Embodied Carbon: A Hidden Climate Challenge

The Rocky Mountain Institute issues a new report on reducing embodied carbon.

By Lloyd Alter
Published August 27, 2021

Installing reinforcing bar for concrete construction.
Joe Raedle/Getty Images

The Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) notes in a new report that "the solutions for addressing embodied carbon in buildings have not been widely studied in the United States, leaving a significant knowledge gap for engineers, architects, contractors, policymakers, and building owners." This is one of many understatements in the report, which is titled "Reducing Embodied Carbon in Buildings." Embodied carbon is pretty much ignored in North America; it is the blindspot of the building industry. This report may help change that.


"Embodied carbon" is the terrible name for the carbon emissions that I have described as "the CO2 emitted during the construction of a building, the carbon burp that comes from making the materials that go into a building, transporting them, and assembling them." A few years ago I suggested that they should be renamed "Upfront Carbon Emissions" because they are not embodied; they are in the atmosphere and they matter now when every gram of carbon counts against the carbon budget. The term has been accepted in the UK (where much of the work on Embodied Carbon is being done) and is used for all the emissions in the product stage and the construction process stage—everything up to the point where the building starts to be used.

RMI

The report demonstrates that it is surprisingly straightforward and affordable to reduce the embodied carbon of concrete construction by optimizing the concrete mix and using recycled content in reinforcing bars. It actually claims that "concrete and steel offer most significant opportunities for reduction" and that we can "reduce embodied carbon by 24% to 46% at less than 1% cost premium."


The authors of the report—Matt Jungclaus, Rebecca Esau, Victor Olgyay, and Audrey Rempher—describe the issues with structural materials like cement, "one of the largest contributors to US-borne emissions at 68.3 million metric tons (MMT) ofCO2e per year," and steel, "responsible for 104.6 MMT ofCO2 emissions annually." They are not nearly so enthusiastic about mass timber as many others are, even questioning whether it truly stores carbon, writing:

"Considering wood as a carbon-sequestering material is a point of contention among industry experts, with debate largely revolving around varying forestry and harvesting practices and their effect on emissions. Nevertheless, timber is typically seen as a lower-carbon alternative to steel and concrete when used as a structural material."


That is kind of damning with faint praise there to those of us who think that concrete and steel should be replaced with sustainably harvested mass timber as soon as possible; but that's probably a bridge too far for RMI, even in a time of climate crisis. They make mass timber sound like a bad thing, instead of the only material that even has a chance of being carbon neutral. Mass timber is not perfect, but in a report that is trying to get the construction industry to understand embodied carbon, do they have to be so ambivalent about alternatives to concrete and steel?:

"As demand grows for wood products, it will be crucial to ensure this demand is met with sustainable forestry management practices. Otherwise, the broader use of timber as a building product could result in higher carbon emissions and less ecological diversity."

Upfront emissions, UK style.
World Green Building Council

RMI takes a different approach to Upfront Carbon Emissions than is typically done in the UK or Canada: "Upfront embodied carbon includes emissions related to the extraction, transportation (from extraction site to manufacturing site), and manufacture of materials." But it does not include "emissions related to transportation to the construction site, the construction or use phases, or end-of-life considerations."

But transportation to the construction site, and the construction itself, are important parts of upfront emissions, which usually include everything up to the use phase. Later in the report, they note:

"The transportation of materials within or across geographic regions can significantly impact the embodied carbon of a product. Although the manufacturing stage typically emits the highest levels of carbon in the life cycle of a given product, transportation emissions can be substantial, particularly when a large quantity of material is transported across long distances."


But evidently, this is too hard to do. "The information is not readily available via tools such as EC3. Additionally, it requires a side calculation for each material depending on its source."

We need more than this.

It's wonderful that the RMI is addressing embodied carbon and is trying to bring a big conservative industry on board, but this report is profoundly unsatisfying and sometimes confusing. These are times when we have to get people's attention.

The report does mention in blue call-out boxes that "Initial decisions that affect the fundamental design of abuilding to reduce embodied carbon while meeting the functional requirements of the project." Yet when they do a whole section on case studies in the economics of low embodied carbon buildings, they note that "this study does not include any whole-building design strategy changes." It is evidently too hard because the EC3 tool they are using "does not have the. capability to inform whole-building design changes." But if you are doing case studies, these are fundamental. Frances Gannon of Make is quoted in our earlier post about building form:

"Key design moves at the start of the project will make the biggest difference: reusing existing buildings where possible, keeping new building forms simple and efficient, ensuring structural efficiency, keeping structural grids small and considering how the facade interacts with the frame are key contributors to the overarching principle of using less. Then as the conversation moves to materials, we’ll have the best chance of meeting ambitious embodied carbon targets."

The RMI report mentions most of these in passing in the blue boxes, but it is a huge miss not to run the numbers in the case studies after optimizing the form. The industry people might have been even more impressed by the cost savings.

More critically, the report appears to be determined to underplay the urgency, going on about how easy it is to do and won't cost all that much money. They mention the time value of carbon and refer to Architecture 2030 and don't even mention the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) until the conclusion. One gets no sense of crisis or of the importance of the issue that you see among architects and engineers in other countries, like where Steve Yates of Webb Yates Engineers says things like:

"It’s absolutely outrageous that an architect goes out and buys locally grown tomatoes at the supermarket, gets on their bike to [go to] work, and thinks they are an environmentally conscious person while designing a concrete or steel-frame building. Architects and engineers are the ones making decisions, so why don’t they engage with this?"

It seems like RMI is trying to walk a fine line, saying, "Hey, you can reduce your embodied carbon and it won't hurt, and you can do it for cheap!" instead of stating the fact that we have to radically reduce upfront carbon emissions right now. Perhaps they don't want to seem extreme and appear to rock the boat, but the boat needs to be rocked. Buried in the conclusion, the RMI does finally express some sense of urgency:

"Reducing embodied carbon is an urgent and critical issue because the trajectory of embodied carbon emissions is not currently aligned with global climate targets... It is imperative that practitioners employ the strategies and solutions available today to accelerate the adoption of low-embodied-carbon construction. These changes are necessary to deliver the unprecedented action required to meet the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement and limit global warming to 1.5°C."

But this is all too little, too late.


Read Frances Gannon of Make Architects in the UK for what her firm is doing; look at the positions of the Architects Climate Action Network. This is serious.

Keystone XL pipeline full of problems that caused large oil spills: U.S. watchdog
UCP FAILED DUE DILIGENCE WHEN INVESTING TAXPAYERS $$$$$ IN KEYSTONE
'TC Energy's record among its peers is one of the worst in terms of volume of oil spilled per mile transported,' statement says

Reuters
Doina Chiacu
Publishing date: Aug 23, 2021 • 

U.S. President Joe Biden canceled Keystone XL's permit on his first day in office on Jan. 20. PHOTO BY ANDREW BURTON/GETTY IMAGES FILES

WASHINGTON — The U.S. government watchdog found multiple problems with the construction, manufacture and design of the Keystone XL pipeline, validating President Joe Biden’s decision to revoke its permit, leaders of several House Democratic committees said on Monday.

The committee leaders requested the Government Accountability Office report in November 2019 after more than 11,000 barrels crude oil leaked from the pipeline in two releases in less than two years.

“In its thorough review of the pipeline’s history and construction, GAO found that preventable construction issues contributed to the current Keystone pipeline’s spills more frequently than the industry-wide trends,” they said in a statement.

Keystone’s four largest spills were “caused by issues related to the original design, manufacturing of the pipe, or construction of the pipeline,” the GAO report said.

Biden cancelled Keystone XL’s permit on his first day in office on Jan. 20, dealing a death blow to a long-gestating project that would have carried 830,000 barrels per day of heavy oil sands crude from Alberta to Nebraska.

“TC Energy’s record among its peers is one of the worst in terms of volume of oil spilled per mile transported,” a statement from the lawmakers said.

They included Representatives Peter DeFazio, transportation committee chairman, Frank Pallone, energy and commerce committee chair, Donald Payne, chair of a subcommittee on railroads and pipelines and Bobby Rush, chair of a subcommittee on energy. the lawmakers said.

“President Biden was clearly right to question this operator’s ability to construct a safe and resilient pipeline, and we support his decision to put Americans’ health and environment above industry interests,” they said.

© Thomson Reuters 2021

The social and environmental perils of magical thinking

We can’t just assume that the pandemic, the climate crisis, and other pressing societal issues will work out fine

By LOUISE FABIANI
PUBLISHED AUGUST 27, 2021 8:45AM (EDT

(Leonardo Carrato/Bloomberg/Getty Images)

This article originally appeared on Undark.

There has been much coverage in recent media of citizens who fail to acknowledge the existence of such global crises as Covid-19 or anthropogenic climate change. They are said to be skeptical or in denial. They refuse to participate in any solution for the simple reason that they believe them to be non-issues.

Just as dangerous to the common good is a person who fully accepts the existence of a problem, yet believes as a matter of course that everything will work out just fine. They are indulging in magical thinking — a mentality marked by excessive optimism and a dash of egocentrism. Magical thinkers are content to simply sit on the sidelines and radiate good thoughts at those doing the heavy lifting to solve the world's ills.

Both adamant deniers and cheerful magical thinkers refuse to contribute time and energy or make personal sacrifices to solve social problems. They hold society back from tackling its most pressing threats to equity, security, and even survival. They leave others to do the worry and the work. Not only is this monumentally unfair to those who shoulder the responsibility, it wastes valuable time. No local or global crisis will disappear if everyone assumes that someone else will fix it.
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It is easy to understand why magical thinking's core element, optimism, arose as a human trait, and why it persists. The alternative to belief in positive outcomes can be resignation or despair, which are both painful and limiting. It could be argued that humanity would not be where it is right now if not for legions of optimistic ancestors ignoring the local doomsayer's warnings not to cross that river or build that tower or taste that strange new berry. Whenever a bold (and perhaps foolhardy) pioneer managed to explore, engineer, or eat something new and lived to tell the tale, human culture grew in its complexity — and in its capacity for further creativity. To put it another way, had all early hominins been cautious to a fault, we may never have ventured away from out points of origin.

Yet here we are in the 21st century. Billions of human beings are benefitting from millennia of cultural innovation and more than three centuries of Enlightenment thinking, a paradigm shift that enabled great minds to tackle age-old problems such as infectious disease. But Enlightenment thinking has also caused its share of problems, such as the release of massive amounts of carbon dioxide from combustion engines and factories. It also gave rise to, or at least reinforced, a quasi-religious belief in the power of the human mind to solve almost anything with technology, given adequate time and resources. Biologist David Ehrenfeld calls this the arrogance of humanism. It provides an easy fallback for any crisis. Not to worry. Somebody will think of something.

Take the loss of global biodiversity. The denialist would say, "Environmentalists exaggerate the threat of extinction just to get attention." The optimist would say: "It sounds really bad, but nature is resilient, and ecologists are resourceful. Why, just the other day they discovered a frog they thought was extinct for decades!"

The magical thinker combines that optimism with a self-interest that can take root when a solution to a problem conflicts in some way with their identity or values, or simply takes too much effort and time. "Smartphones use rare-earth metals mined in biodiversity hotspots? Awful," the magical thinker would say. "I love gorillas. But as a busy working mom, I cannot give up my phone. Someone will find a safer source of metals before long."

This discomforting cognitive dissonance begs to be resolved. In their 2007 book, "Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me)," Elliot Aronson and Carol Tavris write, "Dissonance is bothersome under any circumstances, but it is most painful to people when an important element of their self-concept is threatened — typically when they do something that is inconsistent with their view of themselves." We can add: or when they are called upon to do something that clashes with their self-image in some way.

Given how unbearable cognitive dissonance can feel, it's hardly surprising that magical thinkers grasp at any relief available. They shut down the avenues of curiosity that could lead to deeper understanding, prematurely reassure themselves that things sound worse than they are, and place unwarranted faith in others to do any repair they acknowledge needs doing. By convincing themselves that the problem doesn't need to be fixed yet, and then only by others, they create a "Get Out of Jail Free" card for their consciences.

As we lurch further into the Anthropocene, people comfortable with change will continue to bump up against those who aren't. How can activists, policymakers, and even ordinary citizens mitigate magical thinkers' disengagement with reality and responsibility?

Shaming them does not work. Badgering them with more and more facts will only cause entrenchment, more elaborate magic. It's like Aesop's fable about the sun, the wind, and the cloaked traveler. No matter how hard the wind blew, it could not remove the man's cloak; in fact, it only succeeded in making him hold on more tightly. But when the sun beamed at him, the man took off his cloak voluntarily. The fable advises a soft sell augmented by persistence. (The sun tried to make the man change even after witnessing the wind's failure.)

To spur magical thinkers to action, I would also advise anyone in the position of educating the public about an issue to avoid automatically painting an optimistic picture of possible measures as if they are almost faits accomplis. Faced with dire scenarios such as those in the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, it is tempting to comfort people by doing such things as enumerating successful extant "green" technologies, like electric cars and solar panels, as a way of predicting the arrival of similar solutions further down the line. It is far more effective to pair cold facts with warm hope instead of palliatives. As Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci said, we need the pessimism of the intellect and the optimism of the will.

When a problem arises, denial and magical thinking both fail to get the job done. The best kind of hope we can give people hinges on a contingency, where the need for participation is understood: We can do this if we put our heads together, find workable solutions, then put them into play. It sees a light at the end of every tunnel, but knows we'll never get out of the darkness without the collective will to change.
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* * *

Louise Fabiani's science writing and critical essays have appeared previously in Undark, as well as in JSTOR Daily, Aeon, Slate, Science, New Scientist, Pacific Standard, the TLS, and elsewhere. She lives in Montreal.

This article was originally published on Undark. Read the original article.

FASCIST MAGICAL THINKING

UCP MLA suggests he wants to see 'accelerated case rate' of COVID-19

Author of the article:Jason Herring
Publishing date:Aug 28, 2021 •

Lethbridge East MLA Nathan Neudorf is seen in this file photo. Neudorf suggested he'd like to see COVID rates rise quickly and pass through the unvaccinated population, in hopes of a fast decline. 

PHOTO BY FILE

A United Conservative Party MLA is under fire after saying he’s “very hopeful” Alberta will see a rapid rise in COVID-19 spread among unvaccinated people.

Lethbridge-East MLA Nathan Neudorf suggested he wants to see Alberta’s COVID-19 fourth wave emulate events in the United Kingdom, which saw a steep rise in virus transmission at the start of the summer and continues to see high rates of spread.

“If you watch the signs around the world with this fourth wave, as it’s being called, in the U.K. we also saw a rapid rise of case numbers but then an equally rapid decline as it finished going through the unvaccinated population, it didn’t have anywhere else to go,” said Neudorf, who made the comments in a Friday interview with Bridge City News, a Lethbridge media outlet.

“So I’m very hopeful that we will see the same kind of trend, maybe a bit of an accelerated case rate, but then a very quick decline as well, allowing us to safely keep businesses open so we don’t have to add further restrictions.”

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Neudorf’s characterization of the U.K.’s fourth wave is inaccurate. The country did see a precipitous rise in cases followed by a brief rapid decline, but case counts there have been steadily increasing since the start of August.

The MLA, who is also the UCP caucus chair, also said the government would keep public-health measures at their current level and “see what happens” when schools reopen.

Alberta is in the midst of a surging fourth wave of COVID-19, having recorded more than 1,000 cases of the virus daily on the last three days for which data was available. Hospitalization rates are also rising steeply, with 336 Albertans in hospitalization with the virus, the most since early June.

The province has a high population of unvaccinated individuals, with about 1.5 million Alberta who have not had even one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. That includes about 660,000 Albertans under the age of 12, who are not yet eligible for the jab.

Neudorf’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Postmedia, nor did Alberta Health when asked whether his remarks accurately represent Alberta’s COVID-19 approach.

The remarks drew broad criticism on social media, where doctors, infectious disease experts and political opponents were among those to deride the comments as hazardous and unscientific.

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Edmonton emergency room physician Dr. Shazma Mithani said the strategy described by Neudorf is “irresponsible” and “dangerous.”

“To suggest a reasonable plan would be to allow COVID to essentially run rampant through the unvaccinated is so problematic on so many levels,” Mithani said. “Essentially reaching herd immunity and not caring about the casualties around the way is reckless.”

Mithani said she has been asking all patients she sees whether they are vaccinated against COVID-19, and if not, why. She said only a tiny minority of those who are unvaccinated say this is by choice; others are in vulnerable populations, many working multiple jobs or raising young children at home.

“A lot of these people aren’t the typical anti-vaxxer everyone finds so easy to hate. It’s much more nuanced than that,” Mithani said, arguing more vaccine outreach is needed to reach these communities.

She added Alberta’s acute-care system cannot handle a pandemic strategy where COVID-19 is allowed to spread freely among the unvaccinated, and said it’s concerning leaders like Premier Jason Kenney or Health Minister Tyler Shandro have yet to speak publicly about the fourth wave.

Both politicians, as well as chief medical officer of health Dr. Deena Hinshaw, have not spoken to media in weeks. Kenney’s office has said the premier is on vacation, but would not confirm where he went or when he would return.

In a statement Friday evening, NDP health critic David Shepherd said Shandro must address Albertans and explain whether Neudorf’s comments represent the province’s COVID-19 plan.

“The UCP caucus chair says the plan is clear: let ‘er rip,” Shepherd said.

“This government will let the Delta variant sweep through our unvaccinated population, causing more serious illness and death. No thought for the impacts on families who will suffer, on health-care workers who are still trying to recover from the last wave, on businesses trying to get back on their feet or students returning to school in just a few days.”

‘Worst drought conditions we've had since 2002’: Alberta farmers struggle to feed cattle, grow crops

Author of the article: Kellen Taniguchi
Publishing date: Aug 28, 2021 • 

Hay bales are seen in field near Highway 37 and Highway 2 north of Edmonton, on Wednesday, Aug. 25, 2021. As historic drought conditions have destroyed crop yields across the Prairies, hay prices have skyrocketed. 

Photo by Ian Kucerak PHOTO BY IAN KUCERAK /Postmedia
Article content

A summer of heat waves and little rainfall has Alberta farmers struggling to make it through the season.

Crops aren’t making enough feed for some cattle farms and Shelby Blosky, owner of Double S Ranch Cattle Co., said farmers like herself are having to buy extra hay bales at steeper prices due to limited supply.

“Typically, we pay around $50 for a round bale of hay and this year there’s prices out there upwards of $300 a bale,” said Blosky, whose farm is about 107 kilometres southwest of Edmonton near Breton. “There’s going to be a lot of farms that are just going to say they are done with it and that’s really heartbreaking to see.”

Blosky said the increased prices of hay and other crops are forcing some farmers to sell off their cattle at auctions, and it’s hard for her to see because farmers don’t farm to be rich.

“We do it because we love it. I can’t imagine family farms that have had the same cattle bloodline for 100 years and they’re being forced to sell their cows — it just makes me sick, to be honest,” said Blosky, adding she still thinks about the cows she had to sell six to seven years ago to avoid going into debt.

Melanie Wowk, chair of Alberta Beef Producers, which represents over 18,000 cattle farmers and ranchers in the province, confirmed that some farmers are being forced to sell their cows.

“We’ve definitely heard from the auction markets that cattle numbers are up,” said Wowk. “So, there’s a lot higher numbers going through right now than there typically is at this time of year.”

On July 9, Wowk said she got several calls from producers in the area who said their crops were starting to turn early due to the extreme heat and they were worried the crops would deteriorate to the point that they wouldn’t be worthwhile to turn into feed.

The hotter-than-average summer has been detrimental to the condition of crops and just 18.2 per cent were considered to be in good to excellent condition as of Aug. 10, according to the province’s crop report. The report noted that the 10-year average has seen 69.9 per cent of crops in good to excellent condition.

“In the cropping sector in Alberta, these are the worst drought conditions we’ve had since 2002 when there was a widespread drought in Western Canada,” said Tom Steve, general manager of the Alberta Wheat and Barley Commissions. “It’s definitely going to take its toll on a number of farmers.”

Steve said prices for a lot of crops are very strong due to the drought reaching many regions, however, he said farmers have no or very little crop to sell and are unable to take advantage of the strong prices.

“It’s going to cost the same amount of money to harvest that crop. Whether it’s a four bushel per acre yield or a 50 bushel per acre yield, it still costs you the same for fuel, labour and wear and tear on your equipment.”

Regions south of the Trans-Canada Highway have seen the biggest impact due to the drought, he said.

Blosky, Wowk and Steve all said the extreme heat has also brought more grasshoppers.

“It was pretty disheartening to go walk out into the pasture when we turned the cows out and the grasshoppers had already eaten a very large amount of the grass,” said Blosky. “There’s nothing you can do about it. It’s just another thing this year.”

ktaniguchi@postmedia.com

Hay bales are seen in a field near Highway 37 and Highway 2 north of Edmonton, on Wednesday, Aug. 25, 2021. As historic drought conditions have destroyed crop yields across the Prairies, hay prices have skyrocketed.

Photo by Ian Kucerak PHOTO BY IAN KUCERAK /Postmedia

Hay theft reflects level of farmer desperation

By Doug Ferguson

WESTERN PRODUCER
Published: August 26, 2021
Livestock, News

Alberta SPCA provincial supervisor Stuart Dodds, left, and Alberta Environment and Parks conservation officer Rob Spellicy receive 11 bales that were recovered from a rural property.

 | Alberta SPCA photo


RCMP investigate after grass was illegally hayed in an Alberta park and bales stolen before they could be recovered

Theft of about $10,000 in hay bales gathered without a permit from a provincial park in Alberta, and then allegedly stolen before they could be donated to a charity, is being seen as an example of the desperate situation many livestock producers face.

Due to widespread drought and heat waves that have caused poor hay crops and rising prices across much of Western Canada, “people are going to whatever length to secure feed,” said Stuart Dodds, provincial supervisor for the Alberta SPCA.

After the round hay bales were found in the park by conservation officers, Alberta Environment and Parks decided to donate them to the SPCA. However, the bales were removed by an unknown party before the charity could pick them up.

It had planned to use them as feed in case livestock are seized from producers this winter, said Dodds. He warned the feed shortage means everyone from large livestock producers to hobby farmers with horses need to make plans to secure feed or downsize herds as they head into this fall and winter.

Failure to prevent animals from starving in Alberta can result in everything from fines of up to $20,000 to prohibitions on owning livestock, and “it could become a big problem in these coming months,” he said.

Alberta Environment and Parks was informed July 17 that a grassy area within Lois Hole Centennial Provincial Park near Edmonton and St. Albert had been illegally hayed, the department said in an email. “Haying within a provincial park or protected area requires a permit; the department did not issue a haying permit for that location.”

Eleven bales were subsequently recovered from a rural property by the department in connection with the original complaint and donated to the Alberta SPCA, said Dodds. However, someone else appears to have separately come in and removed about 70 of the bales that remained in the park, he added.

It is the first such incident known to Dodds involving a public park.

“We’re hearing stories at the moment, just odd little stories of feed being stolen, but that’s from people’s fields and things like that.

“I think people are just getting a bit desperate and trying whatever they can to get supplies … If producers have a lot of feed on hand in yards and what have you, they need to be making sure that it’s secure because somebody might come in and attempt to take it, so you need to be careful around especially these rural areas.”

The alleged theft is believed to have occurred between July 31 and Aug. 5, said the email by Alberta Environment and Parks. Although the matter is currently part of a criminal investigation by the St. Albert RCMP for alleged theft over $5,000, efforts by The Western Producer to contact the detachment for further information were unsuccessful.

It wouldn’t have been easy to remove the bales, Dodds said in the statement by the Alberta SPCA. “Collecting 70 bales would have required a bale picker as well as numerous loads on a flatbed semi-trailer.”

Due to the fact it is difficult to predict in advance the severity of the upcoming winter, hay is purchased by the Alberta SPCA on a case-by-case basis as livestock seizures occur, he said in an interview.

“We couldn’t buy a whole bunch of bales now and just have them sit there for two years because it’ll just go mouldy, and if we don’t use them, it’s a waste of time and money, isn’t it?”

Anyone with information about the alleged theft can contact the Conservation Officer Enforcement Line at 780-644-3880, or the St. Albert RCMP.

REPUBLICAN TRUMPISM IN CANADA

O’Toole, Singh condemn angry protesters dogging Trudeau election campaign event

By Joan Bryden The Canadian Press
Posted August 28, 2021 1:09 pm


WATCH: Cancelled Liberal campaign event prompts outcry

Erin O’Toole warned supporters Saturday that they’re not welcome on the Conservative campaign if they engage in harassment and intimidation of other party leaders.

The leader’s warning came one day after several Conservative campaign workers were spotted among a crowd of raucous protesters who forced the cancellation of a Liberal event featuring Justin Trudeau in Bolton, Ont.

At least four volunteers for local Conservative MP Kyle Seeback were photographed among the angry, obscenity-spewing crowd, wearing blue “Team Seeback” T-shirts.

Seeback issued a statement late Friday saying those individuals are no longer welcome on his campaign.


READ MORE: Liberals cancel Trudeau election campaign event in Ontario due to safety concerns

NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh also condemned the protesters, saying no one should have to cancel an event over safety concerns.

O’Toole insisted Saturday there’s no room in the Conservative campaign for negativity.

“We’re running on a positive campaign for the future of this country,” he said during a stop in Fredericton.

“I strongly condemn any form of harassment and protest the like we’ve seen. We’re a democracy, we should be having a healthy and respectful debate of ideas and we have no time for people who bring in negativity to campaigning.”

O’Toole appealed to everyone to “put the country and our democracy first” and said that’s the behaviour he expects from “every single member of our team, from the leader to the first time someone’s volunteering.”

0:51

Canada election: O’Toole ‘strongly’ condemns protesting on campaign trail

 

Trudeau has been dogged by protesters throughout the campaign, most of them voicing angry opposition to mandatory vaccinations, masks and lockdowns that have been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

A planned event in Bolton on Friday evening was cancelled because, Trudeau said later, the RCMP determined that it could not keep attendees safe.

Questions have arisen over who is organizing and potentially funding the protesters.

One man who showed up to heckle Trudeau at an event in Hamilton earlier in the week, turned up the next day at a Trudeau event in Surrey, B.C. He declined to give his name but when asked by reporters if someone was paying him to follow the leader around the country, he said, “Maybe.”

2:12Canada election: Singh responds to Trudeau cancelling event due to safety concerns

The Liberal campaign has been avoiding making the specific location of many Trudeau events public, partly to limit the number of their own supporters who show up during the pandemic but also to curb opportunities for protesters to organize.

But protesters appear to be mobilizing through social media, using the Twitter hashtag #hateclub and Facebook groups such as “Ontario Protests and Freedom to Assemble Information Page.”

The purported “administrator” of that page is a Barrie, Ont., woman who posted a message Friday detailing the time and location of Trudeau’s Bolton event and inquiring whether anyone was “going to heckle” him.

Zelda Orser said in an interview Saturday that her role was strictly to post a screenshot of a notice that had been posted elsewhere on social media about the Bolton event. She said she has been administrating the Ontario protest page temporarily because the originator, Naz Obredor, was banned by Facebook for 30 days. The page, she said, is intended to simply inform people about various protests over pandemic restrictions.


READ MORE: Will the renaming of a Toronto university topple Conservative Leader Erin O’Toole?

She said the page is not intended to be partisan.

RIGHT WINGERS ALWAYS MAKE THIS CLAIM

“I didn’t attend (the Bolton event). I didn’t organize it … If people want to go and act like idiots, that’s on them,” Orser said.

A person using the #hateclub hashtag wondered on Twitter whether someone was going to punch Trudeau in his “communist face.”

Some Liberal supporters on Twitter drew a link Saturday between that kind of sentiment and Conservative ads on social media, which feature a boxer punching through glass with the tag line “fight back for Canada’s recovery.”

But O’Toole, who has rejected Trudeau’s calls for mandatory vaccinations for everyone in federally regulated workplaces and for a federal fund to help provinces create vaccine passports, rejected suggestions that he shares some responsibility for inflaming protesters.

WHY HIS DAD FAMOUSLY GAVE CONSERVATIVE PROTESTERS  THE FINGER FROM A CN TRAIN CAR IN SALMON ARM, BC.

9:07

‘I’ve never seen this intensity of anger,’ Trudeau says after rally cancelled due to safety

He reiterated that he encourages all Canadians to get vaccinated but respects their personal choice.

“We will always respect people making their personal health decisions,” he said, adding that he will similarly honour provinces’ right to decide whether to create so-called passports that would enable people to show proof of vaccination.

At least some of the protesters appear to share views with supporters of former U.S. president Donald Trump, seemingly importing many of the conspiracy theories prevalent among his followers that led to last January’s violent assault on the U.S. Capitol.

QANON IN CANADA

In a live videostream of the Bolton event, protesters can be heard calling Trudeau a criminal, a communist, a murderer and a pedophile and berating police for being “pedophile protectors.”

In the video, posted on Facebook by a self-identified American woman, a woman can be heard saying that if Trudeau wins the election, it will be because it was “rigged.”

READ MORE: Singh pledges to ‘permanently’ eliminate interest on student loans, forgive debt

Despite their professed concern about exploitation of children, some of the protesters were accompanied by their young kids and can be heard laughing when one little girl shouts “F— Trudeau,” echoing the chant of adults around her.

In another video making the rounds on social media, shot Friday at a Trudeau appearance in Nobleton, Ont., a male protester can be seen yelling at the parents of a toddler who is wearing a mask. He calls it “sickening,” while a woman in the background can be heard shouting about “child abuse” and “child trafficking.”

Earlier in the week, during Trudeau’s event in Surrey, one protester yelled at Trudeau, “We will end you” while another shouted that no one wants him to breathe.

The number and vigilance of police in Trudeau’s security detail have visibly increased during this campaign. The Liberals declined to comment on security arrangements.

The RCMP, who are responsible for the prime minister’s security, said in a statement Saturday that throughout the campaign, the force “undertakes risk and threat assessments on an ongoing basis and adapt its security posture accordingly. However, from a security standpoint, we will not disclose such information.”

The Mounties added: “Public order is the responsibility of the local police of jurisdiction. Police will respect individual’s rights to freedom of expression and demonstration in a lawful manner. In the event of any unlawful acts, including public order issues, police will respond in an appropriate and professional manner in accordance with the law.”

Trudeau is not the only politician to be targeted.

Calgary Conservative MP Michelle Rempel-Garner released a statement Saturday saying politicians, particularly women, are frequently on the receiving end of “violent language, threats and abuse.”

In the past two weeks, Rempel Garner said she’s been chased down the street by two different men with cameras demanding her response to “conspiracy theories.” On Friday night, she said she and her husband were “accosted by a large man who aggressively approached us” while dining at a restaurant.

“I have also received a death threat from someone who called my office in escalating states of verbal abuse over the course of days,” she said.

“This meant I can’t advertise the location of my campaign office. I can’t attend public events where my attendance has been advertised. I’ve had to enhance security measures. I’m on edge and feel fear when I’m getting in and out of my car, and out in public in general.”

Rempel Garner suggested legislation may be necessary to enhance the ability to prosecute “criminal harassment.”

“A line has to be drawn,” she said.

Singh also spoke out against the toxicity of Friday’s protests against Trudeau.

“No one should have to cancel their events where we have students, we have young people, we have volunteers, we have organizers, no one should have to cancel an event because they’re worried about a danger to the safety of people coming out to a political event,” he said during a campaign stop in Sudbury, Ont.

“That should never have happened. And that’s wrong.”

Singh attributed the increasingly threatening behaviour of protesters at least in part to the pandemic.

“Yeah, there’s definitely a problem … with folks that are feeling maybe anxiety, maybe worry. They’re in a precarious situation, it’s been a tough pandemic and so that might be a reason why people are feeling tense and feeling frustrated,” he said.

But Singh said he’s encouraged by the fact that the “vast majority” of Canadians are united in getting vaccinated and wanting to “take care of one another.”

He reiterated his call for a national vaccine passport.

Trudeau took a day off the campaign trail Saturday. But the Liberals unveiled two new ads, in one of which the Liberal leader doubles down on his criticism of O’Toole’s stance on mandatory vaccinations.

“I believe that vaccines should be mandatory for travel on planes and trains, because that’s how we’ll protect our kids and get back to normal,” he says in the ad, which features a clip of Trudeau receiving his own jab.

“Conservative politicians say they would scrap our plan and won’t even require their own candidates to get vaccinated. This is no time to back down from doing the right thing.”

On Friday shortly after the Bolton event was cancelled, Trudeau told reporters he’s never seen such a level of intense anger before.

“I think this is something that Canadians, all of us, need to reflect on, because it’s not who we are,” he said, adding that everyone has had a difficult year and that “we need to meet anger with compassion.”

The federal election is scheduled for Sept. 20.

Rally in support of Afghanistan: More than 100 gather in Downtown Vancouver

Allison Hurst

Multi-Skilled Journalist,

 CTV News Vancouver
Published Saturday, August 28, 2021 

People gathered in Downtown Vancouver on Sat., Aug. 28 in support of Afghanistan. (CTV News)

VANCOUVER -- Vancouver’s Art Gallery square was filled Saturday afternoon, with Afghans and supporters who want to raise awareness of what’s going on in Afghanistan as the U.S. withdraws its military occupation and as the Taliban forcefully seizes control of the country.

“In a way we are the voice for the unheard and we want to be there for them,” said organizer Ahmadwaly Yasin.

More than 100 people turned out, listening to speakers and playing music as they stood together in solidarity and support of one another. Many are demanding that the Canadian government provide more assistance for families still there.

“It’s very sad. I have family members they are finding ways of getting out but unfortunately the exits are all closed,” said Farid Ziarmal. “If you’re intellectual your life is in danger in Afghanistan, if you’re peace loving your life is in danger… Everybody is basically in danger.”

Yasin said he wants to see the Canadian government increase its offer of welcoming 20,000 refugees, to 50,000.

“We would like Canadian government to bring 50,000 refugees in a shorter period of time. Because five years from now we don’t know what’s going to happen in Afghanistan,” he told CTV News Vancouver.

“Right now the Taliban are being watched by the entire world, so they are behaving. The moment they’re not being watched anymore, everything will just go downhill.”

The rally came a day after the U.S. government launched an air strike targeting ISIS-K officials.

“Two high profile ISIS targets were killed and one was wounded,” said Major General Hank Taylor, with the U.S. army. “And we know of zero casualties.”

The air strike was in retaliation for a suicide bomb that killed more than 169 Afghans and 13 U.S. marines in the country’s capital, Kabul.

“Last two days, it is miserable,” said Tara Pedraz. “I am very stressed out, like, since this Taliban come back.”

One man at the rally, who didn’t want to give his name in order to protect his family still in Afghanistan, told CTV News Vancouver, his family can’t get out.

“The Taliban has shut the passport department, they are not giving any passport or any travel documents for people,” he said. “Yesterday my sister called me, (she said) ‘Hi brother can you send me some money just to buy some food for today and tomorrow?’ Banks are closed, western union is closed, no money, no food, no shelter.”

He said foreign help is still needed for people living in that country, and he is begging Western countries not to leave Afghanistan completely.

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Hundreds rally in Vancouver in support of Afghans amid Taliban takeover
 
By Simon Little & Kamil Karamali Global News
Posted August 28, 2021 


There is growing outrage and fear over the crisis in Afghanistan after the country fell to the Taliban and the Canadian evacuation mission ended. Kamil Karamali has more on how the dire situation is prompting people around the world to hold protests.

Hundreds of people gathered at the Vancouver Art Gallery Saturday to support the people of Afghanistan and urge the Canadian government to do more for those left behind after the Taliban seized power.

The Vancouver event was held in tandem with similar rallies across the country, including Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto and Montreal.

READ MORE: Canadians rally to raise awareness on Afghanistan crisis as feds end evacuations

Demonstrators say they want the international community to increase pressure on the Taliban to adhere to human rights, and to step up efforts to get people safely out of the country.

“All lives in Afghanistan are in danger right now,” organizer Ahmadwaly Yasin told Global News.

2:17A B.C. woman’s fears for women and girls left behind in Afghanistan under Taliban rule

Since the collapse of Afghanistan’s government and the Taliban’s consolidation of power, Afghans in British Columbia have been sharing their fears of bloody retribution.

READ MORE: ‘They’re not going to have mercy on our family’: Fear for women, girls left in Afghanistan

Many say they do not believe the Taliban has changed or will adhere to promises not to exact revenge on people who worked with the international coalition during the war.

The fate of women and girls, whose rights were severely curtailed under the last Taliban government and who were forced into marriages at young ages, is of particular concern.

5:34The uncertain future of Afghan women and girls

Zarifa Joya, an Afghan-Canadian who said most of her relatives remain in Afghanistan, told Global News she’s worried sick.

“It’s been like 20 days, we can’t eat, we can’t sleep. There’s no taste to my food. When my kid comes home, he’s crying, I’m crying,” she said.

READ MORE: ‘They tear at our souls’: Canada ends Kabul evacuation effort as many left behind

Another rally attendee, who asked for anonymity out of fear of putting family in Afghanistan at risk, shared a similar message.

“If the Taliban find out that a part of my family is translator with U.S. army, for sure they going to come and find my other brothers and other family and they’re not going to leave them alive,” he said.

Canada officially ended its evacuation efforts from Afghanistan on Thursday.

Canada pledged to take in 20,000 at-risk Afghans who had helped Canada during its military intervention, but officials said only 3,700 were transported out before airlifts stopped.

© 2021 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.

'Heart-wrenching': Edmontonians rally to push for action amid Afghanistan crisis

Ashley Joannou 6 hrs ago

Crystal Hakimi and her sister Mizhda were supposed to visit Kabul for the first time with their father this year, something Crystal called “a dream I have held in my heart for my entire life.”

© Provided by Edmonton Journal People protesting the Taliban retaking Afghanistan after the planned withdrawal of U.S. and allied forces, outside the Alberta Legislature in Edmonton, August 28, 2021. Ed Kaiser/Postmedia

Instead, the sisters, whose parents left Afghanistan in the ’80s, were among hundreds who marched to the legislature in Edmonton Saturday as part of nationwide rallies to support the people of Afghanistan days after the Canadian government ended its efforts to fly people out of the country that has been taken over by the Taliban.

“After a long history of war, that small opening (for a visit) has been closed and I am not sure if the chance will ever return again in my lifetime,” Crystal told the crowd gathered with flags and signs condemning the Taliban.

“I believe that I can speak for all Afghans when we say that this past few weeks has been heart-wrenching. And yet my grief as a young woman in Canada is minuscule compared to our brothers and sisters left behind — the people that have to live this torture every single day.”

Canada’s military mission in Afghanistan was ended Thursday. Federal officials estimate Canada was able to airlift approximately 3,700 people out of the country before ending the operation, but an unknown number of Canadians and their families are still trapped, as well as vulnerable Afghans who fear Taliban reprisals.

Taliban forces sealed off Kabul’s airport Saturday to most Afghans hoping for evacuation.

People protesting the Taliban retaking Afghanistan after the planned withdrawal of U.S. and allied forces, outside the Alberta Legislature in Edmonton, August 28, 2021. Ed Kaiser/Postmedia

Speakers at the event in Edmonton urged the Canadian government and international community not to recognize the Taliban as a legitimate government and to do more to help those left behind.

Tassala Attai, who fled Afghanistan 20 years ago, has family in the country, including some who worked for NATO. She said they have the appropriate papers but can’t find a way out.

“I, along with many others, feel disappointed in the lack of effective support for the Afghan people by the Canadian government,” she told the crowd while calling on the government to continue the evacuation flights.

“We cannot stand by and watch innocent lives proceed to die on social media.”

Mizhda said her cousin, who worked as an interpreter in Afghanistan, was lucky enough to have his papers processed in time to get out of the country four days before the Taliban seized control.

“He was waiting for so many years. We were all calling people, contacting people, (asking) ‘When is it going to be done? When is it going to be done?’ Until finally it was,” she said.

Mizhda said she can’t imagine the people still living in Afghanistan going back to the way the country was under previous Taliban control. “That wasn’t living,” she said.

She encouraged Edmontonians to put pressure on their politicians to do more to help the crisis that is unfolding.

“What about the people that are remaining? Literally the gates closed and everyone was standing their holding their passports, holding their documentation and they said, ‘Go to the borders.’ And what? Walk past the Taliban to get away? This is unimaginable.”

— With files from Canadian Press

People protesting the Taliban retaking Afghanistan after the planned withdrawal of U.S. and allied forces, outside the Alberta Legislature in Edmonton, August 28, 2021. Ed Kaiser/Postmedia

  

GENERAL STRIKE!

Strike 'inevitable' for Alberta nurses, likely two months away

Jennifer Henderson

St. Albert Gazette
The Local Journalism Initiative
 Saturday, August 28, 2021 

Alberta nurses are likely to go on strike in the next two months if the Alberta Health Services (AHS) position in labour negotiations doesn't shift.

On Thursday the United Nurses of Alberta union (UNA) agreed on all of AHS's conditions for essential services, which are the conditions in the health-care system that must be upheld during a strike, bringing the province's 30,000 nurses one step closer to a strike.

Unlike most employees who can walk off their jobs, nurses were once banned from striking altogether because if they leave their jobs, lives are put at risk.

After a Supreme Court of Canada ruling in 2015 nurses are now able to strike, but they must do it under conditions that both AHS and the nurses agree to. The plan, which the nurses agreed to this week, is detailed and specific for each unit across the province, but broadly works out to an around 66-per-cent decrease of staff during the striking period. Some units, such as Intensive Care Units, will likely not cut staff, while other units facing less dire consequences could see larger cuts to staff during a strike.

Agreeing to these conditions from AHS brings the nurses one step closer to a strike, UNA director of labour relations David Harrigan said on Thursday.

“Unless the government and the employer starts taking things seriously, I think it's absolutely inevitable that there's going to be a strike,” Harrigan said.

The legal process for the nurses to strike requires them to agree on the essential services to be provided during that time before they can move into the formal mediation process with AHS and the provincial government.

Now a mediator will be appointed, and if an agreement is not reached between the groups, then either the union can strike, or the employer can lock out.

Harrigan said once a mediator is appointed, they have 14 days to try and bring the parties to an agreement. If that can't be achieved, recommendations may given by the mediator. The groups will go into a 14-day cooling-off period before they can take any action.

“So we are probably looking at a month or two (before a strike),” Harrigan said.

The nurses are asking for a two-per-cent pay increase per year, along with a request that AHS and the provincial government reveal publicly how much overtime is being used on each unit per year.

The employer is asking for a three-per-cent cut to salaries, with a two-per-cent cut to the lump-sum payment nurses receive, which equals a five-per-cent reduction in their income.

On top of cutting salaries, working conditions would be made worse, Harrigan said, by removing the requirement to have a registered nurse or registered psychiatric nurse in charge of nursing units, which will deeply impact patient care.

“It's going to affect working conditions if you have a nursing unit and there's no nurse in charge, things can really go awry,” Harrigan said.

The union leader said it is unbelievable the province is saying it is in an emergency situation, as AHS has invoked emergency work rules for nurses as COVID-19 hospitalizations rise again, while trying to cut pay for the nurses.

Under the emergency provisions the nurses put their normal rules of employment on hold and instead they can be sent to other hospitals and required to work overtime.


“When you do that and at the same time, say, `We think you're worth less,' it's the perfect storm for chaos,” Harrigan said.

In a poll of members, Harrigan said 97 per cent of provincial nurses do not want to accept a pay cut and a “large majority” of members would be prepared to take strike action.

Provincial nurses have already been holding information pickets this summer, fighting back against the proposed wage rollbacks, staffing issues, and closures of beds across the province.

Alberta Minister of Treasury Board and Finance Travis Toews said in a press release on Thursday he is pleased that the United Nurses of Alberta and Alberta Health Services have reached an agreement on essential services that will be submitted to the Alberta Labour Relations Board (ALRB) for review.

“AHS and UNA will be filing a joint application to the ALRB for formal mediation,” Toews said.

“Previously, AHS had filed for informal mediation. We are pleased to see UNA is now a joint applicant, and has acknowledged the importance of mediation.”

The minister said mediation is a normal part of the negotiation process and is a step toward a settlement and long-term labour stability.

“It is clear the two parties want to reach an agreement and it is important that this happens quickly,” Toews said.

“I am confident that formal mediation will be productive as the two parties work collaboratively toward a deal that respects both the expertise of Alberta's nurses and the province's financial situation.”

The nurses contract expired in March 2020, although that contact currently extends until a new one can be reached. Negotiations were put off due to the pandemic but picked up again in July 2020.

Endosymbiotic theory: evolution is powered by innovation and thievery

Sometimes, new combinations of preexisting things revolutionize life.

NEIL SHUBIN26 August, 2021

Credit: Sigmund via Unsplash


Throughout evolutionary history, organisms have "stolen" the innovations of others rather than building them from scratch.
For example, the tiny "organs" inside of cells were once free-living bacteria.
Today, humans have taken CRISPR from bacteria and used it as a technique for gene editing.

Wheels have been on planet Earth for over 6000 years. Suitcases have been around for centuries. Suitcases with wheels were invented a few decades ago and changed life for many who travel. Every time I am in an airport, my rested back muscles are a kind of celebration of how invention can come from finding a new combination. Far from being an offbeat insight, the relationship between innovation and new combinations of parts is as much a part of our four-billion-year evolutionary history on Earth as it will be our future.

In one of her first research projects in the 1960s, Lynn Margulis, then a graduate student at the University of California-Berkeley, looked at the diversity of cells in living creatures and proposed a new theory for how they came about. She wrote it up and received rejections from, as she once described it, "15 or so journals." Undeterred, she eventually found a home for the paper in a relatively obscure journal on theoretical biology. Margulis' fearless persistence in the face of a chorus of negative reviews was breathtaking — here was a young female scientist at the start of her career set against an entrenched orthodoxy.

Margulis looked at the cells that make the bodies of animals, plants, and fungi. These cells have a complexity to them that bacteria do not. Animal and plant cells contain a nucleus in which the genome resides. Surrounding the nucleus are a number of small organs, so-called organelles, that carry out different functions. The most prominent among these organelles are the ones that power the cell. Plants have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll that carry out the photosynthetic reactions that convert sunlight to usable energy. Similarly, animal cells have mitochondria that generate energy from oxygen and sugars.


Some Assembly Required: Decoding Four Billion Years of Life, from Ancient Fossils to DNA
List Price: $12.99


Margulis observed that these organelles look like mini-cells within the cell. Each has its own membrane around it, separating it from the rest of the cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce in the cell by splitting into two, a process called binary fission. As they divide, the organelles elongate, pinch in the middle to look like a dumbbell, and then the separate to form two new individuals. These organelles even have their own genome, separate from that of the nucleus. The genomes of the organelles, however, are very different from that of the nucleus. DNA strands in the nucleus are linear; in mitochondria and chloroplasts, the DNA forms a circular ring.

Endosymbiotic theory

With their own membranes, reproduction by binary fission, and DNA organized as a circle, the structure of these organelles rung a bell for Margulis. She had seen these features before — in bacteria. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, are surrounded by a similar kind of membrane, and have a genome that looks much like that of chloroplasts and mitochondria. The organelles that power animal and plant cells appeared more similar to bacteria than to the nucleus of the cell in which they reside.

From these observations, Margulis proposed a radical new theory of evolutionary history. Chloroplasts were originally a species of free-living cyanobacterium (also known as blue-green algae) that got incorporated into another cell and were put to work as metabolic laborers to provide energy for that new cell. Likewise, mitochondria also were originally free-living bacteria that merged with another cell and were put to use powering it.

Margulis' idea was met with either widespread scorn or complete indifference. Fortunately for Margulis, and science in general, technology caught up with her idea. With DNA sequencing methods developed in the 1980s, the history of the genes inside the organelles could be compared to those of the cell nucleus. The family tree that emerged was as beautiful as it was surprising. Neither mitochondria nor chloroplasts were genetically related to the DNA of their own nuclei. Chloroplasts were more closely related to different species of cyanobacteria than anything else inside the plant cell. Likewise, mitochondria were descendants of a species of oxygen-consuming bacteria and not related to their nucleus. Today, every animal or fungal cell has two families of life inside of it, one of their nucleus and another whose ancestors were once free-living bacteria. Plant cells have a third family whose ancestors were once free-living cyanobacteria.

The more we look, the more we find that traits can appear in one species only to be borrowed, stolen, and modified for new uses by another. In this way, hosts inherit the parts of a ready-made invention rather than having to build it themselves. These combinations of parts, and the new kinds of individuals that can emerge from them, can open up evolutionary opportunities.

For billions of years, life existed as single cells, and the inventions were in the ways creatures metabolized the energy and chemicals around them. Life was small. With the origins of ever more complex individuals came new ways of making proteins, moving about, and feeding. Creatures with bodies — animals, plants, and fungi — are relative newcomers to the planet, and each of these is composed of cells derived from the merger of different individuals. The advent of bodies opened up a new way of evolving for living things. Creatures made of many cells, each powered by organelles, could get big and develop new tissues and organs. The result is the diversity of tissues and organs that help animals fly to the highest altitudes, swim at the bottom of the ocean, and devise satellites to probe the far reaches of the solar system.

Theft, but in a good way

Combining, borrowing, and repurposing technologies and inventions from other species has been part of our multibillion-year past. It is also our future. The Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2020 went to two women who helped devise CRISPR-Cas, a new technique to edit the genome. In nature, CRISPR is a defense mechanism that bacteria use to ward off invasions by viruses. There is something beautiful in the notion that our conscious brain has accomplished what cells and genomes have done for billions of years. A process invented in bacteria has been coopted to change the genomes of others. The result, like what Lynn Margulis saw, is an appropriated technology that, when tinkered with, can transform evolution.

Neil Shubin is the author of Some Assembly Required, Your Inner Fish, and The Universe Within. He is the Robert R. Bensley Professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2011. He lives in Chicago.

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'Endless potential' if mini-nuclear halves power cost to match green hydrogen: WoodMac

Small nuclear reactors could be competitive with H2 from renewables at $65/MWh, says research group

A Rolls-Royce SMR design.Photo: Rolls-Royce

24 August 2021
By Andrew Lee

A new generation of small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) can compete with renewables as a power source for hydrogen electrolysis if they can hit a $65/MWh price benchmark that's roughly half today's level, claimed Wood Mackenzie.

The research group said at that point, and assuming electrolysers running at sufficiently high load factors, SMRs could emerge as a key element of the energy transition mix as a flexible, dispatchable option for H2 output alongside green hydrogen from wind and solar.


Rolls-Royce mini nuclear plant can now 'match offshore wind on power price'

SMRs, sometimes known as mini-nuclear plants, are designed to be smaller and far cheaper to deploy than the massive multi-gigawatt scale sites that are currently the mainstay of the nuclear power sector.

However, they are mostly in the early stage of development, with only a handful actually in operation, said Wood Mackenzie Asia-Pacific head of markets and transitions, Prakash Sharma.

Current SMR designs are delivering power in the range of $120/MWh or more, Wood Mackenzie reckons, but “can fall under $80/MWh in the 2030s with government support, technology innovation and investments. China has achieved faster cost declines in other technologies and could potentially repeat the success in SMR nuclear,” Sharma said.


Green, blue and pink: Bipartisan US infrastructure bill allocates $9.5bn to push down the costs of clean hydrogen

“SMR may still be in its infancy, but its potential is endless. They can play a role in producing low-carbon hydrogen, which is a cornerstone of almost all deep decarbonisation scenarios.”

Recharge has previously reported how Rolls-Royce, the UK power technology group with one of the most advanced SMR designs, has claimed it could match offshore wind on cost of electricity at around £50/MWh ($71/MWh) from a 470MW deployment.

President Joe Biden’s $2.3trn American Jobs Plan also namechecks nuclear, while corporate energy buyers such as Google have not ruled out the use of “advanced nuclear” technologies to meet decarbonisation goals.


Bill Gates small nuclear 'only option' for 24/7 power with wind and solar: Buffett utility boss

Nuclear is increasingly being spoken of as a potential good fit with zero-carbon hydrogen production, as its high capacity factor and continuous operation could in theory avoid the intermittency associated with renewable supply and run electrolysers more efficiently, and so at lower cost.

Large-scale plants such as EDF's planned £20bn ($27.8bn) 3.2GW Sizewell C facility on the coast of eastern England are also in the frame to provide power for hydrogen electrolysis.

However, opponents have labelled nuclear a dangerous distraction from a fully-renewable energy system, claiming that despite the smaller scale, basic concerns over safety and storage of waste remain unanswered with SMRs.(Copyright)

Read more
EDF’s plans to produce pink hydrogen at proposed 3.2GW nuclear plant are 'daft': Liebreich