Tuesday, January 11, 2022

Coronavirus pandemic in Africa: Two years after first deaths due to virus

Issued on: 11/01/2022 

Africa has registered a total of more than 10 million coronavirus cases since the beginning of the pandemic, according to figures from the African Union's health watchdog. Vaccine uptake in Africa, home to nearly 1.2 billion people, has been low, due to poor access to jabs and some vaccine hesitancy. FRANCE 24's Nadine Theron reports from Cape Town, South Africa.

U.S. sets new COVID hospitalization record, signaling Omicron surge could be less mild than experts hoped


·West Coast Correspondent

The U.S. set a new COVID-19 hospitalization record Monday, exceeding 140,000 patients for the first time since the start of the pandemic — a warning sign, experts say, that the nation’s Omicron surge is already more severe than in other countries and will only get worse as it spreads from highly vaccinated cities to less protected parts of the U.S.

America’s previous.hospitalization peak came on Jan. 6, 2021, when 139,781 COVID patients were hospitalized nationwide, according to New York Times data. But that was several months before a mass vaccination effort kicked in and shielded recipients from the vast majority of severe disease.

On Monday, the number of Americans hospitalized with COVID-19 hit 142,388.

Word of a new U.S. hospitalization record may surprise Americans who have repeatedly heard that the hypermutated Omicron variant — which has triggered an unprecedented wave of breakthrough cases in vaccinated and previously infected individuals — is ultimately milder because it’s less likely to seriously sicken those who catch it.

“I think people have fixated on this idea that it’s mild,” New York University epidemiologist CĂ©line Gounder recently told New York magazine. “Mild means mild — relatively mild — for the individual who’s infected. But it does not necessarily mean mild at a population level.”

The new U.S. hospitalization numbers — including rising ICU admissions in the cities Omicron has struck first — suggest just that: If even a milder variant infects enough people, the resulting surge can be anything but “mild.”

The problem, as Gounder and others have pointed out, is twofold.

First, there is a ton of virus circulating right now, with an average number of new daily cases (the current 7-day average stands at 677,243) that’s nearly three times higher than ever before. Virologist Trevor Bedford of the Fred Hutchinson institute in Seattle has calculated that tests are now catching just one in four or five U.S. infections — which means that Omicron is actually infecting more than 3 million Americans each day.

Medical staff treat a COVID patient
Medical staff treat a COVID patient at Western Reserve Hospital in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. (Shannon Stapleton/Reuters)

Second, this once unthinkable level of spread guarantees that Omicron is finding as many people at increased risk of hospitalization as possible: the entirely unvaccinated (83 million Americans); the vaccinated but unboosted (132 million Americans); and especially seniors who are not boosted (26 million) or even fully vaccinated (7 million) and who remain most susceptible to severe disease.

Then, just like earlier versions of the virus, Omicron is sending far too many of them — nearly all of whom are unvaccinated or undervaccinated — to the hospital.

“If a lot of people get infected, even if it’s a relatively benign virus, enough of those people will still [get] hospitalized and die that this is really going to be very overwhelming for the health care system,” Grounder explained.

Not all of the news about U.S. hospitalizations is grim. Doctors are reporting fewer patients on ventilators and shorter hospital stays in comparison to past waves, data that is consistent with higher population immunity and a variant that doesn’t latch onto lung cells as well as its predecessors. And data from various states show a significant fraction of COVID-19 patients tested positive “incidentally” upon admission for some other ailment, meaning that Omicron isn’t the thing that’s making them sick enough to seek care.

Unfortunately, as New York City emergency room doctor Craig Spencer explained Monday on Twitter, “entering the hospital WITH Covid versus FOR Covid isn’t a relevant distinction if the hospital doesn’t have the beds or providers needed to care for its patients. And the distinction isn’t always clear even to providers. Nor does it matter practically.”

“Every Covid + patient requires the same isolation to protect other patients from getting infected,” Spencer continued. “They require the same use of PPE. And they all represent another infection risk to providers. Most importantly they all require the same space in a bed. And that’s in short supply.”

In a New York Times op-ed published Monday titled, “As an E.R. Doctor, I Fear Health Care Collapse More Than Omicron,” Spencer elaborated on why U.S. hospitals trying to treat more than 140,000 COVID-19 patients at once represents an “unfolding tragedy.”

Among the reasons he mentioned: “‘classic’ COVID-19 patients, short of breath and needing oxygen,” all of whom are unvaccinated; “elderly patients for whom Covid rendered them too weak to get out of bed”; “people with diabetes in whom the virus caused serious and potentially fatal complications”; and on top of that “many hospitals [now] seeing their highest levels of employee infections of the pandemic,” with some having “lost 15 percent of their workforce or more.”

Medical workers confer in the ICU ward
Medical workers confer in the ICU ward at UMass Memorial Medical Center in Worcester, Mass.(Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images)

“The Omicron surge is real — and even if Omicron is ‘milder,’ it's not mild,” Spencer concluded on Twitter. “It causes severe disease half as often as Delta, but infects 2-4x as many people, potentially washing out any potential 'benefit.’”

The data from early U.S. Omicron hot spots is starting to bear this out. In Chicago, hospitalizations have surpassed 150 percent of last winter’s peak; today, there are already more Chicagoans in the ICU or on ventilators than there were one year ago.

Hospitalizations have also topped last winter’s highs in New York City and Washington, D.C. — and ICU and ventilator numbers are following the same, nearly vertical trajectory.

Initially, experts were encouraged by reports out of London showing that “despite steep rises in cases and patients, the number on ventilators has barely risen,” as Financial Times data journalist John Burn-Murdoch tweeted last Tuesday. Meanwhile, Burn-Murdoch continued, “the number of people in London ICUs has fallen in recent weeks, and is not following the same path as last winter.”

The hope was that the pattern would repeat itself in the U.S. because of Omicron’s relative mildness. But it hasn’t. Before Omicron arrived, the number of U.S. COVID patients in the ICU (per capita) was about twice as high as the number of U.K. COVID patients in the ICU. Today, two months later, that disparity is more than five times as high. While the U.K.’s ICU curve has remained flat, the U.S. curve has gone up about 100 percent — to the point where it’s just 21 percent lower than last winter’s pre-vaccination peak.

Why? Former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has theorized that “lower U.S. vax/booster rates” may be to blame.

“U.S. decoupling between cases, hospitalizations, deaths, while measurable vs prior waves, isn't as strong as UK; perhaps due to lower U.S. vax/booster rates (50% eligible adults boosted),” Gottlieb tweeted Sunday. “Our protracted wrangling over boosters may have sowed confusion, sapping consumer interest.”

Indeed, while America’s two-dose vaccination rate (62 percent of the total population) is somewhat lower than the U.K.’s (69 percent), its boosted rate is less than half as high: 23 percent here vs. 52 percent thereU.K. data shows that three vaccine doses prevent 88 percent of Omicron hospitalizations while two vaccine doses prevent just 52 percent.

At the ICU ward at UMass medical center
At the ICU ward at UMass medical center. (Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images)

What this means for U.S. Omicron deaths remains to be seen. A New York Times analysis published Monday shows the trajectory of COVID deaths rising steeply in New York City, Boston and Washington, D.C. — and tracking closely with the trajectory of cases from three weeks earlier. (It typically takes a terminal COVID patient about that long to succumb to the disease.)

And while those cities have been suffering fewer deaths per case so far this winter than last, they’re also reporting far more cases now than there were then — more than six times as many per day in New York City, for instance. Once the worst of those cases work their way through the overloaded hospital system, the absolute number of deaths may also wind up being higher this winter.

On the other hand, the deadlier Delta variant was already spurring its own wave in the Northeast when Omicron took hold. So, lingering Delta cases may be making Omicron look worse than it is.

Either way, the next few weeks will see Omicron spreading from cities like New York, where 74 percent of the population is fully vaccinated, to places like Mississippi, where just 49 percent of the population is fully vaccinated — and where COVID cases have increased by 702 percent over the last two weeks, more than any other state.

In fact, every state where Omicron is now spreading the fastest is a low-vax state like Mississippi: Texas (+678 percent), South Carolina (+652 percent), Kentucky (+578 percent), Louisiana (+546 percent), Arkansas (+526 percent) and Alabama (+522 percent).

“As Omicron advances into less vaccinated rural regions with more limited health systems capacity, it will overwhelm already strained hospitals, exacerbate sharp rural disparities in COVID deaths, and further constrain access to non-COVID care,” Anne Sosin, a public health researcher at Dartmouth College, predicted Monday.

Meanwhile, 20 percent of hospitals in a state like Maryland are reporting staff shortages — and the COVID-19 Hospital Capacity Circuit Breaker dashboard shows that every single county there appears to have reached or exceeded its hospital capacity.

“I can attest the situation in Maryland is [expletive] horrendous,” one physician wrote to the dashboard’s creator. “The state has been maxed out for about 2 weeks. Multiple hospitals are operating under crisis standard of care. EMS [i.e. ambulances] is now so taxed that Baltimore County started transporting people in fire trucks last week. This is absolutely unheard of and absurd. Reports of people waiting over 1-2 hours on scene with fire fighters before an EMS unit gets there. Then when they get to the hospital they wait literally hours for a bed. Transfer centers now just laugh when you call, the system is so backlogged. It’s mind-boggling to me how none of this has been national news.”

US on 'threshold' of living with coronavirus: Fauci

Top US scientist Anthony Fauci said personal attacks by Senator Rand Paul distracted from the important work of tackling the pandemic, and made him a personal target for violence 
(AFP/Greg Nash)

Issam AHMED
Tue, January 11, 2022

Despite soaring cases and record-high Covid-19 hospitalizations, the United States is approaching the "threshold" of transitioning to living with the coronavirus as a manageable disease, Anthony Fauci said Tuesday.

Speaking to the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the top US scientist said eliminating Covid was unrealistic and that "Omicron, with its extraordinary, unprecedented degree of efficiency of transmissibility, will ultimately find just about everybody."

"There's no way we're going to eradicate this" virus, he said, given its contagiousness, its propensity to mutate into new variants and the large pool of unvaccinated people.

Those up to date with their vaccines remain well protected against severe outcomes, but vaccine efficacy against infection has fallen.

But "as Omicron goes up and down," the country will hopefully enter a new phase "where there'll be enough protection in (the) community, enough drugs available so that when someone does get infected and is in a high risk group, it will be very easy to treat that person," said Fauci.


"When we get there, there's that transition, and we may be on the threshold of that right now," he said, while also stressing that with the country currently recording almost a million infections a day, nearly 150,000 people in hospital and more than 1,200 daily deaths, "we're not at that point."

Official data showed there are currently 145,982 Covid hospitalizations, even though a significant percent are thought to be hospitalized "with" the disease rather than because of it.

Earlier, the 81-year-old director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases slammed vaccine skeptic Republican Senator Rand Paul for unleashing "crazies" who were threatening his life and harassing his family, in unusually emotional congressional testimony.

President Joe Biden's top officials, including his chief medical advisor Fauci, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) director Rochelle Walenksy and acting Food and Drug Administration (FDA) head Janet Woodcock were summoned to testify before the Senate about the pandemic.

While many fellow lawmakers focused their questions on the lack of adequate testing and confusing new guidelines on how infected people should end their isolation, Paul, who has railed against vaccine mandates and refused to get vaccinated, said Fauci was personally to blame for people's deaths.

Paul faulted Fauci for hundreds of thousands of deaths that occurred since Biden took office -- although the vast majority of those fatalities were unvaccinated and health officials, including Fauci, have consistently advocated for vaccines.

- 'Kindles the crazies' -


"You personally attack me and with absolutely not a shred of evidence of anything you say," Fauci responded.

"All of a sudden that kindles the crazies out there and I have life threats upon my life, harassment of my family and my children with obscene phone calls."

Fauci recalled that in late December, a man was arrested on his way from California to the capital Washington armed with an AR-15 assault weapon and multiple rounds of ammunition.

The man said he wanted to kill Fauci, because of what he said was blood on the scientists' hands.

Fauci then brandished a printout from Paul's website that showed the banner "Fire Dr Fauci" next to an invitation to donate to the Republican's campaign.

Though Omicron causes severe cases at a lower rate than Delta, it is reaching more people because of its extreme infectiousness.

By December 27, the age-adjusted vaccine efficacy against hospitalization was 92 percent, according to data from New York state.

ia/sw
Omicron pushing Covid out of pandemic phase: EU agency


The Omicron variant of Covid-19 was first reported in South Africa in November
 (AFP/Lionel BONAVENTURE)

Tue, January 11, 2022, 

The spread of the Omicron variant is pushing Covid towards being an endemic disease that humanity can live with, although it remains a pandemic for now, the EU's drug watchdog said Tuesday.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) also expressed doubts about giving a fourth vaccine shot to the general population, saying repeated boosters were not a "sustainable" strategy.

"Nobody knows exactly when we will be at the end of the tunnel but we will be there," Marco Cavaleri, head of vaccine strategy at the Amsterdam-based regulator, told journalists.

"With the increase of immunity in population -- and with Omicron, there will be a lot of natural immunity taking place on top of vaccination -- we will be fast moving towards a scenario that will be closer to endemicity," he added.

But he stressed that "we should not forget we are still in a pandemic", noting the huge burden on healthcare from the surge in Omicron.

The World Health Organization said earlier Tuesday that more than half of people in Europe were on track to catch the variant in the next two months.

The WHO also warned that repeated Covid boosters were not a viable strategy, comments the EU's medicines regulator echoed.

"If we have a strategy in which we give boosters every four months, we will end up potentially having problems with immune response," the EMA's Cavaleri said.

"And secondly of course there is the risk of fatigue in the population with continuous administration of boosters."

Countries should instead start thinking about spacing out boosters at longer intervals, and synchronising them with the start of the cold season in the way that flu vaccines are currently administered, Cavaleri said.

The EMA separately said that studies had confirmed that despite being more infectious, the risk of hospitalisation from the Omicron variant was between one third and one half of that posed by the Delta strain.

dk/jj
Third Covid infection for Bolivian VP who touts traditional medicine


An Aymara woman hold medicinal plants as she takes part in a march against decrees that make the Covid-19 vaccination pass compulsory at public places, in La Paz, on January 10, 2022
 (AFP/Jorge BERNAL)

Tue, January 11, 2022,

Bolivia's vice president David Choquehuanca, who touts indigenous treatments for Covid-19, has contracted the virus for a third time, the government said Tuesday, with six government ministers also testing positive.

All are self-isolating and working from home, with no major symptoms, the president's office said in a statement. All had been vaccinated against the coronavirus, although Choquehuanca -- a member of the Aymara indigenous group -- has had only one jab.

Last month, he revealed he had contracted Covid-19 twice, and recovered after taking what he called traditional medicine.

Choquehuanca said he had consumed a mixture of turmeric, ginger, onion, garlic, and honey in the mornings, as well as honey with lemon.

He said he chewed coca leaves mixed with bicarbonate, an ancient practice among Bolivia's Aymara and Quechua indigenous groups who have largely resisted coronavirus vaccines.

"Coca with 'bico' (bicarbonate), that’s very good," he told a local radio channel, adding "I’ve even eaten grass."

The politician claimed at the time to have acquired immunity through infection, the "natural" way.

But he said he would get a vaccine to put an end to the controversy about his unjabbed status, as Bolivia's opposition urged him to set an example amid a fourth infection wave sweeping the country.

Choquehuanca got his first jab, with China's Sinopharm vaccine, on January 3, just days after his radio interview.

The others infected included Foreign Minister Rogelio Mayta, who tested positive in Argentina after taking part in a meeting of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the government said.

His peers in the portfolios of defense, development planning, justice, education and the ministry of government, have also tested positive.

Bolivia has registered some 686,000 coronavirus infections and almost 20,000 deaths among its nearly 12 million inhabitants.

jac/llu/mlr/dw
Quebec seeks to tax the unvaxxed as Omicron hits


















Tuesday, January 11, 2022

MONTREAL, Canada (AFP)— The Canadian province of Quebec, struggling to control the Omicron variant, will impose a new health tax in the coming weeks on those who are not vaccinated against COVID-19.

"We are working on a health contribution for all the adults who are refusing to get vaccinated" because they represent a "financial burden for all Quebecois," said Quebec Premier Francois Legault.

The 10 per cent of Quebecois who have not yet received any vaccine doses must not "harm" the 90 per cent who have, he said.

"It is not on all Quebecois to pay for that," he said during a press conference, specifying that the government of the French-speaking province wanted the tax to represent a "significant amount".

"I feel this discontent with regard to the unvaccinated minority which, all things considered, clogs our hospitals," he said.

The Quebec premier explained that these 10 per cent of unvaccinated adults represent 50 per cent of people in intensive care, calling it a "shocking" situation.

He said that those who are unvaccinated for medical reasons will be exempt from the move.

In an attempt to stem the new wave, Quebec announced on December 30 the return of certain restrictions, including a 10 pm curfew and a ban on private gatherings.

In total, 2,742 people with COVID are hospitalised and some 255 people are in intensive care in Quebec, which has about 8 million inhabitants.

Hospitalisations also continue to increase in neighbouring province Ontario, the most populous in Canada, with 3,220 people hospitalised and 477 people in intensive care.
KILLER KOPS USA
At least 1,124 people were killed by police in 2021, according to an online database, and there were only 15 days last year when police didn't kill anyone



At least 1,124 people were killed by police in 2021, according to an online database, and there were only 15 days last year when police didn't kill anyone

Taiyler Simone Mitchell
Mon, January 10, 2022, 5:19 PM·2 min read


GARDENA, CALIFORNIA JUNE 20, 2020-People stand in unity at a Black Lives Matter Los Angeles rally to call for justice in the fatal shooting of KennethRoss Jr., who was shot by a Gardena police officer in2018.Wally Skalij/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images

Police killed people on all but 15 days in 2021, according to data by Mapping Police Violence.

At least 1,124 people died due to police violence last year, according to the database.

The majority of killings occurred during non-violent offenses or when there was no crime at all.


The sisters of Carl Dorsey III described their brother as a truck driver looking to start his own trucking business, according to local digital news outlet NJ.com.

Dorsey — whose nickname was Turtle — was a father of four who was loved by his community, Nyeemah Dorsey-Bey and Madinah Person told the outlet.

On the first day of 2021, Dorsey, a 39-year-old unarmed Black man, was shot and killed by Newark Detective Rod Simpkins in South Orange, New Jersey.

There were no police shootings in Newark throughout 2020.

"So apparently, all of 2020 went by without any police shootings or killings [in New Jersey] for that matter," Person told the Jersey outlet. "But as soon as the clock hit 2021, the first person that they killed was my brother."

Across the US, 1,124 people were killed by police in 2021 — including Daunte Wright, Valentina Orellana-Peralta, and Ma'Khia Bryant — according to Mapping Police Violence, a nonprofit organization that tracks police killings. The Washington Post estimates that 888 of them were killed by gunfire.

Researchers with the Mapping Police Violence Project collected online data using media reports and nationwide data tracking from Fatal Encounters — a comprehensive and impartial database of those killed in police encounters — to account for police killings and information on each of the cases. It is updated weekly.

There were only 15 days throughout the year where a person was not killed by the police, according to the data.

The data also highlights that most of the police killings occurred during a traffic stop, a mental health check, a disturbance, while someone was being accused of a nonviolent offense, or when no crime was occurring at all.


"Despite talk of change, the data shows police have not reduced killings of civilians. And in some cities — like Los Angeles — killings by police have more than doubled," Samuel Sinyangwe, co-founder of Mapping Police Violence, told Insider in an email.

Representatives from the National Police Association, the National Police Organization, and the National Association of Police Officers did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment.
4-pound dog found on Florida beach had traveled nearly 70 miles in 3 months, cops say



Mark Price
Mon, January 10, 2022

Police in one Florida city are were left mystified after a lost 4-pound chihuahua safely traveled nearly 70 miles in three months.

The 10-year-old dog, named Tiny, was found Dec. 30 wandering the sands of Clearwater Beach, according to the Clearwater Police Department. Clearwater is about 25 miles west of downtown Tampa.

“If only Tiny could talk, she might be able to shed some light on how she made it from Bartow to Clearwater Beach,” the police wrote on Facebook.

“What we do know is she turned up missing in September from her family’s back yard in Polk County. Fast forward to the last week of December, when Officer Ryan Kenna found a wayward pooch near Tower 1 on Clearwater Beach. ... After some investigative digging, they learned through a chip that the dog came from Polk County — more than 67 miles away.”

Tiny’s owner, Sophia Burgess, told police the family had continued to hope their dog would be found, and had an ongoing search that included signs throughout their neighborhood.

Still, she was wary when Clearwater police called late in the day on Dec. 30. The facility was closing for the three-day New Year’s Day weekend, so she would have to wait a bit longer to know for sure.

Burgess said she decided not to tell her two children about the call “in case there was some type of mix-up and it wasn’t Tiny after all,” according to the release.

Three days later, when the facility reopened, Tiny crawled into her arms.

Burgess’ two children “were overcome with emotion at the unexpected reunion.”

“They cried like babies,” she said in the release.

How Tiny got so far away from their backyard is a mystery to her, too.

“I wish I had the answer to all of those questions,” Burgess said. “I’ve never even been to Clearwater.”

The discovery happened not long after Burgess’ 15-year-old daughter, Jaliyah, admitted to having “a dream that Tiny came home,” she told police.

Officer Ryan Kenna said he was grateful to be part of an old fashioned happy ending.

“It was the perfect time of year just after Christmas and starting off the new year on a better page for the family,” he said in the release.
ARYAN FASCISM
'Be ready to kill': Open calls for genocide against Indian religious minorities ramp up




Myra Khan
Mon, January 10, 2022

Far-right Hindu groups in India have been openly calling for violence against Indian Muslims, Christians and Sikhs, with many demanding a “repeat” of the 1984 genocide of Sikhs.

Nationalist populism: A Hindutva event in Haridwar last December and the cancellation of a visit to Punjab by Prime Minister Narendra Modi last week have become widely discussed recently. These incidents have sparked calls for Muslim genocide and the spread of anti-Sikh hate speech, respectively
.

An event hosted by conservative Hindu groups last month caused uproar across India when clips from the event showed community leaders calling for open violence against Muslims

“Be ready to kill and go to jail,” one of them declared.

According to Al Jazeera, at least one member of Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was present at the event.

Meanwhile, several churches were vandalized on Christmas by Hindu nationalists who claimed to be stopping other Hindus from supporting “religious conversion under the garb of celebrating Christmas” and from “brainwashing children.”

A Hindu vigilante group interrupted one of the many Christmas gatherings while yelling, “Death to missionaries.” Several statues of Jesus Christ were also smashed across the country.

On Jan. 5, Modi’s planned visit to the state of Punjab was cancelled after a security breach left him temporarily trapped on a highway overpass. The incident soon sparked a wave of violent threats against Sikhs, the religious minority which makes up more than 50% of Punjab’s population.

Many of these threats harkened back to the 1984 Sikh Massacre, which occurred after the assassination of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards.

Several Twitter users discussed the recent incident involving Modi. One even wrote that the massacre of 1984 “would be dwarfed in all memories” had “even a scratch” come to Modi. The death toll of the 1984 Sikh Massacre is disputed, but independent sources allege that up to 8,000 Sikhs were killed.

Other pro-Modi netizens called for the hanging of Punjab’s chief minister.

History repeating itself: Despite calls for India’s Prime Minister and his party to denounce the violence, Modi has remained quiet.

Modi’s silence on several occasions has been understood by several writers and political analysts to be tacit endorsement of violence.

Though much of the anti-minority violence in India occurs at the local level, the quiet support from national leaders has bolstered local groups in the past.

Modi has been considered by several critics as responsible for the riots and violence toward Muslims in the Indian state of Gujarat in 2002 while he served as its chief minister. The riots resulted in the targeted deaths of hundreds of Muslims, a minority in the state.

The lack of accountability or acknowledgment of the 2002 riots is similar to that of the 1984 massacre.

Backlash and solidarity: Notable figures from Indian religious minorities have spoken out against the recent threats and violence, encouraging allies and each other to speak up and stay strong.

Prominent Bollywood actor Naseeruddin Shah spoke out against the anti-Muslim sentiments in an interview with The Wire. “If it comes to the crunch, we will fight back… If it comes to that, we will. We are defending our homes, our family, our children,” Shah declared.

“Sikhs have endured genocidal violence before. Now, threats of genocide against Sikhs are abounding again. Will leaders have the foresight and courage to speak up, before these hate-filled words turns [sic] into hate-filled atrocity?” Sikh scholar and activist Simran Jeet Singh wrote in an Instagram post.

Feature Image via Getty / Ritesh Shukla / Stringer

May Day in Spain: Socialist and Anarchist Traditions

Published 2016
23 Pages
‘[May Day is celebrated] year after year, without interruption’, wrote the Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno (1907), ‘and this celebration seems to assume a ritual, a liturgical character. The value of these rituals is enormous, as long as their spirit is faithfully remembered’ (p. 2). These words were written in 1907, before this annual festivity had been fully consolidated and at this time only referred to the socialist celebration; its anarchist counterpart was discreetly overlooked. In 1907, the meaning of May Day was still under construction. Other events to come, events that were to transform May Day and the whole of Spanish society — a civil war, a dictatorship that was to last 40 years, and the restoration of liberal democracy from 1975 — could not even be imagined at this stage. Unamuno, however, had already perceived the ritual dimension of the celebration, which was repeated ‘year after year’. It would appear that he had even understood the performative value of the rituals, which would be preserved ‘as long as their spirit is faithfully remembered’. Over the last 125 years, this spirit has grown and has become more solid – it has changed, suffered from repression and re-emerged, only to vanish, or at the very least become hardly recognizable, in more recent times. In this chapter we aim to present a brief overview of the history of May Day in Spain, including its more significant milestones, personalities and meanings.