Friday, August 23, 2024


Capitalism Is Killing Us



 
 August 23, 2024
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Image by William Gibson.

Neither politicians (across the continuum) nor corporate media pundits engage in meaningful public discourse on climate and the environment. They choose not to acknowledge the scope of the threat or to sincerely analyze real means of addressing the gathering onslaught. The bogus dialogue on climate is all smoke and mirrors, feeding the masses fatuous illusions—promising future technological triumphs—and wielding uncertainty as a means to disarm public ire. Our popular discussions about the environment are almost never about capitalism precisely because (in the real world, as opposed to the world of mass fantasy) it is always and obviously about capitalism.

The wealth of information on climate available at the click of a computer may be staggering, but only a few stilted, corporate approved narratives leak into the popular climate conversations featured in political debates or commercial media. Our climate stories have been mutilated, distorted or subtly degraded by the money and influence of those whose profits come from environmental destruction.

The major political parties avoid an honest evaluation of our environmental crises in the manner of a vampire cringing before a clove of garlic. Don’t hold your breath waiting for Kohei Saito or Jason Hickel to be interviewed on CNN or Fox NewsExtinction Rebellion (XR) has demanded that governments tell the truth about climate overheating, but XR might as well insist that the cow jump over the moon. If the U.S. government were to voice even a timidly honest approximation of our environmental realities it would open the floodgates of its own complicity. Here are some truths that governments will never tell:

1) There is no adequate climate mitigation currently in practice anywhere on earth, and no plan to initiate any. Fossil fuels are being extracted and burned at all-time highs with no adequate regulation.

2) The sixth extinction is well underway, with species die offs now proceeding at a velocity unprecedented in geological history. (The Chicxulub meteor (Alvarez Impact Theory) would have created an even more abrupt mass extinction, however, Gerta Keller’s rebuttal to Alvarez, compellingly argues that Deccan Traps volcanism (and not a meteor) did in the dinosaurs. Until the Alvarez/Keller dispute resolves into a clear verdict, our sixth extinction ought to be awarded the interim title for murdering life on earth swiftly.)

3) CO2 concentrations are increasing at least ten times faster than during the greatest mass extinction in earth’s history—the “End Permian.” In 2023, atmospheric CO2 increased by an astonishing 4.7 parts per million.

4) Climate ruin in the Global South will create more than a billion climate refugees in the next few decades, driving fascist movements and increasing the risk of famine, genocide, and war.

5) Temperature increases as high as 5 degrees Celsius are very possible by the end of the century if governments do not cooperate and radically change course globally. It must be said, they show no signs of even considering this. A 5°C rise in temperatures transpiring over the course of a mere two centuries would make our planet uninhabitable for human civilization as we know it. Bear in mind that the volcanism driving all five mass extinctions of deep time (I am giving the nod to Gerta Keller here) transpired across hundreds of thousands of years in each instance. Capitalism can obliterate millions of species in a geological nanosecond.

6) Sea level rise could be as much as seven feet by the end of the century, displacing billions of people in coastal areas.

7) The immediate future will feature anoxic oceans, slowing of ocean currents, massive dead zones, bleached coral reefs, and the cataclysmic die-off of fish. Inland, 120,000 square kilometers turn into desert annually.

A piece by Clayton Page Aldern just published in Aeon magazine details the ways that heat impinges on neurological functioning. We have just been sent reeling by the Covid-19 pandemic that, uniquely among pathogens, has a propensity to diminish cognition. Lead, the mother of all neurotoxins, is still ubiquitous in U.S. cities thanks to austerity that prioritizes military spending and government handouts to fossil fuel companies while gutting infrastructure spending.

Leaded gasoline, banned several decades ago, caused tens of millions of global deaths and created a worldwide epidemic of brain damage simply because General Motors held the patent on tetraethyl lead and blocked the use of cheap alternatives. Many survivors of leaded gasoline, including myself, now have the task of using our injured brains to come up with a solution to our environmental crises. Increasingly brain damaged people now must tackle increasingly unsolvable environmental assaults.

Factor in pesticides, plastics, mercury and a host of agricultural contaminants that make it difficult to think straight. The bruised remnants of our minds gravitate toward the immediate relief of addictive substances. The biggest of all addictions in a capitalist universe is spending and material consumption. We can’t think about complex issues, but we can buy stuff created by fossil fuels.

With capitalism driving humanity toward a warp speed plunge into planetary ruin, our democratic systems have distilled the climate narrative into a bifurcated choice between Republican psychosis and Democratic hopium.

The Republican Party environmental narrative holds that climate change is either a complete hoax or an over-hyped inconvenience spurred by alarmists looking for academic funding. The Democratic Party narrative optimistically assumes that we merely need to defer to the free market and allow green industries to build the windmills and solar panels needed to make oil, coal, and gas obsolete. In other words, we face a certain apocalypse armed only with surrealistic fantasies.

Out of some sort of atavistic hope, I watched the Democratic Party convention searching for some glimmer of rational wisdom. How stupid of me! Conventions promote empty oratory as a matter of tradition. I ought to know by now that the soul of democracy is made out of marshmallow fluff.

There were no speeches suggesting that our politicians have been in touch with our scientists. No one mentioned the trajectory of atmospheric carbon, the future certainty of catastrophic weather or the looming extinction of myriads of species, including humanity. Hillary Clinton and Michelle Obama did not mention climate—even in passing.

A couple of millennia ago, Nero allegedly “fiddled while Rome burned,” and we still do not forgive him. Thousands of years in the future no one will be alive to hold our orchestra members accountable. For the record, Bernie Sanders did state that nothing in the Democratic Party platform is radical but “allowing polluters to destroy the planet” (he was talking about Republicans) is radical. Alexandra Ocasio – Cortez offered that Americans need “the freedom to breathe clean air and drink clean water.” Barack Obama mentioned something about “America protecting the world from climate change,” but with no elaboration. None of these one-liners counts as climate policy. Real climate policy for either party is greenwash and burn it down.

There was no talk about nationalizing fossil fuels, mobilizing all of the nation’s resources for an all-out struggle against mass extinction. None of the feel-good slogans and platitudes had been aimed at climate. I will leave the readers with an important quote:

“From this angle, it becomes clear that capitalism is highly inefficient when it comes to meeting human needs; it produces so much, and yet leaves 60% of the human population without access to even the most basic goods. Why? Because a huge portion of commodity production (and all the energy and materials it requires) is irrelevant to human well-being. Consider this thought experiment: Portugal has significantly better social outcomes than the United States, with 65% less GDP per capita. This means that $38,000 of US per capita income is effectively ‘wasted’. That adds up to $13 trillion per year for the US economy as a whole; $13 trillion worth of extraction and production and consumption each year, and $13 trillion worth of ecological pressure, that adds nothing, in and of itself, to human well-being. It is damage without gain.”

This quote is not from Kamala Harris, Joe Biden, Barack Obama, or Tim Walz. No, it is from Jason Hickel, perhaps the most lucid and charismatic voice in the movement for degrowth. He was not invited to speak at the DNC convention, and I have no reason to quote him. Forgive me.

Phil Wilson is a retired mental health worker who has written for Common Dreams, CounterPunch, Resilience, Current Affairs, The Future Fire and The Hampshire Gazette. Phil’s writings are posted regularly at Nobody’s Voice.

 




CRIMINAL CAPITALI$M

Indonesia court finds drugmakers at fault over toxic cough syrup, awards parents



23 August 2024 -
By Stanley Widianto


Human consumption of the substance could cause symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches and acute kidney injury that may result in death, the regulator added.


An Indonesian court ordered two local companies to pay up to 60 million rupiah ($3,850) to each family whose children died of an acute kidney injury or were seriously injured after consuming toxic cough syrup.

More than 200 children in Indonesia died of the injury and about 120 more survived, some of whom lived with disabilities which led to financial hardships for their parents.

Indonesian courts have cited lax oversight by pharmaceutical companies, including local drugmakers and some suppliers, as well as the country's food and drugs agency (BPOM), in hearings into the poisonings.


In late 2022, more than 20 families launched a civil suit against the agency, the health ministry, and several companies.

Judges at the Central Jakarta court found a drugmaker and a supplier, Afi Farma and CV Samudera Chemical, at fault in the poisonings, according to a ruling released late on Thursday.


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The health ministry and the BPOM were cleared of wrongdoing.

The court ordered the companies to pay the parents who brought the suit compensation of 50 million rupiah for children who died and 60 million rupiah for children who were injured.

Parents had asked for 3.4 billion rupiah for each child that died, and 2.2 billion rupiah for survivors. Indonesia's 2023 gross domestic product per capita was nearly $5,000, data from the country's Statistics Bureau shows.

Siti Habiba, the lawyer for the parents, said the families were disappointed by the ruling, as the money was given "as though we were beggars."

"This breaks a lot of the victims' hearts," she said, adding the court ignored the parents' government oversight concerns by not finding the health ministry and the BPOM at fault.

The court document, posted on its website, did not include reasons for the decision.

Afi Farma's lawyer Reza Wendra Prayogo told Reuters on Friday the firm was "disappointed" with the civil case ruling and the company was still considering its next legal step.


Last year, a criminal court found East Java-based drugmaker Afi Farma guilty of negligence and jailed officials for not testing the ingredients sent by its supplier.

The syrups contained ethylene glycol (EG), a commonly used chemical in products such as brake fluid and antifreeze. A court document from that criminal case said the EG concentration in the syrups reached as high as 99%, where international standards say only 0.1% of EG is safe for consumption.

The company has repeatedly denied negligence.

Reuters could not immediately contact CV Samudera Chemical, an Indonesian soapmaker, whose toxic ingredient made its way to Afi Farma, according to the court document of the Afi Farma criminal case in 2023.

The World Health Organization said the contaminated medicines had also killed children in Gambia and Uzbekistan in 2022.

Reuters
NOT A STRIKE A BOSSES LOCKOUT!

Liberals end railway lockout with binding arbitration

IT'S WHAT THE RAIL BOSSES COUNT ON

The Labour Minister is ordering the Canada Industrial Relations Board to extend the current collective agreements and order a return to work

Author of the article:Ryan Tumilty
Published Aug 22, 2024
Labour Minister Steven MacKinnon said Thursday that while they respect the bargaining process the negotiations between CPKC rail and CN rail and the Teamsters Rail Conference had reached an impasse.
Photo by Sean Kilpatrick /THE CANADIAN PRESS

OTTAWA – After a day of disruption, the Liberal government ended a massive rail strike by sending the parties to binding arbitration.

Labour Minister Steven MacKinnon said Thursday that while they respect the bargaining process the negotiations between CPKC rail and CN rail and the Teamsters Rail Conference had reached an impasse.

He said the country’s rail lines could not be stalled any longer.

“These collective bargaining negotiations belong to these parties, but their effects and the impacts of the current impasse are being borne by all Canadians,” he said at a late press conference.

“Millions of Canadians rely on our railways every day, workers, farmers, ranchers, commuters, small businesses, miners, chemists, scientists, the list goes on and the impacts, cannot be understated. They extend to every corner of this country,” he said.

MacKinnon is ordering the Canada Industrial Relations Board to extend the current collective agreements, order a return to work and send the remaining issues to binding arbitration.

The board is an independent agency, but MacKinnon said he is hopeful the agency will act quickly and get trains running again. He said he expected it would be a matter of days before things resumed.

His predecessor in the job issued a similar order to end a strike with WestJet mechanics, but the mechanics in that strike initially refused to turn to work and held out until they reached a deal with the airline.

MacKinnon said he is confident that won’t happen in this case.

He said the Liberals respect collective bargaining, but the two sides were simply too far apart.

“We gave negotiations every possible opportunity to succeed right up until midday today.”

The two rail giants locked out workers first thing Thursday morning, bringing the country’s freight rail network to a halt. The job action also stalled some commuter rail services in Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal.

The two companies moved an average of $1 billion in trade per day across Canada and into the United States. Business groups warned of severe financial hardships if the strike had continued, with grain farmers saying the strike would cost farmers $43 million per day.

The strike risked drinking water supplies for cities because chlorine moves by rail and it risked leading to back-ups at major ports. There were calls from the U.S. and Canadian chambers of commerce for an end to the strike and pressure from premiers across the country.

The move to use binding arbitration drew swift condemnation from NDP leader Jagmeet Singh. He argued it sent a message to employers that treating your workers poorly was a strategy worth pursuing

“The Liberals’ actions are cowardly, anti-worker and proof that they will always cave to corporate greed, and Canadians will always pay for it,” he said in a statement. “There will be no end to lockouts now. Every employer knows they can get exactly what they want from Justin Trudeau by refusing to negotiate with their workers in good faith.”


National Post


Ottawa has sent the rail dispute to arbitration — so what happens now?

Canada's 2 major freight railways came to a full stop when labour talks collapsed

Darren Major · CBC News · Posted: Aug 22, 2024 
Teamsters union workers picket outside a Canadian National Railway Co. yard after being locked out by their company in Vancouver, B.C. on August 22, 2024.
(Jesse Winter/Reuters)

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The federal government has referred the ongoing rail labour dispute to arbitration — but that might not guarantee a resumption of service.

Canadian National Railway Co. (CN) and Canadian Pacific Kansas City Ltd. (CPKC) locked out 9,300 engineers, conductors and yard workers Thursday morning after the parties failed to agree on a new contract.

Labour Minister Steve MacKinnon announced Thursday that he would use section 107 of the Canada Labour Code to refer the dispute to the Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB) for binding arbitration.

The railway companies and a number of other business advocacy organizations had been calling on MacKinnon to refer the case to arbitration before the lockout. He was rejecting those requests until today and was instead urging all parties to hammer it out at the negotiating table.

"We have an impasse here. We wanted to give these negotiations the absolute possibility of concluding successfully. We see little prospect of that," MacKinnon said Thursday.


WATCH | Labour minister says federal government is sending rail dispute to binding arbitration:

Labour minister says federal government is sending rail dispute to binding arbitration
Duration2:15
Minister of Labour Steven MacKinnon says he has directed the Canada Industrial Relations Board ‘to extend the term of the current collective agreements until new agreements have been signed and for operations on both railways to resume forthwith.’

Contract talks between the union and the two companies usually take place a year apart, but in 2022 — after the federal government introduced new rules — CN requested a year-long extension to its existing deal.

This first-ever simultaneous shutdown of both rail networks blocked the movement of roughly $1 billion in goods.

Mark Thompson, a former labour arbitrator and professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia, said the unprecedented nature of the stoppage pushed the government to act.

"No government of whatever persuasion is going to stand by and let a national [work stoppage] by both railroads go on for very long. The impact on the economy is simply too great," he said.

Lisa Raitt, who served as labour minister in the government of former prime minister Stephen Harper, said referring the dispute to the CIRB won't instantly end the work stoppage. She said the companies and the union first have to agree to binding arbitration.

"You can try to get the parties to agree to binding arbitration. Maybe you can write to the CIRB and ask them to impose binding arbitration… but there's no way a minister can write a letter and say that everyone goes back to work and I'm sending you to binding arbitration," she said.

"If you find a lawyer who can tell you that it's possible [for the minister to order the parties into arbitration], then I wish I had their advice 15 years ago. But as far as I'm concerned, you aren't able to do that."



Dude, where's my car — or combine? Rail lockout to impact auto, farm equipment consumers

On Thursday, MacKinnon stopped short of saying the work stoppage would be ending as a result of his actions.

"We're confident that it will," he said.

"[The CIRB] are independent … they have a process that requires consultation with the parties. They will be doing that and rendering a decision, I hope very quickly."

When pressed for a timeline for resumption of rail operations, MacKinnon said it should happen "within days."

"Again, I want to be deferential to the process that will unfold," he said.

Both rail companies released statements Thursday saying they would restart operations following MacKinnon's announcement, but neither offered a timeline.

Triggering section 107 of the Labour Code doesn't prevent a union from striking. The Teamsters union representing the rail workers said picket lines will remain in place while it considers its next steps.

MacKinnon's predecessor, Seamus O'Regan, referred the labour dispute between WestJet and the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association to the CIRB for arbitration in July. The board still allowed a strike to happen.

O'Regan also asked the board to go to binding arbitration last summer during the B.C. port strike. The parties ended up reaching a deal two days later.

A CN employee hammers a sign into place at the CN MacMillan Yard in Vaughan, near Toronto, on August 22, 2024. (Carlos Osorio/Reuters)

Thompson cautioned that going to arbitration too often could have an impact on future labour negotiations.

"Bargaining can atrophy if the parties are expecting arbitration to solve their problems," he said.

"The government has to take the long view. Every employer association in the country practically has demanded arbitration, but they just want to solve their problem now. Whereas if you're the federal government, you've got to worry about the next set of negotiations."

Beyond arbitration, the government also could reconvene Parliament to pass back-to-work legislation.



How Canada reached the brink of an unprecedented railway stoppage

The Liberals used back-to-work legislation in both 2021 and 2018. Raitt said it might be the only option in this circumstance, given the risk to the economy.

"I really see no choice for the federal government but to have back-to-work legislation and then a process to settle the collective agreement for the parties," she said.

But Thompson said the government would need to know it had a dance partner in the House of Commons willing to pass the legislation before recalling MPs back to Ottawa for a rare summer sitting.

"No government… is going to say 'We're ordering you guys back to Ottawa for legislation,' and then don't have it passed," he said


WATCH | NDP won't 'accept' any interference by feds in rail shutdown, says Singh:


NDP won’t ‘accept’ any interference by feds in rail shutdown, says Singh
Duration3:27
NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh says he doesn’t want to see any move by the Liberal government that ‘interferes with the fair negotiation of a contract.’ A shutdown of Canada’s two main railroads began early Thursday after labour talks fell apart.

The NDP has a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberals that sees its MPs support the minority government on confidence votes. The NDP has called on the government not to intervene in the dispute.

On Thursday, NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh accused the federal government of undermining workers.

"The Liberals' actions are cowardly, anti-worker and proof that they will always cave to corporate greed, and Canadians will always pay for it," he said in a statement.

"There will be no end to lockouts now. Every employer knows they can get exactly what they want from Justin Trudeau by refusing to negotiate with their workers in good faith. And that puts the safety of workers and communities at risk."

CBC News has reached out to the Conservatives and the Bloc Québécois for comment on the railway stoppage but has yet to receive a response.
Harris would be the first female US leader. Europe has had many. What gives?

Brendan Mcdermid/Reuters
Democratic presidential candidate and Vice President Kamala Harris waves from the stage during Day 1 of the Democratic National Convention at the United Center in Chicago, Aug. 19, 2024.


By Lenora Chu 
Special correspondent
@LenoraChu
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
Aug. 22, 2024

No woman has ever been president of the United States. And Kamala Harris is only the second in history to be a major political party’s nominee for the post.

However, Germany has already been led by Angela Merkel and the United Kingdom by Margaret Thatcher, Theresa May, and Liz Truss. Giorgia Meloni, Mette Frederiksen, Ingrida Šimonytė, and Evika Siliņa are the current heads of government for Italy, Denmark, Lithuania, and Latvia, respectively. And Ursula von der Leyen was just tapped for another term in one of the European Union’s most powerful positions, president of the European Commission.

So why has female political leadership become so normalized in Europe, when it remains so rare, particularly at the highest levels, in the U.S.?

The United States achieved democracy before most European nations. But it still lags behind Europe in terms of female representation in leadership. Why the gap?

The answer, experts say, comes from a mix of factors embedded in both European and American media and culture. Partly it lies in Europe’s focus on work-life balance, gender quotas in government, and proportional representation – which allows parties to choose female leaders rather than the public needing to directly elect them.

Media treatment of women is also a significant factor. Around the globe, female candidates generally get fewer mentions than men, and when U.S. media do focus on female candidates, they are more likely to highlight personal traits rather than professional achievements. That can reinforce gender stereotypes and complicate how women politicians navigate the political environment.

“The difficulties that American female candidates face – it is a laundry list. It is so incredibly pervasive, the many ways in which they are challenged,” says Laurie Nsiah-Jefferson, director of the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston. “The focus is on physical appearance, tone, background. And voters are perfectly willing to vote for a man for a high office that they think is qualified, that they don’t necessarily like. But they’re not as willing to vote for women they think are qualified, that they don’t like.”

Liesa Johannssen/AP
Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel attends an event in Berlin, May 23, 2024.
A supportive environment in Europe

European countries generally have strong welfare states, which emphasize economic safety nets, work-life balance, social equality, and other policies that help ease the path for women to run for office.

“The important difference is the structure of the welfare state, such as high-quality child care, high-quality public education, high-quality eldercare, and the kinds of things that are especially important for women in order to be able to have a working life and a family life,” says Lena Wängnerud, a political scientist at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. The Scandinavian countries have particularly strong welfare states, she says, and women have also had the most success in achieving high political positions there.

Proportional representation – in which parties must gain only a plurality, rather than a majority of votes, to win the seat – also helps boost female politicians in Europe, she says. Under this system, parties can deploy strategies to run more than one candidate per district, or reserve “every second seat for a woman,” or some such gender quota to achieve higher levels of female representation, says Dr. Wängnerud.

Majoritarian systems like those in the U.S. and the U.K. “tend to have fewer women elected, because then women need to be not only the winning candidate for the party, but the winning candidate in the district,” she says.

Additionally, the first-past-the-post voting model used by the U.K. and the U.S. raises a financial barrier that particularly affects women, says Kristina Wilfore, an elections specialist and co-founder of the advocacy group #ShePersisted. “It takes $8.9 million to run for a congressional seat” in the U.S., and men are more easily able to tap sufficient fundraising networks, she says.


Vincent Thian/Reuters
Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni attends a meeting with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Beijing, July 29, 2024.

Media representations of female candidates also matter. In the U.S., media are more often privately owned enterprises with profit directives – and hence an incentive to be more sensational. This is in contrast with European countries like Germany, where many media houses receive state funding.

And while negativity and stereotyping is rampant everywhere, U.S. media might be more prone to repeating these kinds of messages about female candidates, argues Dr. Nsiah-Jefferson.


“There are huge levels of racism in Europe, you know, France, India, Germany, and everywhere else. My sense of the difference is, How much attention is this getting in the news? It doesn’t get as much of a media flurry as it does [in the U.S.].”

Overall, women everywhere also get fewer mentions in the media than their male counterparts. This “underreporting” leads to perceptions that make them seem less likely to win, writes Amanda Haraldsson, a social sciences researcher based in Vienna, in an email.

And in the U.S., when women do get media coverage, they are usually billed as new and unusual candidates who are made to seem very exceptional, “putting pressure on these female candidates to be perfect,” says Dr. Haraldsson.

“Think of [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez] – any small misstep she takes will be given a lot more attention than a male counterpart, including clothing or makeup choices, or the type of emotion she displays.”

John Locher/AP/File
Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton speak during the second presidential debate of 2016 at Washington University in St. Louis, Oct. 9, 2016.
Sexism and media scrutiny

Despite Europe’s wide representation on the list of countries that have had women leaders, European female politicians still face a far-from-perfect landscape.

There’s a large variation across the Continent, with women in Scandinavian countries faring best. And when women in Europe do run for office, their treatment by the media and by society hasn’t always been positive. 

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When Annalena Baerbock was announced as the German Green party’s candidate to replace Chancellor Merkel in 2021, the gendered attacks began immediately. She was frequently targeted with sexist tropes and misinformation campaigns that claimed she would ban household pets and eliminate widows’ pensions.

The British tabloids have been notoriously sexist as well. In 2017, the Daily Mail published a picture of Nicola Sturgeon, the first minister of Scotland, and Ms. May, the British prime minister, sitting in knee-length skirts next to the headline “Never Mind Brexit, who won Legs-it!”

“Many European countries have seen women elected to the highest level of office, [but] sadly this does not mean that female candidates in Europe are much better off,” writes Dr. Haraldsson.

In terms of identity, Ms. Harris has more factors working against her than did 2016 presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, says Dr. Nsiah-Jefferson. “Women of color are twice as likely as white candidates to be singled out in terms of misinformation, disinformation, and also sort of these violent threats online. And on top of that, you’ve got the internet and social media at another level than when Hillary was running. You’ve got [right-wing social media platforms] Truth Social, Rumble – these particular sites are influential and somehow pipeline to mainstream media.”

On a positive note, sexist treatment of Mrs. Clinton actually had the effect of encouraging more political engagement among young women, says Dr. Haraldsson.

“So there is some hope that, both in America and Europe, young women can be politically activated when they see female role models treated in a sexist way,” she says, “and perhaps lead them to take the plunge into politics themselves in the future.”
The Party of European Socialists (PES) welcomes the endorsement of Kamala Harris as presidential candidate by the U.S. Democrats

August 22, 2024

Second gentleman Doug Emhoff, from left, Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris, her running mate Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz and his wife Gwen Walz pose on stage at the Democratic National Convention Thursday, Aug. 22, 2024, in Chicago. Photo: AP/Belga


The Party of European Socialists (PES) congratulates Vice President Kamala Harris on her endorsement as the Democratic Party candidate in the upcoming U.S. presidential elections. PES president Stefan Löfven and PES Secretary General Giacomo Filibeck are in Chicago for the Democratic National Convention (DNC) and delivered the message on the spot.

PES president Stefan Löfven said:

“Vice President Kamala Harris and the governor of Minnesota, Tim Walz, are a strong team to face Donald Trump in the battle for the White House, which has already begun. The PES welcomes the endorsement of Harris and Walz by the DNC and wishes them strength in the next months of campaigning. The progressives in Europe and around the world are putting their hopes on Kamala Harris and her running mate to prevent Trump’s comeback and further develop cooperation between the European Union and the United States.”

PES Secretary General Giacomo Filibeck said:


“Kamala Harris is running for President of the United States to protect freedoms and guarantee justice and equality. This is also what the progressives in Europe are fighting for. Harris has been able to convey a message of hope and unity for American citizens. We need leaders who are driven by a commitment to deliver social policies that tackle everyday problems citizens are facing – such as the housing crisis and access to childcare and Medicare – not leaders who instill fear through the use of hate speech like we are seeing in Trump’s campaign.”

From left to right: Johan Hassel – Center for American Progress Action Fund, Patrick Gaspard – Chief Executive Officer, Center for American Progress Action Fund, PESS President Stefan Löfven and PES Secretary General Giacomo Filibeck during the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.

The PES supported Kamala Harris all the way to her election as the first female Vice President of the United States in 2020 and beyond. During her service under President Joe Biden, much was done to put Donald Trump’s toxic rhetoric in the past. With Kamala Harris and Tim Walz, there is even a better perspective for trans-Atlantic relations. The PES looks forward to congratulating the first woman American president in November.

Thursday, August 22, 2024

JD Vance speech: Amazon funded Black Lives Matter so riots would destroy rival retailers

|Carlos Osorio/AP
Republican vice presidential nominee J.D. Vance speaks at a campaign event in Byron Center, Michigan, Aug. 14, 2024.

By Cameron Joseph 


Staff writer
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
Updated Aug. 15, 2024

In 2021, JD Vance gave a speech to a conservative think tank on “woke capital” – and accused Amazon of funding Black Lives Matter in order to burn down the competition.

“Who benefits most when small businesses on Main Street are destroyed? Who wants to see their competitors unable to deliver goods and services to people, so that you get it delivered in your brown Amazon box? Jeff Bezos,” Mr. Vance said, referencing the riots that broke out in the summer of 2020, amid a wave of racial justice protests. “The people who are invested in destroying America via our corporate class are also getting rich from it. This is an important piece of the puzzle to understand.”

Mr. Vance has described big business as an enemy of conservative values, accusing many corporations of directly undermining America. It’s a view that has gained traction on the MAGA right in recent years, with conservatives attacking companies like Disney and Budweiser for “woke” messaging and efforts at diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) – evidence of the Republican Party’s transformation in the Trump era.

Why We Wrote This

JD Vance’s attacks on “woke capital” go beyond ordinary populism: He’s said Jeff Bezos sought to fund riots and companies don’t want workers having children.


But Mr. Vance doesn’t just think companies are cynically pandering to the marketplace. He’s taken his criticisms a step further, painting corporations’ motivations in a sinister, conspiratorial light.

“If you peel back the onion, what you find is that the businesses that are most connected and most devoted to destroying our values are also benefiting financially from it,” he argued in the speech at a conference in suburban Washington, D.C., hosted by the Claremont Institute, a right-wing California think tank that has emerged as an ally of the MAGA movement.

Since he became a senator last year, Mr. Vance has broken with his party to push a number of populist economic proposals. But it’s his pugnacious rhetoric that has drawn significant public attention since former President Donald Trump selected him as his running mate.

Vance, an abortion ban, and “cheap labor”

In the same 2021 speech, Mr. Vance argued that companies supporting abortion rights really just want a pool of “cheap labor,” with workers unburdened by the cost and time commitment of caring for children. Citing former Georgia Democratic House Minority Leader Stacey Abrams’ assertion that a Georgia abortion ban would be “bad for business,” he said: “She was right. When the big corporations come against you for passing abortion restrictions, when corporations are so desperate for cheap labor that they don’t want people to parent children, she’s right to say that abortion restrictions are bad for business.”

Ms. Abrams had lamented in a 2019 Twitter thread that more business leaders weren’t speaking up against a bill prohibiting most abortions in Georgia. She says in a statement to the Monitor that his comments misrepresented her earlier remarks, while saying he and Mr. Trump “expressed contempt for women’s healthcare.”

“A woman’s access to abortion directly affects her ability to secure an education, find a job and advance and make decisions about how and when to grow a family,” she says in an email. “Companies cannot effectively attract and retain talent when half of the available workforce is denied basic human rights to care and self-determination.”

At a Thursday press availability after this story published, Mr. Vance was asked if he stood by his comments on abortion and companies — and what evidence he had to back it up. He said the evidence he had was "what people actually say," before pivoting to a broader critique of how companies treat young families, citing his own family's experience in the corporate world.

“Very often, corporate America is not especially friendly to parents with young children, and especially moms with young children. And I think we have to promote a culture of pro-family thinking and pro-family policy in this country where we see children as blessings and as resources and not as curses, which is how I think way too many companies and frankly way too many of our leaders in Washington think about our young children," he said.

Thomas Frank, a left-leaning historian and author who has written extensively on American populism, says that Mr. Vance identified a phenomenon that has been going on for years – but took it to an extreme and unsupported conclusion.

“This combination of liberalism and capitalism, this does exist, and it’s real,” says Mr. Frank. But instead of just accusing companies of virtue signaling, Mr. Vance makes a giant leap in framing their rhetoric and actions as part of a sinister plot. Jeff Bezos wanting Main Street to burn? “That sounds like a conspiracy theory to me. I would love to see his evidence for that.”

In July 2020, Amazon pledged $10 million in donations to a dozen social justice organizations, part of a wave of corporations signaling to consumers and their own employees that they shared their values. The company later offered a corporate match that led to $17 million more. Black Lives Matter’s national and local chapters received more than $2 million from Amazon and another $1 million from employee contributions.

The Trump-Vance campaign did not provide any evidence supporting Mr. Vance’s claim that the organizations Amazon donated to had supported the riots that sporadically broke out alongside the widespread, largely peaceful Black Lives Matter protests in 2020.

Recently, Senator Vance has returned to the riots that broke out that summer, claiming that Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, the Democratic vice presidential nominee, “actively encouraged the rioters” who caused widespread damage in Minneapolis after George Floyd’s murder. Mr. Walz called out the National Guard to restore order, but has faced criticism for not doing it sooner.

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Liberal or moderate? Depends which Tim Walz you’re talking about.


Mr. Vance achieved fame with a best-selling 2016 memoir, “Hillbilly Elegy,” that was at times critical of the people he’d grown up around in rural Ohio. His political rise was also fueled by patronage from his former boss, Paypal founder and venture capitalist Peter Thiel, who spent $15 million to help elect him to the Senate.

Populist record contrasts with Trump

Mr. Vance’s anti-corporate populism isn’t just rhetorical. As a senator, he’s supported raising the federal minimum wage. After a disastrous train derailment spilled chemicals in East Palestine, Ohio, he teamed up with Ohio Democratic Sen. Sherrod Brown on a bill to tighten train regulations, over protests from other Republicans. And he’s worked with Democrats on legislation to claw back compensation for executives of failed banks and to rein in credit card fees.

Mr. Trump broke with big business conservatives on immigration and trade, two major issues where Mr. Vance agrees with him. But at other times the former president’s populist rhetoric clashed with more business-friendly policies, like massive corporate tax cuts and major deregulation efforts. Mr. Trump has also flip-flopped to embrace companies he once criticized, like TikTok and Tesla, after their major investors promised to back him.

Mr. Vance appears to be more of a pure economic populist. But it’s his aggressive, acerbic rhetoric, rather than his policy views, that have drawn the most attention since Mr. Trump selected him as his running mate.

Mr. Vance’s comments in recent years calling leading Democrats “childless cat ladies,” arguing that people with children should get more votes in elections, and saying that pregnancies caused by rape and incest were “inconvenient” have resurfaced since he joined the ticket – and immediately hurt his image with voters.
Vance’s challenge in poll ratings

Democrats have taken to mocking Mr. Vance as “weird,” and it seems to be working: Polls have shown his favorability ratings are now upside down, making him less popular than Mr. Trump, as well as Vice President Kamala Harris and her running mate. A recent survey from a Democratic pollster showed that reactions to his rhetoric are driving those numbers: “Anti-woman” and “weird” were two of voters’ leading descriptions for Mr. Vance, with the number describing him as “extreme” jumping from 20% in late July to 33% in August.

Mr. Vance has sought to downplay some of his previous comments. He insisted in a Sunday ABC News interview that his suggestion that parents should have extra voting rights was just a “thought experiment” and not a policy proposal he actually supported.

But when asked for comment about his 2021 remarks to the Claremont Institute on abortion and Black Lives Matter, a spokesman for Mr. Vance doubled down.

“Jeff Bezos’s companies promoted and donated to Black Lives Matter as BLM protestors destroyed countless brick and mortar businesses across the country – the very businesses that Amazon counts as direct competitors,” Vance spokesman William Martin says in an emailed statement. “Woke billionaires like Bezos have taken over corporations across the country and turned them against the American people. Senator Vance is absolutely right to call them out and will continue to do so.”

This story was updated in the afternoon on Aug. 15 to include Mr. Vance's response to a question about the abortion comments that the Monitor published earlier in the day.
More 2024 election coverage

As Harris picks Walz, George Floyd riots resurface as election issue

Republican attacks against Vice President Kamala Harris’ running mate, Tim Walz, bring questions of law, order, and the George Floyd protests to the campaign forefront.

Six issues Kamala Harris is campaigning on – and 5 she’d rather avoid

Kamala Harris has the opportunity to rebrand herself in the eyes of voters. Her focus will include protecting abortion rights – and drawing a contrast with Donald Trump on justice.

UN says Israel's evacuation orders in Gaza endangering civilians, not protecting them

'There's been an average of 1 evacuation order every 2 days this month, forcing as many as a quarter of a million Palestinians to uproot their lives,' UN official says

Merve Aydogan |23.08.2024 - 




HAMILTON, Canada

The UN on Thursday warned of the adverse effects of Israel's mass evacuation orders in the Gaza Strip, saying such orders are endangering the lives of civilians.

"The Humanitarian Coordinator for the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Muhannad Hadi, today warned that successive mass evacuation orders issued by Israeli forces are exposing people in Gaza to harm and depriving them of the essentials they need to survive," UN spokesperson Stephane Dujarric told reporters at a news conference.


"There has been an average of one evacuation order every two days this month – forcing as many as a quarter of a million Palestinians to uproot their lives yet again," Dujarric quoted Hadi as saying.

"Hadi said that if these evacuation orders are meant to protect civilians, they are in fact doing the exact opposite. They are forcing families to flee again – often under fire and with the few belongings they can carry with them – into an ever-shrinking area that is overcrowded, polluted, with limited services and – like the rest of Gaza – unsafe," Dujarric noted.

Emphasizing the impact of evacuation orders on aid work, Dujarric said: "Many of our humanitarian colleagues have been forced to move because of these directives, which affect their premises, warehouses and other facilities."

Flouting a UN Security Council resolution demanding an immediate cease-fire, Israel has continued its brutal offensive on Gaza since an attack last Oct. 7 by Palestinian resistance group Hamas.

The Israeli onslaught has resulted in nearly 40,300 Palestinian deaths, mostly women and children, and more than 93,100 injuries, according to local health authorities.

The ongoing blockade of Gaza has led to severe shortages of food, clean water, and medicine, leaving much of the region in ruins.

Israel faces accusations of genocide at the International Court of Justice, which has ordered a halt to military operations in the southern city of Rafah, where over 1 million Palestinians had sought refuge before the area was invaded on May 6.

Palestine's UN envoy invites those 'who have spine' to visit Gaza Strip, demand cease-fire

'Gaza does not need more paralysis and death,' Riyad Mansour tells UN Security Council


Merve Aydogan |23.08.2024 - 


HAMILTON, Canada

Palestine's envoy to the UN on Thursday reiterated his call for a cease-fire in the Gaza Strip and invited the UN Security Council members to witness firsthand the "horror" endured by Palestinians.

Speaking at a Security Council session on Palestine, Riyad Mansour said he calls on "all those who have spines to come and say we are coming to demand a cease-fire and to demand it now in the Gaza Strip."

"Gaza does not need more paralysis and death. First by bombs and bullets, now combined with occupation-sponsored famine and disease, Gaza has witnessed life destroyed. It needs life to be restored, and it needs it right now," Mansour said.

Describing the collapse of essential services under the ongoing Israeli assault, he said: "The Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip have witnessed and felt in their flesh, the planned collapse of all the requirements of life."

"Israeli government does not care about even its own citizens... It cares more about killing Palestinians than it cares about saving Israelis," the envoy said.

He reminded of US President Joe Biden's remarks about the need for a "minimum of 600 truckloads of humanitarian assistance to enter the Gaza Strip on a daily basis," and asked the council: "Who is stopping you from implementing this?"

"There is no excuse for the Israelis' continued killing of innocent Palestinian civilians, of kids, of babies," he stressed, and asked the council again: "How much longer are we going to fail them?"

Mansour further highlighted the Palestinian leadership's plans to pursue further action at the UN, including a push for the implementation of the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion on ending the Israeli occupation.

"We are going to initiate another action to put an end to this illegal occupation as soon as possible," he stated.

"The time for waiting is over. The time for action is now," he added.

He called on the UN Security Council to fulfill its mandate to maintain international peace and security, and reminded the members that they "are entrusted with the maintenance of international peace and security. Stop the bleeding in Gaza, impose an immediate cease-fire, stop the suffering, protect our children and all our civilians as international law and our collective humanity demand."

Meanwhile, Israel's new UN envoy Danny Dannon called Mansour "a terrorist in a suit" and claimed that if the Palestinian envoy would not condemn Hamas, then he is one of them.
Emergency declared after volcano erupts in Iceland

A large fissure has opened on the Reykjanes peninsula 2.42 miles (3.9km) wide. Lava is already spreading over a large area.



Friday 23 August 2024 

Image:A surveillance flight over the Sundhnuks crater in southwest Iceland. Pic: Björn Oddsson, Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management

Police in Iceland have declared a state of emergency after a volcano erupted, forcing homes to be evacuated.

The eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula, in southwest Iceland, is the sixth outbreak since December.

Iceland's meteorological office recorded increased seismic activity and earthquakes at the volcanic hill, Sundhnukar, days before the volcano erupted.

A large fissure has opened up nearby, at the Sundhnukagígar crater north of Grindavik, with lava flowing both east and west.

One estimate by the country's Met Office suggests "the lava flow has travelled about 1km in 10 minutes".


Experts also said the total length of the fissure was about 2.42 miles (3.9km) and had extended by 1 mile (1.5km) in about 40 minutes.

Recent studies showed magma accumulating underground, prompting warnings of new volcanic activity in the area south of Iceland's capital, Reykjavik.

More on Iceland

https://news.sky.com/story/volcano-eruption-forces-evacuations-in-iceland-13201365



Watch live: Volcano in Iceland erupts again



Iceland volcano eruption: Piercing alarm rang loud as orange glow of a mushroom cloud filled the sky



Iceland volcano erupts for fourth time in three months - the 'most powerful so far'


The local police chief for the area has declared a state of emergency.

Meanwhile, Iceland's meteorological office said: "An eruption has begun. Work is underway to find out the location of the recordings."

Read more:
Watch: lava flows from Iceland volcano
Iceland volcano: Their hazard and their beauty

The nearby town of Grindavik has been largely abandoned since late last year when nearly 4,000 residents were first ordered to evacuate.

The most recent eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula, home to some 30,000 people, ended on June 22 after spewing fountains of molten rock for 24 days.

A fissure eruption in May on Reykjanes Peninsula, similar to the most recent eruption. Pic: AP

In February, lava flows from an eruption in the same area engulfed a road. Pic: AP

Since 2021, there have been nine eruptions in that area.

The geological systems had previously been dormant for 800 years.

Authorities have constructed man-made barriers to redirect lava flows away from critical infrastructure, including the Svartsengi power plant, the Blue Lagoon outdoor spa and the town of Grindavik.

The popular Blue Lagoon geothermal spa has been closed, while the Svartsengi area has also been evacuated.

Flights are currently unaffected.

Volcanic outbreaks in the Reykjanes peninsula are so-called fissure eruptions, which do not cause large explosions or significant dispersal of ash into the stratosphere.







Commentary
The German Far-Right: A Critical Examination of the AfD Manifesto
Professor L. Ali Khan | Washburn U. School of Law
AUGUST 21, 2024 12:11:00 PM

Edited by: JURIST Staff
L. Ali Khan, an Emeritus Professor of Law at the Washburn University School of Law in Topeka, Kansas, takes a critical look at the manifesto of the far-right German political party Alternative für Deutschland, arguing that it advocates for a return to a dead, discriminatory past...

Far-right movements gaining popularity in many European countries are primarily anti-immigrant and anti-Islam. This study examines Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), a far-right political party in Germany. Founded in 2013, the party launched the AfD manifesto, a public document approved at its Federal Party Congress held in Stuttgart from April 30 to May 1 2016. Presently, the AfD holds 77 seats in the German Bundestag, the federal parliament comprising 733 seats. As a threat to German democracy and constitutionalism, the AfD is under domestic surveillance. Recently, a regional court fined a prominent AfD leader for posting a Nazi slogan on social media. The party claims that the AfD membership has grown dramatically since January 2023.

The AfD manifesto advances several themes, some genuinely conservative and some extreme. Endorsing sovereign nation-states, the AfD opposes the European Union and the Euro as a regional currency. It romanticizes the German past that, in the AfD calculus, is rapidly unraveling or is under mortal threat of disappearance. The AfD advocates for the de-foreignization of German culture and the restoration of the standard language. Like other far-right parties in France, Hungary, Poland, and the Netherlands, the AfD sees Islam as a threat to European values. The AfD manifesto declares in unambiguous words that “Islam does not belong to Germany.”

This study challenges the far-right parts of the AfD manifesto from philosophical and historical viewpoints. It explains the AfD’s pastism (love of the past), its advocacy for de-foreignization, and that its anti-Islam fears have no place in modern denkweise (way of thinking). Contrary to the AfD manifesto, most Germans are committed to modernity and constitutionalism, do not live in some dreamy past, or wish to de-foreignize Germany by retreating into a self-suffocative nationalist sheath.

History demonstrates that Germany has had a soft corner for Islam, even when they were fearful of the Ottoman invasions. The admission of over a million Syrian and Afghan refugees into Germany in 2015 is credible evidence to show that the modern German denkweise does not view Muslims as a threat to German culture. Nor do most Germans see Islam as a threat to Germany as a prominent country in Europe and the world. Indeed, Islam may have found a beautiful home in Germany. The far-right fear of Islam is that of the far-right, not of the mainstream Germany. The AfD will likely remain a fringe far-right party and is doomed to die as a failed ideology. Yet, examining the AfD manifesto for its misguided vision for a dynamic and prosperous Germany is crucial.

Pastism

Philosophically, pastism is a group’s fascination with the cultural, social, religious, and legal past. Pastism comes in two distinct forms: conservatism and far-rightism. Conservatism is a legitimate desire to retain traditional values, social mores, and religious interpretations. No culture or tradition can survive without conservatism, which provides a restraining anchor for otherwise senseless changes. Far-rightism is a more militant pastism that proposes dismantling all diversions from a fantasized past and is inherently anti-evolutionary. Future-oriented movements are critical of the present and propose constructing a brand-new future. Past-oriented movements like AfD are also critical of the present. However, they aspire for the future to look like the past. No future can look like the past.

Most far-right movements in Europe and elsewhere, even in some Muslim countries, are sentimental for the traditional past, offer criticisms of divergences from the past, and advocate for the restoration of ancient times. Some far-right movements wish to reinstate a specific historical period, while others want to restore a more nebulous past spread over centuries.

The Salafi movement, for example, is a far-right Muslim ideology that romanticizes the period of the prophet’s companions and the rule of the first four Caliphs, a period that lasted for less than thirty years (632-661 CE) after the prophet’s death. ISIS is the most violent face of the Salafi movement. Ironically, three of the four Caliphs were murdered by Muslims, and this was the period when the great Sunni-Shia schism originated over succession disputes, which later morphed into theological and jurisprudential divisions. Yet, whitewashing violence, apostasy wars, and Arab tribal warfare, the Salafi movement draws inspiration from the idealized era of the first four Caliphs. If Muslims of the 21st century, Arabs and non-Arabs, follow the prophet’s companions, say the Salafis, Muslim nations will restore their lost power and dignity. This ideology, ignoring the worldwide evolution of Muslims and conditions over fourteen centuries, is an example of far-rightism.

Like the Salafi thinking, the AfD manifesto declares, “We want to reform Germany and return to the roots.” Where do we start tapping the German roots? How deep do we dig to see the origins of Germany? Back to 59-50 BCE, when Julius Caesar conquered Gaul and named the people on the East of the River Rhine as Germans? Back to 313 CE, when the Catholic Church began to found its Dioceses in Germany? Back to 785 CE, when Charlemagne (later The Holy Roman Emperor) passed a law to execute Saxons who refused to convert to Christianity? Back to 1517, when Martin Luther posted his documented rebellion against the Catholic Church and launched a movement that would forever divide Christianity into a thousand denominations? Back to 1618-48, when the Thirty Years War, one of the most savage wars in Germany, destroyed houses, burnt crops, and butchered the people of competing Christian faiths? Of course, finding German roots in the Third Reich (1933-45) is not even a plausible thesis.

Germany’s golden period, spanning over two hundred years (18th and 19th centuries), saw the rise of intellectual and artistic superhumans like Bach, Mozart, Kant, Wagner, Nietzsche, Marx, Beethoven, Hegel, Goethe, Planck, Gauss, and Mann. Dictated by inevitability, Germany’s golden period was on a downward Gaussian slope when Hitler was born in 1899. Perhaps referring to this golden period, the AfD manifesto states: “Germany has a rich cultural heritage. German writers, philosophers, musicians, artists, architects, designers and film producers have made significant contributions on an international scale in each of their respective disciplines.” Germany can indeed be very proud of this extraordinary period. But life moves on.

The word “again” is a historical ruse (Make America Great Again is a form of pastism). As a guiding hand, the “again” pastism defies mutation and entropy, two cardinal principles of natural and social evolution. A beautiful period in a nation’s history is like a beautiful dream. The country cannot go back to sleep to redream the beautiful dream. The past is gone forever; it is un-resurrectable. The Greeks (469 -322 BCE) will never have Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle again. England (1798-1837 CE) will never have Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Keats, Byron, and Shelly again. Those waiting for the Buddha or any other divine figure will wait forever. However, the future offers infinite new opportunities.

Looking backward and denying realities on the ground, the AfD manifesto points out that Christianity, the Renaissance, and Roman law are the roots of German culture. But are these roots mutually supportive? In another paragraph, the manifesto describes “the Judeo-Christian foundations of our culture.” It is unclear how the AfD reconciles this part of the German foundation with the Holocaust. The AfD also conveniently overlooks the fact that close to 50 percent of Germans subscribe to no religion.

The AfD must understand that even historical periods follow a bell-curve distribution: rising, peaking, and eventually flattening. Each generation has the inherent right to live as they please, and to subject them to past generations is unjust. This generational selection is as inevitable as natural selection. Great generations rise and pass away, replaced by average generations, including far-right groups that do nothing but spread hatred and hubris, contributing poison to the heritage. A selective coloring of history is possible, which cherry-picks periods, events, and laws to paint a romantic past that looks perfect not only to the naïve but also to the educated, except to those who understand the futility of historical romanticism (originalism jurisprudence is selective pastism).

Suppose the AfD’s love for the German tradition is heartfelt. What the AfD fails to understand is that no tradition is static. Nothing remains the same, and intelligent nations understand the dynamic tension between conservatism and change. Conservatism guides change, for change without traditional constraint is willful and erratic. Far-rightism resents change and forcibly, but unsuccessfully, stamps pastism over the forces of evolution. Far-rightism, in every case, is doomed to fail.

De-foreignization

De-foreignization is an intriguing German phenomenon that the AfD also advocates. Historically, Germany has ousted things foreign to preserve its moral and cultural integrity. No culture comes into being, let alone survives if people throw away their social mores. A good deal of pride and genuine respect for customs, particularly the mother tongue, is critical for a culture to breathe freely and grow organically. To this extent, the AfD manifesto is on the right footing.

Paradoxically, however, coercion, pressure, social sanctions, criminal punishments, incentives, and propaganda to reject new ideas hasten the demise of culture. A healthy culture reinforces itself when each subsequent generation freely decides to carry forward the traditions they inherited. Much like nature, each generation selects from culture what it wants and deselects what it does not. In this generational selection lies the dynamic continuity of a culture. Far-rightism is dead wrong when it wishes to suppress generational selection.

Historically, there have always been AfD-type German factions committed to cultural preservation. Consider Martin Luther (d. 1546), the professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, who launched the undermining of the Roman Catholic Church. Aside from doctrinal disputes and heresies, two key elements drove Luther: One, why should Germans finance a foreign institution (the Roman Church) by paying for repentance? Two, why should Germans pray in a foreign language, Latin, and not in their mother tongue? By promoting these fundamental ideas, Luther was de-foreignizing Germany. True to his de-foreignization ideology, Luther first translated the New Testament into German and later translated the Old Testament. In addition to his Ninety-Five Theses, Luther worked all his life to polish and refine the German version of the Bible.

Reflecting on history in Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler (d. 1945) argued that Germans living under foreign rulers, like the House of Hapsburg, yearn to uphold “the sacred right of using their mother tongue . . . and come to realize what it means to have to fight for the traditions of one’s race.” Lamenting the Austrian policy of multiracialism, Hitler writes “the poison of foreign races was eating into the body of our people, and even Vienna was steadily becoming more and more a non-German city.” Hitler praises the youth who “refused to sing non-German songs” and were “incredibly alert” while learning from “un-German” teachers.

Both Luther and Hitler wished to rid Germany of foreign intrusions. However, there is a remarkable difference in their motives and purpose. Luther deforeignized Christianity to make it more meaningful for Germans to understand and practice spirituality. By throwing away a corrupt foreign church, Luther wished to purify rituals from making money. Hitler, however, had less than noble motives. By emphasizing the “German songs” and sowing seeds against “un-German” teachers, Hitler planted hatred and engaged in ethnic cleansing. For Luther, religion was inseparable from the German language; for Hitler, race was inseparable from the German language.

The AfD must show that the emphasis on the German language is not a secret code for ethnic cleansing or mass expulsion of immigrants. Chapter 7 of the AfD manifesto states: “Our culture is inextricably linked to the German language, which has developed over centuries, and which in itself is a reflection of its intellectual history, national identity within central Europe, and German set of basic values.” This statement is valid, but what is its purpose? Even the Europeans need an answer.

Language Agenda

Even without any racial agenda, the AfD agenda about language is crude, anti-evolutionary, and internally inconsistent unless it is promoting linguistic imperialism. The AfD manifesto demands long-term action to maintain and strengthen the German standard language. It also demands that German be a spoken and written language worldwide. The demand for the standard language means the exclusion of foreign vocabulary, grammar, and humor into the German language. However, the AfD manifesto demands that the German language be taught in foreign lands through the Goethe Institute and other cultural institutions. The irony is palpable. The AfD would be very happy if Turks in Turkey spoke a mixture of Turkish and German languages, but they would not allow the Turks living in Germany to do the same.

Furthermore, the AfD firmly rejects degenderized and politically correct language. Again, the AfD makes a generational selection mistake. Each generation speaks a different version of the same language, selecting and deselecting words and phrases and borrowing expressions from other populations. This interactivity is unstoppable in the age of social media when the world’s young trade ideas and memes. The new generations must be free to form and speak gender-neutral words. They must also be free to consider political sensitivities in speech. The AfD cannot slam the ancient “table manners” in language on future generations. (Das ist doch Quatsch!)

The AfD manifesto wants the German language to be placed “on an equal footing” with English and resents the infiltration of English in Germany. Of course, the imperial clout of “Anglo-Saxon” countries, especially England and the United States, have internationalized the English language. Yet, there is more to the story. There is no one standard English. Various English accents, words, spellings, phrases, witticisms, and vernaculars freely roam worldwide. English is open to borrowing yogurt from Turkish, chutney from Hindi, coffee from Arabic, and hamburger from German. The AfD must understand that a language is a free-range organism that falls ill in a cage of restrictions. A language flourishes only when it freely interacts with other languages. For example, many languages have borrowed the Arabic word Sharia (Islamic law), including Scharia in German.

Islamophobia

Chapter 7 of the AfD manifesto states: “Islam does not belong to Germany. Its expansion and the ever-increasing number of Muslims in the country are viewed by the AfD as a danger to our state, our society, and our values.” Nearly 6 percent of the population of Germany, the most populated country in Western Europe, is Muslim, predominantly of Turkish and Syrian origin. The 6 percent of 85 million comes out to be roughly 5.5 million. Germany has a net negative population growth and needs immigrants to keep the economic engine going.

At the heart of the AfD, Islamophobia is the concern for German identity. The AfD is correct to the extent that language, ethnicity, and religion are the fundamental ingredients of identity everywhere in the world. Most Muslims in Germany speak the German language but differ in two distinct aspects: ethnicity and religion. Still, under the restraining influence of the Jewish Holocaust, any robust connection between race and German identity is something unacceptable in public discourse, though, silently, race remains a significant factor in German identity politics. Even reference to ethnicity has the odor of racism. So, Islam surfaces as the primary identity feature that the AfD has selected to draw the contrast between traditional Germany and the new Germany.

One of the three founders of the AfD quit the party, accusing its members of Islamophobia and Xenophobia. Some converted to Islam. Islamophobia, much like anti-Semitism, is a readily available label for any criticisms of Islam and Muslims. The term Islamophobia is legitimate to the extent that it describes hatred, hostility, and violence against Muslims. However, philosophical disputes with Islamic theology, law, or practices cannot be Islamophobia, and to this extent, the AfD manifesto is not problematic. Jews, Christians, Hindus, or any others have no obligation to accept Islam or refrain from disputing Islamic law and theology. Caricatures of the prophet of Islam, which the AfD endorses, are, in my view, counterproductive, even under German decency standards.

In 2023, an independent group of experts concluded that “at least one-third of Muslims in Germany have experienced hostility due to their religion. However, the experts pointed out that the real numbers are likely vastly higher since only 10% of Muslims appear to report hostility and hate crimes against them.” Nearly 50 percent of the current German population subscribes to no faith, about 25 percent are Protestants, and 25 percent are Catholic. There are no figures to show whether German Protestants, German Catholics, or non-believers hate Islam the most.

I believe the fear of Islam that the AfD advocates is deeply rooted in German history, as some German factions in almost every period have viewed Islam and Muslims as a threat to Germany. The Islamic threat is not fiction; it is real for many Germans. For centuries, the danger was territorial. Now, it is ideological. The question is whether the Germans should resist Islam by raw force or authentic intellect, prejudicial suppression, or genuine non-acceptance. Just as Germans are free to accept any faith, they should be free to accept Islam as well. The German Basic Law (Constitution) is clear: “Freedom of faith and of conscience and freedom to profess a religious or philosophical creed shall be inviolable.”

Even history supports the Basic Law. Consider Martin Luther again. During the period Luther translated the Bible for the Germanization of Christianity, the Ottomans besieged Vienna under Suleiman the Magnificent (1529). The Ottoman invasions started more than a hundred years before Luther was born in 1483. In 1389, the Ottomans conquered a large portion of Serbia. In 1422, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, which dismantled the Eastern citadel of Christianity called the Byzantine Empire. Luther saw the entire reign of Suleiman the Magnificent and died while Suleiman was still in power.

Many German factions pressured Luther, living a life as a declared heretic and outlaw, to pronounce a holy war against Islam and its Turkish invaders. A theologian who built his intellect and spirituality on distinctions and fine points saw it legitimate to fight the Turks as invaders but not as Muslims. A secular war against the Turks is the duty of Germans, but it cannot be a holy war against Islam.

In reprinting and writing the preface to a book called The Tract on the Religious Customs of the Turks, Luther is critical of the Catholic Church for misrepresenting Islam to Christians. Luther extols Islam by highlighting “the modesty and simplicity of their food, clothing, dwellings, and everything else, as well as the fasts, prayers, and common gatherings of the people.” That Luther tactically prefers Islam over Catholicism is a plausible theory. However, it is hard to believe that a professor of theology, a translator of the Bible, and the founder of Protestantism was so narrow-minded and spiritually corrupt that he portrayed Islam favorably only to put down the Catholic Church. The AfD must not misrepresent Islam by sensationalism and distortions. Honest and considered criticisms of Islamic law and theology are not Islamophobia.

Conclusion

This commentary does not oppose German conservatism, only far-rightism. The AfD manifesto promotes significant conservative values, an acceptable ideology to criticize and deter senseless cultural, social, and legal alterations. Change without conservative constraints is unruly and anarchic. Far-rightism, however, is anti-evolutionary as it denies mutation and entropy, the two cardinal principles. Values change and decay. The AfD must respect generational selection and allow present and future German generations to make changes in what they inherited from their ancestors. By all counts, the AfD opposition to Muslims and Islam is irrational and contrary to the Basic Law of Germany. In my view, Islam and Germany are fully compatible.


PantheraLeo1359531CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Opinions expressed in JURIST Commentary are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of JURIST's editors, staff, donors or the University of Pittsburgh.