'Stand tall': N.W.T. officials preparing for a battle against Hay River wildfire


'Stand tall': N.W.T. officials preparing for a battle against Hay River wildfire© Provided by The Canadian Press

YELLOWKNIFE — A wildfire official says the town of Hay River will be at risk over the next few days with strong winds and high temperatures making a dangerous situation even worse.

About 70 per cent of the territory's population — including some 20,000 residents of the capital, Yellowknife, and the 3,500 inhabitants of Hay River — have been out of their homes for nearly two weeks.

N.W.T. wildfire information officer Mike Westwick said that while some good progress has been made in the Yellowknife area, the risk in Hay River remains severe.

"We're reaching another really important juncture in this response. In Hay River, where fire has reached to within 1.5 kilometres away from the centre of town, we've seen three days that the fire has been shielded from the sun by the smoke," Westwick said Thursday.

He said that has meant lower temperatures, more moisture and less fire activity, which is about to change.

"We expect the tides to change on this with winds expected to reach 25 kilometres an hour gusting up to 50 or 60 kilometres an hour, very low levels of moisture and temperatures reaching the mid-to-high 20s," Westwick said.

"There's potential for some serious challenges."

Related video: N.W.T. wildfires: Wall of flames inch closer to Hay River community (Global News)   Duration 2:16   View on Watch

Westwick said his team, in conjunction with the Town of Hay River, has spent the last few days preparing for the worst. He said that work has included creating fuel breaks with heavy machinery, reinforcing them with fire retardant and setting up a huge network of sprinklers to protect structures.

"That team's going to stand tall and we're going to be ready to stand tall to fight that fire and keep our folks safe while we do so."

Hay River Mayor Kandis Jameson said the fire near her community is about 4,170 square kilometres or about six times the area of Edmonton. She says it has come close to the airport and town centre but has been held with little damage to any structures.

She said she has confidence in the firefighters, town staff and contractors who have been holding off the blaze.

"They will give us the best chance in the very challenging days ahead. The successes we have witnessed is indicative of the support that Hay River residents continue to have for each other," Jameson said.

The Northwest Territories government said it will be applying the Disaster Assistance Policy for communities and surrounding areas where widespread property or infrastructure damage has been experienced and recovery efforts are required.

"Our government recognizes the stress that residents, businesses and community officials are under at this time," Shane Thompson, the territory's minister of environment and climate change, said Thursday.

"The activation of this policy is one way we can provide financial assistance for those who have suffered damages from this year's devastating wildfires."

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 1, 2023.

The Canadian Press

Saskatchewan, New Brunswick naming changes means 'life or death' for trans kids: Ien

Story by The Canadian Press •



OTTAWA — Canada's minister for women, gender equality and youth says policies in Saskatchewan and New Brunswick that require parental consent before students under 16 can have schools use their preferred pronouns and names puts transgender and nonbinary kids in a "life-or-death situation."

And while Marci Ien declined to comment on whether Ottawa sees a role for itself in any potential court challenges, the cabinet minister said the Liberal government is keeping an eye on what unfolds.

"What I can tell you is that we're watching closely as this develops," she told The Canadian Press in an interview Wednesday.

"Obviously anything is possible, but I'm not going to comment on anything hypothetical at this time."

Saskatchewan recently became the second jurisdiction to change its policy around pronoun use and name changes for students younger than 16, making it a rule that teachers must first seek permission from those students' parents. The provincial government says the change originated out of concerns from parents and a desire to apply one uniform policy across all school divisions.

Premier Scott Moe signalled plans to make the change ahead of the coming school year, after the topic of parental consent over issues of sexual health, orientation and gender identity was in the summer spotlight.

The Saskatchewan government suspended Planned Parenthood from giving sexual health presentations in schools this spring after a Grade 9 student in Lumsden, north of Regina, took home a pamphlet containing graphic, sexual words. Planned Parenthood says the brochure, intended for older audiences, had been grabbed from a side table, where it had been inadvertently been mixed with other materials.

An August byelection in the riding where the high school is located saw the Saskatchewan United Party, a fledgling right-of-centre party, eat into the governing Saskatchewan Party's rock-solid rural vote after campaigning on the issue of "parental rights."

The changes to school policy in the province also means a pause on third-party organizations providing sexual education at schools.

In June, New Brunswick Premier Blaine Higgs became the first provincial leader to wade into the issue of parental consent, which has gained increasing traction among social conservatives.

That province previously had a policy that made it mandatory for teachers to use a student's preferred pronouns and names. They are now required to have parental consent to do so for students under 16.

The Progressive Conservative government clarified some aspects of the policy after a scathing report from the province's child and youth advocate warned the changes risk violating children's rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Now, psychologists, social workers and other school professionals will be permitted to use the preferred names and pronouns of students under 16 without parental consent. But it has doubled down on the central elements of its policy.

The concern over the rights of children is shared by a prominent national civil liberties group, which believes the policies ought to be challenged.

Related video: Students under 16 will now need parental permission to change pronouns in Sask. schools (cbc.ca)  Duration 1:41 View on Watch

"These policies have a discriminatory impact on trans and gender-diverse students," said Harini Sivalingam, director of equality programs at the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.

"For example, a cisgender student who wants to use a nickname doesn't need to seek parental consent, but a trans student would be required to. So this clearly has a discriminatory effect that will cause harm to trans students."

Ontario Education Minister Stephen Lecce also said Monday he thinks parents should know if their children choose to change their name or pronouns at school, but stopped short of committing to making any change.

Manitoba Progressive Conservative Leader Heather Stefanson also promised that if re-elected on Oct. 3, her government would give more "parental rights'' to families when it comes to the curriculum and presentations by outside groups at schools.

Egale Canada, a national LGBTQ+ organization, has asked Saskatchewan to suspend the change, saying if that does not happen it will seek a court injunction on behalf of the University of Regina's Pride Centre.

Moe cited recent opinion polling by the Angus Reid Institute that suggested at least half of those surveyed supported his government's approach to the issue, but Ien said she is concerned about kids' safety.

"This is a life-or-death situation and it's not about what do I think — it's looking to the numbers," she said.

A landmark 2018 study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found transgender youth who are able to use their preferred names and pronouns reported a 34 per cent drop in suicidal thoughts and a 65 per cent decrease in suicide attempts.

Last year, the Canadian Medical Association Journal concluded trans kids face a greater risk of suicide than their heterosexual peers.

In a statement Thursday, Saskatchewan government spokesman Matthew Glover said it "fundamentally disagrees with the federal government’s position that parents cannot be trusted to be involved in important decisions regarding their children's education," and remains committed to its policy.

Asked about what steps the Liberal government plans to take, Ien said it is "speaking up" and listening to the teachers as well as families with LGBTQ+ children who are directly affected by the policy shifts.

"We are vigorously watching and letting the community know, and it knows. It knows who has its back."

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said protecting the rights of LGBTQ+ Canadians is a priority for his government, rolling out an action plan last year with a promise to provide organizations with up to $75 million in funding.

NDP MP Randall Garrison, the party's critic for LGBTQ+ issues in Parliament, said in a statement that "Trudeau's words are not enough."

"His government must immediately implement concrete measures to protect 2SLGBTQI+ kids — like increasing funding for trans and gender-diverse organizations and making comprehensive gender-affirming health care a reality across Canada.”

Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre has said Trudeau should stay out of provincial matters, when asked about New Brunswick's policy change.

A video clip of an interview he gave to an ethnic broadcaster that recently circulated online shows him saying he believes "parents should be the final authority on the values and the lessons that are taught to children."

Next week, members of the Conservative Party grassroots will debate updating the party's policy book to state that a future Conservative government would prohibit the provision of gender-affirming care for minors, a proposal Poilievre has declined to comment on.

Sivalingam said the federal government could expand the Court Challenges Program, which helps fund constitutional test cases involving human rights, to cover laws and policies that are squarely in provincial jurisdiction. Right now, it covers only matters of national interest. That would allow advocacy groups to access funding to launch challenges.

"(This) is an important national issue affecting Canadians and all levels of government should really have this on their radar."

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Aug. 31, 2023.

Stephanie Taylor, The Canadian Press

Streets in Nepal turn colourful to mark 20th series of Pride parade

 

Sep 1, 2023 #nepal #lgbt #kathmandu

People from LGBT Community paraded across Kathmandu in a pride parade celebration. It coincides with the Gai Jatra festival in which people wish eternal peace for their deceased family members. The Pride parade marched through the inner alleyways of Kathmandu and congregated at the Army Pavilion. It aims to encourage individuals to step forward and openly present themselves to society. Hundreds of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgenders, Queer and Intersex persons took part in the parade. Attendees gathered around these couples to take selfies, offer support, and convey their well-wishes for success

Trump-era rule change allowing the logging of old-growth forests violates laws, judge says





PENDLETON, Ore. (AP) — A federal judge has found that a Trump-era rule change that allowed for the logging of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest violates several laws.

U.S. Magistrate Judge Andrew Hallman on Thursday found that the U.S. Forest Service violated the National Environmental Policy Act, the National Forest Management Act and the Endangered Species Act when it amended a protection that had been in place since 1994.

The findings came in response to a lawsuit filed by multiple environmental groups over the change.

Hallman recommended that the Forest Service’s environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact should be vacated and that the agency should be required to prepare a full environmental impact statement related to the change.

“The highly uncertain effects of this project, when considered in light of its massive scope and setting, raise substantial questions about whether this project will have a significant effect on the environment," Hallman wrote.

The Forest Service didn’t immediately respond to an email seeking comment. The agency has two weeks to object to the judge's findings and recommendations.

The protection changed by the Trump administration banned the harvesting of trees 21 inches (53 centimeters) or greater in diameter and instead emphasized maintaining a mix of trees, with trees at least 150 years old prioritized for protection and favoring fire-tolerant species.

The area impacted by the rule is at least 7 million acres (2.8 million hectares), approximately the size of the state of Maryland, on six national forests in eastern Oregon and southeast Washington state.

The Trump administration said the change, which went into effect in 2021, would make forests “more resistant and resilient to disturbances like wildfire.”

“We’re looking to create landscapes that withstand and recover more quickly from wildfire, drought and other disturbances,” Ochoco National Forest supervisor Shane Jeffries told Oregon Public Broadcasting at the time. “We’re not looking to take every grand fir and white fir out of the forests.”

The lawsuit, however, said the government’s environmental assessment didn't adequately address scientific uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of thinning, especially large trees, for reducing fire risk. The groups said the thinning and logging of large trees can actually increase fire severity.

The lawsuit, filed in federal court in Pendleton, Oregon, also said overwhelming evidence exists that large trees play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and mitigating climate change and that eastern Oregon is lacking those trees after “more than a century of high-grade logging.”

Greater Hells Canyon Council, Oregon Wild, Central Oregon LandWatch, Great Old Broads for Wilderness, WildEarth Guardians and the Sierra Club were all plaintiffs in the lawsuit with support from the Nez Perce Tribe.

Rob Klavins, an advocate for Oregon Wild based in the state's rural Wallowa County, said in a news release that he hopes the Forest Service will take this decision to heart and called on the Biden administration to stop defending the Trump-era rule change.

Earlier this year, President Joe Biden signed an executive order directing federal land managers to identify threats to older trees, such as wildfire and climate change, and develop policies to safeguard them.

As the Forest Service goes “back to the drawing board, we expect them to meaningfully involve all members of the public to create a durable solution,” Klavins said.

The Associated Press

Nova Scotia becomes first province to stop holding immigration detainees



Nova Scotia has become the first province to stop holding immigration detainees on behalf of the federal government.

Canada Border Services Agency says the province ended the practice of housing migrants in its jails on Aug. 8.

Other provinces have said they would stop holding immigration detainees, including British Columbia and Alberta.

However, both of those provinces have agreed to temporarily continue housing high-risk detainees in jails, but they are not accepting new inmates.


Saskatchewan is slated to end its agreement with the agency on Sept. 30, while Manitoba and Ontario are set to terminate their deals next year.

The agency says it does not have agreements with Prince Edward Island or Newfoundland and Labrador but works with them on a case-by-case basis.

CBSA says it considers several factors for detaining immigrants, including whether a person is inadmissible to Canada, poses a flight risk or is a danger to the public due to a criminal history.

The agency runs its own immigration detention centres in Laval, Que., Toronto, and Surrey, B.C.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 1, 2023.

Almost half of Canadians say workers' right to strike outweighs economic hit: report



Almost half of Canadians say workers' right to strike outweighs economic hit: report© Provided by The Canadian Press

For almost half of Canadians, the right to strike outweighs the risk of economic consequences, a new survey from the Angus Reid Institute found.

The report on how Canadians perceive unions comes after several high-profile labour disputes have made headlines across the country this year, from a month-long strike by Toronto-area Metro workers to the B.C. port strike earlier in the summer.

The survey found that Canada has "competing views about the value and cost of organized work in Canada, among union members and non-members alike," the report said.

Overall, three in five Canadians believe that unions have had a positive impact on the workers they represent, the institute said.

However, respondents were more divided on unions' impact on the Canadian economy, with 38 per cent saying it has been positive, while 32 per cent said it was negative.

Around three in five unionized workers said they're satisfied with how they are represented by their unions. However, women were somewhat more likely than men to say they didn't feel supported when they went to a union representative for assistance.

Amidst a recent string of unionization in workplaces that haven't historically been unionized, such as Starbucks stores, the institute asked non-unionized workers how they felt about the potential for their own workplace to organize.

Those workers were divided on whether they would support or oppose their own workplace unionizing, with young people far more likely to welcome it.

When asked how they thought public- and private-sector unions have afected the economy, Canadians in general, and unionized workers, men older than 54 were the most negative in their assessments, the institute said. In contrast, women aged 18 to 34 had the most positive responses.

It has been a busy, and at times challenging, year for unionized workers in Canada, the institute said in its report.

Unionized workers have been fighting for higher wage gains and other improvements as they seek to win back some of their lost purchasing power from breakneck inflation and rising interest rates.

They've been aided by a tight labour market that experts have said gives them a leg up in bargaining.

Just this week, workers at 27 Metro stores in the Greater Toronto Area ratified a new deal with the grocer that Unifor called "historic," after striking for more than a month. The union has said it plans to use this deal in upcoming negotiations with the grocers in order to try and make similar gains.

Earlier this year, 155,000 federal employees went on strike, one of the largest strikes in Canadian history, noted the report.

Politics also played a role in respondents' views on unions in the institute's survey.

Conservative voters were more likely to say unions in Canada are too powerful, while NDP voters were more likely to say unions aren't powerful enough. Liberal voters were somewhere in the middle, with half saying Canada is in the "Goldilocks zone of union power," according to the report.

The rate of unionization in Canada steadily declined between 1981 and 2022, according to Statistics Canada, from 38 per cent to 29 per cent, which is about where it sat in July 2023 as well.

Public-sector employees have a significantly higher unionization rate than private-sector employees: around three-quarters, compared with around 15 per cent.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 1, 2023.

U$A

Scientologists Tell Feds They Don't Want Randos Repairing Their E-Meters

Story by Kyle Barr •

The Scientology E-Meter and cans are show along with books by L. Ron Hubbard, founder of Chruch of Scientology, at the Church of Scientology community center in the neighborhood of South Los Angeles

© Photo: Kevork Djansezian (Getty Images)

L. Ron Hubbard’s famed E-Meters are only supposed to be used by a ‘minister’ or ‘minister-in-training,’ according to the Church of Scientology.

You can now include the Church of Scientology alongside big tech firms like Apple and tractor makers John Deere for groups that have opposed the right to repair.

Earlier this month, Authors Services, Inc., the organization that represents the late Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard’s literary works, sent a letter to the federal government advocating against consumer’s rights to repair devices used by people who “possess particular qualifications or [have] been specifically trained in the use of the device.” Despite the vague language, the statement seems to refer to E-Meters, the notorious device used to “audit” members of the “Church.”

The letter is dated Aug. 10 and was sent to the U.S. Copyright Office to contest the renewal of an exemption of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act allowing people to hack into consumer device software for the purpose of maintenance or repair. This refers to Section 1201 of the DMCA, also the “anti-circumvention” provisions that have allowed tech companies, tractor makers, and more to restrict users from repairing devices dependent on software. In 2021, The U.S. Copyright Office changed the rules allowing users to fix far more of their own software-enabled devices.

As first reported by 404Media, Author Services’ letter never specifically mentions E-Meters, but the language in the letter clearly indicates that Scientologists don’t want people to mess with devices not meant for laypeople, but those who negotiate a “pre-purchase license” for using the device.

Author Services legal affairs head Ryland Hawkins claimed in the letter his organization had “no objection” to the exemption for other devices with more ‘unilateral” licenses governing software terms of use. Instead, the Church of Scientology-backed organization would rather amend the original DMCA amendment to say it would not apply to devices restricted by its supplier to people who have been specifically trained to handle the procedure.

Gizmodo reached out to Hawkins for comment, but we did not immediately hear back. We also reached out to the U.S. Copyright Office on their comment period for this and other decisions coming down the pike, and we will update this story if we hear more.

The E-Meter, or “electropsychometer,” is described by the Church of Scientology as a “religious artifact” for the purpose of “auditing” members. From what we understand, an E-Meter sends an electrical current through a body and back into the device, which is why an E-Meter requires two grips. It measures electrical resistance in the human body, and its basic functions are believed to be present in other pieces of tech like the polygraph. But Scientologists have a much more convoluted explanation for the device’s readings that involves a person’s mental state and “thetan.”

While it’s not important to diagnose the entirety of Scientology, the important thing to note is that only properly trained “ministers” are supposed to use these devices. 404Media dug further into the actual EULA agreement for E-Meters, and there’s indeed a whole range of restrictions keeping regular users from accessing critical software, including a note that users need to have a login to register or update the device software. This also requires a membership number for the International Association of Scientologists.

One of the original software license agreements for the Hubbard Professional Mark Ultra VIII dated back to 2013 notes users would void a warranty if the software has been “used improperly or in an operating environment not approved by CSI or if the E-Meter casing has been opened.”

This exemption wouldn’t just impact Scientologist’s main auditing tool. Public Knowlege senior policy council Meredith Rose told 404Media it could also impact any device that could arguably require “qualifications” to use properly, or even if a device simply has a license agreement. U.S. PIRG senior director Nathan Proctor also told the outlet that the language could make it illegal to repair any product with an EULA.

Right-to-repair advocates are trying to move beyond what some might consider normal user-end devices. The company iFixit has appealed to the federal government to allow people to repair busted McDonald’s ice cream machines. It’s more of a test case to prove that monopolistic companies are hoarding their tech and the ability for customers to repair what they buy. If you’re so keen, you can get an E-Meter on eBay. Repair advocates may be the only thing standing in the way of being sued for digging into the E-Meters guts to find out where the real “thetan” lives.

CANADA

A cap on international students would cause more harm than good, educators say

Story by The Canadian Press •

Canada’s new housing minister Sean Fraser — immigration minister before last month’s cabinet shuffle — has already landed in the news after suggesting that capping the number of international students could reduce the country’s housing crisis.

Fraser floated the idea Aug. 21 at the cabinet retreat in Charlottetown, PEI.

It is a stark contrast to Fraser’s perspective on international students when he was federal immigration minister.

Shortly after Fraser brought up the notion of setting a cap to the number of international students admitted to the country to mitigate the housing pressure, Matthew Ramsey, Director of University Affairs at the University of British Columbia, responded that the institution did not endorse that solution. At the same time, several advocates were quick to point out that capping the number of international students would exacerbate the potential problems that aspiring international students are increasingly vulnerable to, including potentially unlimited tuition increases, risk of fraud, and diminishing labour prospects.

According to official Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) data, Canada currently has more than 800,000 active study permit holders, and their presence represents a $22.3 billion yearly contribution to the country’s economy.

The federal government’s list of designated learning institutions (DLI) shows Canada currently has 1,622 post-secondary institutions that are approved to accept international students with study visas. Most of these schools are in Ontario, Quebec and B.C.

International students pay substantially higher tuition at Canada’s top universities. For example, students at the University of Toronto, pay almost $60,000 per year — ten times as much as what Canadian students pay if they live outside the province of Ontario. Lisa Wallace, spokesperson for Universities Canada, suggested that, instead of placing a limit on the number of international students, the government should work with universities, many of which already offer housing solutions to incoming international students.

“Our institutions have long provided student housing and continue to build more purpose-built student rentals to meet growing demand,” Wallace said.

The federal housing minister’s remarks were also met with scepticism by public officials from various provinces, including Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan, where MP Michael Kram said that international students were a critical element in Saskatchewan’s long-term vision, and that cities like Regina do not face the same housing issues as more complex urban settings like Toronto.

Saskatchewan aims to follow the lead of its neighbour to the west, Alberta, which recently reached record high levels of international student arrivals.

Katrina King, spokesperson for Colleges and Institutes Canada, said in a statement that a cap on international students would have far-reaching consequences.

“Although implementing a cap on international students may seem to provide temporary relief, it could have lasting adverse effects on our communities, including exacerbating current labour shortages,” King said,

“Furthermore, we want to emphasize that students are not to blame for Canada’s housing crisis; they are among those most impacted.”

Javier Ortega-Araiza, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, New Canadian Media

Thursday's letters: Edmonton can do better than killing coyotes

Story by Edmonton Journal •1d

A pair of coyotes watch a group of cross-country skiers and couple of small dogs in Hawrelak Park on Tuesday, Feb. 14, 2023, in Edmonton.© Provided by Edmonton Journal

I’m very sad about the fate of at least two of the coyotes from our local ravine, who have been “removed” — meaning killed — by a team hired by Edmonton’s parks department. I heard directly from a park ranger that the local “alpha male” of the family and one other had been “removed”. I find this especially sad because my dog and I regularly see the supposed “alpha”, who was a non-aggressive older animal with a slight and longstanding leg injury.

And because such a “fix” is bound to be temporary: when coyotes are killed, other coyotes often move into their territories and any remaining females begin having larger litters. The killing flows directly from citizens’ complaints about the coyotes: complaints that are often based on fear arising from ignorance and common myths about these animals.

The advice on the city’s website is actually very good: advising respect for coyotes and co-existence with humans. The advice includes keeping a distance from them, never feeding them, and, when possible, hazing them by yelling, waving arms, throwing small things at them, moving towards them, etc.

Coyotes are beautiful, extraordinarily intelligent and adaptable animals. We share our river valley and ravines with them and we can learn to co-exist with them.

Gerry Potter, Edmonton

10 tips to help prevent conflicts between people and coyotes | Watch (msn.com)

 

Pedigree approach estimates surprising genetic mutation rate in baleen whales

Peer-Reviewed Publication

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE (AAAS)

A new estimate of the genetic mutation rate in four wild species of baleen whales suggests that these rates are higher than previous estimates, with some interesting implications for calculations of past whale abundance and low cancer rates. For instance, the new mutation rate determined by Marcos Suárez-Menéndez and colleagues reduces estimates of abundance in pre-exploitation whale populations by 86%, which has implications for population-rebuilding goals of whale conservation programs. The mutation rate—the probability of a nucleotide substitution per genetic site per generation—is difficult to calculate for many species but is used often to estimate important evolutionary and population changes. As A. Rus Hoelzel and Michael Lynch note in a related Perspective, mutation rates among nuclear genomes can vary 10,000-fold across all living organisms. Many mutation rate estimates come from a phylogeny approach, where mutations in similar parts of the genome are compared between related species that branched off from one another at known times in the past. The pedigree approach, which samples and measures mutations between generations of natural populations, provides a more direct estimate, but can be difficult to achieve in wild animals. Suárez-Menéndez et al. looked at mutation rates in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from skin samples collected from North Atlantic blue, fin, bowhead, and humpback whales—21 genomes from parent-offspring “trios.” The rates they calculated were much higher than had been previously calculated for large mammals, which are thought generally to have slow mutation rates. Instead, the researchers found the rate comparable to rates in primates and similar smaller bodied mammals. Among the implications of this new estimate: the relatively low rates of cancer among these giant mammals may not be related to a low mutation rate, as some have suggested.

---

JOURNAL

Science

DOI

10.1126/science.adf2160 

ARTICLE TITLE

Pedigrees provide a new perspective on mutation rates and historic abundance in baleen whales

ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE

1-Sep-2023