Thursday, November 02, 2023

Tom Cruise’s ‘Mission: Impossible — Dead Reckoning’ Inspired President Biden to Bolster Security Against AI Threats

Samantha Bergeson
 IndieWire
Wed, November 1, 2023 


Tom Cruise has saved cinema, and now, maybe the United States?

Cruise’s “Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One” franchise installment allegedly inspired President Joe Biden to issue an executive order for new security measures involving artificial intelligence.

Deputy White House chief of staff Bruce Reed told the Associated Press that the president became more concerned over AI threats after watching the film, directed by Christopher McQuarrie.

“If he hadn’t already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about,” Reed said.

“Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One” follows Cruise’s Ethan Hunt as he battles the Entity, a sentient AI program that infiltrates every possible security program on an international scale.

Both Reed and Biden watched the movie at Camp David. Reed noted that, additionally, Biden was “impressed and alarmed” after seeing “fake AI images of himself” and discovering the “terrifying technology of voice cloning.”

“Biden was profoundly curious about the technology in the months of meetings that led up to drafting the order,” Reed said, adding that the president met with scientists that explained the possible uses of AI.

The executive order will direct “the most sweeping actions ever taken to protect Americans from the potential risks of AI systems,” including developing standards, tools, and tests to ensure safety in AI systems and requiring AI developers to share their safety test results and other information with the U.S. government. The order also directs guidance for “content authentication and watermarking to clearly label AI-generated content” to protect against fraud via AI.

The uses of AI are currently part of the ongoing SAG-AFTRA strike negotiations with the AMPTP, as well as being a key issue in the now-resolved WGA strike. Directors Christopher Nolan and Nicolas Winding Refn have spoken out about the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools in the landscape of filmmaking.

Refn exclusively told IndieWire that ChatGPT will “shut down” any content deemed “controversial or themes that are not acceptable anymore.”

“So for me, it’s almost like if your work is approved by a chat, that’s a great alert system to rewrite,” Refn said. “It was very interesting trying it because I thought I was going to use it creatively, but I really ran into always disagreeing with it. So I just stopped using it, and that was that.”



The White House just revealed a key factor driving Biden’s new order to rein in AI: The latest Tom Cruise ‘Mission: Impossible’ movie
Paige Hagy, Rachyl Jones
Wed, November 1, 2023 


Hollywood action star Tom Cruise has long been a powerhouse at the box office, with Top Gun: Maverick grossing more than $1.4 billion worldwide and the Mission Impossible franchise grossing more than $4 billion. Now, his influence has extended to the White House.

President Joe Biden watched Cruise’s newest movie, Mission: Impossible — Dead Reckoning Part One, at Camp David recently. The film’s antagonist is a sentient, rogue AI known as “the Entity,” and it helped inspire Biden to sign an executive order on Monday establishing guardrails for artificial intelligence.

“If he hadn’t already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about,” Bruce Reed, White House deputy chief of staff who watched the film with Biden, told the Associated Press.

The executive order will require leading AI developers—like tech giants Google, Microsoft, and Amazon—to share their safety test results and other information with the government. The order also establishes rigorous standards for testing the security of AI, sets guidance for clearly identifying and labeling AI-generated content, and protects people from their data being used to train AI without their knowledge.

It’s unclear when Biden actually watched the Mission: Impossible sequel, which premiered on July 12. But the executive order was months in the making and the president was both “impressed and alarmed” by the technology prior to watching the movie, according to Reed.

“He saw fake AI images of himself, of his dog. He saw how it can make bad poetry. And he’s seen and heard the incredible and terrifying technology of voice cloning, which can take three seconds of your voice and turn it into an entire fake conversation,” Reed said.
'We can’t move at a normal government pace'

In recent months, tech and ethics leaders have called on the White House to take action on the new technology. In one such meeting with Washington officials earlier this year, some of the most powerful voices in AI—including OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, and Google CEO Sundar Pichai—discussed the risks and benefits of the technology and the need for safeguards.

The Biden administration previously secured voluntary commitments from Big Tech companies to share AI safety information and published the outline for an “AI Bill of Rights” to guide the design and use of AI systems, but Monday’s order was the first with real legal power. Under the executive order, which is enforceable as law, the government can sue companies that don’t share safety test results and other information. Consumers can expect to see additional regulations resulting from the order, experts told Fortune.

Tech is especially difficult to regulate because innovations in the quickly moving industry often outpace the legislation. Biden’s executive order is vague at times—saying the government will “develop tools” without disclosing what they are—but that’s in recognition of the quickly advancing technology, experts told Fortune. If Biden listed specific goals in his order, they might be outdated by the time the government achieves them. By keeping the language fuzzy, the administration can continue to deliver on promises it made in the Monday order as AI technologies evolve.

“We can’t move at a normal government pace,” White House Chief of Staff Jeff Zients said Biden told him, the AP reported. “We have to move as fast, if not faster than the technology itself.”

Joe Biden Felt More Pressure to Create AI Safeguards After Watching the New “Mission: Impossible”

Virginia Chamlee
 People.
Wed, November 1, 2023 

The president's ambitious executive order on artificial intelligence came after seeing false images of himself online — and watching the AI villain in 'Mission: Impossible — Dead Reckoning Part One'


Jonathan Ernst - Pool/GettyJoe Biden

President Joe Biden's ambitious executive order on artificial intelligence came about in part due to the villain in the summer blockbuster Mission Impossible: Dead Reckoning Part One.

That's according to deputy White House chief of staff Bruce Reed, who told the Associated Press that Biden recently watched the film — which centers on a sentient AI that hijacks and sinks a submarine — at Camp David.

“If he hadn’t already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about,” Reed told AP.

Reed added that the president has other concerns about AI, stemming from false images he's seen of himself and his family online.

“He saw fake AI images of himself, of his dog. He saw how it can make bad poetry," Reed told the outlet. "And he’s seen and heard the incredible and terrifying technology of voice cloning, which can take three seconds of your voice and turn it into an entire fake conversation.”


AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster Joe Biden and Kamala Harris walk and talk outside the White House

On Monday, Biden signed an executive order on the "safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence."

The order is meant to "ensure that America leads the way in seizing the promise and managing the risks of artificial intelligence," according to the White House, and establishes new standards for AI safety and security. The order also requires AI companies to test some of their products and share the results with the government before rolling them out widely to consumers.

It will be supplemented by guidance from the Commerce Department on labeling and watermarking content that is AI-generated, so that authentic footage and imagery can be differentiated from that generated by software (which, in theory, could limit the threat posed by deepfakes).

Related: How the Biden Campaign Is Using Republicans' Own Words Against Them

Greg Nash/The Hill/Bloomberg via Getty Images U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris

Meanwhile, Vice President Kamala Harris delivered a major policy speech on AI on Wednesday at the Global Summit on AI Safety in the UK to announce the administration's new policy initiatives. Harris' attendance at the summit aims to boost collaboration with other nations and strengthen international norms around AI safeguards.

"President Biden and I reject the false choice that suggests we can either protect the public or advance innovation. We can and we must do both," Harris said in her remarks. "The actions we take today will lay the groundwork for how AI will be used in the years to come."

She concluded by calling for world leaders to "seize this moment" for responsible innovation, saying, "The benefits of AI are immense. It could give us the power to fight the climate crisis, make medical and scientific breakthroughs, explore our universe, and improve everyday life for people around the world."

Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from juicy celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.

Artificial intelligence has proved a hot topic as of late, including in the entertainment industry, where members of the Screen Actors Guild who are currently on strike have warned about the potential threats it imposes on them.




Biden Apparently Got Scared of AI After Watching the New "Mission: Impossible"
Victor Tangermann
Wed, November 1, 2023


Spooked

Earlier this week, US president Joe Biden signed a sweeping executive order on artificial intelligence, setting up new directives to keep humanity safe from a number of dystopian doomsday scenarios.

And now, thanks to a recent PBS interview with deputy White House chief of staff Bruce Reed, we've gotten a glimpse of what may have inspired the 80-year-old to sign the new order.

According to Reed, Biden caught up with the latest Hollywood action blockbuster "Mission: Impossible — Dead Reckoning Part One" at the president's Camp David country retreat earlier this year.

And, against all odds, the grossly exaggerated depiction of AI seems to have struck a nerve with the aging president.
The Entity

Without risking any spoilers, the movie features an evil AI called "the Entity" that triggers a disastrous sequence of events. The movie is as ludicrously far-fetched as it is fun to watch, an action-packed and borderline nonsensical take on the subject that's rife with cliches.

In short, the movie isn't much more than an enjoyable, smooth-brained diversion — and not a warning about the actual future of AI.

But the movie clearly hit a nerve at Camp David, with Reed, who watched the movie with Biden, recalling in his interview with PBS that "if he hadn’t already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about."

We're not alone in having some serious reservations when it comes to the "godlike" AI portrayed in the movie. When The Washington Post asked Alex Hanna, director of research at the Distributed AI Research Institute, if the "Entity" is an accurate portrayal of what an AI is capable of earlier this year, he had a straightforward answer.

"No," he said. "It's absurd," adding that its ability to "hack into basically any electronic system" is "pretty ridiculous."

Other than watching an incorporeal AI villain threaten the world with its cyberterrorism campaign, Biden also was shown "fake AI images of himself, of his dog," Reed told PBS. He also apparently "saw how it can make bad poetry."

And if that isn't an impetus to sign sweeping regulations to stop AI from destroying the world, we don't know what is.

More on Biden's order: Joe Biden's Executive Order on AI Is Expansive, But Vague

President Biden's AI worries were deepened by a 'Mission Impossible' villain

Jordan Hart
 Business Insider
Wed, November 1, 2023


President Joe Biden had some real-word takeaways after watching the new "Mission Impossible" movie.

The latest installment — featuring a nonhuman villain — left Biden more concerned about AI.

Biden signed an executive order enacting stricter regulations on AI on Monday.


The AI villain from "Mission Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One" may have had influence beyond the world of Ethan Hunt.

President Joe Biden watched the series' latest installment at Camp David, and it heightened his worries about the capabilities of artificial intelligence, Bruce Reed, deputy White House chief of staff, said.

"If he hadn't already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about," Reed told Associated Press.

In the film, a rogue sentient AI known as "the Entity" wreaks havoc on humanity. Cruise's Hunt is tasked with fighting the nonhuman threat.

On Monday, Biden signed a broad executive order that hopes to create safer artificial intelligence.

"AI is all around us," Biden said before signing the order. "To realize the promise of AI and avoid the risk, we need to govern this technology."

The order demands that major tech companies communicate the risks of their AI models with the federal government, particularly risks to national security, public health, and the economy.

It also targets misinformation and deep fakes by mandating a system of authentication and watermarking around government communication.

"I've watched one of me," Mr. Biden said. "I said, 'When the hell did I say that?'"

Major players in AI development have voiced concerns over the direction technology is heading and its relationship with humans. George Hinton, a man considered a godfather of AI, said he's worried about AI eventually outsmarting and manipulating humans.

Sam Altman, the CEO of ChatGPT-maker OpenAI, has laid out multiple "deep misgivings" about AI, from people becoming more emotionally connected to their AI friends to "lights out for all of us."




Biden’s AI concerns were fuelled by a Mission: Impossible movie night

Gustaf Kilander
Wed, November 1, 2023 



Joe Biden’s concerns about the rapid development of artificial intelligence were boosted after watching the most recent Mission Impossible film during a weekend spent at the presidential retreat Camp David in rural Maryland.

The president was engaged in meetings about the technology in the months that preceded the signing on Monday of an executive order governing the use of AI.

Mr Biden met twice with the Science Advisory Council to discuss AI and he brought up the technology during two cabinet meetings.

At several gatherings, Mr Biden also pushed tech industry leaders and advocates regarding what the technology is capable of.

Deputy White House Chief of Staff Bruce Reed told the Associated Press that Hollywood added to Mr Biden’s concern outside of the official meetings - when he watched Mission: Impossible — Dead Reckoning Part One one weekend at Camp David. At the beginning of the film, the antagonist, an AI called “the Entity”, sinks a submarine, killing its crew.

“If he hadn’t already been concerned about what could go wrong with AI before that movie, he saw plenty more to worry about,” Mr Reed told the AP.

As for the official meetings, Mr Reed said that Mr Biden “was as impressed and alarmed as anyone” about what he was shown.

“He saw fake AI images of himself, of his dog,” he added. “He saw how it can make bad poetry. And he’s seen and heard the incredible and terrifying technology of voice cloning, which can take three seconds of your voice and turn it into an entire fake conversation.”

The AI-created images and audio prompted Mr Biden to push for the labelling of AI-created content. He was also concerned about older people getting a phone call from an AI tool using a fake voice sounding like a family member or other loved one for the purpose of committing a scam.

Meetings on AI often went long, with the president once telling advocates: “This is important. Take as long as you need.”

Mr Biden also spoke to scientists about the possible positive impacts of the technology, such as explaining the beginning of the universe, and the modelling of extreme weather events such as floods, where old data has become inaccurate because of the changes caused by the climate crisis.

On Monday at the White House, Mr Biden addressed the concerns about “deepfakes” during a speech in connection with the signing of the order.

“With AI, fraudsters can take a three-second recording of your voice, I have watched one of me on a couple of occasions. I said, ‘When the hell did I say that?’” Mr Biden said to laughter from the audience.

“A three-second recording of your voice to generate an impersonation good enough to fool your family, or you. I swear to God. Take a look at it. It’s mind-blowing. And they can use it to scam loved ones into sending money because they think you are in trouble.”

“We can’t move at a normal government pace,” White House Chief of Staff Jeff Zients quoted Mr Biden as telling his staff, according to the AP. “We have to move as fast, if not faster than the technology itself.”

Mr Biden believes that the US government was late to the game to take into account the risks of social media, leading to the related mental health issues now seen among US youth.

While AI may help drastically develop cancer research, foresee the impacts of the climate crisis, and improve the economy and public services, it may also spread fake images, audio and videos, with possibly widespread political consequences. Other harmful effects include the worsening of racial and social inequality and the possibility that it can be used to commit crimes, such as fraud.

The White House said on Monday that the sweeping executive order will address concerns about safety and security, privacy, equity and civil rights, the rights of consumers, patients, and students, and supporting workers.



President Biden Worried About AI After Watching Latest Mission: Impossible

Zack Zwiezen
Wed, November 1, 2023 


President Joe Biden signed an executive order designed to create the first real US regulations and suggestions about artificial intelligence on October 30. The order came after months of meetings about AI tech, though the White House also confirmed that, strangely, the new Mission: Impossible film played a part in its signing.

If you’ve not been paying attention for the last year, you might have missed that AI-powered tools and software have become the hot thing as tech companies run like rats from the sinking ships that are NFTs and the metaverse. While it’s the shiny new toy all tech bros worship, AI also has a lot of controversy surrounding it. Artists and authors are rightfully upset that AI scrapes their work to create new images or text without paying them a dime. The tech has also been used to create silly content that likely upsets big companies like Nintendo and also has led to some really disturbing stuff featuring dead kids talking about actual murders. Overall, not great! And while it’s taken far too long, the US government finally seems interested in trying to control this nightmare tech.

 Thanks to… Tom Cruise?

Of course, it wasn’t just Mission: Impossible that convinced Biden to do something about AI, with Reed telling the AP that the president was “impressed and alarmed” after being shown fake videos and images of himself and his dog. But like any good boomer, it took a silly movie about scary terrorists to help Biden understand what was going on. Whatever it takes to slow down and control AI technology, I guess.

A mystery disease hit South Africa's pine trees 40 years ago: new DNA technology has found the killer

Andi Wilson, University of Pretoria; 
Brenda Wingfield, University of Pretoria,
Michael John Wingfield, University of Pretoria
Tue, October 31, 2023 
THE CONVERSATION

An unidentified fungal killer swept through a South African pine plantation in the 1980s. 
Rodger Shagam


In the 1970s and 1980s, pine trees growing in various forestry plantations in South Africa’s Western Cape province began to die in patches. These trees succumbed to a mysterious root disease and the patches expanded gradually. Spontaneous regrowth of seedlings in the patches died dramatically.

As in many other true crime dramas, the finger was initially pointed at the most likely suspect: the root-infecting Phytophthora cinnamomi. Its name – plant (phyto) destroyer (phthora) – reveals its power to cause harm; the pathogen is known to cause disease in almost 5,000 different plants.

After further investigation and the collection of many samples, tree pathologists shifted the blame onto the fungus Leptographium serpens (now known as Leptographium alacre). This fungus is well known to be transported by insects and was previously only known in Europe. It was visually identified from the roots of the dying trees. Now it was the prime suspect.

Doubts lingered, though. Most Leptographium species are not known to act as primary disease agents and so L. serpens was most likely not able to cause the disease. Other fungi were also found within the roots of the diseased trees but could not be identified at the time due to a lack of more advanced techniques.

Knowing that the then-available technologies could not provide the complete answer to this mystery, the pathologists took more samples from the dead and dying pine trees, and stored them carefully. The hope was that one day they would have a better idea of the cause of this disease outbreak.

Fast forward to 2023 and a new character enters the mystery: DNA sequencing. This modern technology did what wasn’t possible a few decades ago, allowing our team of molecular mycologists to identify the real culprit.

This tale is a testament to the ever-evolving nature of scientific inquiry. It reinforces the idea that, in the pursuit of knowledge, no stone should be left unturned and no assumption should be taken for granted. Through a blend of perseverance, technology, and a touch of serendipity, it was possible to solve a decades-old mystery.

Tracking a killer

Back in the 1980s the samples were stored in the culture collection of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute at the University of Pretoria. In 2020, the samples were revived by a team that included ourselves and several others who recently published a paper on the topic.

We sequenced the samples’ DNA to reveal their unique genetic code. By comparing this code against genetic databases, it was possible to figure out exactly what was causing the tree disease. And so, more than four decades after the disease was first described, the pathogen was finally identified as Rhizina undulataL. serpens, the long time primary suspect, was finally exonerated.

Rhizina undulata is well known to cause tree disease and death, mainly in Europe. This fungus is known colloquially as the “coffee fire fungus” because the intense heat caused by fires made by campers in a forest to brew coffee activates its dormant spores. This allows it to colonise the roots of conifers, including pines. R. undulata is also well known in South Africa, where it kills many pines in the aftermath of forest fire and when trees are felled to clear a plantation.

What remains a mystery, however, is the trigger that activated this fungus in the Western Cape plantations. No fires were known to have occurred during the relevant time period.

One potential clue to the trigger may lie in the soil in which these trees were planted. Known as Table Mountain sandstone, this soil is sandy and acidic. Acidic soil has been shown in the laboratory to encourage R. undulata growth. This naturally occurring acidity may have been the nudge the pathogen needed to infect the pine trees. It is also possible that the fungus was activated by heat radiating from the quartz rocks that are common in the areas in which the dying trees were planted.

It pays to be patient

In the years since the mysterious Western Cape outbreak, R. undulata has become well known to foresters in pine plantations in other parts of South Africa and has done great damage to newly planted trees after fires. These fires can be accidental or due to what is known as slash-burning after trees are harvested.

Identifying R. undulata as the culprit in those (no longer active) Western Cape plantations means scientists have more data that might help to better understand the biology of the fungus – which may lead to better control strategies in the future.

Our work is also a testament to the timeliness of scientific progress and the importance of patience. This story could only be fully unravelled when more advanced techniques were developed. It shows the power of modern technologies to solve historical problems. This underlines the need for continued investment into research and the development of new tools, both in South Africa and worldwide.

Our study also strongly advocates for the preservation of diverse fungal cultures for extended periods of time, regardless of their perceived importance at the time they are collected. The lack of accessible culture collections for lesser-known fungi, in South Africa and internationally, highlights the need for innovative approaches to safeguard these invaluable resources. This shift could revolutionise the study of microbes, opening new avenues beyond traditional species descriptions.

This article is republished from The Conversation, a nonprofit news site dedicated to sharing ideas from academic experts. The Conversation has a variety of fascinating free newsletters.

It was written by: Andi WilsonUniversity of PretoriaBrenda WingfieldUniversity of Pretoria, and Michael John WingfieldUniversity of Pretoria.

Read more:

Andi Wilson receives funding from the National Research Foundation through a Scarce Skills Postdoctoral Fellowship.

Brenda Wingfield receives funding from South African Department of Science and Innovation. DSI-NRF SARChI chair in Fungal Genomics

Michael John Wingfield has previously received Grant funding from the South African National Research Foundation and the Department of Science and Innovation as the director of the DSI/NRF Center of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology

PARTHENOGENESIS

Rare ‘virgin birth': Baby shark asexually reproduced at Brookfield Zoo, second in the US


Sarah Al-Arshani, USA TODAY
Thu, November 2, 2023 at 1:19 PM MDT·2 min read

In a rare instance, a shark at Brookfield Zoo gave birth through asexual reproduction.

The Zoo, located just outside of Chicago. announced on Wednesday that the Epaulette shark pup hatched on Aug. 23. This is believed to be the second time an epaulette shark was asexually reproduced in a US zoo.

The shark pup was born to a female shark who had not been housed with a male shark since she arrived at the facility in 2019.

The embryo had developed in a process known as parthenogenesis, which means it grew without being fertilized by a males genetic material. Even more fascinating, the female shark was only 3-years-old when this happened. The species typically reaches sexual maturity when they're around 7 years old.

According to a press release, the female shark began laying eggs every month beginning last year. Most of the eggs were infertile, except one that was fertile. Five months later, the egg hatched, and is now two months old and approximately five to six inches long. It can grow to be as long as three feet.

The new pup can now be seen living in one of the Zoo's habitats.

“We are happy to report that our epaulette pup has been eating well on her diet of finely chopped capelin, minced squid tentacles, and other finely chopped seafood. Our colleagues at New England Aquarium have been a great resource as shark pups produced parthenogenetically can be very delicate,” Mike Masellis, a lead animal care specialist at Brookfield Zoo said in the press release.


Pictured is a new epaulette shark (Hemiscyillum freycineti). A epaulette shark at the Brookfield Zoo has asexually reproduced a shark pup. This is only the second time this has happened in the U.S.

More: 'Jaws' may need a remake: Drone images show sharks living in harmony with humans: Graphics
Only the second asexually reproduced Epaulette shark in US

According to the zoo, while parthenogenesis naturally occurs in some invertebrates, it's not very common with sharks.

The only other known instances of an Epaulette shark born this way came from the New England Aquarium. The female sharks at Brookfield Zoo came from the New England Aquarium.

Other species of sharks have also reproduced asexually in the past. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported that this has been seen in at least two species of sharks.

New study shows nearly 80% of Gen Z shares this one dietary habit — and it’s growing in popularity

Jeremiah Budin
Thu, November 2, 2023 



Studies continue to reveal that Gen Z is more concerned about the effects of human-driven pollution than older generations.

Not only are younger people more concerned, but they are also more willing to take action to help address the problem. One new study has shown that 79% of the Gen Z population chooses to go meatless at least once a week, while 65% say they want a more plant-forward diet.

There is a significant link between livestock farming, particularly factory farming, and the continued overheating of our planet. One widely cited study says that animal agriculture accounts for 16.5% of all human-caused planet-overheating gases, similar to the total output from all global transportation.

Animal agriculture also accounts for 65% of the world’s nitrous oxide pollution. Nitrous oxide has heat-trapping capabilities almost 300 times as severe as carbon dioxide.

And as plant-forward diets become more fashionable for young people, there is a growing awareness that you don’t have to cut out meat entirely to make positive steps toward more environmentally conscious choices. “Flexitarian” diets are now becoming more popular than full-on vegetarian or vegan diets.

The research supports these choices. One study showed that if the biggest meat-eaters in the United Kingdom simply switched to low-meat diets, the overall impact would be equivalent to taking 8 million gas-powered cars off the road.

At least one group, however, seems to have little interest in flexitarian diets. Men aged 50 to 65, a group that makes up less than 12% of the total population, are responsible for half of the total beef consumption in the United States — a choice that has devastating consequences for their health and the health of our planet.


Study reveals 41% of Millennials and Gen Z experience ‘menu anxiety’: ‘[It] shouldn’t just be a younger generation thing’

Jeremiah Budin
Thu, November 2, 2023



Studies have shown that young people tend to be more engaged with and aware of the effects that human-driven pollution is having on the health of our planet. And one new study shows that awareness is manifesting itself in an interesting way: in something called “menu anxiety.”

“Menu anxiety” refers to the awareness of how various aspects of the food industry cause harm to the environment, and the desire to take those impacts into account when ordering at a restaurant or on an app.

The study, as reported by the media platform Green Queen, surveyed 2,000 people and found that 41% of Millennials and Generation Z (aged 18-43) are prone to menu anxiety, compared to only 15% of Gen Xers and Baby Boomers (aged 44-77).

The agency OnePoll conducted the survey, which was commissioned for unknown reasons by the company Avocado Green Mattress.

Part of the awareness may be self-propagating, as the study suggests younger people know that their peers tend to be more environmentally aware. The study revealed that 47% of younger participants like to wait to see what their friends are ordering before they order, compared to 30% of older participants.

Unsurprisingly, the study found that a significantly higher percentage of younger participants were drawn to vegetarian and vegan options. Also, an overwhelming 77% of younger participants wanted restaurants to be more transparent about the environmental impact of their offerings, compared to 58% of older participants.

Vegetarian or low-meat diets have consistently been shown to have a lower negative environmental impact than heavily meat-based diets, in large part due to the huge amount of planet-overheating gases produced by the livestock industry.

One study showed that if the biggest meat eaters in the UK switched to low-meat diets (not even full vegetarianism) it would have an equivalent positive impact to taking 8 million gas-powered cars off the road.

“Understanding our environmental impacts shouldn’t just be a younger generation thing,” Jessica Hann, Avocado Green Mattress’ senior vice president of brand marketing and sustainability said in a statement reported by Green Queen. “We should all be pro-clean air, pro-clean water and pro-healthy climate. We’re all responsible for the planet we leave behind for our kids and grandkids.”
Expert says deadly 2021 heat wave will be "most studied" climate event, should not have happened until "about 2060."

The Recount
Wed, November 1, 2023 

Researcher Michael Wehner at the Computational Research Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory spoke to the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee at a panel about “extreme event attribution,” which is the ability to look at extreme weather events and determine the role of human-caused climate change in their impact.

Committee Chair Tom Carper of Delaware asked Wehner about the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave, which struck the northwest of the U.S. and western Canada, causing record temperatures of over 121 degrees Fahrenheit in British Columbia, and killed over 900 people.

Wehner said he considered the heat wave a “a teachable moment for climate scientists,” and pointed out that at least 20 papers have already been written about this disaster, which is “probably the most studied extreme weather event of all time,” including 3 of his own. He went on to say that if he had been asked “before that event when it would be 120 degrees in Canada,” he would have said “not for a long time,” “about 2060.”


When asked to define the exact role of manmade climate change, he said it increased the temperate at least two degrees and possibly up to four, which, he acknowledged does not sound like much, but “a small change from like 110 degrees to 114 degrees actually has a high, a large effect on the number of people that die.”
Europe's Liquefied Natural Gas Buildout Collides With Waning Demand

Yale Environment 360
Wed, November 1, 2023 

A liquefied natural gas import terminal near Porto Levante, Italy.
 MARCO SABADIN / AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES

As part of its efforts to wean itself off Russian energy, Europe has sought to import more natural gas from overseas, erecting new terminals for processing deliveries of liquefied natural gas. But this new capacity is set to far exceed demand, an analysis finds.

With war roiling energy markets, Europe has aimed to swap gas delivered by Russian pipeline for liquefied natural gas (LNG) delivered by ship, largely from the U.S. and Qatar. From the beginning of last year, Europe has added six new LNG terminals, expanded an existing terminal, and restored a dormant terminal.

But much of that new infrastructure may prove unnecessary as European gas consumption declines, according to the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. Europe’s recent efforts to build out renewables and curb gas consumption are paying off. After a surge in imported LNG in 2022, it has seen imports flatten out this year.


IEEFA


With new LNG infrastructure still coming online, the analysis found, Europe will be able to import 406 billion cubic meters of natural gas by 2030, slightly more than the 400 billion cubic meters of natural gas it is projected to consume in total.

“The decline in gas demand is challenging the narrative that Europe needs more LNG infrastructure to reach its energy security goals,” said analyst Ana Maria Jaller-Makarewicz. “The data is showing that we don’t.”

Experts have warned that new LNG infrastructure could incentivize future consumption of natural gas even as countries must cut fossil fuel use to avert dangerous climate change. A new report from the International Energy Agency finds that the global buildout of LNG infrastructure threatens to create a supply glut, which could cause prices to crater later this decade.

Chevron in talks on 15-year LNG supply contracts into Europe

Thu, November 2, 2023 

FILE PHOTO: Illustration shows Chevron logo and natural gas pipeline


By Ron Bousso

LONDON (Reuters) - Chevron is negotiating contracts to supply liquefied natural gas (LNG) into Europe for up to 15 years as buyers expect the region to rely on imports for longer than previously thought, an executive at the U.S. oil and gas company said.

The new willingness by buyers to agree on long-term supply deals comes after several European governments rolled back some green policies citing higher costs and economic concerns.

European imports of the super-chilled fuel surged after Russia halted pipeline gas exports in the wake of Moscow's invasion of Ukraine last year.

Buyers initially sought short-term LNG supply of up to 5 years due to the uncertainty in the market and countries' ambitions to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.

But that has changed as the focus on securing energy supplies grew, Colin Parfitt, head of Chevron's trading, shipping and pipeline operations, told Reuters on Wednesday.

"There's been an evolution over the past 18 months from short-term and spot supply deals to longer term commitment," Parfitt said.

"After Russia-Ukraine, the initial thoughts we were getting out of Europe were 'we only want LNG for a short period of time because of the energy transition'. What I've seen happening in the last year is that lengths of contracts customers are willing to sign have been extended," Parfitt said.

"European customers want medium-term deals in the up to 15 years space and we're working on some commercial deals."

Last month, Shell and TotalEnergies agreed on two separate 27-year LNG supply deals into Europe with Qatar, one of the world's top producers.

Chevron will supply most of the LNG from the United States, which has become a major LNG exporter following the shale boom in recent years.

U.S. LNG exports hit their second highest level on record in October, with Europe remaining the principal buyer.

In the short term, Parfitt said the European market looked well supplied ahead of winter.

"In the short term European gas looks well supplied, softer than last year but with risk of volatility if you get a cold winter in Europe, cold winter in Asia, risks to supply as well as geopolitics."

(Reporting by Ron Bousso; Editing by Emelia Sithole-Matarise)

New Fortress Energy may need to reapply for Mexico LNG permit -US

Wed, November 1, 2023 


By Curtis Williams

HOUSTON (Reuters) - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has warned New Fortress Energy if any portion of its Altamira floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) project is located onshore Mexico, the company will have to resubmit its application for an export permit.

New Fortress's $1.3 billion Altamira LNG project was expected to start shipping the superchilled gas this month under an export permit issued in June. If the company must reapply for a U.S. export permit, it could further delay the two-phase project.

New Fortress did not immediately reply to a request for comment submitted through its website.

The company has received a U.S. license to export Altamira's LNG to Free Trade Agreement (FTA) countries, but not the larger set of non-FTA countries. New Fortress has proposed many LNG projects that use converted offshore oil production rigs to support LNG processing.

Altamira was originally designed with two facilities - Fast LNG1 on converted oil platforms and Fast LNG2 on three fixed platforms. The entire project is set to be Mexico's first producing and exporting LNG facility. It would use U.S.-sourced gas, the DOE wrote.

"If the project site and design have been modified such that FLNG2 will be located onshore in Mexico instead of offshore, NFE Altamira is required ...to request an amendment of its FTA order," the department wrote on Oct. 30.

The DOE's letter pointed to a corporate press release and an Oct. 16 securities filing that suggested the project was a hybrid, with FLNG1 located offshore and FLNG2 set onshore.

The configuration requires clarification, the DOE added, since it might not meet the terms of the export license that governs both parts.

In June, Mexico's government granted NFE a permit to export up to 7.8 million metric tons through April 2028.

Its existing U.S. FTA authorization allowed it to supply LNG to Mexico and other countries with free trade pacts. The project awaits a decision on its application for a non-FTA export permit.

(Reporting by Curtis Williams in Houston; Editing by Josie Kao)
'Nightmare': How Category 5 Hurricane Otis shocked forecasters and slammed a major city

Dinah Voyles Pulver and Doyle Rice, 
USA TODAY
Updated Thu, November 2, 2023

Hurricane Otis shocked even experts with its surprising explosion from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane in just 12 hours last week as it approached Acapulco, Mexico and made landfall on Oct. 25. The storm killed at least 46 people and caused billions in damage.

Its unexpected and extreme transition from 70 mph winds to 165 mph winds raises crucial questions about how forecast models flubbed, the increasing risk of hurricanes rapidly intensifying into major storms more often, the degree to which global warming is fueling that intensification and what all of this means for millions in hurricane-prone regions.

In an era when potential tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean attract headlines even as they depart western Africa, Otis did the unthinkable. The tiny but devastating storm slammed into Mexico's Pacific Coast with little warning that it would bring some of the highest winds in the country's history.

The storm's high winds – with gusts of up to more than 180 mph – damaged more than 220,000 structures, especially high-rises, the Associated Press reported. After the storm, the city was cut off for more than a day, AP reported, in part, because the lack of warning prevented officials from pre-staging resources.

Less than 12 hours warning for a storm of such magnitude is “a nightmare,” said Kerry Emanuel, a meteorologist and climate scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

"It’s a perfect storm of a problem," Emanuel said. "If the atmosphere had been slightly different, this would have never happened. We would have had a tropical storm that wouldn't have been a big deal."

It's a problem many meteorologists and climate scientists say is happening more often in the warming world.
How the National Hurricane Center forecast evolved

At 10 p.m. on Oct. 23, Tropical Storm Otis had 50 mph winds, with features that could be associated with a rapid intensification in wind speeds but computer models didn't indicate it would happen.

By 4 a.m., winds were up to 65 mph. Wind shear had decreased and one model showed a 1 in 4 chance of rapid strengthening over 24 hours. The official forecast – warning the storm was likely to become a hurricane and strengthen before landfall – was still outside the guidance from the center’s most reliable models, wrote the author of that forecast, Daniel Brown.

At 10 a.m. on Oct. 24, the center warned further upward adjustments in intensity were possible, but the incredible transition over the next 13 hours took everyone by surprise.

◾ 1 p.m. – Otis reached hurricane strength with 80 mph winds.

◾ 2 p.m. – The center had its first and only reports from an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft, which provided key information and warned Otis was almost a major hurricane with winds near 110 mph.

◾ 10 p.m. – The winds had reached almost 160 mph, a catastrophic Category 5 hurricane.

◾ 11 p.m. – Otis neared the busy tourist region known as Mexico’s Riviera with deadly 165 mph sustained winds and higher gusts.

Around 1:25 p.m. Otis slammed into the coast, its diminutive size both a blessing and a curse. It was easier for the storm to rapidly intensify in the exceptionally warm waters offshore but it curtailed the reach of the extreme winds that pummeled buildings and whipped up a storm surge that battered the coast.


A man crosses a highway blocked by a landslide triggered by Hurricane Otis near Acapulco, Mexico, on Oct. 25.

Analyzing the storm

Hundreds of other storms with forecasts similar to Otis ”didn’t do what Otis did, so the question is what happened?” asked Clark Evans, a hurricane model expert, professor and chair of atmospheric sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “None of the field’s state-of-the-art guidance suggested anything close to what occurred was even possible."

The hurricane center, as well as the research and modeling communities, will study Otis for months to come. Several factors may have contributed, including warmer than normal waters and upper level winds.

It didn't help that the hurricane models had less data available than with Atlantic storms, where repeated hurricane hunter flights take place, with additional information from the dropsondes and drones the flights deploy, as well as a more dense network of weather buoys and land-based radars.

Hurricane hunter reconnaissance flights aren’t typically sent into tropical storms in the Pacific, Brown said. It’s a long trip and the aircraft don’t have preestablished staging locations like they do in the Caribbean.

As a regional meteorological center, the hurricane center names and forecasts tropical cyclones for 29 countries across the Caribbean, Central America and the northern shores of South America under an agreement with the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations. Individual countries are responsible for distributing the forecasts to their residents and visitors, however the U.S. has agreed to that responsibility for Haiti.

What is rapid intensification?

Rapid intensity is defined as an increase of at least 35 mph in wind speeds over 24 hours. Otis experienced nearly three times that. Forecasters look for signals of rapid intensification in a storm’s structure, and the surrounding environment, but it can be difficult to forecast the timing and magnitude of such strengthening, Brown said.

All of the Category 4 and 5 storms that struck the U.S. over the past 100 years were tropical storms just three days before landfall, and all went through rapid strengthening within roughly 50 hours of landfall, he said. "Andrew, Charley, Michael, Ida and Ian are all on that list."

More than half of all the hurricanes with winds of more than 150 mph to make landfall in the United States over more than 100 years occurred in the last 19.


Hurricane Otis made land
fall along the Pacific coast of Mexico on Oct. 25 near Acapulco with 165 mph winds.

Why does warmer water produce stronger storms?

The ocean Otis moved over was “exceptionally warm,” with surface temperatures in the mid-80s, up to 5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal for this time of year, Evans said. Under the right conditions with winds and moisture, water temperatures were “more than sufficient to support a hurricane of category 5 intensity.”

Warm water is to hurricanes as dry brush is to a wildfire, a key source of fuel and energy.

"Think of it like your morning cup of coffee – for a hurricane, warm ocean waters act like the caffeine in our morning coffee that helps get us going," said Andra Garner, a climate scientist at Rowan University in New Jersey. Abnormally warm ocean water is "kind of like an extra shot of caffeine in the coffee, providing lots of energy for the storm."

Emanuel says it's possible water temperatures in the ocean just beneath the surface also may have played a role. Because the Pacific has more fresh water, which is lighter than saltier water, he said, it's possible Otis was churning up hotter water from below, which would let the storm intensify at the maximum possible rate.


This illustration from the University of Miami shows how Hurricane Otis traversed over a pocket of very warm waters in the Pacific Ocean before reaching the coast of Mexico as a Category 5 hurricane.

Is climate change causing storms like Otis to rapidly intensify?

Though hurricane experts and climate scientists debate whether any individual storm can be linked to climate change, many say the warming climate is contributing to warmer ocean temperatures, such as the unprecedented ocean heat waves this summer, and to the rapid intensification of storms like Otis.

Several peer-reviewed studies have shown evidence of an increasing probability of such events, and that these storms have a human-induced fingerprint on them, said Jim Kossin, a science adviser to the First Street Foundation who has studied storms for decades.

“There is no question that ocean temperatures have increased due to global warming, and there is no question that this warming allows hurricanes to get stronger and to rapidly intensify,” Kossin told USA TODAY. Scientists are more confident that events like Otis' rapid intensification become more likely under climate change, he said.

The world's oceans have absorbed about 90% of the excess warming that has occurred due to human-caused climate change, and the global average sea surface temperature has risen by more than one degree Fahrenheit since the 1980s, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

That same report projected with "high confidence" that the proportion of tropical cyclones that reach Category 4 and 5 levels around the globe would increase with climate warming.

In the Atlantic, five storms underwent rapid intensification in 2021, and three this year – Franklin, Idalia and Lee. In the eastern Pacific, Hurricane Patricia broke records in 2015 for rapid intensification. Otis broke that record.

Hurricanes and climate change Is climate change fueling massive hurricanes in the Atlantic? Here's what science says.

A recent study led by Garner concluded Atlantic hurricanes are now more than twice as likely as before to rapidly intensify from minor hurricanes to powerful and catastrophic.

While her work focused on the Atlantic, Garner said certain physical factors "are very favorable for hurricane formation, regardless of where you are in the world." Warm ocean waters are one of those factors.

"I think what we saw with Hurricane Otis lines up pretty well with what my research suggests that we might expect in a warmer climate," Garner said. "That increased heat in our oceans is energy for storms, and it has the potential to allow storms to strengthen more quickly than they might have with cooler ocean temperatures in the past."

However, both Emanuel and Tom Knutson, a climate scientist with the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, said more research is needed to determine how much human-related changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols may be contributing to the intensification of Atlantic hurricanes.
What's the takeaway?

"Otis illustrates why people in hurricane prone areas need to be vigilant and also prepared,” Brown said. It’s important to keep supplies on hand throughout hurricane season and have a plan for what you will do if a hurricane approaches, he said. "You can act much faster when there’s a threat."

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Hurricane Otis shocked forecasters with Category 5 Acapulco landfall


205-mph wind gust from Mexico’s Hurricane Otis ranks as 5th highest in world

Chris Oberholtz
FOX NEWS
Updated Thu, November 2, 2023 


ACAPULCO, Mexico – The world's fifth-highest wind gust on land was clocked at 205 mph as Hurricane Otis battered Mexico last month, researchers discovered.

Otis struck the country's southern Pacific coast near Acapulco on Oct. 25 at 1:25 a.m. CDT. It was classified as a Category 5 hurricane with sustained winds of 165 mph, making it the strongest hurricane on record to make landfall on the Pacific side of Mexico, according to the National Hurricane Center (NHC).

SEE HURRICANE OTIS' WIDESPREAD DAMAGE TO ACAPULCO, MEXICO THROUGH SATELLITE IMAGES


Residents walk past debris in the aftermath of hurricane Otis in Acapulco, Guerrero State, Mexico, on October 27, 2023.

Following the storm, the National Tidal Service of the National Autonomous University of Mexico said it sent two technicians to Acapulco to recover hurricane data from its two monitoring stations in the city.

"Considering the trajectory and size of Otis, it was of utmost importance to recover the information, which was practically the record of the center of the hurricane," the agency said.

The record-breaking burst of wind was recorded at 12:40 a.m., according to the agency, which puts Otis very close to the Eastern Pacific record set by Hurricane Patricia off the coast of Mexico in October 2015. Patrica's peak intensity over the ocean was estimated at 185 knots (213 mph), according to the NHC.

The world's highest wind gust on land of 253 mph was recorded in April 1996 at Barrow Island, Australia, during Tropical Cyclone Oliva.

WATCH: WOMEN SHIELD CHILDREN IN BATHROOM AS HURRICANE OTIS’ FEROCIOUS WINDS HOWL OUTSIDE ACAPULCO RESORT



FOX Weather hurricane specialist said both the wind speed at landfall and the gust measurement will be evaluated.

"Otis clearly weakened in the hours before landfall, so I wouldn't be surprised if it was a notch weaker," Norcross said. "And the instrument that measured the gust will be evaluated. Quite often, anemometers are not well calibrated at those high wind speeds, and also the location will be checked to see if that influenced the measurements."

The devastating winds from Otis resulted in extensive destruction, causing damage to 80% of Acapulco's hotels, according to government officials. The storm was followed by power and internet outages, as well as citywide looting. Severe damage also shuttered commercial and military airports of Acapulco.

‘ACAPULCO HAS BEEN DESTROYED’: HURRICANE OTIS SURVIVORS RECOVER FROM HISTORIC STORM

As of last check, the death toll has risen to at least 46 people, with nearly 60 people still missing, the Mexican government said.

Days following landfall, rescue crews were unable to reach the city to provide aid due to mudslides in mountainous terrain. The deployed 10,000 troops lacked the necessary tools to clear the roads obstructed by mud and fallen trees, the Associated Press reported.

According to the NHC, Otis’ peak intensification rate was 110 mph in 24 hours, the second-highest recorded rate in the Western Hemisphere, behind only Patricia in October 2015.

In the photo below, the National Tidal Service provided a before-and-after comparison of its weather station located in Acapulco Bay. The weather station was the only structure that remained standing after the storm, as the entire perimeter fence had been destroyed.

HOW DID HURRICANE OTIS' RECORD INTENSIFICATION CATCH ADVANCED FORECAST MODELS BY SURPRISE?

The Mexican Red Cross has delivered 75 tons of humanitarian aid to those affected by the disaster, while more than 1,600 people are still staying in shelters in both Acapulco and Coyuca de Benítez.

Original article source: 205-mph wind gust from Mexico’s Hurricane Otis ranks as 5th highest in world



Stunning satellite images show the damage to Acapulco from Category 5 Hurricane Otis

Terry Castleman
Tue, October 31, 2023 at 3:59 PM MDT·2 min read
12



A damaged zone in the aftermath of Hurricane Otis in Acapulco on Oct. 29, 2023. (Felix Marquez / Associated Press)

As officials continue to sort through the wreckage of last week's devastating hurricane in Acapulco, new images show the scale of the disaster.

Hurricane Otis arrived in the early morning of Oct. 25, bringing rains and 165-mph winds, resulting in the most powerful storm ever recorded on Mexico's Pacific coast.

By Tuesday morning, the official death toll was at 47, a figure expected to rise in the coming days.

The satellite images from Maxar Technologies show widespread damage to neighborhoods, hotels and marinas after the Category 5 storm.

The image below shows Acapulco Bay on Oct. 4 on the left.

On the right is the same area on Oct. 26, the day after the storm arrived. The image shows significant damage to buildings and flooding.

Read more: Desperation after Acapulco hurricane: 'We no longer have food or water, and no one is helping us'

Scientists say Otis was the fastest-growing hurricane ever observed in the eastern Pacific Ocean. As oceans warm because of human-driven climate change, similarly super-charged hurricanes are likely to occur more frequently, they say.

In the days after the storm, a quarter-million homes were without electricity, and food, gasoline and clean water were in short supply. With little aid distribution and few if any shops open for business, many in the city of nearly 1 million resorted to pillaging shattered storefronts, according to reports by The Times.

The image below shows Acapulco's La Poza neighborhood, which sits southeast of the bay and abuts a lagoon, on Oct. 4.

By Oct. 26, much of the neighborhood had been inundated with brown floodwaters. Homes and roads alike were underwater.

Read more: Hurricane Otis stuns Mexico, slamming Acapulco with ‘brutal’ Category 5 strength and cutting off contact

Disaster modeler Enki Research predicts that the economic impact may top $15 billion, and some locals worry that recovery of the coastal resort city, once favored by Hollywood stars but in recent years tarnished by drug violence, could drag on for years.

Many of the deaths in Acapulco appeared to be due to the sinking of 33 boats during the storm, the Mexican navy said Tuesday.

The image below shows several marinas filled with boats in Acapulco Bay on Oct. 4.

On Oct. 26, many of the marinas were visibly damaged and most of the boats were gone.

In previous hurricanes in Acapulco, most of the dead were swept away by flooding on land. But with Otis, a significant number appear to have died at sea. Residents have said that some crews had either chosen or been ordered to stay aboard to guard their craft.

Times staff writers Patrick J. McDonnell, Kathe Linthicum, Leila Miller and the Associated Press contributed to this report.

Mexico announces recovery plan for hurricane-hit Acapulco

AFP
Wed, November 1, 2023 at 11:45 AM MDT·1 min read


Hurricane Otis left a trail of destruction in Mexico's beachside city of Acapulco (SALVADOR VALADEZ)


Mexico's government announced Wednesday an aid and reconstruction plan worth nearly $3.5 billion for victims of a hurricane that devastated the beachside city of Acapulco.

"Together we will very soon be able to put the beautiful and nostalgic port of Acapulco back on its feet," President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said at his daily news conference.

Otis smashed into Acapulco a week ago as a scale-topping Category 5 hurricane packing winds of 165 miles (270 kilometers) per hour.

The storm left a trail of destruction and at least 46 people dead, with 58 others unaccounted for.

The 61.3-billion-peso recovery plan includes the delivery of groceries to nearly 250,000 affected families for three months, as well as cleaning, painting and rehabilitation of damaged homes, Lopez Obrador said.

The government will provide interest-free loans for small businesses and a budget for improving urban services such as water, drainage and lighting.

There will also be support for hotels and money to rehabilitate roads connecting Acapulco with Mexico City and surrounding municipalities.

"We have a budget to finance all these needs," Lopez Obrador said.

"We do not consider allocating these resources as an expense, but rather an investment," he added.

Otis severely damaged or destroyed many buildings and led to power and communication outages, though services have been restored in several areas.

Supermarket shelves were quickly stripped bare in a wave of looting.

The government said that it would deploy National Guard troops to prevent robberies, after residents with barricades and machetes were seen guarding neighborhoods from looters.