communicate on social media and express themselves freely, which is why she joined Instagram “to share their stories and the voices of those across the globe who are fighting for their basic human rights.”
NBC News reported that Afghans are deleting photos from their phones and social media accounts that might link them to westerners for fear of Taliban reprisals.
“It is sickening to watch Afghans being displaced yet again out of the fear and uncertainty that has gripped their country,” Jolie wrote.
The letter posted by Jolie describes a young girl’s fear about the Taliban returning to power and preventing young women and girls from attaining education and exercising their rights.
The Taliban in their 1996-2001 rule prevented girls from going to school and women from leaving their homes without wearing a full covering.
In their return to power, the group has so far taken a softer tone, promising to allow education for women, however, experts and activists remain vigilant as to what is yet to come.
Angelina Jolie joins Instagram to share letter from Afghan teen ‘fighting for their basic human rights’
The Academy Award-winning actress referred to President Biden's withdrawal of U.S. troops as a 'sickening' failure
By Julius Young | Fox News
Angelina Jolie finally joined Instagram in an official capacity – and is using her enormous reach to share the voices of those who are facing the crisis in Afghanistan head-on.
In the "Maleficent" star's first-ever post to the popular platform, Jolie shared a letter she said she received from a teenage girl in Afghanistan.
"Right now, the people of Afghanistan are losing their ability to communicate on social media and to express themselves freely," Jolie, who already has more than 3 million followers, captioned the post. "So I’ve come on Instagram to share their stories and the voices of those across the globe who are fighting for their basic human rights."
Jolie said she was on the border of Afghanistan two weeks before the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks and during her time abroad, she met Afghan refugees who had fled the Taliban nearly 20 years ago.
"It is sickening to watch Afghans being displaced yet again out of the fear and uncertainty that has gripped their country," she wrote. "To spend so much time and money, to have blood shed and lives lost only to come to this, is a failure almost impossible to understand."
"To spend so much time and money, to have blood shed and lives lost only to come to this, is a failure almost impossible to understand."— Angelina Jolie
The "Eternals" actress continued: "Watching for decades how Afghan refugees — some of the most capable people in the world — are treated like a burden is also sickening. Knowing that if they had the tools and respect, how much they would do for themselves.
"And meeting so many women and girls who not only wanted an education, but fought for it. Like others who are committed, I will not turn away. I will continue to look for ways to help. And I hope you’ll join me."
Jolie also echoed similar sentiments in an op-ed she penned for Time magazine on Friday, writing, "whatever your views on the war in Afghanistan, we probably agree on one thing: it should not have ended this way."
"Whatever your views on the war in Afghanistan, we probably agree on one thing: it should not have ended this way."— Angelina Jolie
The Taliban seized power two weeks before the U.S. was set to complete its troop withdrawal following a costly two-decade war.
In her statement, Jolie called the manner in which the U.S. appeared to "cut and run" while "abandoning our allies and supporters in the most chaotic way imaginable, after so many years of effort and sacrifice" a "betrayal and a failure impossible to fully understand."
Academy Award-winning actress Angelina Jolie hinted that she was open to making a splash in the political realm. (Associated Press)
"I think of injured American servicemen and women I met at Ramstein Air Base—some who’d lost limbs fighting the Taliban— who told me how proud they felt to be a part of helping the Afghan people gain basic rights and freedoms," she wrote before turning her pen to "every Afghan girl who picked up her bookbag and went to school in the last twenty years even though she risked being killed for it—as so many were."
Jolie wrote that as an American she is "ashamed by the manner of our leaving."
"It diminishes us. We have lost leverage to influence what now happens in Afghanistan," she added. "We lack a strategy to monitor and support women and civil society in Afghanistan, who the Taliban have a history of targeting—banning girls from school, confining women to the home, and inflicting brutal physical punishments, including public lashing, on any woman perceived to have stepped out of line."
"We have lost leverage to influence what now happens in Afghanistan."— Angelina Jolie
Jolie’s public decree of the happenings in Afghanistan is only one of many celebrity outcries about the world-changing events.
On Tuesday, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle issued a joint statement on their Archewell website to invoke action to "alleviate suffering" and "prove our humanity" amid a myriad of global issues.
"The world is exceptionally fragile right now. As we all feel the many layers of pain due to the situation in Afghanistan, we are left speechless," the joint statement read. "When any person or community suffers, a piece of each of us does so with them, whether we realize it or not."
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
The Haqqani network was formed by Jalaluddin Haqqani (C),
who gained prominence in the 1980s as a hero of the
anti-Soviet jihad Zubair MIR AFP/File
Kabul (AFP)
Some of the Taliban's top leaders are gathering in Kabul to discuss the formation of a new Afghan government -- including a representative from the Haqqani network, the country's most feared militants.
The Haqqanis have been blamed for some of the deadliest attacks in recent years, claiming the lives of civilians, government officials and foreign forces.
Despite their reputation, they are expected to be powerful players in the new regime following the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan last week.
- Who are the Haqqanis? -
The shadowy group was formed by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who gained prominence in the 1980s as a hero of the anti-Soviet jihad. At the time, he was a valuable CIA asset as the United States and its allies such as Pakistan funnelled arms and money to the mujahideen.
During that conflict and following the Soviet withdrawal, Jalaluddin Haqqani fostered close ties with foreign jihadists -- including Osama bin Laden.
Kabul (AFP)
Some of the Taliban's top leaders are gathering in Kabul to discuss the formation of a new Afghan government -- including a representative from the Haqqani network, the country's most feared militants.
The Haqqanis have been blamed for some of the deadliest attacks in recent years, claiming the lives of civilians, government officials and foreign forces.
Despite their reputation, they are expected to be powerful players in the new regime following the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan last week.
- Who are the Haqqanis? -
The shadowy group was formed by Jalaluddin Haqqani, who gained prominence in the 1980s as a hero of the anti-Soviet jihad. At the time, he was a valuable CIA asset as the United States and its allies such as Pakistan funnelled arms and money to the mujahideen.
During that conflict and following the Soviet withdrawal, Jalaluddin Haqqani fostered close ties with foreign jihadists -- including Osama bin Laden.
The Haqqani network has been blamed for some of the deadliest attacks in Afghanistan, including the 2011 attack on the Intercontinental Hotel in Kabul
MASSOUD HOSSAINI AFP/File
He later allied with the Taliban who took over Afghanistan in 1996, serving as a minister for the Islamist regime until it was toppled by US-led forces in 2001.
Jalaluddin Haqqani's death after a long illness was announced by the Taliban in 2018, and his son Sirajuddin formally became the network's chief.
Thanks to their financial and military strength -- and a reputation for ruthlessness -- the Haqqani network is considered semi-autonomous while remaining within the Taliban fold.
Mainly based in eastern Afghanistan -- with alleged bases across the border in Pakistan's northwest -- the group became more visible in the Taliban leadership in recent years, and Sirajuddin Haqqani was appointed deputy leader in 2015.
His younger brother Anas, once imprisoned and sentenced to death by the previous Afghan government, has held talks with former president Hamid Karzai and ex-chief executive Abdullah Abdullah since the fall of Kabul last weekend.
- Why are they so widely feared? -
The Haqqani network is blamed for some of the deadliest and most shocking attacks in Afghanistan during the last two decades.
They have been designated a foreign terrorist group by the United States, and are also under United Nations sanctions.
He later allied with the Taliban who took over Afghanistan in 1996, serving as a minister for the Islamist regime until it was toppled by US-led forces in 2001.
Jalaluddin Haqqani's death after a long illness was announced by the Taliban in 2018, and his son Sirajuddin formally became the network's chief.
Thanks to their financial and military strength -- and a reputation for ruthlessness -- the Haqqani network is considered semi-autonomous while remaining within the Taliban fold.
Mainly based in eastern Afghanistan -- with alleged bases across the border in Pakistan's northwest -- the group became more visible in the Taliban leadership in recent years, and Sirajuddin Haqqani was appointed deputy leader in 2015.
His younger brother Anas, once imprisoned and sentenced to death by the previous Afghan government, has held talks with former president Hamid Karzai and ex-chief executive Abdullah Abdullah since the fall of Kabul last weekend.
- Why are they so widely feared? -
The Haqqani network is blamed for some of the deadliest and most shocking attacks in Afghanistan during the last two decades.
They have been designated a foreign terrorist group by the United States, and are also under United Nations sanctions.
The Haqqani network leader's younger brother Anas Haqqani (R) has held talks with former president Hamid Karzai after the fall of Kabul - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan/AFP/File
The Haqqanis have a reputation for frequently using suicide bombers -- including drivers in cars and trucks packed with huge amounts of explosives -- and have demonstrated the ability to carry out complex, high-casualty assaults on major targets including military installations and embassies.
In October 2013, Afghan forces intercepted a Haqqani truck in eastern Afghanistan that contained nearly 28 tonnes (61,500 pounds) of explosives, according to the US National Counterterrorism Center.
The Haqqanis have been accused of assassinations -- including an attempt against then-president Karzai in 2008 -- and kidnappings of officials and Western citizens, for ransom and forcing prisoner exchanges.
They have also long been suspected of links with the Pakistani military establishment -- US Admiral Mike Mullen described them as a "veritable arm" of Islamabad's intelligence in 2011.
Pakistan denies the allegation.
The Haqqanis have also hugely contributed to the Taliban's fighting ranks, and are the group's "most combat-ready forces", UN monitors said in a June report.
The monitors also described the network as the "primary liaison" between the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.
- What is their role in the new Taliban regime? -
The Haqqanis have emerged as serious players in the Taliban's political project with at least two of their leaders in Kabul as talks begin on forming the next government.
Sirajuddin Haqqani's formal elevation to the deputy leader position six years ago cemented that role, analysts say.
The Haqqanis have a reputation for frequently using suicide bombers -- including drivers in cars and trucks packed with huge amounts of explosives -- and have demonstrated the ability to carry out complex, high-casualty assaults on major targets including military installations and embassies.
In October 2013, Afghan forces intercepted a Haqqani truck in eastern Afghanistan that contained nearly 28 tonnes (61,500 pounds) of explosives, according to the US National Counterterrorism Center.
The Haqqanis have been accused of assassinations -- including an attempt against then-president Karzai in 2008 -- and kidnappings of officials and Western citizens, for ransom and forcing prisoner exchanges.
They have also long been suspected of links with the Pakistani military establishment -- US Admiral Mike Mullen described them as a "veritable arm" of Islamabad's intelligence in 2011.
Pakistan denies the allegation.
The Haqqanis have also hugely contributed to the Taliban's fighting ranks, and are the group's "most combat-ready forces", UN monitors said in a June report.
The monitors also described the network as the "primary liaison" between the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.
- What is their role in the new Taliban regime? -
The Haqqanis have emerged as serious players in the Taliban's political project with at least two of their leaders in Kabul as talks begin on forming the next government.
Sirajuddin Haqqani's formal elevation to the deputy leader position six years ago cemented that role, analysts say.
Jalaluddin Haqqani, once a valuable CIA asset against the Soviet Union, developed close ties with foreign Islamist militants -- including Osama bin Laden
Aamir QURESHI AFP/File
And the release of his brother Anas from Afghan custody in 2019 was seen as a move to help kickstart the direct US-Taliban talks that eventually led to the troop withdrawal.
Sirajuddin Haqqani even wrote an op-ed in The New York Times last year, outlining the Taliban's position on the US talks and the conflict in Afghanistan -- though in diplomatic tones that belied the network's violent reputation.
While Anas Haqqani has held talks with Karzai, his uncle Khalil Haqqani was seen leading prayers in Kabul on Friday.
Sirajuddin and Khalil are both still listed as wanted by the United States, with millions of dollars in bounties on offer.
© 2021 AFP
And the release of his brother Anas from Afghan custody in 2019 was seen as a move to help kickstart the direct US-Taliban talks that eventually led to the troop withdrawal.
Sirajuddin Haqqani even wrote an op-ed in The New York Times last year, outlining the Taliban's position on the US talks and the conflict in Afghanistan -- though in diplomatic tones that belied the network's violent reputation.
While Anas Haqqani has held talks with Karzai, his uncle Khalil Haqqani was seen leading prayers in Kabul on Friday.
Sirajuddin and Khalil are both still listed as wanted by the United States, with millions of dollars in bounties on offer.
© 2021 AFP
Angelina Jolie joins Instagram, dedicates first post to Afghan girl, ‘basic rights’
Angelina Jolie attends the Go Behind the Scenes with the Walt Disney Studios press line at the 2019 D23 Expo on Saturday, Aug. 24, 2019, in Anaheim, Calif. (AP)
Marco Ferrari, Al Arabiya English
Published: 21 August ,2021:
Hollywood star Angelina Jolie joined Instagram on Friday and posted a letter apparently written by an Afghan girl fearing Taliban rule.
The Lara Croft: Tomb Raider leading lady-turned-humanitarian garnered more than 5.1 million followers in less than 24 hours after joining the social media platform.
Jolie claimed in the post that Afghans are losing their ability to communicate on social media and express themselves freely, which is why she joined Instagram “to share their stories and the voices of those across the globe who are fighting for their basic human rights.”
NBC News reported that Afghans are deleting photos from their phones and social media accounts that might link them to westerners for fear of Taliban reprisals.
“It is sickening to watch Afghans being displaced yet again out of the fear and uncertainty that has gripped their country,” Jolie wrote.
The letter posted by Jolie describes a young girl’s fear about the Taliban returning to power and preventing young women and girls from attaining education and exercising their rights.
The Taliban in their 1996-2001 rule prevented girls from going to school and women from leaving their homes without wearing a full covering.
In their return to power, the group has so far taken a softer tone, promising to allow education for women, however, experts and activists remain vigilant as to what is yet to come.
The Academy Award-winning actress referred to President Biden's withdrawal of U.S. troops as a 'sickening' failure
By Julius Young | Fox News
Angelina Jolie finally joined Instagram in an official capacity – and is using her enormous reach to share the voices of those who are facing the crisis in Afghanistan head-on.
In the "Maleficent" star's first-ever post to the popular platform, Jolie shared a letter she said she received from a teenage girl in Afghanistan.
"Right now, the people of Afghanistan are losing their ability to communicate on social media and to express themselves freely," Jolie, who already has more than 3 million followers, captioned the post. "So I’ve come on Instagram to share their stories and the voices of those across the globe who are fighting for their basic human rights."
Jolie said she was on the border of Afghanistan two weeks before the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks and during her time abroad, she met Afghan refugees who had fled the Taliban nearly 20 years ago.
"It is sickening to watch Afghans being displaced yet again out of the fear and uncertainty that has gripped their country," she wrote. "To spend so much time and money, to have blood shed and lives lost only to come to this, is a failure almost impossible to understand."
"To spend so much time and money, to have blood shed and lives lost only to come to this, is a failure almost impossible to understand."— Angelina Jolie
The "Eternals" actress continued: "Watching for decades how Afghan refugees — some of the most capable people in the world — are treated like a burden is also sickening. Knowing that if they had the tools and respect, how much they would do for themselves.
"And meeting so many women and girls who not only wanted an education, but fought for it. Like others who are committed, I will not turn away. I will continue to look for ways to help. And I hope you’ll join me."
Jolie also echoed similar sentiments in an op-ed she penned for Time magazine on Friday, writing, "whatever your views on the war in Afghanistan, we probably agree on one thing: it should not have ended this way."
"Whatever your views on the war in Afghanistan, we probably agree on one thing: it should not have ended this way."— Angelina Jolie
The Taliban seized power two weeks before the U.S. was set to complete its troop withdrawal following a costly two-decade war.
In her statement, Jolie called the manner in which the U.S. appeared to "cut and run" while "abandoning our allies and supporters in the most chaotic way imaginable, after so many years of effort and sacrifice" a "betrayal and a failure impossible to fully understand."
Academy Award-winning actress Angelina Jolie hinted that she was open to making a splash in the political realm. (Associated Press)
"I think of injured American servicemen and women I met at Ramstein Air Base—some who’d lost limbs fighting the Taliban— who told me how proud they felt to be a part of helping the Afghan people gain basic rights and freedoms," she wrote before turning her pen to "every Afghan girl who picked up her bookbag and went to school in the last twenty years even though she risked being killed for it—as so many were."
Jolie wrote that as an American she is "ashamed by the manner of our leaving."
"It diminishes us. We have lost leverage to influence what now happens in Afghanistan," she added. "We lack a strategy to monitor and support women and civil society in Afghanistan, who the Taliban have a history of targeting—banning girls from school, confining women to the home, and inflicting brutal physical punishments, including public lashing, on any woman perceived to have stepped out of line."
"We have lost leverage to influence what now happens in Afghanistan."— Angelina Jolie
Jolie’s public decree of the happenings in Afghanistan is only one of many celebrity outcries about the world-changing events.
On Tuesday, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle issued a joint statement on their Archewell website to invoke action to "alleviate suffering" and "prove our humanity" amid a myriad of global issues.
"The world is exceptionally fragile right now. As we all feel the many layers of pain due to the situation in Afghanistan, we are left speechless," the joint statement read. "When any person or community suffers, a piece of each of us does so with them, whether we realize it or not."
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Afghanistan between defiance and despair
After the Taliban takeover, people in Afghanistan are still trying to leave the country in droves. But there's resistance, too: Many Afghans have taken to the streets to protest against the militant Islamist group.
Independence Day protests
After the initial shock, people across Afghanistan have started going out into the streets to protest against the Taliban regime. On Thursday, Afghanistan's Independence Day, Afghans in Kabul and eastern Afghanistan celebrated the end of British rule 102 years ago ― and showed defiance in the face of the Taliban's return to power by holding up Afghanistan's national flag.
After the Taliban takeover, people in Afghanistan are still trying to leave the country in droves. But there's resistance, too: Many Afghans have taken to the streets to protest against the militant Islamist group.
Independence Day protests
After the initial shock, people across Afghanistan have started going out into the streets to protest against the Taliban regime. On Thursday, Afghanistan's Independence Day, Afghans in Kabul and eastern Afghanistan celebrated the end of British rule 102 years ago ― and showed defiance in the face of the Taliban's return to power by holding up Afghanistan's national flag.
Desperation deepens as Afghan evacuations falter
Issued on: 21/08/2021
Issued on: 21/08/2021
Joe Biden says he cannot predict the outcome of the Kabul airlift operation
Nicholas GUEVARA US MARINE CORPS/AFP
Kabul (AFP)
Desperation deepened around Kabul's airport on Saturday with evacuation operations in chaos and US President Joe Biden warning he could not predict the outcome of one of the "most difficult airlifts in history".
Six days after the Taliban took back power in Afghanistan, the flow of people trying to flee their feared hardline Islamist rule continued to overwhelm the international community.
Traffic, people and checkpoints choked roads to the airport, while families hoping for a miracle escape crowded between the barbed-wire surrounds of an unofficial no-man's land separating the Taliban from US-troops and remnants of an Afghan special forces brigade helping them.
Video of a US soldier lifting a baby over a wall at Kabul's airport offered the latest tragic imagery of the utter despair, following horror footage of people hanging onto the outside of departing planes.
"Please, please, please help me... where should I go, what should I do," one man, who said he worked for the US embassy in the mid-2000s, wrote on a WhatsApp group set up for people to share information on how to get out.
"I have tried to get there (to the airport) for some days, but I cannot reach. Please save me."
Thousands of US soldiers are at the airport trying to shepherd foreigners and Afghans onto flights, but President Joe Biden admitted the troops' presence offered no guarantees of safe passage.
Kabul (AFP)
Desperation deepened around Kabul's airport on Saturday with evacuation operations in chaos and US President Joe Biden warning he could not predict the outcome of one of the "most difficult airlifts in history".
Six days after the Taliban took back power in Afghanistan, the flow of people trying to flee their feared hardline Islamist rule continued to overwhelm the international community.
Traffic, people and checkpoints choked roads to the airport, while families hoping for a miracle escape crowded between the barbed-wire surrounds of an unofficial no-man's land separating the Taliban from US-troops and remnants of an Afghan special forces brigade helping them.
Video of a US soldier lifting a baby over a wall at Kabul's airport offered the latest tragic imagery of the utter despair, following horror footage of people hanging onto the outside of departing planes.
"Please, please, please help me... where should I go, what should I do," one man, who said he worked for the US embassy in the mid-2000s, wrote on a WhatsApp group set up for people to share information on how to get out.
"I have tried to get there (to the airport) for some days, but I cannot reach. Please save me."
Thousands of US soldiers are at the airport trying to shepherd foreigners and Afghans onto flights, but President Joe Biden admitted the troops' presence offered no guarantees of safe passage.
A US soldier shoots in the air with his pistol while standing guard behind barbed wire as Afghans sit on a roadside near the military part of the airport in Kabul
Wakil KOHSAR AFP
"This is one of the largest, most difficult airlifts in history," Biden said in a televised address.
"I cannot promise what the final outcome will be."
- Evacuation deadline -
US military helicopters were deployed to rescue more than 150 Americans unable to reach the airport on Friday morning, an official in Washington said.
It was the first report of US forces going beyond the airport to help people seeking evacuation.
A German civilian was also shot and wounded on his way to the airport, a government spokeswoman in Berlin said on Friday.
Biden had set a deadline of August 31 to completely withdraw all troops from Afghanistan, but he flagged this could be extended to continue the airlifts.
"We're going to make that judgment as we go," he said.
About 13,000 people have left on American military aircraft, the White House said. Thousands of others have fled on other foreign military flights.
- US diminished -
The crisis has cast another shadow over the United States' status as a global superpower and its ability to help allies around the world.
The Taliban swept into the capital last week, ending two decades of war, after Biden pulled nearly all US troops out of the country.
"This is one of the largest, most difficult airlifts in history," Biden said in a televised address.
"I cannot promise what the final outcome will be."
- Evacuation deadline -
US military helicopters were deployed to rescue more than 150 Americans unable to reach the airport on Friday morning, an official in Washington said.
It was the first report of US forces going beyond the airport to help people seeking evacuation.
A German civilian was also shot and wounded on his way to the airport, a government spokeswoman in Berlin said on Friday.
Biden had set a deadline of August 31 to completely withdraw all troops from Afghanistan, but he flagged this could be extended to continue the airlifts.
"We're going to make that judgment as we go," he said.
About 13,000 people have left on American military aircraft, the White House said. Thousands of others have fled on other foreign military flights.
- US diminished -
The crisis has cast another shadow over the United States' status as a global superpower and its ability to help allies around the world.
The Taliban swept into the capital last week, ending two decades of war, after Biden pulled nearly all US troops out of the country.
Kabul, Afghanistan AFP
Biden and other US allies admitted they were surprised at how quickly the Taliban were able to rout government forces, who mostly surrendered.
The Taliban have promised a "positively different" form of rule from their 1996-2001 stint in power, which was infamous for an ultra-fundamentalist interpretation of Sharia law.
Women were excluded from public life, girls banned from school and people stoned to death for adultery.
They have also vowed not to seek revenge against their opponents, promising a general amnesty for anyone who worked with the US-backed government.
But an intelligence document for the United Nations said militants were going door-to-door hunting down former government officials and those who worked with US and NATO forces.
According to the confidential document by the UN's threat assessment consultants seen by AFP, militants were also screening people on the way to Kabul airport.
Biden and other US allies admitted they were surprised at how quickly the Taliban were able to rout government forces, who mostly surrendered.
The Taliban have promised a "positively different" form of rule from their 1996-2001 stint in power, which was infamous for an ultra-fundamentalist interpretation of Sharia law.
Women were excluded from public life, girls banned from school and people stoned to death for adultery.
They have also vowed not to seek revenge against their opponents, promising a general amnesty for anyone who worked with the US-backed government.
But an intelligence document for the United Nations said militants were going door-to-door hunting down former government officials and those who worked with US and NATO forces.
According to the confidential document by the UN's threat assessment consultants seen by AFP, militants were also screening people on the way to Kabul airport.
An imam speaks next to an armed Taliban fighter during Friday prayers at the Abdul Rahman Mosque in Kabul
Hoshang Hashimi AFP
The German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle reported that the Taliban had shot dead the relative of one of its journalists while searching for the editor.
- Collective pride -
At the first Friday prayers since the Taliban's return to power, imams and guest speakers celebrated the defeat of the United States.
At one mosque in Kabul, gunmen flanked a scholar as he delivered a fiery speech in which he recounted how Afghans had beaten the British Empire, the Soviet Union and now the United States on the battlefield.
"Afghans have once again shown collective pride," he said.
"Those with weak faith are running after or hanging from American planes," he said.
"They should stay and build their country."
© 2021 AFP
The German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle reported that the Taliban had shot dead the relative of one of its journalists while searching for the editor.
- Collective pride -
At the first Friday prayers since the Taliban's return to power, imams and guest speakers celebrated the defeat of the United States.
At one mosque in Kabul, gunmen flanked a scholar as he delivered a fiery speech in which he recounted how Afghans had beaten the British Empire, the Soviet Union and now the United States on the battlefield.
"Afghans have once again shown collective pride," he said.
"Those with weak faith are running after or hanging from American planes," he said.
"They should stay and build their country."
© 2021 AFP
Opinion: Germany has failed in Afghanistan
The German government is facing the shambles of its Afghanistan policy. But even after the Taliban's triumph, it is being slow to assume any sort of responsibility. That's shameful, writes Marcel Fürstenau.
The German government misjudged the situation in Afghanistan. The German banner reads: 'Blood on your hands'
"Get out of Afghanistan!" This has been a demand by Germany's Left party for 20 years — since 2001, when Germany's military mission within the framework of the NATO-led ISAF operation began.
Was this just an easy and cheap demand to make because the opposition party never had to assume the responsibilities of government, and with them the responsibility for combat missions of the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr? The answer is: yes and no.
Yes, because fighting the Taliban and their terrorism was — at least at the beginning of the millennium — linked to a justified hope for progress and democracy benefiting the people in Afghanistan.
And no, because it became obvious rather quickly that this fight could not be won, in view of the fact that one Afghan government after another failed to get a grip on the basic problem of corruption — quite possibly because none of them wanted to.
The West never made a serious effort to change that, and, what is more — as happens so often during military operations — it did not give enough consideration to the culture and history of the country that it set out to pacify.
Unused room for maneuver
"Get out of Afghanistan!" This seemingly trite slogan employed by the political lightweight that is Germany's Left party was, in fact, part of the German government's deliberations for many years as well. The question was simply: when? Of course, those who were responsible — above all, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has the power to set policy guidelines — knew that the answer to this would be provided by Washington.
DW correspondent Marcel Fürstenau
The US had always set the pace during this campaign, which was a complete failure in both the military and humanitarian sense. And it also did so recently when "Get out of Afghanistan!" all of a sudden became the order of the day.
Even so, the German government did have some margin for maneuver — more so in the civilian than in the military area. For Germany, and Germany alone, is responsible for the current small-minded, bureaucratic treatment of its own locally hired personnel and their families.
Plan B missing
It is appalling and a shame for this German government that many of these people were not flown out of Afghanistan in time. In June, Germany's Foreign Minister Heiko Maas still ruled out a quick Taliban victory. When that very scenario became reality, he put the blame on Germany's Federal Intelligence Service (BND). Criticism of the service's wrong assessment of the situation may be justified — however, there is much more to the matter.
Any farsighted policy must be prepared for every conceivable scenario. There should have been a Plan B ready — a plan for a quick evacuation of the German Embassy in Kabul and of the many Afghans upon whose support — often at risk of their lives — the German armed forces particularly relied during their disastrous and failed mission. The political coordination needed to handle the situation in Afghanistan was lacking in the hour of military defeat and during the weeks preceding it: The Foreign Ministry, the Defense and Interior Ministries and the Economy Ministry lacked a joint strategy.
Merkel has some explaining to do
The main responsibility for this lies with the chancellor's office, where all the threads come together. This is where key decisions are made during weekly Cabinet meetings. This is the place to which the BND, responsible for gathering intelligence abroad, is answerable and where a secret services coordinator is present.
In short, Angela Merkel now has some explaining to do. For her, as well as for all other people in Germany, all that remains is the hope that the ongoing evacuations of Germans and Afghans, which started much too late, will be successful.
It is still possible to save many lives. To achieve this, no price can be too high, financially or politically. There is one thing, however, that this German government is unlikely to accomplish in the wake of this disaster: win back the trust in it that has been lost in both Germany and Afghanistan.
This article was translated from German.
The enraging historical revisionism of America's Afghan war cheerleaders
The neoconservatives who launched the war in Afghanistan would very much like you to know the war’s ignominious ending is someone else's fault.
© Provided by NBC News
Max Berger
In The Atlantic, Tom Nichols wrote a piece titled, “Afghanistan Is Your Fault,” saying the loss of the war should be blamed on American voters. Former Bush administration speechwriter David Frum said we could have won the war in Afghanistan with this one little trick (namely killing Osama bin Laden in December 2001 instead of May 2011). Eliot A. Cohen — a founder of the infamous neoconservative group Project for the New American Century — said now was a time for “for meticulous soul-searching” that is “without recrimination.”
But very few people in American history are as due for recriminations as the neoconservative cabal in then-President George W. Bush's administration who drove us heedlessly into decadeslong conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Sober analysts at the time made clear that remaking Iraq and the “graveyard of empires” into Western-friendly, capitalist, liberal democracies was a fool’s errand.
As we evaluate the failures of those efforts today, we must recognize the problem was not in the execution of the wars, or the withdrawals, but in the very idea of committing American lives and wealth to forcibly “rebuilding” nations across the globe to fit neoconservatives' vision of society. Their hubris and greed cost us trillions of dollars and thousands of lives — and did more to diminish American power than our stated adversaries ever could.
While neoconservatives claim to be motivated by a commitment to promoting liberal democracy abroad, their push for war and empire was justified through lies and deception. And that played a huge part in undermining the stability of liberal democracy here at home.
There is a direct line from the loss of trust in government caused by the Bush administration’s lies about weapons of mass destruction to Donald Trump’s claim as a presidential candidate that “I alone can fix it.” The hatred and fear mobilized to justify the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan seamlessly flowed from the Bush era into the tea party and then the white nationalist movement that Trump surfed to the White House. Most importantly, the trillions spent on weapons used to bring foreign populations to heel was money that was not allocated instead to pay for desperately needed health care, education or infrastructure here at home.
The catastrophic wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have done as much to enrich the CEOs and large shareholders of Raytheon and Northrop Grumman as they have to destroy the trust and well-being of working class Americans. At least $800 billion in direct war-fighting costs and $2.26 trillion overall has been spent on the war in Afghanistan. But “because of heavy reliance on a complex ecosystem of defense contractors, Washington banditry, and aid contractors, between 80 and 90 percent of outlays actually returned to the U.S. economy,” a Foreign Policy analysis noted. Since the war began in 2001, the value of defense companies has exploded.
While it’s important to recognize neoconservatives are directly responsible for the failures of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, America’s imperial overreach was brought to you by a bipartisan consensus of political, media and corporate elites. In the aftermath of the Biden administration’s decision to withdraw from Afghanistan, a chorus of commentators and journalists proclaimed the “disastrous” decision to withdraw “could cost Biden dearly.” The Republican National Committee is tweeting out clips of Jake Tapper saying, “It seems shocking that President Biden could’ve been so wrong.”
The unsavory cheerleading of the imperial project by many mainstream journalists is a reminder of the wholesale collaboration of the corporate media and leadership of both major parties in selling the Iraq and Afghanistan wars to the American people. The re-emergence of Bush administration figures like former senior adviser Karl Rove and national security adviser John Bolton — two men who, due to their positions, are directly responsible for launching these disastrous wars — as cable news experts is further evidence that no one has been held responsible for the world-historic failures in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Republicans, and too many journalists, have criticized President Joe Biden for the necessary, but disorderly and messy, withdrawal from Afghanistan; a fairer account would hold then-Sen. Joe Biden to be minorly responsible for voting for both wars. But to criticize him for his votes in favor of the authorization for use of military force in 2001 and 2002 would also implicate all of the many others in politics and media who led us into these quagmires in the first place.
As we seek to assign blame for the heart-wrenching images we see in Kabul, Afghanistan, today, we must remember that the Taliban could not have come to power if not for our government’s efforts to keep socialism out of Afghanistan and Pakistan — without regard for the wishes of the people of those nations, or ours.
In neighboring Pakistan, the United States applied pressure on socialist Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan. After Bhutto refused, the United States turned a blind eye during a coup by a brutal, pro-business military dictator who was trained at a U.S. military base in Kansas. In Afghanistan, Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan armed the mujahideen to overthrow a secular, socialist government that supported women’s rights but was aligned with the Soviet Union. We are still living with the consequences of those unwise and antidemocratic actions — as are tens of millions of Pakistanis and Afghans.
The pursuit of American global military hegemony has always done more to line the pockets of the wealthy than add to the well-being of the average voter. Today, the disconnect between the elite consensus in favor of continuing American military hegemony and the popular revulsion to squandering lives and resources in pursuit of defense-contractor profits is becoming more stark.
Populists on the right and the left have emerged to challenge the foreign policy establishment consensus that commits working- and middle-class people to risk their lives for unnecessary and unjust wars. The images coming out of Kabul this week will only add to the appeal of politicians calling for an end to the empire and a shift of resources toward rebuilding America.
This is a good thing. The neoconservatives and the media that coddles them may have learned nothing from the failures that led to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but the American people have.
In The Atlantic, Tom Nichols wrote a piece titled, “Afghanistan Is Your Fault,” saying the loss of the war should be blamed on American voters. Former Bush administration speechwriter David Frum said we could have won the war in Afghanistan with this one little trick (namely killing Osama bin Laden in December 2001 instead of May 2011). Eliot A. Cohen — a founder of the infamous neoconservative group Project for the New American Century — said now was a time for “for meticulous soul-searching” that is “without recrimination.”
But very few people in American history are as due for recriminations as the neoconservative cabal in then-President George W. Bush's administration who drove us heedlessly into decadeslong conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Sober analysts at the time made clear that remaking Iraq and the “graveyard of empires” into Western-friendly, capitalist, liberal democracies was a fool’s errand.
As we evaluate the failures of those efforts today, we must recognize the problem was not in the execution of the wars, or the withdrawals, but in the very idea of committing American lives and wealth to forcibly “rebuilding” nations across the globe to fit neoconservatives' vision of society. Their hubris and greed cost us trillions of dollars and thousands of lives — and did more to diminish American power than our stated adversaries ever could.
While neoconservatives claim to be motivated by a commitment to promoting liberal democracy abroad, their push for war and empire was justified through lies and deception. And that played a huge part in undermining the stability of liberal democracy here at home.
There is a direct line from the loss of trust in government caused by the Bush administration’s lies about weapons of mass destruction to Donald Trump’s claim as a presidential candidate that “I alone can fix it.” The hatred and fear mobilized to justify the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan seamlessly flowed from the Bush era into the tea party and then the white nationalist movement that Trump surfed to the White House. Most importantly, the trillions spent on weapons used to bring foreign populations to heel was money that was not allocated instead to pay for desperately needed health care, education or infrastructure here at home.
The catastrophic wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have done as much to enrich the CEOs and large shareholders of Raytheon and Northrop Grumman as they have to destroy the trust and well-being of working class Americans. At least $800 billion in direct war-fighting costs and $2.26 trillion overall has been spent on the war in Afghanistan. But “because of heavy reliance on a complex ecosystem of defense contractors, Washington banditry, and aid contractors, between 80 and 90 percent of outlays actually returned to the U.S. economy,” a Foreign Policy analysis noted. Since the war began in 2001, the value of defense companies has exploded.
While it’s important to recognize neoconservatives are directly responsible for the failures of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, America’s imperial overreach was brought to you by a bipartisan consensus of political, media and corporate elites. In the aftermath of the Biden administration’s decision to withdraw from Afghanistan, a chorus of commentators and journalists proclaimed the “disastrous” decision to withdraw “could cost Biden dearly.” The Republican National Committee is tweeting out clips of Jake Tapper saying, “It seems shocking that President Biden could’ve been so wrong.”
The unsavory cheerleading of the imperial project by many mainstream journalists is a reminder of the wholesale collaboration of the corporate media and leadership of both major parties in selling the Iraq and Afghanistan wars to the American people. The re-emergence of Bush administration figures like former senior adviser Karl Rove and national security adviser John Bolton — two men who, due to their positions, are directly responsible for launching these disastrous wars — as cable news experts is further evidence that no one has been held responsible for the world-historic failures in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Republicans, and too many journalists, have criticized President Joe Biden for the necessary, but disorderly and messy, withdrawal from Afghanistan; a fairer account would hold then-Sen. Joe Biden to be minorly responsible for voting for both wars. But to criticize him for his votes in favor of the authorization for use of military force in 2001 and 2002 would also implicate all of the many others in politics and media who led us into these quagmires in the first place.
As we seek to assign blame for the heart-wrenching images we see in Kabul, Afghanistan, today, we must remember that the Taliban could not have come to power if not for our government’s efforts to keep socialism out of Afghanistan and Pakistan — without regard for the wishes of the people of those nations, or ours.
In neighboring Pakistan, the United States applied pressure on socialist Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan. After Bhutto refused, the United States turned a blind eye during a coup by a brutal, pro-business military dictator who was trained at a U.S. military base in Kansas. In Afghanistan, Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan armed the mujahideen to overthrow a secular, socialist government that supported women’s rights but was aligned with the Soviet Union. We are still living with the consequences of those unwise and antidemocratic actions — as are tens of millions of Pakistanis and Afghans.
The pursuit of American global military hegemony has always done more to line the pockets of the wealthy than add to the well-being of the average voter. Today, the disconnect between the elite consensus in favor of continuing American military hegemony and the popular revulsion to squandering lives and resources in pursuit of defense-contractor profits is becoming more stark.
Populists on the right and the left have emerged to challenge the foreign policy establishment consensus that commits working- and middle-class people to risk their lives for unnecessary and unjust wars. The images coming out of Kabul this week will only add to the appeal of politicians calling for an end to the empire and a shift of resources toward rebuilding America.
This is a good thing. The neoconservatives and the media that coddles them may have learned nothing from the failures that led to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but the American people have.
Sri Lanka bans 'drunk driving' of elephants in new protection law
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
Issued on: 21/08/2021 -
Sri Lanka has implemented a new law aimed at the protection
of elephants, which includes banning 'drunk driving' them
Lakruwan WANNIARACHCHI AFP
Colombo (AFP)
Sri Lanka will issue captive elephants with their own biometric identity cards and ban their riders from drinking on the job under a wide-ranging new animal protection law.
Many rich Sri Lankans -- including Buddhist monks -- keep elephants as pets to show off their wealth, but complaints of ill treatment and cruelty are widespread.
The new measures are aimed at protecting the animals' welfare and include strict regulations around working elephants, as well as mandating a daily two-and-a-half-hour bath for each creature.
Official records show there are about 200 domesticated elephants in the South Asian nation, with the population in the wild estimated at about 7,500.
The new law will require all owners to ensure that animals under their care have new photo identity cards with a DNA stamp.
It also brings in multiple regulations for working elephants.
Baby elephants can no longer be used for work -- even cultural pageants -- and cannot be separated from their mothers.
Logging elephants cannot be worked for more than four hours a day and night work is prohibited.
There are new restrictions on the tourism industry too -- from now on, no more than four people can ride an elephant at once, and they must sit on a well-padded saddle.
Their use in films is banned, except for government productions under strict veterinary supervision, as is allowing their riders to drink while working.
"The person who owns or has the custody of such elephants shall ensure that the mahout (rider) is not consuming any liquor or any harmful drug while employed," Wildlife Protection minister Wimalaweera Dissanayaka said in a gazette notification dated Thursday.
Owners must send their animals for a medical check-up every six months.
Those who violate the new law will have their elephant taken into state care and could face a three-year prison sentence.
Capturing wild elephants in Sri Lanka is a criminal offence punishable by death, but prosecutions are rare.
Animal rights activists as well as elephant experts have alleged that over the last 15 years, more than 40 baby elephants have been stolen from national wildlife parks.
© 2021 AFP
Colombo (AFP)
Sri Lanka will issue captive elephants with their own biometric identity cards and ban their riders from drinking on the job under a wide-ranging new animal protection law.
Many rich Sri Lankans -- including Buddhist monks -- keep elephants as pets to show off their wealth, but complaints of ill treatment and cruelty are widespread.
The new measures are aimed at protecting the animals' welfare and include strict regulations around working elephants, as well as mandating a daily two-and-a-half-hour bath for each creature.
Official records show there are about 200 domesticated elephants in the South Asian nation, with the population in the wild estimated at about 7,500.
The new law will require all owners to ensure that animals under their care have new photo identity cards with a DNA stamp.
It also brings in multiple regulations for working elephants.
Baby elephants can no longer be used for work -- even cultural pageants -- and cannot be separated from their mothers.
Logging elephants cannot be worked for more than four hours a day and night work is prohibited.
There are new restrictions on the tourism industry too -- from now on, no more than four people can ride an elephant at once, and they must sit on a well-padded saddle.
Their use in films is banned, except for government productions under strict veterinary supervision, as is allowing their riders to drink while working.
"The person who owns or has the custody of such elephants shall ensure that the mahout (rider) is not consuming any liquor or any harmful drug while employed," Wildlife Protection minister Wimalaweera Dissanayaka said in a gazette notification dated Thursday.
Owners must send their animals for a medical check-up every six months.
Those who violate the new law will have their elephant taken into state care and could face a three-year prison sentence.
Capturing wild elephants in Sri Lanka is a criminal offence punishable by death, but prosecutions are rare.
Animal rights activists as well as elephant experts have alleged that over the last 15 years, more than 40 baby elephants have been stolen from national wildlife parks.
© 2021 AFP
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)