A month ago, workers at NagaWorld casino hotel in Cambodia went on strike. They demanded that the management engage in good faith negotiations over the forced mass redundancy of over 1,300 workers.  Many of those workers were left destitute. Instead of talking to the union, police began arresting workers and union leaders.  Two weeks ago, the union president was violently arrested on the picket line by plainclothes police.  Other union leaders were also arrested. At the moment, 8 union leaders are currently in detention.  They are all charged with incitement offences under the Criminal Code, which carry a sentence of up to 5 years imprisonment. They are being denied access to legal representation. The Director General of the International Labour Organisation has already expressed deep concern over the arrests and has called for the immediate release of those arrested. And now the International Union of Foodworkers (IUF) has launched an online campaign demanding that the union leaders be released from jail and the charges dropped. Please take a moment to show your support for these brave workers, and to demand justice - click here. And please share this message with your friends, family and fellow union members.

ACT NOW: End Cow & Calf Separation in NFACC Dairy Code

January 20, 2022

There’s an important opportunity to speak up against some of the worst cruelty in the dairy industry—including the heartbreaking practice of separating baby calves from their mothers. We encourage you to have your say by January 27.

Canada has some of the worst animal protection laws in the western world. Unlike other industrialized nations, we lack provincial and federal laws that regulate the treatment of animals on farms, and government inspections. Instead, an industry-dominated body called the National Farm Animal Care Council (NFACC) creates voluntary codes of practice for the use of animals on farms.

While NFACC codes are no replacement for strong laws and proactive government inspections, Animal Justice is asking animal advocates to take part in the public survey to encourage the industry to stop supporting a number of horrific standard practices—like separating mothers and babies, limiting cow movement by tying them to their stalls, and denying cows access to the outdoors.

In the dairy industry, calves are taken away from their mothers shortly after birth. The males are often sold for veal, and the females are often condemned to become dairy cows themselves.

In November 2021, Animal Justice released gut-wrenching footage from an organic dairy farm in British Columbia that showed numerous calves taken away from their mothers. Workers hit and kicked the cows while snatching their babies, dragging them away, and tossing them in wheelbarrows—all while the mothers cried out in desperation.

Please ask NFACC to stop supporting the barbaric practice of ripping baby cows from their mothers. Review the document below for pointers from our lawyers on how to answer the survey questions, and demand the end of some of the most cruel practices that are common in the dairy industry.

Take the NFACC Dairy Code Survey

Craft, money and mercy: an apothecary's self-portrait in sixteenth-century Bologna (Recipient of the Annals of Science Essay Prize and the Jerry Stannard Memorial Award 2015)

Barbara Di Gennaro Splendore

2016, Annals of Science

176 Views18 Pages

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History of Medicine,

Social History of Medicine,

Craft Guilds,

Economic History Guilds, Trade, Taxes,

Social History of Pharmacy

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The apothecary occupied a liminal position in early modern society between profit and healing. Finding ways to distance their public image from trade was a common problem for apothecaries across Europe. This article uses the case of a Bolognese apothecary, Filippo Pastarino, to address the question of how early modern apothecaries chose to represent themselves to political authorities and to the wider public. ‘Mercy’, alongside ‘craft’, was a pillar of apothecaries’ social identity. By contrast, no matter how central financial transactions (‘money’) were to their activity, apothecaries did not want to be perceived as merchants. Thus, the assistance and advice apothecaries provided to patients and customers resulted as central aspects of their social role. In this context, Bolognese apothecaries aimed to defend their current status, which had been challenged by naturalist Ulysses Aldrovandi, city authorities and local monasteries. However, Pastarino's claims can also be seen as antecedents to the self-legitimizing strategy that seventeenth-century artisans deployed when faced with the need to enhance their new status as natural philosophers. The present study attributes a name, a date of birth and a shop to Filippo Pastarino, revising previous interpretations. More broadly, by focusing on how these artisans defended their position in the city it enriches our understanding of the self-representation of apothecaries.

https://tinyurl.com/5fbmbfjn

The Essence of Commodification: Caffeine Dependencies In the Early Modern World

Ross Jamieson

2001, Journal of social history

922 Views26 Pages

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Coffee,

Colonialism,

Latin American History,

Commodification (Anthropology)

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More Info: (2001). "Essence of Commodification: Caffeine Dependencies in the Early Modern World." Journal of Social History 35(2): 269-294.

Publisher: muse.jhu.edu

Publication Date: Jan 1, 2001

Publication Name: Journal of social history

https://www.academia.edu/427907/The_Essence_of_Commodification_Caffeine_Dependencies_In_the_Early_Modern_World

Through the Filter of Tobacco: The Limits of Global Trade in the Early Modern World

MATTHEW P. ROMANIELLO

 History, University of Hawa’i

In 1663, an English Embassy lead by the Earl of Carlisle traveled to Muscovite Russia. Failing to make any significant breakthroughs in Anglo-Russian trade relations, a member of the Earl’s Embassy observed that the Russians “will Intime leave off that rustick and barbarous humor, which is so natural to them, and learn by degrees to live with more civility And were they under a gentler Government, and had a free Trade with every body, no doubt but this Nation would in short time be taken with our civility and decent way of living.”

Even in this short passage, the plan for English economic expansion was clear. The first step was the establishment of free trade between the countries, which would produce widespread cultural change as the Russians adopted the superior English customs. In the end, a transformed Muscovy would become a natural market for English goods, producing only increased profits. This plan remained essentially unchanged from the beginning of regularized trade between England and Muscovy in the sixteenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth, despite the lack of success in changing Muscovite culture in the direction of an English-inspired model.

https://tinyurl.com/bdf5yvvn

Of the China Root: A Case Study of the Early Modern Circulation of Materia Medica

Anna E. Winterbottom*

Summary.
The early modern rise of syphilis provoked similar anxieties to those that more recently ac-companied the global spread of HIV/AIDS. It also stimulated global demand for remedies. 

I discuss one of the most popular, known as China root ’and usually identified with various species of Smilax. The drug and instructions for its use were spread westward from Chenab traders of all nationalities from 1535 onwards.

Demand became global before being largely replaced in Europe by supplies of various American
Smilax species, known collectively as ‘Sarsaparilla’. I examine the economic, political and cultural dynamics of this process and draw from them some conclusions about the early modern drugs trade and its effects on medical thought.

https://www.academia.edu/9261880/Of_the_China_Root_A_Case_Study_of_the_Early_Modern_Circulation_of_Materia_Medica

Consuming Habits: Global and Historical Perspectives on How Cultures Define Drugs, with Jordan Goodman and Andrew Sherrat

Book PDF

2007, Routledge

299 Pages

Publication Date: 2007

Publication Name: Routledge

https://tinyurl.com/5dbyndws

Reconstructing Mercantilism: Consensus and Conflict in British Imperial Economy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Author(s): Jonathan BarthSource:

The William and Mary Quarterly,

 Vol. 73, No. 2 (April 2016), pp. 257-290Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and CultureStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.73.2.0257Accessed: 17-06-2017 18:16 UTC 

R F R N S

 Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.73.2.0257?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents

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We Dream Together

Dominican Independence, Haiti, and the Fight for Caribbean Freedom

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Author(s)
Eller, Anne

Collection Knowledge Unlatched (KU)

Number100278

'In We Dream Together' Anne Eller breaks with dominant narratives of conflict between the Dominican Republic and Haiti by tracing the complicated history of Dominican emancipation and independence between 1822 and 1865. Eller moves beyond the small body of writing by Dominican elites that often narrates Dominican nationhood to craft inclusive, popular histories of identity, community, and freedom, summoning sources that range from trial records and consul reports to poetry and song. Rethinking Dominican relationships with their communities, the national project, and the greater Caribbean, Eller shows how popular anticolonial resistance was anchored in a rich and complex political culture. Haitians and Dominicans fostered a common commitment to Caribbean freedom, the abolition of slavery, and popular democracy, often well beyond the reach of the state.

URI   http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31744

Keywords History; Cuba; Dominican Order; Haiti; Puerto Plata; Dominican Republic; Santana (band); Santo Domingo; Spain; Spaniards; United States

DOI10.1215/9780822373766

ISBN9780822373766

OCN940935869

PublisherDuke University Press

Publisher websitehttps://www.dukeupress.edu/

‘‘That Abominable Nest of Pirates’’
St. Eustatius and the North Americans, 1680–1780

VICTOR ENTHOVEN
Free University of Amsterdam

abstract
The aim of this essay is to depict the long-standing trade relations between St. Eustatius and the thirteen British North American colonies between 1680 and 1780. For Americans, the otherwise virtually unknown Caribbean island of St. Eustatius is intimately linked to the history of the American Revolution. Indeed, the enduring relationship between them was instrumental to the growth of both sets of colonies and ultimately to the success of the American Revolution. Yet the connection that linked the tiny Dutch island with the mainland Anglo-American colonies was far deeper than is often realized in the existing historiography, which focuses predominantly on the Revolutionary years. St. Eustatius and the thirteen North American colonies were natural allies in the war against protectionism.

https://www.academia.edu/5316605/That_Abominable_Nest_of_Pirates_St_Eustatius_and_the_North_Americans_1680_1780

Smugglers before the Swedish throne: Political activity of free people of color in early nineteenth-century St Barthélemy

Ale Pålsson

Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

ABSTRACT

The Swedish colony St Barthélemy, established in 1785 and under Swedish rule until 1878, was an attractive island for neutral transit trade and for a large number of free people of color, many of whom became naturalized Swedish subjects. As subjects under the Swedish crown, they sought political rights through petitions, stressing their place within the colonial system. Free people of color were also connected to the Greater Caribbean and the mobility of the free port allowed for inter-colonial networks. The Swedish Governor Johan Norderling compared the activity of free people of color in the Swedish colony with other colonies, as well as Haiti and the USA. For him, free people of color throughout the Caribbean were grouped as belonging to the same community. Thus, the examples of activity in other colonies exemplified the dangers of further political rights in the Swedish colony. He also used the Caribbean network to communicate with other French, Spanish, and Dutch governors about a revolutionary plot planned by free people of color. Yet despite being nodal points within network for planning subversive plots, St Barthélemy was not particularly radical space in terms of independence or antislavery, but rather a space facilitating subversive actions between empires

https://tinyurl.com/ycksp5vr

Plagues, Morality and the Place of Medicine in Early Modern England

Patrick Wallis

718 Views46 Pages

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History of Medicine,

History of Plague,

Social History of Medicine,

History of Epidemics

Plague was a harsh trial for early modern communities. Responding to he heavy toll of sickness and death presented tough ethical problems: Who must act? What risks must they accept? This paper examines the role and obligations of English medical practitioners during epidemics. It focuses on the key question of whether they should stay to treat the sick or could flee to safety. Historians have often condemned doctors who fled, assuming that this was equally unacceptable to contemporaries. However, such assumptions are mistaken. While magistrates and clergymen were expected to remain, medical practitioners had no special obligation to stay. Physicians’ lack of specific duties reflected their economic and social position as private practitioners, and the acknowledged limits of medicine itself. At times, however, some English medical practitioners did claim special responsibilities during plagues. But this was rare, and usually related to disputes over medical regulation in London. During and after the 1665 epidemic, in particular, plague became a theme in disputes between irregular practitioners, especially chemical physicians, and the London College of Physicians. Irregular practitioners had long sought to use plagues for self-promotion and legitimisation. Now, some attempted to overturn the College’s monopoly on medical practice on the same basis. To do so, they constructed an image of the epidemic as a medical emergency and a test of ability, courage and charity. To understand these claims, we need to set them against the political, economic and legal framework of medical regulation. Epidemics thus reveal the limits of early modern medical practitioners’ status, and the historical and political fluidity of medical ethics.

https://www.academia.edu/14479635/Plagues_Morality_and_the_Place_of_Medicine_in_Early_Modern_England

Magic, Medicine and Authority in Mid-Seventeenth-Century Muscovy: 

Andreas Engelhardt (d. 1683) and the Role of the Western Physician at the Court of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, 1656-1666

R. Collis / Russian History 40 (2013) 399–427
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2013
Russian History 40 (2013) 399–427
brill.com/ruhi

Abstract

In Early Modern Europe court physicians exerted great influence in service to their royal patrons. These medical practitioners acted as learned conduits, whose knowledge of natural philosophy, which often included occult theories of healing, natural magic and astrology, was able to serve the broad interests of their patrons. Thus, in addition to being charged with maintaining the health of a ruler, physicians were often exploited by monarchs seeking to enhance the general health of their body politic. This case study of the German physician Andreas Engelhardt examines his decade-long ser- vice in Moscow between 1656 and 1666 at the court of Aleksei Mikhailovich. This study of Engelhardt's role at court at a time of increased Western influence in Muscovy aims to reveal how the tsar sought to utilize the learning of his German physician in a variety of* Robert Collis is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow at The University of Sheffield(UK). His publications include the monograph
The Petrine Instauration: Religion, Esotericism and Science at the Court of Peter the Great, 1689-1725 ways. Engelhardt not only administered Western medical remedies, including the use of unicorn horns, to the royal family, but was also instructed to ascertain whether various Russian and Siberian folk remedies possessed beneficent qualities. This process of legitimization and containment of medical knowledge coincided with an attempt to suppress the authority of folk healers, thereby reflecting the autocratic nature of Aleksei Mikhailovich's reign. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that the tsar drew on Engelhardt’s supposed expertise in astrology and divination in order to know how Muscovy would be affected by the appearance of a comet in the winter of 1664-1665.

https://tinyurl.com/2xs6j8xr

Russia and the Medical Drug Trade in the Seventeenth Century

Clare Griffin*

Summary.

 This article deals with the trade in medicines into Russia in the seventeenth century. Both the early modern medical drug trade, and Russian medicine, have previously received substantial attention, but no work has thus far been undertaken on the Russian angle of the drug trade. Drawing on previously unused documents, this article traces the kinds of drugs acquired by the Moscow court. In contrast to the dominant view of official Russian medicine as divorced from native healing practices and fundamentally reliant upon Western European trends, these documents re-veal that drugs were sourced as locally as Moscow markets, and from as far afield as East Asia and the Americas, but that not all drugs were accepted. As many of these imports came through Western European markets, this article also sheds further light on what drugs were available there, demonstrating the great diversity of drugs traded in early modern Europe.

https://tinyurl.com/y2h48pd7

Exotic Drugs and English Medicine: England’s Drug Trade, c 1550–c. 1800

Patrick Wallis*

Summary.
What effect did the dramatic expansion in long distance trade in the early modern period have on healthcare in England?

This article presents new evidence on the scale, origins and content of English imports of medical drugs between 1567 and 1774. It shows that the volume of imported medical drugs exploded in the seventeenth century, and continued growing more gradually over the eighteenth century. The variety of imported drugs changed more slowly. Much was re-exported, but estimates of dosages suggest that some common drugs (for example, senna, Jesuits ’Bark) were available to the majority of the population in the eighteenth century. English demand for foreign drugs provides further evidence for a radical expansion in medical consumption in the seventeenth century. It also suggests that much of this new demand was met by purchasing drugs rather than buying services

https://www.academia.edu/13063426/Exotic_Drugs_and_English_Medicine_Englands_Drug_Trade_c_1550_c_1800