Tuesday, March 28, 2023

At least 39 dead after fire at Mexican migrant facility on US border

The INM said there were 68 adult men from Central and South America at the facility.

Fire in Ciudad Juárez is latest example of dangers facing those taking route to US from Latin America



Tom Phillips and agencies
Tue 28 Mar 2023 

At least 39 people have died and dozens been injured after a fire ripped through an immigration detention centre in Ciudad Juárez, a Mexican city on the US border.

Images of the aftermath showed dozens of lifeless bodies on the ground, some covered by silver thermal blankets. Television footage showed emergency workers attending to stunned survivors, who sat on white sheets gasping for breath.

Reports in the Mexican press suggested a large number of the victims were Venezuelan migrants, millions of whom have abandoned their economically devastated country in recent years in search of a better life.

Colombia’s consul in Mexico, Andrés Camilo Hernández Ramírez, said he was trying to verify whether citizens of his country had been affected by the fire, and would travel to the region if they had.

The newspaper El Universal said immigration officials had spent the hours before the fire, on Monday afternoon, rounding up Venezuelan migrants who had been begging for money on the streets of Ciudad Juárez, which is just over the US border from El Paso, Texas. Some of those migrants are believed to have been transported to the immigration centre where the fire broke out.

The toll of dead and injured was given by an official with Mexico’s national immigration institute, which runs the facility. No explanation has been given for the cause of the fire but in a cryptic statement the INM said it “energetically rejects the acts which resulted in this tragedy”. The agency did not explain the nature of those “acts”.

The INM said there were 68 adult men from Central and South America at the facility.

Ciudad Juárez is a popular crossing point for migrants entering the US. Its shelters a host migrants waiting for opportunities to cross or who have requested asylum in the US.

Mexico’s attorney general’s office has launched an inquiry and has investigators at the scene, according to media reports.

The local news website Norte Digital said several of the victims had been found in the bathrooms of the detention centre, where inmates are believed to have sought refuge from the flames.

The fire is the latest disaster this year to highlight the multitude of dangers facing the hundreds of thousands of migrants and refugees who continue to flock to the US’s southern border each year after a perilous journey through South and Central America.

Last month at least 39 migrants died in a bus accident in Panama after trekking for days through the Central American country’s southern jungles on their way to the US.

The victims included citizens of Venezuela, Ecuador and Haiti. According to CNN Español the bodies of 13 victims – from Eritrea, Haiti and Nigeria – were buried by authorities last week after their families did not claim them.

Emergency services at the scene of the deadly blaze in Ciudad Juárez.
Emergency services at the scene of the deadly blaze in Ciudad Juárez. Photograph: Luis Torres/EPA

THAT IS A TINY BOMB
Ecuadorian TV presenter wounded by bomb disguised as USB stick

Lenin Artieda was one of several journalists targeted by explosive devices mailed out across the country


Staff and agencies in Quito

Tue 21 Mar 2023


An Ecuadorian television presenter was wounded after a bomb disguised as a USB stick exploded when he inserted it in his computer, after explosive devices were sent to journalists across the country.

Lenin Artieda suffered minor injuries in the blast, which happened in the newsroom of Ecuavisa TV in Guayaquil.

The country’s attorney general’s office announced on Monday that it had launched a terrorism investigation after journalists at several news outlets were sent envelopes containing similar explosive devices.

“It’s a military-type explosive, but very small capsules,” said Xavier Chango, the national head of forensic science, referring to the explosive sent to Ecuavisa.

The envelopes sent to journalists had similar characteristics and the same contents and so would be investigated jointly, the attorney general’s office said in a statement, without naming the media organizations affected.

The police carried out a controlled detonation of a device sent to the news department of TC Television, also in Guayaquil, prosecutors said earlier on Monday.

Regional freedom of expression advocacy group Fundamedios said a third television station and radio outlet in Quito had also received envelopes with explosives.

The Television channel Teleamazonas said one of its journalists had received an anonymous envelope on Thursday and upon opening it had discovered a device, which the police confirmed contained explosives.

The government said it would defend freedom of expression in the country.


Headless bodies and deadly bombs: cartel violence escalates in Ecuador


“Any attempt to intimidate journalism and freedom of expression is a loathsome action that should be punished with all the rigor of justice,” it said in a statement.

Ecuador’s president, Guillermo Lasso, has blamed rising violence on competition between drug trafficking gangs for territory and control.

Ecuador, which sits between Colombia and Peru, the world’s two largest cocaine-producing countries, is a strategic drug-smuggling route due to its long Pacific coastline and large shipping and fishing fleets.

Analysts say criminal gangs emboldened by lucrative links to Mexican drug cartels are using terror tactics to intimidate the authorities and civilians as the country of nearly 18 million teeters on the edge of becoming a narco-state.

Ottawa still advertising on TikTok despite banning it on government devices due to security concerns

Some tech experts argue federal government is sending

Canadians a contradictory message

A female Canadian military officer appears in a Department of National Defence recruitment ad.
A scene from a Department of National Defence recruitment ad which ran on TikTok between Feb. 27 and March 19. (CBC/Sophia Harris)

The federal government continues to advertise on TikTok, despite having banned the China-linked app from all government devices late last month due to security concerns. 

Ottawa told CBC News it's running several taxpayer-funded ad campaigns on TikTok, a video-sharing service popular with young people. 

The ads promote government messaging on topics such as public safety, armed forces recruitment and online disinformation, said the Privy Council Office last week. 

The advertising campaigns pose no security concerns for the government because a third party ad agency posts them on TikTok, said Privy Council spokesperson Stéphane Shank in an email. 

But some tech experts argue Ottawa is sending Canadians a contradictory message and should suspend all advertising on the app. 

"It seems a little bit like a double standard to me to say, 'Well, it's it's too dangerous for any of our employees to have, but it's okay for reaching teenagers,'" said Brett Caraway, an associate professor at the University of Toronto's Institute of Communication, Culture, Information and Technology.

Vass Bednar sits at a desk.
The federal government should drop its ad campaigns on TikTok, says Vass Bednar, executive director of McMaster University's Master of Public Policy in Digital Society Program. (McMaster University)

At a news conference last month, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he suspects that, following Ottawa's device ban, many Canadians will reflect on using TikTok "and perhaps make choices in consequence."

However, Ottawa's ongoing ad campaigns look like "an implicit endorsement" of the app, said Vass Bednar, executive director of McMaster University's Master of Public Policy in Digital Society Program.

"I don't think it's the right use of tax dollars if we are in fact so newly serious and cautious about this one app," she said. "You sort of have to pick a lane."

Spokesperson Shank said it's up to Canadians to decide whether they want to use TikTok.

The government did not provide the cost of this year's TikTok campaigns. Last year, it spent $1.7 million advertising on the platform. That's more than the $1.6 million Ottawa spent advertising on LinkedIn last year, but far from the $11.4 million it spent on Facebook and Instagram ad campaigns. 

Several provinces halt TikTok ads

Like other social media apps, TikTok collects users' personal information and monitors their use of the service.

However, it has received additional scrutiny because the platform's parent company, Bytedance, is based in Beijing, and Chinese laws allow the government to demand access to companies' user information.

TikTok says it does not operate in China and does not believe the country's laws apply to the platform. 

Nevertheless, several countries, including the United States, have banned the app from government devices as a precautionary measure. All Canadian provinces have made the same move. 

WATCH | Department of National Defence TikTok ad:

This Department of National Defence recruitment ad appeared on TikTok between Feb. 27 and March 19.

CBC News asked each provincial government if their ban extends to ad campaigns. 

Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec said they have stopped advertising on TikTok. 

Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and Alberta said they have no current plans to run ads on the app. 

Saskatchewan and B.C. said they're still advertising on the platform, but Saskatchewan said it has paused work on future campaigns.

The U.S. government told CBC News it will not use TikTok, except in connection with national security, law enforcement or security research activities.

Toronto-based cybersecurity analyst Ritesh Kotak said he believes Ottawa maintaining its ads is a smart move, because it can harness the power of TikTok without involving government devices. The app boasts more than one billion active users worldwide, including millions of Canadians. 

"If you need to get messaging across, you've got to use the most effective medium possible," said Kotak. 

But tech expert Caraway said Ottawa's continued ad campaigns appear hypocritical as federal opposition parties have, as a result of the ban, stopped using TikTok to get their message out. 

"You're asking them to give up quite a bit," he said. "Yet [the Liberal government is] still leveraging it to reach people."

NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh had nearly 880,000 TikTok followers before he deactivated his account on Feb. 28

The Privy Council Office said Ottawa's TikTok ads are non-partisan and promote awareness of its services and programs. 

U.S. eyeing TikTok ban?

Last month, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada launched a joint federal and provincial investigation into TikTok over concerns the platform's collection, use and disclosure of personal data may not align with Canadian privacy legislation.

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner declined to comment on the federal government's TikTok ad campaigns while the investigation is still active. 

WATCH | Breaking down TikTok concerns:

The National's Ian Hanomansing asks cyber security experts Brian Haugli and Alana Staszcyszyn about how worried TikTok users should be about having the app on their devices.

Kotak said if the government were to actually ban TikTok for all Canadians, then it would have to drop all ads on the app.

Ottawa has not said whether it's considering a country-wide ban. According to TikTok, the U.S. has demanded that its Chinese owners sell their stakes in the app or face a possible ban there.

TikTok contends the divestiture would solve nothing. "A change in ownership would not impose any new restrictions on data flows or access," said an unnamed spokesperson in an email to CBC News. "The best way to address concerns about national security is with the transparent, U.S.-based protection of U.S. user data and systems."

TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew is set to testify before the U.S. Congress on Thursday to address concerns about the app's safety and security.

TikTok also argues that banning the app on government devices is a pointless exercise. "All it does is prevent officials from reaching the public on a platform loved by millions of Canadians," said the spokesperson. 

However, the federal government is still able to reach Canadians on TikTok via its ad campaigns. 


CRIMINAL CAPITALI$M

Venezuela oil czar in surprise resignation amid graft probes

Venezuelan Petroleum Minister Tareck El Aissami arrives to a signing ceremony with California-based Chevron, in Caracas, Venezuela, on Dec. 2, 2022. 
(Matias Delacroix / AP)

Regina Garcia Cano
The Associated Press
Published March 21, 2023 

CARACAS, VENEZUELA -

The man responsible for running Venezuela's oil industry -- the one that pays for virtually everything in the troubled country, from subsidized food to ridiculously cheap gas -- has quit amid investigations into alleged corruption among officials in various parts of the government.

Tareck El Aissami's announcement Monday was shocking on multiple counts. He was seen as a loyal ruling party member and considered a key figure in the government's efforts to evade punishing international economic sanctions.

And he led the state oil company PDVSA in a Venezuelan business sector widely considered to be corrupt -- in a country where embezzelment, bribery, money laundering and other wrongdoing are a lifestyle.

"Obviously, they are giving it the patina of an anti-corruption probe," said Ryan Berg, director of the Americas program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington-based think tank.

"Rule of law is not being advanced here," Berg added. "This is really a chance for the regime to sideline someone that it felt for some reason was a danger to it in the moment and to continue perpetuating acts of corruption once particular individuals have been forced out of the political scene."

Hours after El Aissami revealed his resignation on Twitter, President Nicolas Maduro called his government's fight against corruption "bitter" and "painful." He said he accepted the resignation "to facilitate all the investigations that should result in the establishment of the truth, the punishment of the culprits, and justice in all these cases."

Venezuela's National Anti-Corruption Police last week announced an investigation into unidentified public officials in the oil industry, the justice system and some local governments. Attorney General Tarek William Saab in a radio interview Monday said that at least a half dozen officials, including people affiliated with PDVSA, had been arrested, and he expected more to be detained.

Among those arrested is Joselit Ramirez, a cryptocurrency regulator who was indicted in the U.S. along with El Aissami on money laundering charges in 2020.

Corruption has long been rampant in Venezuela, which sits atop the world's largest petroleum reserves. But officials are rarely held accountable -- a major irritant to citizens, the majority of whom live on US$1.90 a day, the international benchmark of extreme poverty.

"I assure you, even more so at this moment, when the country calls not only for justice but also for the strengthening of the institutions, we will apply the full weight of the law against these individuals," Saab said.

Oil is Venezuela's most important industry. A windfall of hundreds of billions in oil dollars thanks to record-high global prices allowed the late President Hugo Chavez to launch numerous initiatives, including state-run food markets, new public housing, free health clinics and education programs.

But a subsequent drop in prices and government mismanagement, first under Chavez's government and then Maduro's, ended the lavish spending. And so began a complex crisis that has pushed millions into poverty and driven more than 7 million Venezuela to migrate.


PDVSA's mismanagement, and more recently economic sanctions imposed by the U.S., caused a steady production decline, going from the 3.5 million barrels a day when Chavez rose to power in 1999 to roughly 700,000 barrels a day last year.

David Smilde, a Tulane University professor who has conducted extensive research on Venezuela, said the moves by Maduro's government are more than just an effort to clean its image.

"Arresting important figures and accepting the resignation of one of the most powerful ministers in a case that involves $3 billion does not improve your image," he said. "It is probably because the missing money actually has an important impact on a government with serious budgetary problems."

The Biden administration recently loosened some sanctions, even allowing oil giant Chevron for the first time in more than three years to resume production. Maduro's government has been negotiating with its U.S.-backed political opponents primarily to get the sanctions lifted.

U.S. congressional researchers saw El Aissami as an impediment to Maduro's goals.

"Should Al Aissami remain in that position, it could complicate efforts to lift oil sanctions," a November report from the Congressional Research Center said.

The U.S. government designated El Aissami, a powerful Maduro ally, as a narcotics kingpin in 2017 in connection with activities in his previous positions as interior minister and a state governor. The Treasury Department alleged that "he oversaw or partially owned narcotics shipments of over 1,000 kilograms from Venezuela on multiple occasions, including those with the final destinations of Mexico and the United States."

Under the government of Chavez, El Aissami headed the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He was appointed minister of oil in April 2020.

"El Aissami was a key player in the Maduro government's sanctions evasion strategy. We're talking about someone who knows where all the bodies are buried, so it will be key to watch where he ends up," said Geoff Ramsey, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council focused on Colombia and Venezuela. "If El Aissami ends up being implicated himself, it could have serious implications for the entire power structure."

In September, Maduro's government renewed wrongdoing accusations against another former oil minister, Rafael Ramirez, alleging he was involved in a multibillion-dollar embezzlement operation during the early 2010s that took advantage of a dual currency exchange system. Ramirez, who oversaw the OPEC nation's oil industry for a decade, denied the accusations.

In 2016, Venezuela's then opposition-led National Assembly said $11 billion went missing at PDVSA in the 2004-2014 period when Ramirez was in charge of the company. In 2015, the U.S. Treasury Department accused a bank in Andorra of laundering some $2 billion stolen from PDVSA.


RELATED STORIES


Middlemen have left Venezuela's PDVSA with $21.2 billion in unpaid bills

By Marianna Parraga

 -Venezuela's state-run oil company PDVSA has accumulated $21.2 billion in accounts receivable, according to documents viewed by Reuters, after turning to dozens of little known intermediaries three years ago to export its oil under U.S. sanctions.

The internal disclosure of the enormous amount of unpaid sales - about 84% of PDVSA's total value of invoiced shipments - reveals for the first time the depths of revenue losses due to the withdrawal of established oil company buyers since 2020.

The scale of the receivables explains a January freeze on supply contracts by PDVSA's new boss Pedro Tellechea, who sought to halt unpaid cargoes immediately after taking office. A series of attempts to tighten contract terms came after some vessels absconded without payment in recent years.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro on Monday accepted the resignation of oil minister Tareck El Aissami, who served the government for two decades, amid a corruption probe focused on PDVSA and the judiciary. In recent days, the investigation has resulted in the jailing of dozens of officials.

El Aissami has said he will collaborate with the probe.

According to documents provided to the office of Venezuela's attorney general during a long-standing audit of PDVSA contracts, out of a total $25.27 billion in oil exports between January 2020 and this month, PDVSA was only able to confirm the reception of $4.08 billion in payments excluding some swaps like the one with Cuba, which means it has only successfully cashed 16% of exports, according to its count.


POTENTIALLY UNRECOVERABLE

The $21.2 billion in commercial accounts receivable includes about $3.6 billion of potentially unrecoverable bills tied to tankers that left the country without prepaying at least a portion of the cargoes' value, even though customers had agreed to those terms, according to the documents.

The accounts receivable also includes an outstanding balance to be paid by Iran for its receipt of cargoes from Venezuela since 2020 as part of an oil swap between the two countries, the documents show.

Some customers have fought PDVSA's count of failed payments by providing supporting documents that had not been registered with the state company's contract administration system, a company source said.

PDVSA and Venezuela's oil ministry did not immediately reply to a request for comment.

During the audit, PDVSA's departments of International Finances and Accountability said that according to documentation registered by the company's contract system, executives at the Trade and Supply division had been authorizing cargoes to leave Venezuelan waters without completing the payment verification process.


EXECUTIVES ARRESTED

PDVSA's former vice president of supply and trade, Antonio Perez Suarez, and about 20 executives who worked for him have been arrested, according to people familiar with the matter.

Reuters was unable to reach any representative of Perez Suarez for comment.

When the United States first imposed oil sanctions on PDVSA in 2019 in an effort to oust Maduro after a reelection that was denounced as a sham by opponents, PDVSA turned to units of Russian oil firm Rosneft ROSN.MM to trade most of its sales to Asia and to compensate for the loss of its main market, the United States.

But those Rosneft units faced sanctions by the U.S. Treasury Department in 2020, forcing PDVSA to first resort to a Mexico-based network of intermediaries that were also sanctioned by Washington, and later to dozens of less known middlemen, which exacerbated the failed payment issue.



Reporting by Marianna Parraga; Editing by Gary McWilliams and Daniel Wallis

 

Dark Microbiome in the Atacama Desert Highlights Life Detection Limits on Mars

Red Stone in the Atacama Desert. These rocks are similar to ones found in ancient lake beds and river deltas on Mars. Credit: Armando Azua-Bustos.

The search for life on other planets has long been of interest to humanity. However, we have been limited to what orbiters and their scientific instruments can detect and restricted to the specific locations of landers and rovers. Another approach is to study places on Earth with geologic and climatic resemblances to other planets. One such analog for Mars is the Atacama Desert in Chile. The Atacama is the oldest, driest desert on the planet, but life still thrives there.

Recently, Armando Azua-Bustos, from the Centro de Astrobiología in Madrid, Spain, and his team studied an alluvial fan delta called Red Stone in the Atacama Desert to test the limitations of scientific instruments designed to detect life. A slew of instruments and techniques that are either already on Mars or will be sent there were tested. While the instruments correctly determined sample mineralogy, concentrations of organics were generally near or below the detection limits of the instruments. The team also analyzed some biology. While Red Stone shares similarities to the sedimentary rocks of ancient Mars, it has about 1μg of DNA per gram of soil. Azua-Bustos’s team found that 8.9% of the identified DNA and RNA at Red Stone fell into an “unclassified” category, and another 40.8% could not be identified until looking at their distant relatives higher up the animal kingdom chain. They proposed the term “dark microbiome” to refer to microorganisms that can be detected but whose identity cannot be determined. In the case of Red Stone, this dark microbiome could be a species not found anywhere else on Earth, or it could be a relic of a species (or multiple species) that has died out and has no close relatives in existing databases. This adds to the already complex task of detecting past or present life on Mars and highlights the importance of sample return missions. READ MORE


U of A Students celebrate successful launch of wildfire-monitoring satellite

'The moment it launched there was a pin-drop silence,' says lead manager of the project



VIDEO
How artificial intelligence could change the way we fight wildfires


A student-built satellite from the University of Alberta that will capture images of active wildfires has made it into orbit after a successful launch last week.

The satellite Ex-Alta 2, a miniature satellite about the size of a loaf of bread and weighing about two kilograms, launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Centre aboard the Falcon 9 SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft on March 14.


"The moment it launched there was a pin-drop silence," Thomas Ganley, lead manager on the AlbertaSat's project, told CBC's Edmonton AM.

The atmosphere was celebratory and he and his teammates were there to watch the countless years of their hard work blast off into space as part of a resupply mission to the International Space Station.

"Everyone was in awe and just jaw dropped looking at the amazing marvel happening in front of us."

Students from various degrees at the University of Alberta have been working on the Ex-Alta 2 project for six years now (Submitted by Thomas Ganley and Nikhil Velagapudi)

The satellite, known as a cubesat, is a small, light and affordable device that will burn upon re-entry, meaning it doesn't leave behind space debris. Each mission could take up to a year to complete.

AlbertaSat builds cubesats composed of three units.

Ex-Alta 2 includes a multispectral camera, called an Iris, to take the images they need.

"We're going to be studying active wildfires post-burn, the effect on vegetation to hopefully enable wildfire scientists to make some conclusions that will help us mitigate wildfires in the future," Ganley said.

"It's quite impressive the amount of technology that you can pack into there and the really valuable science that you can still do with such a small size," he said.
Content continues below

Real space mission opportunity for students

Students from various degrees at the university have been working on the Ex-Alta 2 project for six years now. In 2017, they launched Ex-Alta 1.

Ex-Alta 1 was designed to study space weather and carried instruments that measured the electron density of the ionosphere, magnetic signatures and radiation of the spacecraft.

The student-built IRIS camera will photograph wildfires. (Liam Droog/AlbertaSat)

Both satellites are part of the Canadian Space Agency's Canadian CubeSat Project and the Northern Space Program for Innovative Research and Integrated Training (Northern SPIRIT), which aim to give students the opportunity to experience a real space mission.

The project is made up of a collaboration between three post-secondary institutions to create a nanosatellite design.

AlbertaSat worked with Yukon University and Aurora Research Institute in the Northwest Territories to build three cubesats.

"It really sets you up for leadership in the industry," said Nikhil Velagapudi, a third-year chemical engineering student.

"Having that leadership and management skills from an early age in the student group sector really helps us, it sets us up for success in the workforce."

AlbertaSat plans on partnering up with the Canadian Space Agency to develop a satellite that will monitor snow and ice in the country's northern region.

WATCH: What's that in the sky? How to identify that flash of light you just saw


Thumbnail courtesy of Nick Sorensen/AlbertaSat, background Samantha Cristoforetti/NASA.

The story, written by Ishita Verma, was originally published for CBC News.

Published on Mar. 21, 2023

Monday, March 27, 2023

Cyclone Freddy record claim in the eye of the storm

Robin MILLARD
Sun, 26 March 2023 


Cyclone Freddy's extraordinary journey will be reviewed in minute detail to verify whether its deadly track counts as the longest-lasting tropical storm, the world extreme weather records chief told AFP.

The cyclone crossed the entire southern Indian Ocean before wreaking death and destruction on southeastern Africa in February and March.

An international panel of experts will now spend months poring over the data to decide if it constitutes a new record in the Weather and Climate Extremes Archive run by the UN's World Meteorological Organization.

Randall Cerveny, the WMO's gatekeeper for world weather records, said the verdict rests on assessing the times when Freddy dipped below 34 knots -- 63 kilometres (39 miles) per hour -- before picking up speed again.

"The fundamental question will be: do we count the time when it was below tropical storm status?" said Cerveny, a professor of Geographical Sciences at Arizona State University who established the WMO archive in 2007.

The current record holder for the longest-lasting tropical cyclone is Hurricane/Typhoon John, which spent 31 days over the Pacific Ocean in 1994.

Freddie's total lifespan exceeded that -- but it will take months of deliberation to determine whether it constitutes a new record.

"We have to go back and do the hard work -- looking at the precise numbers and values," Cerveny said.

"It will take time but it will be a very comprehensive study."

- Experts can redefine meteorology -


The Geneva-based WMO's extreme weather archive contains a variety of records including temperature, air pressure, rainfall, wind speed, hail and lightning.

For each potential new record, Cerveny assembles a panel of world-leading experts in that field. The groups can vary in size from 10 people to more than 20, and they meet virtually.

For Freddy, scientists from the US National Hurricane Center, experts in monitoring hurricanes through satellite imagery, and national weather service meteorologists from around the Indian Ocean are all being lined up, alongside general climatologists.

"These scientists are the best of the best and so once they make a decision, I think everybody will be able to live with that," Cerveny said.

"These discussions can be really incredible. We've actually in past discussions rewritten some of the fundamental definitions in meteorology," he said, citing how lightning flashes are defined.

"I expect that's going to be the case here, when we make a decision as to whether we will work with the timeframe when Freddy was below tropical storm status."

- Freddy's deadly impact -

Freddy developed off north Australia and became a named storm on February 6.

It made landfall in Madagascar on February 21, crossing the island before reaching Mozambique on February 24, claiming lives in both countries.


Freddy tracked over Mozambique and Zimbabwe, bringing heavy rains and flooding.

It then looped back towards the coast, regained strength and hit Madagascar again before heading back over Mozambique and Malawi, where it caused around 500 deaths, with floods and mudslides sweeping away homes, roads and bridges.


Tropical storms derive their power source from warm water and therefore weaken over land. Freddy dissipated around March 14.

"The thing that saved it and made it such a long duration was continually moving back out over warm water," said Cerveny.

Once he gets the full raw data from the weather monitoring stations around the Indian Ocean, Cerveny will assemble a background report for the panel to kick off their deliberations.

"I have no doubts that we will find the right answer," he said.

- Records help track changes -


The current record holder, John, was determined from aircraft reconnaissance.

"Looking at the track data, it slipped below tropical storm status," said Cerveny.

"I'm talking to the people that made that determination and trying to figure out how did they decide? That is something we'll want to talk about."

Freddy could also be up for other records, such as the furthest-travelling storm.

But why does establishing records matter?

"The most important is climate change. If we want to see how things are changing we need to have a good baseline of what's happening now," said Cerveny.

"The water that's dropping from these tropical cyclones does appear to be increasing over time. We see wetter and wetter tropical cyclones. A lot more flooding."

Weather extremes data is also used for civil engineering planning: for example, the maximum wind speed that a bridge must be able to withstand.

Cerveny added: "Also, people in general like to know extremes."

rjm/apo/ea/lb
Biden finds his limits on Israel


Ohad Zwigenberg/AP Photo

Nahal Toosi
Mon, March 27, 2023 

The political crisis engulfing Israel is exposing the limits of American influence on the country — limits that are, to some degree, self-imposed.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s effort to overhaul Israel’s judiciary is the most direct cause of the recent chaos — prompting huge protests and strikes, with even Israeli military members speaking out in opposition.

Netanyahu’s goal: make changes to Israel’s judicial system that would, among other things, let Israeli lawmakers override court rulings — a move that critics fear will badly damage Israeli democracy.

Over the weekend, Netanyahu fired his defense minister for opposing the overhaul — sparking more protests and exposing cracks in the ruling coalition. On Monday, as more coalition members reportedly threatened to quit, Netanyahu announced he was putting the overhaul on hold and would seek a compromise measure.

Throughout the crisis, whose roots stretch back months, President Joe Biden and his aides tried to strike a balance with Israel: Keeping appeals and criticisms largely private, but going public on occasion with carefully worded statements designed to pressure Netanyahu to back off the overhaul plan. But those U.S. appeals didn’t seem to do the trick. Internal Israeli pressure has clearly been far more powerful.

The big question now is how much influence the United States still has with Netanyahu and what level of pressure it’s willing to apply when Netanyahu or his party take future destabilizing actions.
So the crisis is all about the judicial reform?

No. Netanyahu returned to power late last year— after the latest in a series of seemingly endless elections — by aligning himself with extreme right-wing figures, some of whom have racist, misogynist and homophobic views.

This has alarmed more moderate and left-leaning Israelis, whose political power is limited. Many worry that the far-right coalition now in charge of the country — some members of whom have extreme religious views — will undermine secular Israelis’ rights, not to mention those of Israeli Arabs, Palestinians and others.

To top it off, many of his critics suspect that the main reason Netanyahu is pushing the judicial overhaul and other initiatives desired by his far-right partners is so that they will ultimately protect him from prosecution in Israeli courts, where he’s facing corruption charges.
How are Biden and his aides reacting to all this?

Very, very cautiously.


For the most part, Biden administration officials have tried to keep their conversations with the Israelis private, and, even then, they tend to say things in carefully worded ways.

The administration has — often in a coded manner — warned Netanyahu that he needs to protect Israeli democracy. The administration also has stressed its support for LGBTQ rights and Palestinian rights in ways designed to signal to Netanyahu that he should rein in his extremist allies.

Administration officials have said they will hold Netanyahu responsible for his coalition, pointing out that he’s insisted he’s the one in charge. And top administration officials have refused to meet with far-right figures surrounding the Israeli prime minister.

But the Biden administration also insists that its commitment to Israel’s security is ironclad. The president has long said he will not impose conditions on the billions of dollars in security aid the U.S. provides to Israel, and there’s no sign he’s changed his mind about that.

While the administration insists that it does have some leverage over Israel — such as assisting it against attacks at the United Nations or helping it pursue deeper cooperation with some Arab states — the reality is that it has largely stuck to rhetoric as its main weapon.
Is it working?

Not really.


Just days ago, Biden spoke to Netanyahu, and the White House readout of the call emphasized that Biden wanted Israel to find a compromise on the judicial reform issue because it’s critical to safeguarding Israeli democracy.

“Democratic societies are strengthened by genuine checks and balances, and that fundamental changes should be pursued with the broadest possible base of popular support,” the readout said.

It was an unusually frank call, the readout suggested, especially given the usual niceties involved in the relationship. But in the days after, there was no sign that Netanyahu had taken Biden’s warnings to heart.

The Israeli leader proceeded ahead with the judicial reform plans. It wasn’t until Netanyahu’s coalition started to crack amid popular pressure that he began to rethink his stance this past weekend.
What factors must Biden consider when dealing with Israel?

First, there’s the pure national security aspect. Israel is a critical partner to the United States in the Middle East, especially when it comes to intelligence sharing about the various players in the region.

This is especially important in regard to Iran, a longtime U.S. and Israeli adversary with a nuclear program.

Second, there’s just a lot of history. The United States has always been a stalwart partner to Israel ever since it was created as a homeland for the Jewish people fleeing persecution in Europe and beyond.

Biden has been, for decades, a champion of Israel. He genuinely loves the country and the many successes it has achieved in its short existence.

Biden has often touted his friendship with Netanyahu, even when the latter has tested that friendship.

Israel also is a rare democracy in the Middle East. Many U.S. officials also want to keep good ties with Israel in part to resolve the lingering Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which has left the Palestinian people in misery for decades.

Third, there’s the question of how things could play out in America’s 2024 presidential campaign.

For many years, there was broad bipartisan support for Israel in the United States, and any president who criticized the country risked being attacked by members of his own party. This is changing, somewhat.

Generally speaking, Democrats are still strong supporters of Israel. But there has been growing worry in recent years among Democrats about Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians.

Netanyahu’s wholehearted embrace of former President Donald Trump angered many Democrats. His new government’s make-up also has alarmed even some of his strongest Democratic backers, suggesting Biden could feel pressure from his party to be tougher on Israel going forward.
Is the calculus different for the GOP?

Pro-Israel organizations are strong and politically active, and they command significant support from evangelical Christians in particular — an important Republican base.

In a sign of how strident the GOP support is for Israel, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell recently told Axios that Washington shouldn’t weigh in on the judicial overhaul plan, calling it an Israel internal matter.

Republicans eyeing the White House already are trying to prove their pro-Israel bona fides.

Some, such as former Trump administration Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, won’t say if they support a future state for Palestinians, for instance. Nikki Haley, the former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, has touted her many efforts to protect Israel at the world body.

But there are signs that Netanyahu’s overhaul plan goes too far for even some of Israel’s biggest supporters on the American right. Former Trump administration ambassador to Israel, David Friedman, is among those who’ve reportedly voiced concerns.

How much does the U.S. really care about the Middle East right now, given threats from Russia and China?

It still cares a lot.

The United States has military bases in the Middle East, and the region remains a key source of oil and gas for the world — one even more critical given the damage Russia’s war in Ukraine has done to energy markets.

Without question, the Biden administration believes the top threat to America’s long-term global power is China. But China — as well as Russia — is trying to gain influence in the Middle East amid perceptions that the United States is backing away from the region. That means the competition with those two countries will include the arena of the Middle East.

For the Biden administration, one key goal is to push for a more peaceful Middle East, with the idea that a more stable Middle East means the United States can focus more on the grander challenges posed by China and Russia.
Mexico will not prohibit Chinese-owned TikTok app, says president




Mon, March 27, 2023

MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - The Mexican government will not ban the popular video sharing social media application TikTok, the country's president said on Monday, even as the United States moves closer to a possible prohibition on the Chinese-owned app due to security concerns.

President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador vowed "complete freedom" when asked about the platform during his regular morning news conference, after TikTok's chief executive faced a grilling by U.S. lawmakers last week.

Some U.S. lawmakers are calling on the government to ban the app, alleging it could be used for sweeping data collection, content censorship and harm to children's mental health.

The Chinese foreign ministry said on Monday the United States has not presented any evidence that TikTok presents a threat to national security.- ADVERTISEMENT -

Meanwhile, Canada announced last month a ban on the app from government-issued devices, also citing risks to privacy and security.

Other countries and entities have also elected to ban TikTok.

(Reporting by Valentine Hilaire; Editing by Isabel Woodford)
Virgin Orbit extends worker furlough, continues funding talks -CEO


Virgin Orbit facility is seen, in Long Beach

Mon, March 27, 2023 at 4:48 PM MDT
By Joey Roulette

(Reuters) - Billionaire Richard Branson's cash-strapped Virgin Orbit Holdings will extend an unpaid furlough for most of its employees as talks seeking new funding continue, the company's chief executive said in an email to employees on Monday.

"Our investment discussions have been very dynamic over the past few days, they are ongoing, and not yet at a stage where we can provide a fulsome update," Virgin Orbit CEO Dan Hart wrote in the email seen by Reuters.

Virgin Orbit declined further comment.

Reuters reported last week that Texas-based Matthew Brown had been in talks to invest $200 million in the company. Those talks have collapsed, said two people familiar with the discussions who asked not to be identified. Brown declined to comment on Monday.

Virgin Orbit, teetering on bankruptcy after a January rocket failure and struggles to raise funds, furloughed nearly all its 750 employees on March 15 while it sought a financial lifeline that would allow it to focus on upgrading its launch business.

The rocket maker was spun out of Branson's space tourism firm Virgin Galactic in 2017. Branson owns a controlling stake of Virgin Orbit of roughly 75%.

A small group of employees were called back to work last week, while the others were to remain furloughed until at least Monday when Hart had been expected to provide an update in a company-wide virtual meeting.

"In order that we may provide you with meaningful details we have delayed the all-hands scheduled for today," Hart said in the email, which employees received minutes before the expected meeting was to begin. Hart added he expects a new company-wide meeting will take place "no later than Thursday."

Virgin Orbit shares were down 12% in after-hours trading Monday after closing down 26 cents, or 33%, at 54 cents a share.

(Reporting by Joey Roulette, Editing by Rosalba O'Brien)