Wednesday, November 17, 2021

CLIMATE CYNIC

Terry Glavin: The scale of the disaster unfolding in B.C. is unprecedented

The sheer damage to basic infrastructure caused by the flooding is catching everyone unprepared


Author of the article:Terry Glavin
Publishing date:Nov 16, 2021 
 
Abandoned transport trucks are seen on the Trans-Canada Highway in a flooded area of Abbotsford, British Columbia, on Tuesday, Nov. 16, 2021. 
PHOTO BY DARRYL DYCK /Canadian Press


VICTORIA — At some point in the coming days the penny will drop, and we’ll all be seized of the implications attending to the ongoing disaster on Canada’s west coast. First the rain, then the wind, and soon, everything will be freezing. For starters, if you think the Canadian economy is beset by global “supply chain” bottlenecks now, you just wait.

The Port of Vancouver, North Fraser, Fraser-Surrey Docks and Deltaport are now cut off from the rest of Canada, by road and by rail. Both CN Rail and CP Rail are assessing the extent of the damage to their rail lines in the Fraser Valley and Fraser Canyon districts. Neither company knows when the trains will be moving again.

The worst rail disruptions may last only a few days, but the Coquihalla Highway — the main road route connecting Metro Vancouver with British Columbia’s southern interior and points east, with roughly three-quarters of a million commercial truck transits every year — is gone. Deputy British Columbia Premier Mike Farnsworth says it may take “several weeks or months” to re-open the highway.

Owing to several washouts and mudslides, the old southerly route — Highway 3, snaking through the Cascades, Monashees and Selkirk mountains to the Crowsnest Pass in the Rockies — is impassable. The Fraser Canyon route, northward from Hope, about 130 kilometres east of Vancouver, has been smashed by rockslides and waterfalls that burst out of nowhere from the Coast mountains over the weekend.

CP Rail is looking to divert shipping traffic via Portland, Oregon, but restoring east-west overland connections by American routes won’t be easy. Washington State is a mess, too. Floodwaters from the Nooksack River have poured across the Canada-U.S. border into the Fraser Valley. Sumas Lake, an ancient waterbody drained to create farmland back in the 1920s, is a lake again today. Thousands of people have been evacuated.

About 280 kilometres east of Vancouver by a now non-functioning road, the Tulameen and Similkameen Rivers broke their dykes and burst their banks on Monday, and the rivers are now flowing through much of the town of Princeton. The temperature is dropping below freezing, the natural gas line that heats local homes is broken, the town’s water systems are wrecked, and nobody knows when things will be “normal” again.

While Princeton was drowning, the Coldwater River was venting its rage on the town of Merritt, 90 kilometres north of Princeton, and the entire community has been shut down because of the “immediate danger to public health and safety.” Roughly 7,000 people have been ordered to make their way to emergency centres in Kamloops and Kelowna.

And that’s just a snapshot of the misery British Columbians are enduring.

The devastation from last summer’s heat wave and its wildfires disrupted rail and road transport too, and while the immediate human cost was far greater, it was nothing like this, in terms of damage to basic infrastructure and transportation capacity. Five months ago the province was on fire and everybody prayed for the healing rain, but B.C.’s provincial authorities appear to have been as unprepared for the shock of the “atmospheric river” that has deluged British Columbia as they were for the “heat dome” that hovered over the province for those six brutal days in June.

The heat broke dozens of temperature records. The town of Lytton was quickly incinerated following several days of killing heat. At one point Lytton was 49.6 C, hotter than anywhere on any day in Canadian history, hotter than Death Valley that day, hotter than anything ever recorded above the 45th parallel anywhere on the planet. And yes, of course what happened last summer, and what is happening now, are catastrophes consistent with models developed by the International Panel on Climate Change, going back decades, that predicted extreme weather events set in motion by global warming.

And yes, the just-concluded COP26 extravaganza in Glasgow was seized of all this, despite the chasm that persists between what the world’s presidents, prime ministers, strongmen and supreme leaders say they’re prepared to do, and what the loudest activist voices say we all need to do. But we could do with a lot less of the punditry making the rounds to the effect that the crisis on Canada’s west coast is a teachable moment, or some sort of consciousness-raising opportunity, to the effect that Canadians need to wake up about the reality of climate change. We’re awake, already. Only one in ten Canadians subscribe to the notion that human activities have no meaningful impact on global climate. British Columbians, perhaps particularly, have been awake for years.

The fact remains that Canada’s contribution to the loading of greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere is less than two per cent, and while we owe it to the planet, to humanity and to ourselves to scale back the damage we’re doing, what is needed more than anything is preparedness, armouring, hunkering down a bit. And Canada is doing a lousy job of that. British Columbia is clearly doing a lousy job of that. Canada is warming at twice the global rate, and in the interior and the north, it’s more like three times the global rate. Bicycle lanes and electric cars aren’t going to do much about that.

Last summer, B.C.’s Emergency Health Services didn’t get the province’s emergency operations centre up and running to coordinate the response to the killing heat dome until things started to cool down. And now we have Mike Farnworth, who is supposed to be B.C.’s public safety minister, shrugging off the province’s latest excesses of unpreparedness by pointing his finger at local municipalities.

The B.C. Alert system that’s supposed to send text messages to British Columbians in harm’s way wasn’t activated, and it should come as cold comfort to the hundreds of British Columbians trapped overnight between highway mudslides that Farnsworth says the problem was with local communities and their local emergency plans.

At least Environment Canada issued a warning last Friday that the atmospheric river was headed towards the coast. That’s something, you could say. But it took hours on Sunday for Emergency Info B.C. to start issuing notices, and they sounded a lot like the sort of thing everybody on the B.C. coast is accustomed to in any November.

This isn’t any November. The world has changed. The climate has changed. There are things we can do, and there are things beyond our control. One thing we can do is hold off on the hectoring “we told you so” global-warming taunts, and spend more time focusing on how to take care of one another. We should be getting ready for the worse that’s bound to come.

Let’s start there.

AH A KUMBAYA ENDING DUCK AND COVER WITH A BIG HUG ALL AROUND

WITH NARY A WORD ABOUT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING UNDER AUSTERITY BUDGETS PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL OVER THE PAST DECADE OR MORE
Humanitarian activists to face criminal charges in Greece

AFP
November 17, 2021
 
JOHN MACDOUGALL / AFP
German-Irish volunteer Sean Binder and Syrian refugee Sarah Mardini, who was held in Greece on migrant smuggling charges, give a press conference in Berlin, Germany, on December 12, 2018.

Human Rights Watch said the activists provided 'life-saving aid to migrants and asylum seekers'

Two dozen humanitarian activists who helped migrants reach Greece three years ago face charges including espionage and criminal membership in a trial opening Thursday on Greece’s island of Lesbos.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) this week said the activists provided "life-saving aid to migrants and asylum seekers,” and accused Greek authorities of "criminalizing rescuers.”



Two of the defendants, Syrian refugee Sarah Mardini and Irish national Sean Binder, already spent over three months in police custody and face five-year prison sentences over the incident, their lawyer Haris Petsikos told AFP.

But the pair - who were conditionally released in December 2018 and immediately left Greece - are also in line for a related felony investigation which will be tried separately.

Overall, 24 activists are on trial for their alleged affiliation with Emergency Response Centre International, a non-profit search-and-rescue group that operated on Lesbos and in Greek waters from 2016 to 2018.

Mardini, who now lives in Berlin, has a seven-year ban on returning to Greece and will not attend Thursday's trial.



She told HRW that she was "scared" to volunteer again.

"At least we’re out of detention now, but we want this to be over. You get so exhausted. This has been a dark three years," the Syrian refugee said.

Mardini traveled by boat from Turkey to Greece in 2015 as an asylum seeker from Syria.

When the engine failed, she and her younger sister helped save others on board by swimming and keeping the boat afloat until it reached Lesbos.

China silent on tennis star Peng Shuai despite growing concern, Djokovic 'shocked'

Issued on: 16/11/2021 
Video by: FRANCE 24

Novak Djokovic expressed his shock Monday at the 'disappearance' of Chinese tennis star Peng Shuai, who has not been heard from since accusing a powerful politician of sexual assault. Peng claimed earlier this month that former vice-premier Zhang Gaoli had assaulted her, the first time the #MeToo movement has struck at the top echelons of the ruling Communist Party. Chinese officials have refused to answer questions on the fate of the former world number one doubles player.



Naomi Osaka 'shock' adds to growing calls over fate of Peng Shuai


Tue, 16 November 2021

Naomi Osaka added her voice to growing concern about Peng Shuai
 (AFP/William WEST)

Four-time Grand Slam champion Naomi Osaka said that she was in "shock" about fellow tennis star Peng Shuai, who has not been heard from since alleging that a powerful Chinese politician sexually assaulted her.

Osaka added her voice to growing concern within tennis about Peng's fate, with men's number one Novak Djokovic and numerous other players in recent days saying they were deeply worried about her.

The 24-year-old Osaka wrote a short statement on Twitter, where she has 1.1 million followers, accompanied by #WhereIsPengShuai -- a hashtag which has been widely used on social media.

"Censorship is never ok at any cost, I hope Peng Shuai and her family are safe and ok," the Japanese former world number one wrote.

"I'm in shock of the current situation and I'm sending love and light her way."

Pressure is growing on Chinese authorities to clarify the status of the 35-year-old Peng, a former Wimbledon and French Open doubles champion.

Peng alleged on the Twitter-like Weibo earlier this month that former vice-premier Zhang Gaoli had "forced" her into sex during a long-term on-off relationship.

It was the first time the #MeToo movement has struck at the top echelons of China's ruling Communist Party, but the post was swiftly deleted and nothing has been heard from Peng since.

The Women's Tennis Association called Sunday for Peng's claims to be "investigated fully, fairly, transparently and without censorship".

WTA chairman Steve Simon told The New York Times that they had information that she "is safe and not under any physical threat".

China has remained quiet about Peng and its national tennis association did not respond to AFP requests for comment.

Details of Peng's accusations have been scrubbed from China's heavily censored Internet.

pst/dh


COMMUNIST ART AS LUXURY MCM

New York auction smashes record for Frida Kahlo work


Issued on: 17/11/2021 



A Sotheby's worker arranges the Frida Kahlo self-portrait "Diego y yo," in New York on November 15, 2021 ANGELA WEISS AFP

New York (AFP) – A rare painting by Frida Kahlo sold in a New York auction house Tuesday for almost $35 million, a record price for a work by the iconic Mexican artist.

At the same sale, a painting by French artist Pierre Soulages also broke a record for his work by reaching $20.2 million dollars.

As expected, the self-portrait of Kahlo entitled "Diego y yo" ("Diego and me," 1949), where the face of the painter's husband Diego Rivera appears on her forehead, smashed the former record of $8 million set by a Kahlo in 2016.

That made it the most expensive Latin American work of art in history sold at auction, the previous record having gone to a painting by Diego Rivera himself,
whose work "Los Rivales" (1931) sold for $9.76 million in 2018.


"Diego y yo" is emblematic of Kahlo's self-portraits, known for their intense and enigmatic gaze that made the Mexican painter, a feminist icon, famous around the world.

In the painting, Rivera's face appears on Frida's forehead, above her distinctive eyebrows and dark eyes from which a few teardrops fall.

The depiction of Rivera, who at the time was close to Mexican actress Maria Felix, as a third eye symbolizes the extent to which he tormented her thoughts, art experts say.

Kahlo and Rivera married each other twice. She died aged just 47 in 1954.

"Diego y yo" last sold at Sotheby's for $1.4 million in 1990.

Soulages' painting, which had spent more than 30 years in a private collection, corresponds to the red period of the century-old French artist.

It sold for $20.2 million after a heated battle between several bidders, some of them in Sotheby's auction room and others on the phone, greatly exceeding the previous record reached in 2019 of $9.6 million euros in Paris.

© 2021 AFP

Record-Setting Frida Kahlo Portrait Tops Sotheby’s $282 M. Modern Art Evening Sale

BY ANGELICA VILLA
ART NEWS
November 16, 2021 
Frida Kahlo "Diego y yo" during the press preview for Sotheby's Marquee Evening Sales starring the Macklowe Collection, New York, NY, November 5, 2021.SIPA USA VIA AP

Following its record-high $676 million sale of the widely anticipated Macklowe collection in New York on Monday night, Sotheby’s staged a modern art evening sale the following evening that brought in a collective $282 million with fees.

This sale achieved a near perfect sell-through rate, with 46 out of the 47 lots offered finding buyers. More than half of the lots were secured with financial backing; 25 works from the sale had irrevocable bids, meaning 78 percent of the works would sell for at least their pre-sale low estimate. Before the sale, three lots were withdrawn, including a 1932 Georgia O’Keefe painting (estimated at $8 million) and a Henry Moore sculpture. Overall, the lots that went to auction Tuesday night hammered at $240.5 million, landing solidly within its pre-sale expectation of $192.2 million–$266.9 million.

Sotheby’s European chairman, Oliver Barker, returned to the auction podium at the house’s York Avenue headquarters in New York to lead the two-hour evening sale, the second of its four marquee sales this week. Attendees filled the audience of the house’s revamped salesroom, accompanied by new digital frills which were sponsored by electronics company Samsung.

Claude Monet, Coin Du Bassin Aux Nympheas, 1889.
SIPA USA VIA AP

The sale’s top lot was Claude Monet’s Coin du bassin aux nymphĂ©as (1918), a water lilies still-life scene that sold for $50.8 million. Coming to the sale with an irrevocable bid, it hammered at $44 million, healthily above its low $40 million estimate. It went to a bidder on the phone with Sotheby’s Mexico City office representative Lulu de Creel, who triumphed over two bidders in Hong Kong to win it. According to Artnet News, the work was being sold by engineer and MIT Museum board member Ronald Cordover, who lent it a 2020 exhibition devoted to the French painter that traveled to the Denver Art Museum and the Museum Barberini in Potsdam, Germany. He purchased it at auction in 1997 for $6.7 million.

But it was a 1949 self-portrait by Frida Kahlo that stole the show. Held in a private collection for some 30 years, it sold for a record-setting $34.9 million. The painting depicts the artist gazing tearfully at the viewer with an image of her husband, Mexican painter Diego Rivera, superimposed on her forehead, serving as a kind of third eye. Blitzing past Kahlo’s $8 million auction record, the work hammered on a bid of $31 million (just above its low estimate) to a client on the phone with Sotheby’s New York private sales representative Ana di Stasi.

Sotheby’s revealed after the sale that the winning bidder was Argentine financier Eduardo F. Costantini. One of the world’s top collectors and the founder of the private museum MALBA in Buenos Aires, Costantini is no stranger to breaking auction records for Latin American art.

Kahlo’s painting, a response to Rivera’s infidelity, also bested the previous auction record for a work by a Latin American artist, held since 2019 when one of Rivera’s works sold for $9.8 million. In a statement following the sale, di Stasis said, “You could call tonight’s result the ultimate revenge, but in fact, it is the ultimate validation of Kahlo’s extraordinary talent and global appeal.”

Another new auction record was set for French centenarian Pierre Soulages. His 1961 black-and-red abstract canvas for $20.1 million with fees, after a protracted bidding spar between Sotheby’s chairman in Switzerland, Caroline Lang ,and Sotheby’s chairman of Europe, Helena Newman. When it hammered for hammered for $17.3 million to Newman’s client, the salesroom broke into applause. More than doubling its estimate of $8 million, the result exceeded the artist’s previous auction record of $10.6 million set in in November 2018 when a 1959 painting sold at Christie’s in New York.

Sotheby’s specialists bidding during a modern art evening sale in New York on November 16, 2021.SOTHEBY'S

Another big-ticket item that outpaced expectations was an untitled hanging mobile sculpture made of painted metal sheet and wire by Alexander Calder. Three bidders between New York and London, including one in the auction room, drove the hammer price up to $16.9 million, well past its $10 million estimate. The piece sold for a final price of $19.7 million. The current seller purchased it at Christie’s two decades ago for $1 million.

Salvador Dali’s L’Angelus (1934-35), a minuscule painting of two male and female silhouetted figures divided by a blue body of water, also surpassed its estimate, going for a final price of $10.7 million. The lot, which has been held in the same collection for three decades, more than doubled its estimate of $4 million.

Other noteworthy sales came throughout the auction. A 1933 portrait of a child holding a stuffed teddy bear, titled Portrait de Mademoiselle Poum Rachou, by Art Deco darling Tamara de Lempicka sold for $7.8 million, against an estimate of $3.5 million. The seller purchased it at auction in 2009 for $2.9 million. A vibrant abstract canvas titled Berkley #6 (1953) by Richard Diebenkorn was sold by the family of developer Jay I. Kislak for $5 million to raise funds for the collector’s family foundation.

Following the record sale of the Kahlo, lots by female Latin American surrealists also found success on Tuesday. Leonor Fini’s Les Aveugles (1968), which depicts two floor-bound women in an embrace that was exhibited in Fini’s 2018-2019 retrospective at the Museum of Sex in New York, sold for $867,000, more than three times its estimate of $200,000. A Remedios Varo painting of two figures in a dream-like interior scene, Les feuilles mortes (1956), sold for $2.8 million, exceeding its high estimate of $2 million.

Unlike others sales this week and last at Christie’s and Sotheby’s, tonight’s modern art auction fielded far more bidding from the U.S. and Europe, than it did from Asia. Though the sale was highly managed with behind-the-scenes financial deals that typically hamper bidding, competition among buyers was still spirited and many of the sale’s lots met expectations after all.

The Macklowe Collection Delivers an Eye-Popping $676 Million at Sotheby’s, Making It the Most Valuable Sale in Company History

The 35-lot sale, the result of the couple's bitter divorce, was the biggest test of the high-end art market since March 2020.


Katya Kazakina

November 15, 2021
The Macklowe Collection sale. Photo courtesy of Sotheby's.


The high-end art market breathed a sigh of relief as trophies from the Macklowe Collection by artists including Mark Rothko, Alberto Giacometti, and Jackson Pollock generated an eye-watering $676.1 million at auction on Monday.


The highly anticipated event was ordered by the court as part of the bitter divorce between real-estate developer Harry Macklowe and his museum trustee ex-wife Linda. The 35 lots offered on Monday were expected to bring $444 million to $619 million. Every single one sold and Sotheby’s heralded the results as the most valuable sale in its history. More Macklowe material will be offered in May.

“I am very, very pleased and happy,” Harry Macklowe said after the auction. “I feel very privileged.”

Both warring exes attended the event, though Linda—who has been credited as the lead architect of the collection, and who fought unsuccessfully to keep the works from hitting the auction block—watched from a skybox and did not speak to the press. Harry, sporting a long, richly patterned scarf around his neck, said he is as proud of the collection he built with his ex-wife over six decades as he is of any of his buildings.



Sotheby’s billionaire owner Patrick Drahi and Harry Macklowe in front of Jackson Pollock’s Number 17, 1951. Photo: Katya Kazakina

The sale was the biggest test of the high-end art market since the world went into lockdown 19 months ago. While the mood in the room was subdued and competition for many of the lots was relatively sparse, international bidding from 25 countries boosted the results. Four artworks fetched more than $50 million—twice as many as sold in all of 2020. The average lot price was, astoundingly, $19.3 million.

Like at Christie’s 21st century auction last week, the lion’s share of the offerings—almost 80 percent of the sale’s estimated value—was backed by irrevocable bids, meaning those works were essentially presold. While a necessary part of financial wizardry, such arrangements often dampen live bidding, as was the case with several key lots at Sotheby’s.

“Financing is part of the competitive landscape,” said Evan Beard, head of private business services at Bank of America. “They are managing risk like an investment bank does.” Sotheby’s won the consignment in part by guaranteeing the former couple a minimum price no matter what happened at the auction.


Mark Rothko, No. 7 (1951). Photo courtesy of Sotheby’s.

The top lot of the night was Rothko’s No. 7 (1951), snapped up by a client of the chairman of Sotheby’s Asia for $82.5 million. The eight-foot-tall canvas featuring horizontal bands of pink, yellow, and orange, which had never before appeared at auction, was expected to bring in $70 million to $90 million. It fell just short of setting a new auction record for the Abstract Expressionist, whose top price is $86.9 million. (Final prices include buyer’s premium unless otherwise noted; pre-sale estimates do not.)


Giacometti’s Le Nez (1947), a haunting post-World War II sculpture of a bronze head with an extremely long, pointy nose, hammered for $68 million, below the low estimate of $70 million. The final price with fees came to $78.4 million, smack in the middle of expectations. After the sale, Justin Sun, the BitTorrent CEO and Chinese cryptocurrency investor who was the underbidder for Beeple’s $69.3 million NFT, tweeted that he was the buyer of the sculpture. Sotheby’s had previously confirmed the buyer came from Asia.

Out in force, Asian bidders also pursued works by Willem de Kooning, Agnes Martin, and Gerhard Richter.


Giacometti’s Le Nez and Warhol’s Nine Marilyns. Courtesy of Sotheby’s.

Not every high price was orchestrated in advance. Pollock’s Number 17, 1951, a painting of inky black swirls that resemble a very complex Rorschach test, was a surprise success. It sold for $61.6 million, smashing its $35 million high estimate and surpassing the artist’s previous record of $58.3 million, set for a more characteristic drip painting in 2013.

Martin’s Untitled #44 was another less expected hit. Estimated at $6 million to $8 million, the 1974 Minimalist canvas was acquired by the Macklowes the year it was made. It ended up selling for $17.7 million, a record for the artist, after being chased by five bidders.

Cy Twombly’s 18-foot-wide untitled painting of dripping red flowers on a light green background sold for $58.8 million, on the upper end of its $40 million-to-$60 million estimate. The Macklowes also acquired it the year it was made, in 2007, from Gagosian gallery in New York. Each work in the show was priced at $5 million, according to Matthew Armstrong, the former curator of Donald Marron’s collection, which bought another piece from the series. (“Ours was the best of the bunch,” he added.)


Cy Twombly, Untitled (2007). Image courtesy Sotheby’s.

Two paintings by Andy Warhol also landed among the top 10 lots. Nine Marilyns (1962) sold to its guarantor for $47.4 million, against the estimated range of $40 million to $60 million. It was initially bought by art advisor Jude Hess, but Sotheby’s reopened the lot later in the sale; it ultimately sold for $1 million less than she had bid. It was unclear whether the unusual move was due to a case of buyer’s remorse; Sotheby’s couldn’t immediately explain what happened.


While some experts had worried in the run-up to the sale that the top-quality collection might fail to attract the same level of excitement as hot, in-demand emerging artists have in recent months, the heavyweight prices proved that the top of the market has emerged from lockdown strong, even if the air up there is comparatively thin.

Sotheby’s worked hard to ensure it would deliver. In addition to lining up a phalanx of guarantees, the auction house sent the works on tour to Taipei, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Shanghai, London, Los Angeles, and Paris before they arrived in New York. (Once they got there, the company also invited music stars and social-media influencers for a private tour.) More than 27,000 people attended the previews around the world.


The scene at Sotheby’s Macklowe Collection sale. Photo: Katya Kazakina.

Sotheby’s has six more auctions to go this week, offering over $400 million worth of art. Rival Christie’s generated $1.1 billion from its series of sales last week.

But it’s the Macklowe auction for which this season will be remembered. The sheer number of masterpieces offered at once was unprecedented, according to Oliver Barker, the evening’s auctioneer.

“Tonight was the kind of sale auctioneers dream about,” he said after the event. “It’s probably a once-in-a-lifetime experience.”

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Japan experts craft 'super clone' of destroyed Afghan mural




Japan experts craft 'super clone' of destroyed Afghan muralA replica of a Buddhist mural destroyed by the Taliban is intended to salvage the work's "spirit" for future generations 
(AFP/Charly TRIBALLEAU)

Shingo ITO
Tue, November 16, 2021

Japanese researchers have crafted a "super clone" of an Afghan mural destroyed by the Taliban, using a mix of traditional and digital techniques that they hope will salvage the work's "spirit" for future generations.

Not a single fragment remains of the seventh-century cave painting demolished in 2001 along with two massive Buddha statues and other artefacts in Afghanistan's Bamiyan valley, sparking global condemnation.

But a precise replica, the result of three years of state-of-the-art reproduction efforts, went on display at a museum in Tokyo in September and October, just weeks after the Taliban returned to power in Kabul.

The mural on the ceiling of a cave near the famous statues depicted a blue Bodhisattva -- or someone on the path to becoming a Buddha.

At six metres long and three metres high (20 by 10 feet), the intricate full-size copy has been dubbed a "super clone" by the reproduction team at Tokyo University of the Arts.

"We have succeeded in recreating a very precise representation in three dimensions," from its texture to the type of paint, said the team's co-leader Takashi Inoue.

Japan is a major donor to Afghanistan and has long been involved in heritage protection efforts at Bamiyan, a crossroads of ancient civilisations considered to be one of the birthplaces of Japanese Buddhism.

The team digitally processed more than 100 photographs taken by Japanese archaeologists of the mural before it was desecrated, to create a computerised model of its surface.


They then fed this data into a machine, which carved the exact shape into a styrofoam block.

To complete the replica, artists applied a traditional paint in a lapis lazuli shade similar to the one used for the original mural.

Through this process, "we can reproduce designs that are very close to the real ones again and again, to hand down their spirit to future generations," said Inoue, a professor specialised in Eurasian cultural heritage.

"Let's stop vandalism. Let's preserve priceless culture -- the heritage of mankind -- together."



Other items related to Bamiyan and Afghan Buddhism were also on display at the university
 (AFP/Charly TRIBALLEAU)

- 'Everything can be digitalised' -


Days ahead of the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan in August, the Taliban overran Kabul, sparking fears of a return to their brutal reign of 1996 to 2001.

The new regime insists it wants to protect archaeological heritage from destruction.

For historian Kosaku Maeda, a co-leader of the Tokyo reproduction team, the "massively shocking" images of the giant Buddhas disappearing into clouds of dust are still a vivid memory.

"I was worried that such an act would be inflicted on the remains once again," said the 88-year-old, who has visited the valley repeatedly for more than half a century.

But their work shows that vandalism is "meaningless" in the face of modern technology, as "everything can be digitalised", he said.

On a recent visit to Bamiyan by AFP journalists, Taliban gunmen stood guarding the rock cavities that once housed the two Buddha statues.

Construction work on a $20-million UNESCO-backed cultural centre and museum was still under way in Bamiyan when the AFP team visited the area in October -- although its planned inauguration this year was delayed by the Taliban takeover.

Maeda said his dream is to build a separate "peace museum" in the valley and, if possible, display the replica cave painting there.

"We can't put it back in its original place, but I want to bring it to Bamiyan as a historical legacy that local people can inherit," said Maeda, also a member of UNESCO's committee for the safeguarding of Afghan cultural heritage.

"A nation stays alive when its culture stays alive," he added, reciting the message written on a banner hung at the entrance of the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul.

si/kaf/ser
Bolsonaro govt accused of censoring Brazil school exam


Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro came under fire amid accusations his government censored questions on Brazil's high school exit exam (AFP/EVARISTO SA


Tue, November 16, 2021

President Jair Bolsonaro brushed off controversy over allegations his government censored questions on Brazil's high school exit exam, saying he was proud the test was now starting to "resemble this administration."

The comments came during the president's trip to Dubai Monday.

The far-right president has long criticized what he sees as left-wing bias in the National Secondary Education Examination, or ENEM, the standardized test Brazilian students take at the end of high school that plays a key part in gaining admission to university.

The row erupted last week when 37 education ministry officials resigned weeks from the test, scheduled for November 21 and 28.


Some alleged Sunday in a TV interview, speaking on condition of anonymity, that their superiors had forced them to change exam questions, subjecting them to "intolerable pressure" and harassment.

One said their boss had demanded more than 20 questions be removed from the 180-question exam, which features mostly multiple-choice questions in math, science, history, language and other subjects.

"They were mainly questions that dealt with the country's recent history," the ex-official told Globo television, saying two new versions of the test then had to be drafted.

But Education Minister Milton Ribeiro pushed back against the accusations, telling CNN Brazil that the test's questions are set in a "technical rather than ideological" style that is "neither leftist nor right-wing."

"There is no way to interfere," Ribeiro said. "The idea that there would be interference (on the test) is a narrative from those who would like to politicize education. Education does not have a party."

Bolsonaro has often attacked perceived political and cultural bias in the ENEM, accusations which education experts reject.

Shortly after winning the 2018 presidential election, he lashed out at a question about LGBT history, saying, "Don't worry, next year there won't be any more questions like that."

Last January, he criticized a question about the large salary difference between the biggest stars of Brazilian men's and women's football, Neymar and Marta.


"There are still some ridiculous questions, comparing a woman and a man playing football. There's no comparison. Women's football still isn't a reality in Brazil," he said.

The all-time leading goal scorer in World Cup tournaments -- men's or women's -- Marta has been named the world's best player six times.

Downplaying the latest controversy, Bolsonaro said during a trip to Dubai that he considered changing the exam an accomplishment.

"The questions on the ENEM are starting to resemble this administration," he said
.

The comment caused outcry in Brazil, leading opposition lawmakers to announce they would order Ribeiro to appear before Congress to answer to allegations of government censorship of the exam.

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BABA IS BEST
It's official: Science says grannies are good for you


A grandmother carries her laughing granddaugher outside the tourist hotspot of Yangshou in southern China (AFP/PETER PARKS)

Issam AHMED
Tue, November 16, 2021, 

Scientists say they have proven what many people fortunate enough to grow up with theirs have known all along: Grandmothers have strong nurturing instincts and are hard-wired to care deeply about their grandchildren.

A new study published in the Royal Society B on Tuesday is the first to provide a neural snapshot of the cherished intergenerational bond.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers at Emory University in the southern US state of Georgia scanned the brains of 50 grandmothers who were shown pictures of their grandchildren, who were between three and 12 years old.

As a control, they were also shown pictures of an unknown child, an adult parent of the same sex as their grandchild, and an unknown adult.

"They recruited areas of the brain that are involved with emotional empathy, and also areas of the brain that are involved in movement and motor simulation and preparation," James Rilling, an anthropologist and neuroscientist who led the study told AFP.

"When they're viewing these pictures of their grandchild, they're really feeling what the grandchild is feeling. So when the child is expressing joy, they're feeling that joy. When the children are expressing distress, they're feeling that distress."

The same motor related regions of the brain also light up in the brains of mothers, and are thought to be related to the instinct to pick up a child or approach and interact with them.

By contrast, when the grandmothers viewed images of their adult children, there was a stronger activation of brain regions linked to cognitive empathy -- trying to understand what a person is thinking or feeling and why, without as much emotional engagement.

This, said Rilling, might be linked to children's cute appearance -- scientifically known as "baby schema," which the young of many species share in order to evoke a caregiving response.

- First of its kind study -

Unlike other primates, humans are "cooperative breeders," which means mothers get help in rearing offspring.

Rilling, who had previously conducted similar research on fathers, had wanted to turn his attention toward grandmothers in order to explore a theory in anthropology known as the "grandmother hypothesis."

This holds that the evolutionary reason that human females tend to live long lives -- well beyond their own reproductive years -- is to provide benefits to their grown offspring and grandchildren.

Evidence supporting the hypothesis has been found in societies including Hadza hunter-gatherers of northern Tanzania, where grandmothers provide nourishing tubers to their grandchildren.

The effect also been seen in other species such as elephants, and has been observed in orcas, which like humans -- but unlike the vast majority of mammals -- also experience menopause.

"This is really the first look at the grand maternal brain," said Rilling, explaining that brain scan studies on the elderly normally focus on studying conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

The grandmothers, who were drawn from the Atlanta, Georgia area and came from a cross-section of economic and racial backgrounds, were also asked to fill out questionnaires.

Grandmothers who reported a greater desire to be involved with caring had greater activity in brain regions of interest.

Finally, when comparing the new study with the results from his earlier work on fathers, Rilling found that overall, grandmothers more strongly activated regions involved with emotional empathy and motivation.

But he stressed that this finding was only an average and doesn't necessarily apply to any given individual.

Rilling also interviewed each of his subjects to get a sense about the challenges and rewards of being a grandparent.

"Consistently, the challenge that came up the most was the differences of opinion they would have with the parents in terms of how the grandchildren should be raised -- their values, and the constant struggle to step back from that," he said.

On the other hand, "We joked about it, but a lot of them talked about how you can give the grandchildren back, it's not a full time job," he said.

Many grandmothers felt they could be more present now that they were free of the time and financial pressure they experienced when raising their own children.

"So a lot of them reported actually enjoying being a grandmother more than they enjoyed being a mother," he said.

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WOMEN WRITE!
Wikipedia editor 'warriors' fight lies, bigotry and even Nazis
AFP 

False Covid death reports, a vast gender gap, Nazi "fan fiction": These are some of the perils an international crowd of volunteers battle across Wikipedia’s tens of millions of online entries. 
© Lionel BONAVENTURE Wikipedia's volunteer editors help police its tens of millions of articles

The world's largest internet encyclopedia is often the first result to pop up when users ask the internet a question -- and thus a massively influential source of free information but which also reflects humanity's faults

.
© JOSH EDELSON Ksenia Coffman helps edit Wikipedia articles, and has battled to clarify war history on the platform

With entries that can in theory be written by anyone with an internet connection -- in some 300 languages -- it comes down to editing by mostly anonymous volunteers to police the site.

"I always carry my laptop along wherever I go, to edit Wikipedia," said Alaa Najjar, who is based in the Middle East, but asked that specific details about his identity be omitted to protect his privacy.

© Handout This undated handout photo shows Wikipedia volunteer editor Rebecca O'Neil, who has worked to close the gender gap among posts on the platform

"It is an addiction, as my friends say. I prefer to say it's my passion," he told AFP by email

Najjar said he contributes to almost 500 entries a week, and as a medical doctor he has been busy fighting a flood of false information unleashed during the pandemic.

Among the strains of misinformation that surfaced on Wikipedia, he has spotted false reports Covid-19 had killed notable people and inaccurate boosting of some nations' death and case numbers.

"I reviewed hundreds of articles during the Covid-19 pandemic, and rejected many misleading or erroneous amendments," said Najjar, who got the platform's top honor in 2021 for his work.

The 20-year-old encyclopedia -- which even has an article devoted to its own controversies -- has received positive accolades in recent years for its fact-checking capacities.

Though it's a sprawling platform, the site does not seek to make money and so avoids the profit-over-safety criticism that has battered Facebook, for example.

Instead, Wikipedia has volunteers who are deeply invested in the site's stated mission of providing access to a written compendium of all branches of human knowledge.

Of course, it can be a thankless job to kick dubious reports off the platform.

"One particular editor called me a 'vandal' for removing unsourced information," said Ksenia Coffman, who has battled what she termed "fan fiction" about World War II on Wikipedia, including how Nazis and German generals were depicted.

A strand of writing that ignores historical context regarding war-time atrocities such the Holocaust, and instead romanticizes German forces, has influenced a subculture that has found its way to the platform.

"Why am I getting pushback when I am trying to correct this to remove these unsourced globs of text that just glorify these supposed Nazi war heroes?" asked Coffman, who lives in California but grew up in the Soviet Union and contributes around 200 edits per month.

She said the pushback from the subculture's believers as well as from editors who didn't like to be challenged was a "tactical mistake" by her detractors that in fact motivated her to stick around and take on the issue.

And other dark spots in human history have a way of popping up on Wikipedia, too.

Women have been less well-covered than men in published written works in general, which creates a barrier to women appearing in equal numbers to men in Wikipedia's articles.

The platform requires reliable, published sources from news outlets or academia to underpin an article, noted Dublin-based volunteer editor Rebecca O'Neill.

"Wikipedia is an uncomfortable mirror to show the world because it reflects back all of the systemic knowledge gaps that we have," she said, adding that she puts in about 40 minutes per day on the platform.

In 2015 it became clear that only 15 percent of English language biographies on the platform were about women, sparking an effort to try to balance out the disparity. Six years later, the figure has risen to over 19 percent, said O'Neill.

Last year she was writing Wikipedia articles at the clip of one per day, and in the ratio of 19 biographies on women for every one she did about a man.

"I as an individual can offer something. I'm just going to set aside the time and just do it and not turn it over too much in my head," she added. "It's something I can do."

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LGBTQ RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS
Suicides among gay men decline as countries become more tolerant


Risk of depression and suicidal thoughts was significantly lower after gay and bisexual men moved to a lower-stigma country, a new study found. Photo by StockSnap/Pixabay

A new study confirms that when a country is more accepting of people who are LGBTQ, fewer gay or bisexual men take their own lives.

In a new study, researchers compared life in a country where LGBTQ folks encounter strong stigma with that in a country where stigma against them is low. The upshot: The risk of depression and suicide dropped significantly when gay men moved to a more tolerant country.

"The study shows that structural stigma shaped gay and bisexual men's daily lives and mental health by increasing their risks for social isolation, concealment of their identity, and internalized homonegativity," said lead author John Pachankis. He is director of the LGBTQ Mental Health Initiative at the Yale School of Public Health in New Haven, Conn.

The risk of depression and suicidal thoughts was significantly lower after gay and bisexual men moved to a lower-stigma country, especially after they lived there for five years or more, the study found.

For the study, the researchers used data from a 2017-2018 online survey completed by more than 123,000 people in 48 Asian and European countries. Most were gay or bisexual men. A smaller number were men who identified as heterosexual or another identity who had sex with men.

The team used 15 laws and policies relating to LGBTQ rights, and social attitudes to gauge structural stigma.

More than 11,000 study participants had moved from higher- to lower-stigma countries, the study authors noted in a news release from the American Psychological Association.

The survey asked about the extent to which they felt compelled to conceal their sexual orientation, internalized negative attitudes they held toward homosexuality and how isolated they felt socially.

A lack of legal recognition of relationships, such as same-sex marriage, was one of the most common forms of structural stigma in the higher-stigma countries, the study found.

Men who moved to lower-stigma countries were more likely to do so in order to live openly as LGBTQ and to seek asylum than men who moved from lower- to higher-stigma countries, the survey revealed.

Surprisingly, the researchers did not find an increased risk for suicidal thoughts and depression in gay and bisexual men who moved from lower- to higher-stigma countries. That finding suggested that growing up in a more tolerant society may have had some lasting mental health benefits, the team said.

Past research in the United States is similar, finding that LGBTQ people who live in states where hate crime and employment non-discrimination laws lack protections based on sexual orientation have significantly poorer mental health.

Pachankis suggested that mental health professionals working in high-stigma environments can help by advocating for reforms while also addressing the social isolation and mental health of LGBTQ clients.

The findings were published online Nov. 15 in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

More information

PFLAG has a list of crisis intervention hotlines for people who are LGBTQ and in crisis.

SOURCE: American Psychological Association, news release, Nov. 15, 2021

Copyright 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
LGBTQ RITES ARE HUMAN RIGHTS
Pastor of Brazil's first trans church preaches inclusion





Chanel, the pastor of Brazil's first trans church, is seen on October 25, 2021
 (AFP/Miguel SCHINCARIOL)

Florence GOISNARD, Anna PELEGRI
Tue, November 16, 2021, 

When her mother asked an Evangelical pastor to "cure" her transgenderism at age 13, Jacque Chanel never imagined she would one day be an Evangelical pastor herself.

But four decades later, she leads the first trans church in Brazil, a small, colorful sanctuary in Sao Paulo that welcomes worshippers beneath a blue-and-pink banner that reads, "I am trans, and I want dignity and respect."

Many who attend her services are homeless, in a country that is often hostile and violent to members of the LGBT community. Brazil is one of the deadliest countries in the world for trans people, with 175 murdered last year.

"We live in a society that mistreats us, that discriminates against us. What I do here is give hope and empowerment to trans people," says Chanel, 56, who launched the church recently in an aging building in the center of Brazil's economic capital.

Chanel -- she chose her first name in homage to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and her surname for the French luxury brand -- leads services that are themselves a break with tradition.

Worshippers sit in circles, not rows, and hold hands as she prays. She opens her palms as she addresses them, looking out through her rectangular glasses with the firm gaze of someone who has learned her lessons the hard way.

"I suffered a lot to get here," she says.

- Exorcising demons -

Chanel was born "Ricardo," in the city of Belem, in the northern state of Para, where her mother saw her transgenderism as an illness and placed her in the care of an Evangelical pastor.

She remembers him as a father-like figure.

"He didn't accept me being transgender, but at least he respected me," she says.

But her life was upturned again when she learned he had been murdered. Without him, she was no longer welcome in his church.

Brazil's burgeoning Evangelical Christian movement -- around 30 percent of the country's 213 million people -- is largely conservative, and can be hostile to those perceived as violating traditional family values.

That did not stop Chanel from spending years in search of a church that would embrace her.

"They wouldn't have me. They would place a hand on my head and try to exorcise the evil spirits," she says.

When she moved to Sao Paulo, she started attending church with a group of other LGBT community members.

"We would always stay in the back, until one day during services the pastor called us to the front. It was to kick us out," she says.

Determined not to give up her faith, she kept trying different churches, until she found a group of "inclusive Evangelicals," a movement that emerged in the 2000s to welcome LGBT Christians.

"It changed my life. But then it started to seem unjust. There were 300 gays and lesbians, and only two transgender people," she says.

"Is that really inclusive?"

She convinced the movement to let her start her own worship group, which gathered some 200 young trans people, and to ordain her as a pastor.


- Changing minds -


Chanel opened her church six months ago, at first online, then with in-person services.

She welcomes worshippers with a meal, and also hands out food donations once a week to the poor in central Sao Paulo, whose numbers have grown with the economic turmoil caused by the coronavirus pandemic.

"When I go into a Catholic church, loads of people look at me, especially when I take communion," says one worshipper, 42-year-old Vanessa Souza.

"Here is different. Nobody looks at me, nobody scrutinizes my clothes or calls me 'transvestite.' I feel at home."

Chanel says her services have been attacked as "satanic" by conservative Evangelicals online. But her doors are open to all.

"Trans or not, I invite everyone to our weekly services. We are open to everyone," she says.

She is awaiting her turn for gender confirmation surgery. Sao Paulo's Hospital das Clinicas has a waiting list of more than 1,000 people for the procedure, and performs just one per month.

Chanel is in no hurry for another change, though: she has kept the name Ricardo on her official ID.

"It gives me a chance to teach people every time someone asks the question," she says.

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