SPACE
Astronomers explore the chromosphere of peculiar white dwarfs
Using the 3.6-m New Technology Telescope (NTT) at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, astronomers have observed three peculiar white dwarfs of the DAHe subtype. In their results, they found dipolar chromospheres in two of these objects. The findings were reported in a paper published July 5 on the preprint server arXiv.
White dwarfs (WDs) are stellar cores left behind after a star has exhausted its nuclear fuel. Due to their high gravity, they are known to have atmospheres of either pure hydrogen or pure helium. However, a small fraction of WDs shows traces of heavier elements.
DAHe (D: degenerate, A: Balmer lines strongest, H: magnetic line splitting, e: emission) is a relatively new and small class of magnetic white dwarfs that showcase Zeeman-split Balmer emission lines. To date, only a few dozen DAHe WDs are known. The first of them was GD 356—an isolated white dwarf discovered nearly 40 years ago.
A team of astronomers led by Jay Farihi of the University College London, U.K., decided to investigate three objects of this rare class, in order to better understand the nature of the entire population. For this purpose, they employed ULTRACAM—a frame-transfer CCD imaging camera mounted on the NTT telescope. The study was complemented by data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
"This study focuses on light curves and the resulting periodicities of three DAHe white dwarfs, using both ground- and space-based photometric monitoring," the researchers wrote.
The three observed DAHe WDs were: SDSS J125230.93−023417.7 (or SDSS J1252 for short), LP 705-64 and WD J143019.29−562358.3 (WD J1430). It turned out that the folded ULTRACAM light curves of SDSS J1252 and LP 705-64 exhibit alternating minima that are indicative of two distinct star spots 180 degrees out-of-phase during rotation. For WD J1430, the light curves reveal a single maximum and minimum.
The astronomers found that the amplitudes of the multi-band photometric variability reported for all the three DAHe white dwarfs are all several times larger than that in GD 356. They noted that all the known DAHe stars have light curve amplitudes that increase toward the blue in correlated ratios, which points to cool spots that produce higher contrasts at shorter wavelengths.
According to the authors of the paper, their findings suggest that some magnetic WDs create intrinsic chromospheres as they cool, and that no external source is responsible for the observed temperature inversion.
"Given the lack of additional periodic signals and the compelling evidence of DAHe white dwarf clustering in the HR diagram (Walters et al, 2021; Reding et al, 2023; Manser et al, 2023), an intrinsic mechanism is the most likely source for the spotted regions and chromospheric activity," the researchers concluded.
More information: J. Farihi et al, Discovery of Dipolar Chromospheres in Two White Dwarfs, arXiv (2023). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2307.02543
Journal information: arXiv
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Rensselaer faculty and alumni include upwards of 155 National Academy members, six members of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, six National Medal of Technology winners, five National Medal of Science winners, and a Nobel Prize winner in Physics. With nearly 200 years of experience advancing scientific and technological knowledge, Rensselaer remains focused on addressing global challenges with a spirit of ingenuity and collaboration. To learn more, please visit www.rpi.edu. Contact: For general inquiries: newsmedia@rpi.edu Visit the Rensselaer research and discovery blog: https://everydaymatters.rpi.edu/ Follow us on Twitter: @RPINews Astronomers discover striking evidence of ‘unusual’ stellar evolutionMagnetic activity plays key role in exoplanet habitability Peer-Reviewed PublicationCOLUMBUS, Ohio – Astronomers have found evidence that some stars boast unexpectedly strong surface magnetic fields, a discovery that challenges current models of how they evolve. 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While previous research revealed that the Beehive cluster is home to many stars that defy current theories of rotational evolution, one of Cao’s team’s most exciting discoveries was determining that these stars’ magnetic fields may be just as unusual – far stronger than predicted by current models. “To see a link between the magnetic enhancement and rotational anomalies was incredibly exciting,” said Cao. “It indicates that there might be some interesting physics at play here.” The team also hypothesized that the process of syncing up a star’s core and the envelope might induce a magnetism found in these stars that would have a starkly different origin from the kind seen on the sun. “We’re finding evidence that there’s a different kind of dynamo mechanism driving the magnetism of these stars,” said Cao. “This work shows that stellar physics can have surprising implications for other fields.” According to the study, these findings have important implications for our understanding of astrophysics, particularly on the hunt for life on other planets. “Stars experiencing this enhanced magnetism are likely going to be battering their planets with high-energy radiation,“ Cao said. “This effect is predicted to last for billions of years on some stars, so it’s important to understand what it might do to our ideas of habitability.” But these findings shouldn’t put a damper on the search for extraplanetary existence. With further research, the team’s discovery could help provide more insight into where to look for planetary systems capable of hosting life. But here on Earth, Cao believes her team’s discoveries might lead to better simulations and theoretical models of stellar evolution. “The next thing to do is verify that enhanced magnetism happens on a much larger scale,” said Cao. “If we can understand what’s going on in the interiors of these stars as they experience shear-enhanced magnetism, it’s going to lead the science in a new direction.” The study was supported by The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Science Foundation. Jennifer van Saders from the University of Hawaii was also a co-author. # Contact: Lyra Cao, Cao.861@osu.edu Written by: Tatyana Woodall, Woodall.52@osu.edu JOURNALThe Astrophysical Journal Letters METHOD OF RESEARCHObservational study ARTICLE TITLECore-envelope Decoupling Drives Radial Shear Dynamos in Cool Stars ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE17-Jul-2023 |
