Saturday, July 23, 2022

Raglan Mine makes new offer to striking employees

United Steelworkers withdrew from negotiations last week; strike started around the end of May

Raglan Mine has made a new offer to its unionized employees. (File photo)

By  Jeff Pelletier

BUSINESS  JUL 11, 2022 –

Raglan Mine has presented a new offer to its unionized employees, days after the United Steelworkers withdrew from negotiations.

The new offer was put forward July 10, according to a news release from Glencore Group, Raglan Mine’s parent company.

The release does not say what is in the offer, but says it “allows Raglan Mine employees to obtain the best working conditions in the industry.”

“We sincerely hope that this offer can put an end to the labour dispute as quickly as possible,” said Pierre Barrette, vice-president of Raglan Mine, in the release.

Cimon Guy, a union representative, said the union is looking at the offer.

“Our negotiations committee will meet tomorrow to go over it in detail and decide our course of action following that,” Guy said in an email.

Raglan Mine produces mostly nickel, as well as small amounts of copper and cobalt. Its 630 unionized workers have been on strike since the end of May after the company and the union failed to reach a new collective agreement.

A mediator was appointed by the Quebec government to meet with both sides and broker a deal, but those meetings have not been successful.

Guy has said the union’s main demands involve better working and living conditions on site. Raglan has responded by saying it maintains some of the industry’s highest safety standards and salaries, while promoting a positive work culture at the mine.

Production at Raglan Mine, which is Nunavik’s largest employer, was halted after the strike was called, and all union employees were flown back to their home communities. Some production has since resumed.

 Strike by 630 workers at Glencore's Raglan Mine in northern Quebec enters second month

28 June 2022

Around 630 workers—members of the United Steelworkers (USW)—at the Raglan Mine in northern Quebec, Canada, have been engaged in an indefinite strike since May 27, after voting by a massive 97.5 percent to walk off the job. Faced with rampant inflation and the company’s indifference to the plight of its workers, the strikers are determined to fight against subcontracting and attacks on their working and living conditions.

Raglan miners on strike (Photo: IndustriALL union)

Glencore Group, Raglan’s owner, responded to the strike by announcing the suspension of its mining operations and the return of workers to their respective home regions. On Friday, June 17, it resumed some operations using subcontractors. “We are very concerned, to say the least, about the type of work being done at the mine and by whom,” said a miner who is a member of the union negotiating team. One day earlier, around 80 strikers picketed the Rouyn-Noranda airport in southwestern Quebec, where miners fly in and out of the Raglan facility.

The Raglan Mine is located in the remote northern region of Nunavik, on the Ungava Peninsula, 1800 km north of Montreal. Located between the villages of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq, the mine relies on local Inuit communities to make up 20 percent of its workforce. As with many natural resource operations in the region, the Raglan Mine plays a key role in the local economy, with a significant portion of local residents involved in one way or another in the mine’s operations.

In spite of its name, the Raglan Mine is in fact a mining complex composed of four underground mines. While the mine primarily processes nickel, workers also extract other lucrative precious metals. In 2020, miners extracted nearly 40,000 tons of nickel, 9,000 tons of copper and more than 800 tons of cobalt. This large-scale output continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, as the government gave the mining industry the green light to continue operations and expose miners to the lethal coronavirus.

According to an estimate published by the USW, based on the company’s production data, miners extracted natural resources worth US$586 million in 2020. Considering that the price of nickel has more than doubled since 2020, and that the price of other metals has also risen significantly, revenues in 2022 could exceed $1 billion.

Despite the huge profits made at the operation, Glencore is denying its workers any genuine improvement in their conditions. Instead, the international conglomerate is intensifying its attacks on their jobs and working conditions.

A blatant example of management’s ruthless attacks on workers was the dismissal in March 2021 of unionized security workers at the Raglan Mine, after they rejected an offer from the company to renew their collective agreement. In a ruling issued on June 15, the Quebec Administrative Labour Tribunal condemned this action, which it determined was motivated by a desire to send “a clear message from the company to the other units (of unionized workers) that will soon be negotiating.”

As is the case for the vast majority of workers in the mining industry, Raglan’s workers live and work under harsh conditions. In addition to the “fly-in fly-out” procedure and the distance from their families, the workers labour 11 hours a day for 21 days in a row, followed by 14 days off.

Under these conditions and with inflation eating away at what little financial leeway families have left, the workers are determined to fight for their interests. They are demanding better wages, decent working conditions and an improved vacation plan. They also oppose Glencore’s increased use of subcontracting.

In addition to lower wages and fewer benefits, the use of subcontractors has increased so much in recent years that nearly half of the mine’s 1,200 employees work for a third party. This practice allows the multinational to save large sums of money, while all workers at the mine complex pay for this through stepped-up internal competition.

The company unquestionably has the financial means to meet the workers’ modest demands. Following its merger with Xstrata in 2013, the Glencore Group is one of the largest natural resource companies in the world.

Active in 35 countries, the company operates around 150 mining, metals and oil production facilities. Glencore is the largest nickel producer in Quebec and the fourth largest in the world. The company is headed by Ivan Glasenberg, Australia’s ninth richest man, who has a personal fortune of $12.2 billion.

While they face a multinational corporation determined to cut production costs to increase profits, the 630 striking workers also confront the union bureaucracy of the USW, which is affiliated with the Quebec Federation of Labour (QFL). The USW is working tirelessly to keep the strikers isolated, as shown by its announcement of just four one-time picket lines over two weeks, with Rouyn-Noranda being the last on the list.

The only small gesture of solidarity has come from USW Local 6586 at the ArcelorMittal plant in Contrecoeur northeast of Montreal, which is providing limited financial assistance of $1,100 per week. Yet the USW boasts that it is the largest private sector union in Quebec, with 60,000 members across a range of economic sectors. Beyond Quebec’s provincial borders, the union has over a million active and retired members across Canada, the United States and the Caribbean. However, the USW has refused to mobilize the full strength of its membership in support of the Raglan workers, leaving them to fight the global mining giant alone.

The Raglan strikers should draw the lessons from the USW’s betrayal of a massive strike vote by workers at Arconic’s aluminum facilities in Iowa, Tennessee, and Indiana earlier this month. Despite the overwhelming support for a strike among the workers, the USW blocked strike action before announcing a last-minute agreement with the company. The USW then rammed through the concessions-filled deal, which included real-terms pay cuts and the abolition of a performance bonus scheme, amid widespread speculation by workers that the voting process was rigged. “It felt like the union leadership was working for the company,” an Arconic worker told the WSWS.

While the USW felt compelled to call a strike at Raglan, it is feverishly working with the company behind the scenes to impose a similar sellout. USW and Glencore representatives have met on several occasions with a mediator appointed by the Quebec Labour Ministry led by the hard-right Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) government. CAQ Premier Francois Legault, a multi-millionaire and former Air Transat CEO, has denounced wage levels in the province’s manufacturing sector as “too high.”

The pro-capitalist union apparatus enjoys a cozy relationship with corporate executives and the state apparatus, which finds expression in the corrupt practices of union bureaucrats. A series of recent court decisions revealed that at least four USW local officials in Canada were involved in embezzlement schemes. According to Nouvelles TVA, the union representatives used their positions to charge the union for personal expenses, issue duplicate bills and even write blank checks to each other. Unable to pay back the money, one of the former bureaucrats had his house seized last week. 

The Raglan workers are not alone in their struggle. Over the past year, a wave of strikes has erupted among mine workers around the world—from the nickel mines of Sudbury in northern Ontario and the coalfields of Alabama to the Atacama Desert of Chile and the jungles of Colombia—demanding substantial wage increases and the restoration of hard-won gains.  

The upsurge of struggles among miners internationally underscores that the conditions exist for Raglan workers to win their strike. To do so, they must break with the nationalist, pro-capitalist USW and create their own rank-and-file committee. The committee should fight for the expansion of the strike by making a powerful appeal to miners across Canada and internationally to wage a common fight against the multi-billion-dollar mining conglomerates. The striking miners should also link up their strike with working people battling the rising cost of living across Canada and around the world for a joint counteroffensive to defend jobs, wages and working conditions.


Glencore Violated Labour Law in Dismissing Workers at Its Raglan Mine, Quebec Tribunal Rules

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MONTREAL — Resource giant Glencore violated labour laws when it dismissed unionized security officers at its Raglan Mine in March 2021, the Quebec government’s Administrative Labour Tribunal (Tribunal administratif du Travail) has ruled.

The tribunal’s ruling, released June 15, stems from a complaint filed by the United Steelworkers/Syndicat des Métallos, the union representing the security officers. The union argued before the tribunal that Glencore violated labour laws when it dismissed the workers after they rejected the company’s contract offer during negotiations for a collective agreement.

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The ruling concludes that Glencore “obstructed the activities of the union and its members” and “failed in its obligation to bargain diligently and in good faith.”

While the ruling by administrative judge Johanne Despatis does not include an order that Glencore reinstate the dismissed employees, it opens the door to remedies for all those who were affected by the company’s unfair labour practices.

The ruling includes several harsh and scathing criticisms of Glencore’s behaviour. It portrays an employer with constant anti-union preoccupations, “thinly veiled hostility,” “driven by anti-union motives designed to crush the union’s goals” and by a desire to send “a clear message from the company to the other units (of unionized workers) that will soon be in negotiations.”

Those other workers include 630 unionized employees at Raglan Mine, members of Steelworkers Local 9449, who have been on strike since May 27. The strikers are seeking better working conditions and greater respect from Glencore, including a reduction of the company’s extensive use of subcontractors.

“It is appalling that Glencore was preparing for the current negotiations by resorting to unfair and bad faith labour practices, undermining our activities and throwing the families of these security officers out on the street,” said Harold Arseneault, a Steelworkers’ union representative.

“Glencore’s methods are overwhelmingly in bad faith and our members are determined to get the respect they’re seeking,” Arseneault said.

“The recognition of these illegal practices in the tribunal’s decision is extremely important to us,” said Nicolas Marchand, president of the Steelworkers’ bargaining unit that represents the dismissed security officers.

“This ruling exposes what we have experienced over the last eight years, which is not widely known. It demonstrates the legitimacy of our legal case and gives a voice and hope to union members in small bargaining units. It also gives us strength to move forward with the next steps,” Marchand said.

Steelworkers’ union leaders, legal advisors and local union representatives will be meeting over the next few days to assess the options that are open to the union as a result of the labour tribunal’s ruling and to decide on future actions.

The United Steelworkers/Syndicat des Métallos, affiliated with the Quebec Federation of Labour, is the largest private-sector union in Quebec, representing more than 60,000 workers in all economic sectors.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220619005028/en/

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Raglan Mine to gradually resume

 mining operations

LAVAL, QCJune 16, 2022 /CNW Telbec/ - Raglan Mine, a Glencore company, has announced the gradual resumption of certain operations at its mine beginning June 17, in the context of the strike called by the United Steelworkers Union, Local 9449 on May 27.

Operations will be carried out by professional staff and contractors who were already performing similar work prior to the dispute, in accordance with the provisions of the Quebec Labour Code.

Authorized personnel will gradually return to the site to perform tasks related to infrastructure maintenance (roads, water management systems, heating, etc.) as well as increasing the ore reserve at the surface. The concentrator is not currently in operation and the level of mining activity at the site will remain significantly below normal. Ensuring Raglan Mine's health and safety standards are met will remain the priority during this resumption of activities.

"In addition to facilitating the rapid resumption of full operations once a new agreement is signed, this return will also enable us to uphold our agreement with our Inuit partners," said Pierre Barrette, Vice President of Raglan Mine.

Raglan Mine upholds its commitment to Nunavik communities

Signed in 1995, the Raglan Agreement provides for the employment of workers from Nunavik communities and ensures that Inuit directly benefit from the socio-economic advantages of mining operations. The precedence of the Raglan Agreement over any other arrangement is recognized in the collective agreement between the company and the union.

Many of the subcontracting companies that work at Raglan Mine are owned by the Inuit communities of the region. They contribute to the economic and social development of the Far North. Within the context of severe labour shortages, ensuring the retention of employees working for local contractors is a priority for the company.

PIECE WORK

Resuming certain operations at Raglan Mine also makes it possible to preserve a portion of the royalties paid by contractors to the Inuit communities.

  1. work paid for according to the amount produced:
    "workers did piecework at home" · "he was paid on a piecework basis"

Impasse in negotiations

Raglan Mine has once again reiterated to the mediator appointed by the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Solidarity its willingness to return to the negotiating table, without a favourable response from the union.

"We are disappointed that we have come to an impasse in negotiations. We hope to resume discussions quickly in order to reach a mutually beneficial agreement," added Mr. Barrette.

Until a new collective agreement is ratified, Glencore's Integrated Nickel Operations will utilize alternative concentrate supplies to maintain its nickel processing operations at the Sudbury smelter at full capacity.

Raglan Mine presented a first global offer to its employees affiliated with the United Steelworkers Union, Local 9449 in early May. If ratified, it would place Raglan Mine workers among the highest paid in the industry.

www.glencore.ca/raglan
www.glencore.com

Notes for Editors

Raglan Mine

Raglan Mine is part of the Glencore Group, one of the world's largest diversified natural resource companies. Its operations are located on the northern edge of Quebec. Its property stretches 70 kilometres from east to west, with a series of high-grade ore deposits scattered along its length, primarily nickel and copper.

With the establishment of the Raglan Agreement in 1995, a historic agreement with the Inuit communities of Nunavik, Raglan Mine is a pioneer in the industry. Raglan Mine employs more than 1,200 people, 20% of whom are from local Inuit communities. Raglan Mine is also an active participant in the economy of Nunavik and Quebec, contributing $690 million to Quebec's GDP, including $147 million from its suppliers. On average, more than 2,700 jobs are supported annually. Located far from any city, its network of suppliers extends to the four corners of Quebec, with 70% of its goods and services suppliers situated in the province.

Raglan Mine aspires to be a model company in the mining industry by promoting the development of its human resources, demonstrating fairness towards its multicultural workforce, and acting with respect for the communities and the environment. Raglan Mine is committed to a safe, productive, healthy, and stable work environment for years to come.

Glencore

Glencore is one of the world's largest global diversified natural resource companies and a major producer and marketer of more than 60 responsibly-sourced commodities that advance everyday life. The Group's operations comprise around 150 mining and metallurgical sites and oil production assets.

With a strong footprint in over 35 countries in both established and emerging regions for natural resources, Glencore's industrial activities are supported by its global network of more than 30 marketing offices.

Glencore's customers are industrial consumers, such as those in the automotive, steel, power generation, battery manufacturing and oil sectors. We also provide financing, logistics and other services to producers and consumers of commodities. Glencore's companies employ around 145,000 people, including contractors.

Glencore is proud to be a member of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights and the International Council on Mining and Metals. We are an active participant in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Our ambition is to be a net zero total emissions company by 2050.




In the News June 9

Nunavik, Northern Quebec

Raglan Mine Workers Strike for Rights and Dignity

On May 26, the 630 production workers at the Raglan Mine in Nunavik went on an indefinite general strike against the deterioration of their working conditions and for respect from their employer, which they say is totally lacking. Nunavik is the area of Quebec north of the 55th parallel. The Raglan mine is owned by global mining/metallurgical giant Glencore. Workers’ Forum recently spoke with Éric Savard, President of United Steelworkers (USW) Local 9449, which represents these workers and the mine’s entire 850 or so unionized workers.

Workers’ Forum: Can you first inform us about Raglan Mine’s operations?

Éric Savard: Raglan Mine began its operations in 1997, 25 years ago. It has had many owners, including Falconbridge, Xstrata and now Glencore. We mainly produce nickel, which represents about 70 per cent of the ore mined, and we also have copper, cobalt, palladium and other ores. There’s gold as well. The mine’s unionized workforce includes 630 production workers, currently on strike, plus workers with subcontractor Kiewit, the Katinniq Transport workers who move the ore to the ships at the port in Deception Bay, technicians, office staff, and security guards. The production workers work on a commuting fly-in, fly-out basis, often working for 21 consecutive days. They come from all over Quebec as well as from New Brunswick. When Glencore closed the Brunswick smelter in Belledune in northern New Brunswick at the end of 2019 some workers from the smelter came to work with us.

WF: In the Steelworkers’ press release, there’s an emphasis on the demand for respect that drove the workers to strike. Can you tell us more about that?

ES: Since Glencore took over Xstrata we have experienced many rollbacks. This includes an increase in our working hours, an increase in production with the same number of workers, cuts in work breaks. Some of these rollbacks affected conditions that have existed for 20 years. As well, health and safety meetings previously scheduled at the beginning of various work group shifts now take place on workers’ time, not company time. We have experienced a great loss in working conditions.

The straw that broke the camel’s back was when the security guards were fired about 15 months ago after rejecting the company’s offer. We are in court over this and are still awaiting a ruling. With Glencore, we are constantly filing grievances. Glencore disputes everything, and we have to fight in court over everything, – for our weeks of vacation, to be paid for the day we fly to the mine, etc. There’s a lot of accumulated frustration on these issues.

Glencore has also neglected health and safety conditions. For example, due to a big increase in production we realized that the access ramps had become unsafe. The workers pulled together and rebolted all the ramps. Instead of thanking them, Glencore claimed that production was behind schedule and began harassing the workers to work overtime and threatened to downgrade their work scale levels.

In addition, the company began dictating that for the lunch hour, workers’ transportation time would now be on their time, not company time. Transportation time had been paid by the company for 25 years and it worked well so there was no reason to change it. It can take a worker 15 to 20 minutes to get from the work site to the lunchroom. Now the time it takes to travel to the lunch room is counted as part of the lunch break so workers don’t get a full hour for rest and a meal when they really need it, given all the hours of work they’re required to put in. When you work 21 days in a row, the last thing you want to do is have a fight for your lunch hour. The workers were exasperated with all this.

WF: In your press release you say that subcontracting is a major problem at the mine. Can you explain?

ES: As we say in our release, we have a situation where there are often many more subcontract workers on the mine site than unionized workers. That doesn’t make sense. The people who are hired through subcontracting earn less and their conditions are worse. This means fewer economic benefits for the regions of Quebec where these workers are from.

In addition, this prevents young people from advancing to higher levels with better wages and conditions. Glencore hires a lot of subcontract workers in the middle levels which means that young people can no longer move up the ladder and get training to advance. We’re at a point where we have 30 to 40 per cent subcontract workers now.

Meanwhile, the overall conditions of subcontract workers are inferior to those of unionized workers. Accommodations are not as good, the quality of food is lower. Increasing the number of subcontract workers is not good for workers overall. How is it possible that a big multinational like Glencore is expanding the use of cheap labour and imposing bad working conditions within its facilities?

We are trying to improve everyone’s conditions, increase our hourly rates, improve the pension fund, increase the workers’ standard of living.

WF: Would you like to add something in conclusion?

ES: We have been observing for years that Glencore is regressing in terms of workers’ welfare and protection. We want to see the improvements we are seeking written clearly into the collective agreement. Maybe this is how we’ll stop the grievances and the unnecessary conflicts and improve everyone’s lot.

Workers walk out at Glencore’s Raglan nickel mine

30TH MAY 2022

BY: MARIAAN WEBB - CREAMER MEDIA DEPUTY EDITOR ONLINE

The Raglan mine, in Quebec








Diversified miner Glencore has suspended production at its Raglan nickel and copper mine, in Quebec, after 630 unionised workers went on strike late on Friday night.

The parties met on Friday in the presence of a mediator, without breaking an impasse in wage negotiations.

Glencore had tabled an offer to United Steelworkers Union (USW) Local 9449, representing production and maintenance workers, that placed its employees among the best paid in the mining industry.

"We believe the global offer presented to the union was fair and mutually beneficial for all parties. The union's actions are particularly disappointing considering the recent arrival of an independent mediator and the openness the company demonstrated to improve the initial offer," said Raglan VP Pierre Barrette.

However, USW Local 9449 president Eric Savard said union members often work 11-hour shifts, for 21 consecutive days, at the isolated, fly-in/fly-out nickel mining operations in Nunavik. The increased use of subcontractors, who work under inferior conditions at Raglan mine, is another key issue in the labour dispute.

“It has reached the point where there are often many more contractors at the mine site than unionised workers. It doesn't make sense. This means fewer economic benefits for the regions of Quebec, while this multinational corporation extracts huge profits by exploiting our natural resources,” said Savard.

In addition to the use of subcontractors, other stumbling blocks in negotiations include vacations, working conditions and wages. Above all, however, workers said that they demanded more respect from Glencore.

“Glencore has been continually pushing the limits. It even balks at providing a proper lunch hour to workers who are working 11 hours a day, 21 days in a row. It’s reached the point where those who refuse to work overtime are given the cold shoulder by the bosses. Living conditions at the mining camp have deteriorated over the years. The employer systematically quibbles over the living and working conditions of employees who are away from their families for long periods of time. It is time for this company to show greater respect for the workers who are generating its profits of tens of millions of dollars each year,” Savard added.

Glencore stated that the company was ready to return to the negotiating table to continue negotiations as soon as possible in order to reach a mutually beneficial agreement.  

Drug abuse: Remembering the victims

For years now, the number of people dying from illegal drug use in Germany has been on the rise. A project in Hamburg gives people who are addicted a safe environment to consume — and remember their friends.

Spoons, syringes, Band-Aids: the Hamburg facility Abrigado provides all the necessary tools

"A lot of the people I used to know are now dead," said Gonzo, a very slim man with watery eyes and tidy clothes. When he spoke, it was easy to pick up a Hamburg accent. Gonzo himself has been using drugs since the age of 16. Today, he's 55.

He was sitting in what is part of a so-called consumption room in Hamburg. The name of the project — Abrigado — translates from Spanish as "sheltered." It's a space where people who need drugs — mostly heroin and cocaine — can consume them in a clinically clean environment.

They can also take a shower, get any wounds treated by a health care worker or grab something to eat and drink. What's more, they can link up with a social worker who will accompany them on one of those visits to local government offices that can be so distressing.

Oli (left) and Herman are social workers at the Abrigado center

Herman and Oli are on staff, and part of their job is to get things prepared for the afternoon when up to four people at a time can take the drugs they've brought with them. On this day, Oli was washing the spoons that had been soaked in a disinfectant solution overnight, while Herman prepared the sealed syringes, alcohol swabs and Band-Aids.

After a short staff meeting, the doors opened at around 1:30 p.m. Dozens of people were already waiting in the yard. Some disappeared quickly into the room where they are allowed to consume their drugs. Most people come here regularly and know the rules: First, put on a mask, then get signed in, and, if the room is full, wait patiently for your turn. 

Gonzo was among the first to turn up. Not surprising, given that he's been coming to Abrigado since it was founded 28 years ago. "I'd probably be dead if this place had never existed. I'd have been in some filthy backyard brewing up my heroin. I never used to clean my hands. Or use disinfectant. But here, they make sure you do. They keep an eye on what you're up to," he told DW.

More and more drug deaths

The number of drug-related deaths in Germany rose for the fourth year in a row in 2021, a total of 1,826 men and women. The main lethal drugs were heroin and opioids.

"These numbers make me very sad. They're shocking. And they make it very clear that we can't just go on as before in our policies on drugs," said Burkhard Blienert, the government's narcotics commissioner.

'I so loved laughing with you! We miss you. RIP' reads one of the messages in a condolence book at Abrigado

It's a problem that is far from uniquely German. For years, the United States has also been plagued by an opioid crisis, in which one life is lost to an overdose every five minutes. 

At Abrigado this year, the first months of spring — March and April — were particularly distressing. Users prefer to call each other "guests," and the social workers create a book of condolences for each "guest" who dies. "The problem was, we couldn't keep up: the books were just lying there. It was awful," said Oli. "Really tough," Herman agreed.

Each year, the community marks International Drug Users' Remembrance Day on July 21. A grief speaker delivers a funeral address, and guests and staff lay down stones bearing the names of those who have died.


Ready for emergencies

So far, there have not been any fatalities inside the rooms that make up Abrigado. It has always proved possible to avoid the worst emergencies by employing trained staff and rehearsed strategies, and making sure that crucial equipment such as pulse monitors and ventilators are on hand. 

"The first emergencies I experienced really pushed me to my limits," remembered Herman. "Now I know what I need to do because I've been there before. So, I know I can find a solution."

But the fatalities that take place outside the project can't be prevented, a real burden for the two men. Oli recalled the death of the first person he took care of after becoming a qualified social worker. "It hit me really hard. I can still feel it," he said.

His colleague Herman put it like this: "A person you've been involved with on a more or less daily basis suddenly becomes just another case in a file." Often, the social workers only find out what's happened to someone through other guests, he said. They might not know how they died, or where they are buried.

A different approach?

It's often said that stricter drug policies lead to more deaths, but it's not that straightforward. That was made clear in a recent fact-checking report by the Bavarian broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk, which found that strict laws do not necessarily mean more deaths. However, it also concluded that more liberal laws and easier access to support systems could indirectly save lives — and did.

Heino Stöver from the Institute of Addiction Research in Frankfurt is an expert on addiction prevention. He advocates policies that do not criminalize small-scale drug use.

"In Germany, we have on the one side very permissive policies on alcohol and tobacco. Very liberal I would say. Very unregulated. But then there's the other side. And when it comes to illegal drugs, we are very repressive. This divided approach is to be found right at the heart of Germany's drug policies," Stöver told DW.

While consumers of small quantities of cannabis could find themselves confronted with the full force of the law, there was no strategy for tackling mainstream drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, he said. "Each year, an estimated 127,000 deaths are linked to tobacco and some 74,000 deaths are due to alcohol. And they, too, are drug deaths," he said.

But maybe change is coming. A new government came into office in 2021 and the legalization of cannabis is on its agenda. Pilot projects are probing the impact of naloxone, a nasal spray that can stop a heroin overdose with immediate effect.

Meanwhile, in a trial phase, street drugs are being evaluated in some consumption rooms to verify their declared purity. The new government does appear to be open to rethinking drug policies and moving away from the mere criminalization of users. However, the conservative Christian Democrats remain critical, saying that cannabis poses a danger and arguing that legalization will open the way for harder drugs.

Keeping memories alive

The social workers at Abrigado welcome the changes. "I'm optimistic," said Oli, while still deploring the lack of funding for projects such as his own and others.

Abrigado doesn't try to convince the guests in its consumption room to choose a life without drugs, he explained. "And if someone does pass away — be it due to an overdose or because of long-term consumption — then the team doesn't see it as their personal failure to get that person off drugs before it was too late. Instead, they see it as another sad story: someone has died and gone from among us. And I believe that should be one's first thought."

Nevertheless, both Oli and Hermann insist the "guests" are well aware that their lifestyle can lead to an early death. Gonzo, too, sees people around him dying. People he has known for many years.

"I know that I'm not going to live to 90," he said, adding that he would use this year's memorial ceremony to remember those who had died of drug abuse. It was only a couple of months ago that he had found an old friend dead in his bed. He still doesn't know what the exact cause of death was. Or where he lies buried.

This article was originally written in German


CANNABIS: OPEN TO CULTURAL INTERPRETATION
Mythical plant
This is the hemp plant of legend. Intoxicating cannabis can be obtained from certain varieties, so its cultivation is strictly regulated in Germany. Unlike 200 years ago, hemp plants in the country are completely out of the public eye, paving the way for myths generated from the camps of supporters and opponents alike.
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Oct 17, 2020 — The diary of a drug fiend / by Aleister Crowley., Crowley, Aleister, ... The diary of a drug fiend / by Aleister Crowley. ... Ebook (PDF).

Belo Sun Mining rises after Brazil court overturns halt of Volta Grande gold project


Mining News Pro - Shares of Belo Sun Mining jumped by 55% on Wednesday morning after the company reported that the Supreme Court of Pará State in Brazil had overturned a suspension order related to the construction and environmental licences of its Volta Grande gold project.
  Zoom:  

In May, the Agrarian Court of Altamira had suspended the company’s licences until a socio-environmental study of the local riverside peoples, at a minimum distance of 10 km from the project, was carried out on both banks of the Xingu River. The order also required the company to undertake prior, free, and informed consultations and receive the consent of the riverside communities. 

The State Supreme Court overturned the suspension order as there was “no evidence of damage or harm to the riverside people” and “they were properly consulted as part of the environmental studies conducted by Belo Sun,” the miner  said in a press release.  

“This decision confirms our belief that Belo Sun properly consulted with all local communities, including the communities living along the Xingu River,” the company’s CEO Peter Tagliamonte said in a press release.  

Located in the state of Pará, near the city of Altamira, the Volta Grande open pit mining project has proven and probable reserves of 115.9 million tonnes grading 1.02 grams gold per tonne for 3.7 million oz. gold.  

Based on a 2015 feasibility study, the project is expected to produce about 268,000 oz. gold annually over the first 10 years of the mine life. At a 5% discount rate, the project would generate a post-tax net present value of $665 million and a post-tax internal rate of return of 26%. The initial capital cost has been pegged at $298 million.  

Scotiabank analyst Ovais Habib described the latest update as positive for the company as it moved the project “closer to resuming development activities at Volta Grande.” 


Amazing planet: Trees' magical underground 'social network'


Beneath our feet, a vast microbial network dubbed the "wood wide web" allows trees to communicate and share resources with each other.


Most trees and plants depend on mycorrhizal fungi to get crucial nutrients


Trees wouldn't be able to survive if it weren't for the massive networks of fungi operating below ground.

Out of sight, these microscopic fungal filaments pervade the soil, much like a subterranean internet, helping connect plants and trees to each other.

They can use this system — sometimes called the "wood wide web" — to exchange water, nitrogen, carbon and other nutrients, or even get advance warning of threats.

Mycorrhizal fungi networks have been around for more than 400 million years. And according to ecologist Thomas Crowther, they act as a type of "brain of the forest" that works to keep the entire ecosystem healthy.

"Mycorrhizal fungi are absolutely essential to the functioning of about 90% of the world's trees. One couldn't really exist without the other," says Crowther from ETH Zurich, who was among a team of scientists to develop the first ever global map of the wood wide web.
 


Mushrooms grow above ground, while networks of fungi filaments spread underground

So how does it work?

Trees and plants have a symbiotic relationship with the mycorrhizal fungi that weave around and bore into their roots. The plants pass their fungal partners carbon, and in return they get nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen that the fungi take from the soil.

But beyond that, plants also use this extensive underground web of fungi to interact with each other, moving information, nutrients, sugar and water to other trees in the system that need it most.

"Trees that are struggling for nutrients will often be enhanced by the network because the fungi will redistribute nutrients towards those struggling trees or areas where there's been a lot of insect damage," Crowther said. "This connectivity is what keeps the whole system going."
 


The fungus collects nutrients from the soil and passes it to the plant through its root system

When seedlings get hooked up to the network, they can get an injection of nutrients and water from more mature trees. This helps them grow and develop resilience in the face of stress. Dying trees can also use the web to transfer their nutrients to neighboring plants.

Trees can receive early warning signals about threats via the network if a neighbor is under attack — for example, from aphids or caterpillars — and preemptively produce defensive chemicals to protect themselves from an assault.
When trees die, so do the underground fungi

Mycorrhizal networks support ecosystems and make forests resilient. They are also massive carbon sinks, keeping heat-trapping CO2 locked away underground. But agricultural expansion, pollution from chemical fertilizers and deforestation are putting these microbial webs at risk.

According to the UN, around 178 million hectares of forest — about triple the size of France — have been lost over the past three decades. When trees are cut down, the fungi underground is also destroyed. Researchers have found that logging can slash the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the ground by as much as 95%.

Rising temperatures associated with climate change could also see fungi that lock carbon away for longer periods replaced by a fast-cycling variety that "could potentially drive carbon losses into the atmosphere," according to Crowther, leading to additional warming.

Mycorrhizal fungi have been underpinning life on Earth for millions of years. By disrupting the complex webs they form beneath our feet, we are also endangering the organisms we depend on to survive.
 

11 SURPRISING FACTS ABOUT TREES
60,000 different species
There are around 3 trillion trees on Earth, according to a global study led by researchers from Yale University. That includes over 60,000 known tree species, more than half of which are endemic — meaning they're found in only one country. Brazil, Colombia and Indonesia are home to the most tree species. The bad news: there are 46% fewer trees today than at the start of human civilization.
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Edited by: Tamsin Walker

 How is Europe navigating multiple crises?

A looming energy shortfall, rising inflation, disrupted supply chains and the knock-on effects of the pandemic — the EU is struggling to put out fires on several fronts. What solutions is the bloc reaching for?

The EU faces severe economic turbulence in the coming months

Interest rate hike

After years of keeping rates at historic lows, and in negative territory since 2014, the European Central Bank (ECB) departed from its zero interest rate policy on Thursday. It raised the key interest rate from zero to 0.5%, with further increases to follow.

It's highly questionable whether this will be enough to get a grip on inflation of 8.6% in the eurozone, especially since the main reasons for the price increases are beyond the control of the EU. Energy prices have risen because of strong demand following the pandemic, and also because of the Russian war against Ukraine. Disruptions in global supply chains are also driving up prices.

In addition, the ECB is walking a tightrope in its interest rate hikes. In economic theory, prices usually rise during boom times when all capacities are overstretched. Higher interest rates then have a dampening effect because they make credit more expensive and thus also slow down economic activity.

Now, however, inflation is striking EU countries that are all emerging weakened from the pandemic, and in some cases with greatly increased debt burdens. Further weakening these already struggling economies with higher interest rates thus carries some risks.

A new anti-crisis tool

The end of the zero interest rate policy heralds the return of a specter that ten years ago brought the eurozone to the brink of collapse: The vastly differing credit conditions of the member states.

Countries borrow money on the financial markets by issuing government bonds. The greater investors' confidence in a country's creditworthiness, the lower the interest rates that country has to pay on its debt.

Conversely, countries with high debts and weaker economies are "punished" by lenders charging higher interest rates. This difference, known in financial jargon as a spread, is now widening again. For example, one year ago Italy had to pay 1.21% higher interest than Germany if it wanted to borrow money for ten years. In the meantime, the spread has almost doubled to 2.26 %.

Highly indebted countries like Italy could get into trouble as a result, because higher interest costs leave policymakers with little financial leeway. During the euro debt crisis that began in 2010, market players began speculating against individual nations, amounting to a kind of bet on the collapse of the monetary union.

To prevent a repeat of the crisis, the ECB has created a new anti-fragmentation tool. Called the TPI (Transmission Protection Instrument), it's a bond-buying program that lends money specifically to those countries that the markets have particularly little confidence in. It's intended as a signal to speculators: Don't bet on the end of monetary union, you can only lose.

The downside of the new instrument is that the ECB is forbidden to engage in direct government financing. This could lead to protracted disputes in the courts over the limits of the ECB's mandate. Once again, it will become clear that the common monetary policy faces different demands — which in turn could likely to fuel betting against the monetary union.

Emergency energy plan

Rising gas prices prompted the EU Commission to draft an emergency energy plan on Wednesday. It foresees slashing gas consumption in the EU by 15% in the coming winter.

If that amount is not cut on a voluntary basis, the EU Commission could declare an EU-level emergency and force member countries to save. Certain sectors of the economy could then receive less gas. Financial incentives are also planned for companies that switch to other energy sources.

However, the emergency plan has to be approved by the EU member states before it can come into effect. Spain and Portugal have already said they plan to oppose it and rejected the plan as "untenable," which all points to a looming dispute on this measure as well.

Government support for citizens

Many EU countries have cobbled together relief measures to ease the burden on their citizens in the face of rising inflation and surging energy costs — and to attempt to defuse voter anger. These measures range from tax breaks to flat-rate discounts on electricity bills and direct cash transfers to bailing out ailing companies, such as in the case of German gas utility company Uniper.

The size of these aid packages varies greatly from country to country. What they all have in common is that they put a strain on government budgets and further increase debt.

And all of that comes on top of the financial burdens that have piled up in most nations during the coronavirus pandemic. These developments are being closely watched on the financial markets — and could then lead to growing spreads (see above).

EU Recovery Fund

In 2020, the EU set up a coronavirus recovery fund to help member states shoulder the huge financial burden triggered by the pandemic.

With an overall budget of €750 billion, it is the largest aid package in the history of the EU. The money is intended to help countries weather the pandemic-related economic slump while enabling investments to make economies more climate-friendly and digital.

Like many other crisis-fighting measures in the EU, the reconstruction fund sends mixed signals. On the one hand, it is meant to demonstrate unity and the strength of the EU community. It marks the first time that the EU states have jointly borrowed debt to be disbursed through grants on an unprecedented scale. On the other hand, days of acrimonious debate during the negotiations showed how big the differences are between the countries of the EU.

Dispute and compromise, it seems, are likely to keep the European Union company in the future as well.

This article was orginally writen in German.

Forum evaluates African democracies

Stakeholders in democratic affairs from more than 30 African countries have met in Tanzania. The gathering gave attendees an opportunity to reflect on the continent's democratic principles and present solutions.

Elections alone do not make a democracy

Delegates attending the Africa Drive for Democracy Conference this week said that unless issues surrounding a lack of democracy among African countries are resolved, governments are likely to lose the confidence of their citizens. 

The gathering in the northern Tanzanian city of Arusha was called by a wide range of leaders of institutions working to safeguard democratic principles in Africa. 

The attendees discussed the importance of freedom of expression, particularly during election campaigns.

Social media shutdowns

Concern was raised over several issues that could have impacted election results. 

For instance, in the run-up to Rwanda's 2017 election, people were not allowed to criticize the ruling party. 

Delegates at the Arusha meeting also spoke about how the internet and social media were restricted in the days before Tanzania's 2020 elections.

The delegates commited to claiming and occupying the institutions of democracy

In Uganda, officials ordered internet service providers to shut down social media and messaging applications ahead of the country's 2021 presidential election.

'Weak democracies'

Many delegates said they believe that ongoing crises across the continent have been caused by leaders failing to uphold democratic principles during their terms in office. 

Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr, the mayor of Freetown, Sierra Leone, touched on the challenges of weak democracies coupled with climate change in developing countries. 

Social media apps are used by political parties in Uganda for campaigning

"If governments shall fail to avail basic and social needs to their populations, it means they are descending their people into abject poverty," she said. 

"Also, a big number of Africans are faced with poverty as a result of climate change, therefore democracy means inclusive leadership whose responsibility is to serve people." 

Backbone for people's rights

Aki-Sawyerr told the Sierra Leone Telegraph that it is "imperative that democracy in Africa is not a hollow word, but one which genuinely facilitates citizen participation, freedom of expression and association, access to justice and ultimately yields the dividend of improved living standards, access to services and economic growth for citizens."

Other delegates at the two-day event said that democracy could serve as a backbone for people's rights to make decisions free of any influence and meddling. 



AFRICA'S OPPOSITION LEADERS WHO CLAIMED EARLY VICTORIES
Martin Fayulu asked the Constitutional Court of DR Congo to nullify the vote result
Martin Fayulu rejected the result of the 30 December 2018 presidential election that placed him runner up to Felix Tshisekedi, another opposition candidate. Fayulu filed an petitioned the Constitutional Court to nullify Tshisekedi's win. But it ruled that his challenge was "inadmissible." Election results had shown Fayulu won 34.8 percent of the vote while Tshisekedi 38.57 percent.
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"When we talk about democracy, we not only focus on politics but on the economy, culture and political system that hinges on rule of law that denounces any corruption-related issues," said Hardi Yakubu, from the Africa Democracy Institute in Dakar. 

Africa has demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of good governance, democracy and the rule of law.

Emphasis has been placed on amending policies and laws pertaining to how sustainable democracies across in Africa could be realized, according to Jenerali Ulimwengu a renowned journalist and political analyst in Tanzania. 

Delegates sitting inside a marquee at the Africa Drive for Democracy Conference

The Africa Drive for Democracy Conference attracted about 100 delegates from across Africa

"The situation is worse in some of the African countries as presented in the conference; we have been deceived that development and democracy is to building infrastructures such as roads, flyovers, and large bridges," said Ulimwengu.

"We have been told so and we believed, that is a big lie."

The delegates commited to claiming and occupying the institutions of democracy — nationally, regionally and continentally — and to recognizing and celebrating those who have led the struggle for democracy within and beyond their boundaries. 

Edited by Keith Walker

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