PAKISTAN

Dreams to despair

Rabiya Javeri Agha 

December 19, 2024

DAWN

The writer is chairperson of the National Commission for Human Rights.

LIKE many developing nations, Pakistan’s economy relies heavily on its migrant workers — individuals who leave home with dreams of a better future, not just for themselves but for their families. In 2023, 860,000 Pakistanis ventured abroad for employment, becoming the lifeline of our economy through their remittances. The sweat and blood of these overseas workers flowed back $30 billion into Pakistan’s economy last year alone.

Pakistan’s migrant population falls into three overlapping groups: regular economic migrants contributing critical remittances, irregular migrants seeking opportunities through informal channels, and detainees abroad — many held for immigration or labour violations. These groups reflect the vulnerabilities of Pakistan’s labour migration system and the need for reform.

Today, 23,456 Pakistanis languish in foreign prisons, primarily in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Iraq, and other countries. Over 7,800 of them await trial, while the rest serve sentences for infractions like overstaying visas, labour violations, or working without permits.

Behind these numbers are human beings — individuals who lacked the legal awareness, language skills, and support to navigate unfamiliar justice systems, turning their dream of opportunity into a living nightmare.


We owe our migrant workers more than praise; we owe them protection.

The challenges that Pakistan’s migrants face — regular or irregular — are deeply rooted in Pakistan’s flawed labour migration system. The recruitment process, intended to ensure fair employment, remains a minefield of exploitation. While the country’s 2,157 licensed Overseas Employment Promoters operate out of only seven cities, the majority of rural migrants rely on unregulated sub-agents who often deceive them with false promises and illegal ‘azad visas’. Irregular migrants are most vulnerable to exploitation since they often lack formal protections and face harsher penalties when caught.

This is not merely an administrative issue — it is a human rights crisis. Migrants are not just economic contributors; they are citizens whose dignity and safety the state is obligated to protect. Yet our fragmented system has failed to shield them. Weak enforcement of laws, limited pre-departure training, and poor oversight of sub-agents leave migrants unprepared and unsupported when they face foreign legal systems.

The absence of a comprehensive consular protection policy adds to their plight. Diplomatic missions, constrained by limited resources and unclear guidelines, often fail to offer timely assistance. In the 2017 Asma Shafi case, the Lahore High Court directed the formulation of a ‘Uniform Consular Protection Policy’ to ensure legal aid, repatriation, and rehabilitation for detained Pakistanis. Seven years later, progress remains glacial. The Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights, in February 2024, issued a 90-day deadline for finalisation of the policy — a deadline that has now expired, marking a missed opportunity.

To address these systemic gaps, the government must strengthen recruitment mechanisms by ensuring that sub-agents are regulated and by expanding access to licensed Overseas Employment Promoters in the rural areas. Mandatory pre-departure briefings should be implemented to prepare all migrants — regular and irregular — with knowledge of their rights, the risks they may face, and the systems they can turn to in times of crisis.

At the same time, Pakistan’s diplomatic missions must be equipped with the resources and stru­ctured policies ne­­eded to respond ef­­fectively to the ne­­­-eds of overseas wor­kers. The formulation of prison tra-nsfer agreements with countries hosting large numbers of Pakistani detainees can allow these individuals to serve their sentences at home, closer to their families and support systems.

For those facing the death penalty abroad, consular access and immediate legal representation must become a national priority. These are not bureaucratic formalities; they are matters of life and dignity.

Pakistan’s migrant workers are our ambassadors abroad — heroes who sacrifice their comfort to support our nation. Whether they send remittances home, seek better lives through irregular means, or find themselves trapped in foreign legal systems, they are part of our collective responsibility. We owe them more than praise; we owe them protection.

The future of Pakistan’s migrant workforce rests on our ability to act. The world observed International Migrants Day yesterday; let us commit to reforming systems, enforcing laws, and, above all, honouring their sacrifices with action.

Published in Dawn, December 19th, 2024

PAKISTAN

Honouring Jinnah’s legacy on diversity

Shahmeer Asif 

December 21, 2024 

DAWN

Illustration by Gazein Khan

It’s the last month of the year. The chill in the air, combined with the festive vibe, feels magical. The happiness on the faces of youngsters and adults alike, is something only this month seems to bring.

Why is that? Well, the holidays, along with the anticipation of the New Year, certainly play a part. But there’s more. Two significant events also make December special: December 25th holds dual importance for Pakistanis as it marks the birthday of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the globally celebrated festival of Christmas.

On this day, we honour the legacy of the founder of the nation, while the Christian community celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, Prophet Issa (AS), a symbol of peace, love and hope. This meaningful coincidence delivers a strong message of coexistence, diversity and the shared values that unites us as a nation.

I have witnessed December 25th in a way that I believe few of you might know. I’ve experienced the celebration and the joy of togetherness in both ways — our way and the way Christians do. This is because my best friend is a Christian, he is also my neighbour, and I’ve witnessed their festivities first-hand. We also share our celebrations together. Perhaps it is because of him that I cherish the birth of the father of the nation even more. Let me tell you why.


The feeling that this country is a gift we have after the great struggles and sacrifices of our forefathers, and, of course, the visionary leadership of Jinnah, fills me with immense joy and contentment. How could one be so selfless, to take actions that have given us a free land? A land where we enjoy everything without the suppression of any regime, where we can live according to our beliefs, and where I can roam freely with my friend from another religion. He is my brother, and I am his. We share happiness and togetherness. This is a blessing that most of us don’t fully realise, but I do. I feel that it is because of Jinnah that my friend and I can live this way, peacefully, without any boundaries separating us.

As a neighbour, I witness the festive decorations in Christian homes very closely. When Christmas is around the corner, the houses are filled with the aroma of cakes and cookies, and yummy traditional desserts; while the Christmas tree is decorated with little garlands, stars, fairy light and what not to make it look even more fascinating. And when it’s the morning of December 25th, all the members go to attend the Christmas service at the church.

The churches are also full of festivity and joy; their decoration just makes my heart skip a beat. Everywhere there are wreaths and garlands, the smell of fresh roses, and other flowers fill the air, the warm glow of candles at the chapel and platform just look mesmerising. The atmosphere is made even more special as everyone sings hymns and prays for peace and happiness for all. Then the pastor speaks about the importance of love and kindness, reminding everyone that these values are at the heart of Christmas.

Just like we after offering prayers on Eidul Fitr, and then gather at home to celebrate with our family, Christian families, also, after the services at church, celebrate the day at their homes, with their family members and friends. Like most festive gatherings, on this day, grievances are forgotten, as the occasion promotes love, care, harmony and togetherness. The tables are filled with delicious sweet and savoury dishes, including the traditional Christmas food items. This is also when the grandparents and the elderly share stories from their times, stories that teach everyone valuable lessons.

While the Christmas celebrations are in full swing, it reminds me of another great event, yes, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s birthday, which also falls on the same day.

He’s rightly called the “father of the nation,” as he worked tirelessly to create Pakistan, a place where people of all religions could live freely. From the very beginning in our academic journeys, we have been taught that Jinnah believed in unity and equal rights for everyone. His speeches convey what a selfless, humble and sincere man he was!

Illustration by Gazein Khan

I know that for many kids, this might feel boring and typical of every year. But it is important to remind yourself of all the brave leaders, historical figures, and pivotal moments that made it possible for us to live in Pakistan. They may not seem significant to you, but by reminding yourself time and again of how it all happened, you will surely come to realise how important it is to preserve and protect this land.

And for this, I watch programmes on TV showing footage of Jinnah’s life. The stories about his struggles, his speeches and how he envisioned Pakistan as a land for everyone, regardless of their religion or background, make me respect this land even more. I watch with my family, feeling grateful for his leadership and for the sacrifices he made to give us this nation.

But you know what? My best friend never forgets me. He invites me to his home, where we share sweets and desserts, cherishing our friendship as we sit by the Christmas tree, admiring the twinkling lights. This is the moment when I reflect on what this friendship means to me and to him. If it weren’t for Jinnah’s dream, perhaps we wouldn’t be able to sit together like this.

My friend often tells me, “To me, December 25th isn’t just about Christmas. It’s a reminder of how special this country that we are living is, a place where my family can celebrate our traditions and honour the leader who made it all possible. It’s two celebrations in one heart — a heart filled with faith, gratitude and hope.”

I feel so proud of our friendship and our nation.

Jinnah’s vision of religious freedom

Jinnah dreamt of a country where people of all religions could live harmoniously. In his famous speech on August 11, 1947, he emphasised the need for religious freedom:

“You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion, caste or creed — that has nothing to do with the business of the State.”

These words highlight the commitment of the Quaid to create a nation where diversity is celebrated rather than suppressed. He believed that religion should not interfere with matters of governance or equality, and ensured that every citizen — Muslim, Christian, Hindu or otherwise — felt a sense of belonging and security.

If you have a friend or classmate from a different faith, respect them and their beliefs. Make them feel valued and secure, knowing that they, too, have the right to live freely and celebrate their faith. After all, our religion teaches peace, harmony and respect for others. It is up to us to embody these values, show kindness and care for the minorities around us.

As Pakistan faces challenges related to religious intolerance and polarisation, the significance of December 25th grows even more profound. The day is a powerful reminder of the values that Pakistan was founded upon.

We, being in the majority, are responsible to guide and protect the minorities who are an integral part of this land, because it is their land too! We must ensure their safety and well-being, care for their needs and offer our support. We should also celebrate their happiness and stand by them in their moments of joy and grief. Granting minorities equal rights to celebrate their traditions, culture and religion is not just a privilege, but their rightful due.

A hopeful future

Hey, kids, don’t you think the coexistence of Quaid-i-Azam Day and Christmas on the same date serves as a beacon of hope for Pakistanis? Yes, it does, it reminds us that we have the potential to rise above divisions and live in harmony. This December 25th, let us celebrate not just the birth of a leader or the birth of a prophet, but also the birth of a timeless lesson: that diversity is a gift, and unity is its greatest expression.

Published in Dawn, Young World, December 21st, 2024

US judge finds Israeli firm liable for WhatsApp hacking

Reuters 

 December 22, 2024

OAKLAND: A US judge ruled on Friday in favour of Meta Platforms’ WhatsApp in a lawsuit accusing Israel’s NSO Group of exploiting a bug in the messaging app to install spy software allowing unauthorised surveillance.

US District Judge Phyllis Hamilton in Oakland, California, granted a motion by WhatsApp and found NSO liable for hacking and breach of contract. The case will now proceed to a trial only on the issue of damages, Hamilton said. NSO Group did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment.

Will Cathcart, the head of WhatsApp, said the ruling is a win for privacy. “We spent five years presenting our case because we firmly believe that spyware companies could not hide behind immunity or avoid accountability for their unlawful actions,” Cathcart said in a social media post.

“Surveillance companies should be on notice that illegal spying will not be tolerated.” Cybersecurity exp­erts welcomed the judgment.

John Scott-Railton, a senior researcher with Canadian internet watchdog Citizen Lab which first brought to light NSOs Pegasus spyware in 2016 called the judgment a landmark ruling with huge implications for the spyware industry.

The entire industry has hidden behind the claim that whatever their customers do with their hacking tools, it’s not their responsibility, he said in an instant message. Today’s ruling makes it clear that NSO Group is in fact responsible for breaking numerous laws.

WhatsApp in 2019 sued NSO seeking an injunction and damages, accusing it of accessing WhatsApp servers without permission six months earlier to install the Pegasus software on victims’ mobile devices.

Published in Dawn, December 22nd, 2024

PAKISTAN


Fertility woes — the hidden cost of rising air pollution

As air pollution levels rise, women face a double burden — fighting for clean air and grappling with the impact on their reproductive health.

Aqsa Shams 

December 18, 2024


Climate-induced illnesses have been mounting globally with poorer nations being particularly vulnerable as they bear the brunt of greenhouse gas emissions more than anyone. Among the most alarming consequences is the toll on air quality, which not only fuels respiratory and cardiovascular diseases but also jeopardises human health on a broader scale — especially threatening women’s reproductive health and fertility.

In Pakistan, the crisis looms large over women in Punjab, the country’s most populous province and hub of hazardous air pollution. Lahore, the provincial capital, has consistently ranked among the world’s most polluted cities, with its skies choking on toxic smog year after year. This season is no different; Lahore’s spiralling air quality crisis has led to hospitals overflowing with patients suffering from respiratory illnesses, asthma, eye infections, and heart conditions.

Beyond the well-known health risks, recent studies indicate the risk of women developing fertility issues due to poor air quality index (AQI). According to research published by Environmental Science and Technology, high levels of air pollution in cities have an enormous impact on fertility, as exposure to PM2.5 reduces ovarian reserves and affects pregnancy rates.

Another study conducted by the National Library of Medicine states that “epidemiological research on humans and animals supports the view that air pollutants lead to abnormalities during reproduction, which reduces reproductive capacities in susceptible populations”.

Infertility is a growing global crisis. Nearly one in six adults worldwide will face infertility at some point in their lives — accounting for 17.5 per cent of the global population, the World Health Organisation notes.

Air pollution and infertility nexus

In Pakistan’s context, fertility expert Dr Zeryab Setna says, “A woman’s ovarian reserve may be negatively impacted by air pollution.” The cause? Cellular inflammation triggered by oxidative stress, disrupting hormones and the balance of the reproductive system. As the quality of life — spanning environment, food, and water — deteriorates, the rise in infertility rates is becoming hard to ignore. But Dr Setna remains cautious, acknowledging that, for now, a direct link between pollution and specific infertility cases remains elusive.

Yet, it’s not just women who are affected. “Men aged 30-45 are particularly vulnerable, with studies showing how air pollution can diminish sperm count, motility, and even damage DNA,” he added. The impact is clear — but the full extent remains under investigation.

Lahore-based gynaecologist Professor Dr Nudrat Sohail echoes this uncertainty. She acknowledges that the relationship between air pollution and female fertility is still debatable, with several theories emerging. “Firstly, air pollutants can mimic hormones such as androgens or estrogens, which can interfere with normal hormone function pathways. Another reason is attributed to air pollution potentially exacerbating inflammation and oxidative stress.”

Dr Sohail says that air pollution might very well affect fertility, but there is a lack of definitive research to pinpoint it as the primary cause. She stresses the urgent need for further studies to confirm or rule out the direct role of air pollutants in infertility.

Speaking to a renowned Indian newspaper, India-based senior consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Dr Manju Gupta says, “Several air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, have been connected to hormonal abnormalities. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), or endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are prevalent in pollutants and can change how women produce, regulate, and discharge their reproductive hormones. This may result in irregular menstrual cycles, reduced fertility, and ovulatory dysfunction. These pollutants also have an adverse influence on egg quality, which makes pregnancy more challenging.”

Dr Gupta warns that the growing body of evidence points to a troubling connection between pollution and reproductive health.

What does medical research say?

According to Farhana Tabassum, manager of research related to the impact of climate change on women’s health at the Institute for Global Health and Development (IGHD) at Agha Khan University, Pakistan is the fifth most vulnerable country when it comes to climate change and its vulnerability to weather-related events intensifies the climate-induced risks impacting women’s fertility — risking maternal and babies’ health before and after delivery.

“Air pollutants could play a substantial role in driving fertility challenges for women,” she explains. The future of women’s reproductive health, Tabassum continues, looks increasingly bleak without decisive action to combat air pollution.

“Women’s exposure to hazardous pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases interrupts hormonal balance and reproductive health contributing to an upsurge in infertility rates. With the inadequate healthcare and environmental degradation compounded with challenges such as malnutrition, the growing infertility crisis could become a serious public health issue, straining already overburdened healthcare systems,” she adds.

Future of pregnant women amid polluted environment

Tabassum paints a grim picture of the intersection between poor environmental conditions and maternal health, particularly in cities like Lahore. “Heat, stress, and poor air quality during pregnancy lead to adverse outcomes, including preterm births, neonatal mortality, and cardiovascular issues,” she says.

These risks, she emphasises, are not confined to urban centres but ripple across rural landscapes, where gender imbalances and resource disparities exacerbate the toll on women. “They are more exposed to air pollution during cooking, often using wood as fuel, which releases harmful smoke.”

“During crop-cutting seasons, women work in open fields, inhale dust and pollutants from agricultural activities. These environmental exposures along with the additional responsibility of household chores and caregiving, significantly increase their risk of respiratory and reproductive health issues. This heightened vulnerability demands urgent attention to improving air quality and protecting women’s health, particularly in rural areas,” she adds.

Tabassum underscores the significance of conducting joint studies to understand the ramifications of climate change on the health of women and children.

“Majority of research on this topic has been conducted in advanced countries, and our nation does not have access to such data. To evaluate the risks and effects of extreme climate change, air quality, and heat on the health of women and children, research needs to be conducted by both public and private institutions in collaboration with global organisations such as the WHO,” she states.

She further adds that the evidence could guide the development of policies aimed at improving maternal and child health in the face of climate change, “as healthy mothers and children are the foundation of a prosperous future.”

Poor air quality and women’s mental health

Mental health issues are prevalent in our society but concurrently are the most neglected ones. Most people lack awareness regarding mental health problems, often dismissing them as unworthy of treatment. However, their impacts are profound. According to several studies, compared to men, women suffer more from mental health issues due to reasons ranging from strict cultural norms to the absence of basic rights.

While the causes of poor mental health are varied, air pollution has emerged as an overlooked contributor, potentially exacerbating the pre-existing ones.

“Poor air quality becomes a contributing factor in the cause and elevation of psychological disorders. People exposed to air pollution may feel anxiety, depression, dementia, poor memory, headaches, and brain fogging impacting overall productivity,” says clinical psychologist Rabia Usman.

“Meanwhile, children may develop neurocognitive development disorders.”

Speaking about women, she points out that increased stress levels affect women’s bodies more than men’s. “Stress triggers the release of a hormone called cortisol. When stress levels remain high, the body produces excess cortisol, disrupting insulin regulation in women. This can lead to insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and conditions such as PCOS and PCOD,” she elaborates.
High stress levels and risk of miscarriage

Usman associates high levels of stress in pregnant women with the risk of miscarriage. “Insulin plays a crucial role in producing healthy eggs, enabling women to conceive. When insulin does not function properly, it can hinder the generation of quality eggs, making conception difficult. Even if pregnancy occurs, the chances of miscarriage doubles.”

She further highlights that air pollution is one of the most pressing issues today. “Pregnant women must stay in clean air to safeguard the health of both the mother and the fetus. Clean air reduces the risk of complications and ensures the normal development of the baby’s brain,” she says.
Punjab government’s measures to curb air pollution

In a bid to counteract the devastating effects of climate change, the Punjab government has launched multiple strategies aimed at reclaiming breathable air and sustainable cities. From stretching the number of trees across the city to employing spare land to plant agricultural forests, Punjab is striving to rewrite its environmental narrative.

The government has imposed mandatory vehicle certifications from workshops, announcing that no unfit vehicles would be allowed on the roads. The vehicles that transport sand and soil are also under strict scrutiny and inspection.

To ensure compliance, Punjab’s Environmental Protection Department (EPD) is at the frontline, targeting industrial polluters and the country’s 20,000+ brick kilns — deemed by a UNEP report as significant culprits behind Pakistan’s air pollution crisis. However, the EPD in collaboration with the National Energy Efficient Conservation Authority (NEECA) is working with the Brick Kiln Owners Association of Pakistan on the development of new eco-friendly methods to mitigate industrial emissions.

The Punjab government has also announced its first-ever Climate Resilient Punjab Vision Action Plan 2024 to deal with environmental problems. This comprehensive blueprint charts a future of low-emission green development, green investments, and climate-conscious education. It also ventures into climate diplomacy, tackling cross-border environmental challenges. Yet, the question persists: can these promises break through the inertia of insufficient public awareness and weak implementation?

Beyond the choking smog, the stakes are rising in harrowing ways. As the world grapples with its devastating repercussions, women find themselves at heightened risk of hormonal imbalances and infertility. This isn’t just an environmental crisis; it’s a battle for survival, for our health, and for the future of generations yet to come.

Header image: A woman carries a child as she walks across a railway track amid heavy smog in Lahore late last month. 

— AFP

The author is a multimedia journalist and producer with experience at Geo News, Samaa Digital, and Independent Urdu. Her work focuses on amplifying marginalised voices in Pakistan. She tweets: https://x.com/Aqsashams_?t=Q3grJwZzbJ4Khi5DmOQdBg&s=09

 PAKISTAN

The secrets of Karomber Lake — a tale of curses, trials, and beauty

Karomber Lake, the princess of the mountains, guards her serene splendour with trials that test the soul. Only the brave, guided by the whispers of legend and the pull of wanderlust, earn her timeless embrace.

Sulman Ali 

 December 20, 2024 

Once upon a time, in a land far removed from the mundane, there lived a princess like no other. Her beauty was whispered through the ages — a royal aura so captivating it left poets in awe, musicians lost in melody, and writers grasping for words. She was not merely admired; she was revered. Legends tell of her magnificence: a vision of serenity cloaked in untold stories, her presence as still and profound as a calm sea.

One fateful day, the tales of her splendour reached the ears of a mighty Jinn. Intrigued, he journeyed across seven seas and kingdoms to see her with his own eyes. And when he did, the sight bewitched him for centuries. Her beauty, he decreed, was too rare, too sacred, for ordinary eyes. So, in a moment of jealousy, he cast a spell that veiled her in a realm of perpetual isolation — a haven of snow-capped peaks, sapphire waters, and endless blooms of daffodils.

But the Jinn’s admiration turned to cruelty, for he cursed those who dared seek her out. To reach her court, mortals would endure a gauntlet of trials: flood-ravaged roads, treacherous mountain paths, freezing glaciers, and valleys that test the limits of the soul. Only the brave, or the reckless, would attempt the journey — a journey cursed to reveal not just the princess’ charm but also the seeker’s spirit.

This is the story of that cursed journey.

The beginning of ‘The Curse’

With bags packed, we set off for Islamabad, joining the Tour Rangers for yet another adventure. This year brought surprises — Imran Bhai, our trusted guide, wouldn’t be joining us. Instead, the trek would be led by Moin and Akmal Lal.

Akmal, the spirited trekker from Booni, Chitral, was a character like no other — blunt, eccentric, and unmatched in determination. Love him or hate him, one thing was certain: this trek wouldn’t have been possible without him.

It was because of him we could witness the land of royalty — a land where yaks have roamed for centuries, where flowers bloomed and danced in the silent breeze, where green meadows stretch endlessly, bearing witness to the wanderers passing by, where the glacial streams roar without uttering a word, and where Karomber Lake lies cradled in her solitude, guarding secrets only the boldest dare to seek.

Every trek starts the same: strangers with their own tales converge, setting off on a shared adventure. Ours began in Islamabad, a van humming with Abida Parveen and Naseebo Lal’s song as we headed towards Chitral. Optimism ran high as we dreamed of reaching the Karomber Lake and hearing her whispered legends.

But as journeys often remind us, the path to the destination is rarely smooth. The first trial came swiftly — we were met with the news that floods had washed away the only road connecting Chitral to Booni, our planned stopover. No vehicle could pass. It was the first taste of the cursed road’s wrath.

The washed away road connecting Chitral to Booni



We stayed in Chitral that evening, the rugged mountains casting shadows over our doubts. But soon enough, we gave in to our collective curiosity, leading us to take on the broken road. In the darkness, we could barely make out the damage, but locals crossing on foot sparked a flicker of hope. With relatively diminished optimism we rested, knowing the real trek had only just begun.
A tea-filled respite

Morning brought renewed energy as we packed, ate, and set off for the first washed-out patch of the road. Thanks to Akmal’s local ties, we reached the edge of the broken path and crossed it on foot, leaving our gear behind. But when we learned that there were no porters available, some of us trudged back to carry our luggage, food, sleeping bags and stoves.

From there, we squeezed onto two jeeps, only to repeat the cycle: cross another damaged patch, switch vehicles, and push on. By the time we reached Booni, we discovered yet another obstacle — the bridge to Mastuj had been swept away by the river. So, Booni became our unexpected base for the night, and what a tea-filled respite it was! Between Akmal’s friends, roadside dhabas, and his family’s hospitality, we must have had tea six times that day.

The vast green plains of Qaqlasht meadows



The highlight, however, was a spontaneous visit to the Qaqlasht meadows, vast green plains perched above the town. Though not in full bloom, the meadows were bathed in golden sunset light, their silence punctuated by a gentle breeze.
‘The Curse’ continues

We woke up refreshed, only to be greeted by yet another setback — the single road’s blockage had caused a diesel shortage in Booni. Unfazed, we moved on, pinning our hopes on Akmal’s ever-handy connections.

On the way to Mastuj



At Mastuj, the van was left behind as we crossed the town’s damaged bridge on foot. Two jeeps awaited us — one a larger vehicle for most of the group, while Aisha, Usman, (fellow trekkers) and I squeezed into a Suzuki Jimny. This intimate ride turned out to be memorable as we bonded over Punjab University (our shared alma mater), debated the absurdity of building a DHA in the mountains, and exchanged hearty Punjabi juggats.

Our next stop was the avalanche-hit village of Brep, where tragedy had swept away homes. At a desolate petrol station, Ali bhai entertained himself by trying — and failing — to ignite a fuel tank with a matchstick. His antics were interrupted by the arrival of the second jeep, which brought fresh diesel courtesy of, you guessed it, Akmal’s father’s wide-reaching connections.

Rest house at Brep

Onward we went, navigating through a kilometres-wide avalanche of mud, where we spotted a dog casually strolling across the expanse. Usman and I joked that he was probably off to meet his in-laws, though I often wonder if he ever made it.

By night, we reached Bang, a quiet village where our journey paused but tensions escalated. For the first time, Akmal dropped his usual playful demeanour and gave us “the talk”. His rare seriousness hinted at the trials that lay ahead.
‘The talk’

After dinner, we gathered in a single room where Akmal and the guesthouse owner prepared us for the hardest stretch of our journey yet. Their 45-minute briefing was equal parts warning and encouragement. A 12-kilometre road had been completely swallowed by the river, leaving only a narrow, precarious trek high above its original path. Locals took six hours to cross it; for us, it could take double. Encouraging, right? However, they assured us we could do it — there was no turning back now.

Morning brought no reprieve as our jeep journey ended abruptly after just an hour. The road had literally disappeared, another victim of relentless rains. The theme of this trek seemed to be ‘washed-away roads’. Undeterred, we grabbed our bags and trekking sticks, and so began the trek.

Our spirits lifted briefly as we reached a picturesque village nestled in the mountains. There, a local porter — joining us on the journey to Karomber — welcomed us into his home for a short rest. In that serene moment, embraced by rustic charm, we paused to catch our breath, certain that no matter how daunting the path ahead, it was going to be worth it.
Out of syllabus 17-kilometer long trek

The locals once again warned us about the treacherous trek ahead, but then, a blessing arrived. A villager, curious about our journey to Karomber Lake, revealed an alternative — a wooden bridge in his village that led to a gentler route. Though five kilometres longer, it promised a less gruelling journey.

Built by two brothers who lived on either side of the river, the bridge was a marvel of local ingenuity. After much debate, most of us chose the longer path, leaving a few other trekkers — Akmal, Saleema, and Arooba to brave the original route with the porters. We crossed the bridge and began our 17-kilometre trek. Local guides led us through the rugged mountains and the tranquil village of Zhuppu.

We treaded through the path, which seemed endless, under the scorching sun. Just when fatigue began to creep in, a stroke of luck arrived — locals offered us a ride in the open back of their four-wheeler. As we bounced along, they showed us a centuries-old defence point, where Chitralis had once fought against Tajikistan, a massive stone wall connecting two mountains.

After the ride, the trek resumed, leading us to our first glacial water crossing. The coldness of the water sent a shock through my body — a sensation so frigid that my feet still long for warmth at the mere thought of it. But we pressed on, walking for hours until we reached a village where we were supposed to catch another jeep.

But, as always, the curse of the journey proved faithful, sticking to us like an unwanted companion. No jeep awaited us.

When we reached the village, we had to walk another 4–5km because the only jeep bridge had been destroyed, and another was barely holding on, making it impossible for the vehicle to reach us. So, we walked again, until we reached a pasture with lush green grass and a calm, inviting stream. There, we dipped our aching feet into the icy waters, letting it soothe our exhaustion as we waited for the rest of the group.

When they finally arrived, we didn’t dare to hope for an end to the walking. And rightly so — another 20 minutes on foot brought us to where the jeep was parked. Ah, the joy of finally sitting down in a vehicle was indescribable.

Rest house in Lasht



Packed into the jeep, the journey resumed — though it felt like it had never truly paused. By nightfall, we reached a small guesthouse in Lasht, where we settled in for the night. An amusing highlight of the evening was when we discovered the local knock-offs — “Soober” biscuits and “String” energy drinks — bringing a smile to our weary faces as the day drew to a close.

The path-making

The next day, Akmal dropped another “exciting” update: our last roadblock was near a village called Kishmanja, where the jeep trek had merged with the river. The path was damaged at three points, with one section so eroded it left a gaping hole. Our jeep driver took one look, sat down, and calmly announced, “I’m not driving here. If you want, take the jeep and drive yourselves.”

Negotiations ensued, and after much pleading — and a promise to help repair the road — he reluctantly agreed. We sprang into action, collecting stones, widening the track, and filling gravel. An hour later, progress was negligible; we were nowhere near mending that patch.

Left: Mending the road in Kishmanja. Right: Glacial stream in Kishmanja

Akmal sent the jeep helper to find labourers from a nearby village, and, in a fateful twist, they recognised Akmal’s father from previous road projects. As they worked, some of us headed to a Chitral Scouts check post, hoping for tea and distracting ourselves from looming failure.

Hours dragged on. Dejected, we returned to find no improvement — the jeep couldn’t cross. Exhaustion and despair set in. For the first time, I truly believed the journey was over; the curse seemed unbreakable.

Then, after nearly five hours, Akmal and Moeen appeared with the driver and a senior officer, beaming with news: the jeep had made it across. For a moment, everything felt right. That tiny victory, after all the struggle, was pure happiness.

All the way to Lashkargaz

Packed into the jeep, we navigated a rugged jeep trek, barely a road at all. As we approached the Darkhot Glacier lying silently among towering peaks with hushed water flowing beneath it, its once-mighty form now scarred by human impact.

Darkhot glacier



Most importantly, we had finally entered the glorious Broghil valley, home of yaks and untouched beauty, ‘only’ 250 kilometres from Chitral. By afternoon, we reached Ishkarwaz, the last checkpoint before crossing into the Wakhan Corridor, a realm bordering Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Here, the Wakhi people live as their ancestors did, their lives unchanged by time.

Stepping into the valley with its 34 lakes (named and unnamed), glaciers, and wildflower meadows felt like being transported into another world. To enter is to be granted an audience with Her Highness Karomber, a rare privilege for only the most determined travellers.

Finally, we made it to Laskhkargaz, our first-night stay in camps, where the mountains saw you silently, observing you as the breeze passed through their snow-covered peaks, and the roof there was made of stars. Laughter and stories filled the air as anticipation for the lake grew. Under the vastness of the Milky Way, we felt infinitesimal, yet deeply connected to the universe.

Camping at Lashkargaz



Above all, we were standing at the gates of Her Highness’ palace, where the vast, verdant expanse of the Broghil valley granted us entry into her inner courts. Here, she has rested for centuries, patiently awaiting the wanderers. In her presence, she shares her stories, listens to theirs, whispers the ancient legends of her land, and personally welcomes you — one of the few fortunate souls chosen to stand in her royal company.
Walk to the abode

We began the trek the next day with content hearts and eager feet, leaving Lashkargaz in small groups. First were Waleed, Nawaz Bhai, Usman, and Ali, followed by Aisha, Abdullah, Sadia, and I. Moeen led the porters, and Akmal, Saleema, and Arooba were last. We moved like minnows among giants, walking the ancient paths once tread by daring ancestors. Passing through quiet villages, we were greeted by warm smiles and the unspoken hospitality of the valley’s people.

Leaving Broghil valley



The first group, led by Waleed, set a fast pace, and in our attempt to catch up, we took a wrong turn. A shout echoed from above — it was Moeen, guiding us back on track. We ascended, breathless but determined, and soon rejoined the group. After crossing the first glacial waterfall of the day, we took some rest. We continued strolling in a bit, making little conversations; someone put songs on their phone, and the music perfectly complimented the breeze of the valley, while the river sparkled like scattered diamonds.

Karomber’s presence loomed in the distance, a snow-covered peak where she rested. The Yaks grazed nearby, seemingly indifferent to our passage. As the sun dipped, so did our energy. Our feet started protesting, and the mind questioned the purpose of it all. But the heart, drawn by the call of royalty, urged us onward. So, we pulled up our socks and pushed forward, pausing occasionally to rest on the lush green pastures, feeling the breathing rhythm of the valley.
The first glimpse

By then, the peak of the mountain loomed above the lake, and you could almost taste the promise of sitting by those blue waters. Yet, with every step, it seemed further away. Mound after mound rose, each ascent filled with hope, each descent sinking you into despair. The body was tired, each footstep heavier than the last.

Then came the marshes, soft underfoot, followed by another fleeting glimpse — only to reveal a small, black lake. Those 45 minutes stretched into eternity, the minutes blurred into hours, the narrow path seemed endless, and the trek felt like it would never end. But still, you walked on.

And then, finally, the first true sight of her — the princess. Her blue waters, so still, seemed to capture the very sky above, as clouds drifted over her silent waves. The mighty guard stood tall, silent, as a small glacier peeked through her crown. Flowers danced in the breeze, the grass greener than ever. There she was — vast, tranquil, with waves gently kissing the shore as they had for eons. In that moment, you understood the legends that had been passed down through generations.

First glimpse of the Karomber Lake



You understood the curse — the journey had to be arduous, for royalty is never meant for the common, and meeting her too easily would have cheapened the experience.

As you reached the final mound, you crested it and froze. There she was, the princess in all her glory. No sound, no voice, just the gentle wind welcoming you. Time stood still; you were in a realm beyond the boundaries of time. A minute could have passed, but it felt like thousands of years. You stood alone with her, in a place untouched by the notions of right or wrong. You met her in the stillness, where nothing else mattered.
The conversation

I stood there, overwhelmed and silent, like how a traveller who had finally reached their destination after a lifetime of wandering would. Slowly, I stepped into her court. Her waves, gentle yet powerful, lapped at the shore as though welcoming me to her kingdom.

We spoke without words. She whispered the tales of her ancient past, the myths of her origin, the secrets hidden in her depths, the untold poems, the folklores of the natives, the flocks that flew over her, the first wanderer who saw her millennials ago.

In return, I shared my journey — years of dreaming, a second attempt, the curses overcome. But none of that mattered now. In her presence, my burdens lifted, my heart lightened, and my soul found peace. We sat together in a conversation beyond words and time. Those twenty minutes were a universe unto themselves — a life fully lived.

The picturesque Karomber Lake



That night, we slept beside her under a sky ablaze with stars. By morning, the weather had turned sombre, as if mourning our impending departure. Clouds gathered, and a light drizzle kissed the earth as we packed our camps. Her waves, now grey and solemn, seemed to echo our goodbyes.

With a final glance from the last mound, we left. Our laughter, our songs, and our stories now belong to her winds, woven into her lore. Karomber will whisper our tale to the next dreamers who dare to seek her, and our memory will linger in her court for eternity…

Till we trek again!

Header Image: Karomber Lake

Note: All photos in the article are provided by the author.

FO rejects US stance on Pakistan missiles

DAWN
The Newspaper's Staff Reporter 

December 22, 2024 

ISLAMABAD: The Foreign Office on Saturday strongly rejected the United States’ criticism of Pakistan’s long-range ballistic missile programme, calling it irrational and devoid of historical context as it vowed to continue developing its missile capabilities in line with its credible minimum deterrence strategy, emphasising their necessity in the face of evolving threats from India.

“The alleged threat perception from Pakistan’s missile capabilities and delivery means, raised by the US official, are unfortunate,” said FO spokesperson Mumtaz Zahra Baloch. “These allegations are unfounded, devoid of rationality and sense of history.”

The spokesperson was commenting on US Deputy National Security Adviser Jon Finer’s remarks, delivered at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, in which he accused Pakis­tan of developing long-range ballistic missiles capable of striking targets beyond South Asia, including the US. “It’s hard for us to see Pakistan’s actions as anything other than an emerging threat to the United States,” he said, citing increasingly sophisticated missile technology and development of larger rocket motors.

The spokesperson reiterated that Pakistan’s strategic programme is solely designed to preserve peace and stability in South Asia. “Pakistan’s strategic capabilities are meant to defend its sovereignty. We cannot abdicate our right to develop capabilities commensurate with the need to maintain credible minimum deterrence and address evolving threats,” she added.

Allegations termed ‘unfounded, devoid of rationality and sense of history’

Ms Baloch highlighted the exte­nsive dialogue between Pakistan and the US on this issue, noting efforts to address Washington’s concerns. “Since 2012 when the US officials started broaching the subject, different Pakistani governments, leadership and officials, have endeavoured from time to time, to positively address and remove the misplaced US concerns,” she said. “Pakistan has also made it abundantly clear that our strategic programme and allied capabilities are solely meant to deter and thwart a clear and visible existential threat from our neighbourhood and should not be perceived as a threat to any other country,” she said, referring to the dialogue between the two countries on the issue in recent years.

She strongly criticised attempts to question Pakistan’s intent, warning that any intrusion into its strategic programme was neither acceptable nor possible. “There is unshakeable resolve and complete consensus on this aspect across the entire political and social spectrum of the country.”

The spokesperson lamented that Pakistan was being unfairly bracketed with adversarial nations. “It is regrettable that the US official alluded to bracketing Pakistan with those who are perceived to be in an adversarial relationship with the US,” she said, in a veiled reference to comparisons with Russia, China, and North Korea. “Any irrational assumption of a hostile intent from Pakistan by any other country including the US is perplexing as well as illogical.”

Ms Baloch also underscored the longstanding cooperative relationship between Pakistan and the US, cautioning that recent allegations could damage bilateral ties. “Since 1954, Pakistan and the US have enjoyed a positive and broad-ranging relationship.

The recent spate of US allegations towards a major non-Nato ally would be unhelpful for the overall relationship, especially in the absence of any evidence in this regard,“ she said.

“Pakistan has never had any ill-intention towards the US in any form or manner, and this fundamental reality has not changed,” she asserted The FO spokesperson pointed to the sacrifices Pakistan has made for the bilateral relationship, particularly in counterterrorism efforts and addressing regional instability. “On the contrary, Pakistan has made monumental sacrifices for this relationship and continues to suffer hugely in sustaining the onslaught of the aftermath of US policies in the region,” she explained.

At India’s behest

Pakistan expressed concerns that the criticism was influenced by India’s interests, further destabilising regional security.

“While ignoring and shielding the manifestations of a much more potent missile capability in our eastern neighbourhood, concerns on Pakistani capabilities are being raised seemingly at the behest of others to further accentuate the already fragile strategic stability in the region,” the spokesperson said.

The Biden administration has implemented four rounds of sanctions since October 2023 targeting entities linked to Pakistan’s missile programme, including the state-run National Development Complex. The FO decried these actions as unjustified and detrimental to regional peace.

Pakistan reaffirmed its commitment to constructive engagement with the US on security and stability issues. “We have a long history of cooperation and wish to build on this strong legacy,” she maintained.

Published in Dawn, December 22nd, 2024


Strange claim

DAWN

Editorial 

 December 21, 2024 


THOUGH Pakistan-US relations have rarely been straightforward, a sensational claim by an American official, and US sanctions targeted at Pakistani public and private entities, have thrown up several questions about the relationship’s future.

Speaking at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, US Deputy National Security Adviser Jon Finer claimed that Pakistan’s ballistic missile technology posed an “emerging threat to the United States” and that one day Pakistani projectiles could strike targets in America. The controversial comments came after the US had sanctioned the National Development Complex, responsible for the country’s missile programme, as well as three Karachi-based firms. The Foreign Office termed the sanctions “discriminatory” and said such moves had “dangerous implications”.

No responsible Pakistani official has ever threatened to lob missiles at the US. Moreover, there have been no credible reports, or even suggestions, that Pakistan has built or tested such long-range projectiles capable of hitting US shores. Besides, allies do not sanction allies, and such strong allegations are not made public against friendly states. It is also strange why an official of a lame-duck administration would make such sensitive claims in the midst of a political transition.

Some analysts have said it is possible that Mr Finer was singing from the Indian hymn sheet; after all, the US has transferred advanced weapons technology to New Delhi, yet it feels ‘threatened’ by Pakistan’s missiles. Instead of making such outlandish remarks at a public forum, the Americans should have used discreet diplomatic channels to communicate their concerns.

The aforementioned developments do not inspire confidence about the future of Pakistan-US ties. As team Trump arrives in the White House in a few weeks’ time, it is unlikely Pakistan will be high on its list of priorities, with the Ukraine and Middle East conflicts, as well as China, likely to top Donald Trump’s foreign policy agenda. Moreover, considering Mr Trump’s mercurial nature, and depending on who has his ear, it is difficult to predict what his attitude towards Pakistan will be. In all likelihood, Pakistan and the US will continue to be ‘frenemies’, cooperating where necessary, but differing widely on key strategic matters.

Islamabad should, of course, attempt to maintain cordial ties with Washington, but must be ready for more claims such as the one made by Mr Finer. This is especially true if the US pivots completely towards India, and continues to prop up our eastern neighbour as a counterweight to China. Though talk of maintaining neutrality is great, if the US decides to openly take on China — which the American establishment has dubbed the greatest threat to its global hegemony — Pakistan’s policymakers will have to make some very tough choices. Though Pakistan should not seek to join any geopolitical blocs, policy must be guided by national interest.

Published in Dawn, December 21st, 2024

Likely cause of US missile claim

Abbas Nasir 

December 22, 2024 

DAWN

The writer is a former editor of Dawn.

WHILE the US policy has remained focused on enabling the creation of a Greater Israel via Gaza genocide, expansion of Zionist settlements in the West Bank and the grabbing of more and more parts of Syria by the Zionist state after the fall of the Assad regime, it is floundering elsewhere as was evident from claims coming from Washington, D.C. this week.

The US, Israel and their OIC member-allies in the region have caused setbacks to another OIC member Iran and the Axis of Resistance it leads by neutralising its most potent arm, Lebanon’s Hezbollah movement, by direct attacks and also by toppling the Syrian regime and severing the movement’s supply routes. Israel’s land grab in Syria also gives it commanding heights including Mount Hermon over south Lebanon to its west, the Hezbollah stronghold, as well as over Damascus towards the east.

But, in its final five weeks in office, a bizarre claim has been made by a top US security official about US concerns regarding Pakistan’s ballistic missile programme. This claim coincided with the announcement of US sanctions on a Pakistani state entity and three Pakistani Chinese firms.

In remarks made at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, US Deputy National Security Adviser Jon Finer said it was hard for the US to see Pakistan’s actions as anything other than an emerging threat to America.

The bizarre claim regarding Pakistan’s missile programme could well be to appease India.

“Pakistan has developed increasingly sophisticated missile technology, from long-range ballistic missile systems to equipment that would enable the testing of significantly larger rocket mot­ors,” he said, adding: “If those trends continue, Pakis­tan will have the capability to strike targets well beyond South Asia, including the United States.”

Any analyst in his right mind would pour scorn over this claim. Pakistan is nowhere in direct confrontation with the US anywhere in the world and why in the world would it wish to acquire ballistic missile capability to target the US, a superpower?

Pakistan’s entire national security doctrine is based on the Indian threat which, given the conflicts in 1948, 1965, 1971 and the Kargil flare-up, is a legitimate concern.

So, what is really behind such claims and the third or fourth set of sanctions over a short span of time (read Baqir Sajjad’s excellent situationer in yesterday’s edition of this paper for details) on Pakistan’s development of delivery systems?

My first thought was that when the US official referred to the potential capability to target the US it may have been a roundabout way of saying that perhaps Israel could come under threat. I quickly dismissed this notion. This, because Pak­istan has never done anything more than offer ‘moral and diplomatic’ support to the Palestinian cause and at this point in time, it isn’t in a position to take a tougher line against the Gaza genocide in terms of support beyond diplomatic fora.

The horror of babies and children being murdered, maimed and crippled through multiple amputations in a brutal indiscriminate bombardment because Israelis believe there are no ‘innocents’ in Gaza, including children, is on the one hand, and Pakistan’s economic state on the other.

That crippling reality makes it impossible for Pakistan do anything, even if its civil and military ruling elite may have wanted to come to the Palestinians’ aid. It stays afloat on handouts from US-controlled IFIs and cash-rich US allies in the region. One false move and the tap from which the dollars drip (unlike the free flow of the past) will be turned off.

Therefore, one was forced to look elsewhere and one plausible reason came via The Friday Times’ founder and former editor Najam Sethi, who pointed to the broader canvas.

India enjoys a special status with the US as evident from the fact that it can freely import sanctioned Iranian (and even Russian) oil at much cheaper rates without drawing international (read: US) opprobrium, even as countries like Pakistan are sinking under the cost of their oil import bill but can’t look towards Iranian oil and petroleum products for the fear of incurring Washington’s wrath.

Delhi is thus pampered not only because of the size of its market — over 1.4 billion people with a middle class component of more than 400 million — but also due to its location and physical size. It is seen as a counter to Chinese power in the reg­ion. India’s membership of the so-called Quad­rilateral Security dialogue alongside the US, Japan and Australia was meant to curb China’s economic and military primacy in the region.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union 33 years ago, it was expected that US imperialism would remain unchallenged in a unipolar world. Since then, China has made rapid advances as an economic and military power. This has posed a challenge to US ambitions around the globe.

The formation of the BRICs alliance is another major challenge and irritant. After the Kazan (Russia) summit of the grouping in October this year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed to disengage their troops on their disputed border. By Nov 6, the two countries had completed the process.

Apart from that improvement in China-India relations that will boost trade ties between the two, there was also talk at BRICS of setting up an alternative payment system for international deals to obviate secondary sanctions imposed on Russia, for example.

President-elect Donald Trump has already warned BRICS against the development of any alternative payment system/ currency undermining the greenback and threatened to impose 100 per cent tariffs on the nine-nation bloc many more are keen to join, if it happened.

The bizarre claim regarding Pakistan’s missile programme could well be to appease India and keep it onside to use it as a bulwark against China whether that is likely or not. India does see Islam­abad’s nuclear and missile programme as a major obstacle to its domination of the region and often sounds like a cry-baby when raising this issue.

abbas.nasir@hotmail.com
Published in Dawn, December 22nd, 2024

PAKISTAN

Media strangulation

DAWN
Editorial 

December 21, 2024 

AEMEND, in a recent statement, has only now drawn attention to the reality that has plagued Pakistani media for a while: financial warfare through advertising boycotts. The electronic media body’s executive committee meeting highlighted that “every possible tactic” is being deployed to suppress dissent, with pressure on TV channels aimed at exerting maximum control over the media. Pemra’s role as a mere rubber stamp, issuing illegal notices daily to bring the channels under pressure, exemplifies this systematic oppression.

It is perhaps the most insidious form of censorship witnessed and is proving devastatingly effective in silencing critical voices. News organisations maintaining editorial independence find themselves suddenly stripped of crucial government advertising revenue — their financial lifeline in a challenging media market.

Even more troubling are reports that provincial governments willing to place advertisements in these outlets are being prevented from doing so through establishment pressure, revealing a coordinated campaign to bring independent media to heel. These tactics accompany an already suffocating environment of legal harassment and arbitrary internet disruptions that hobble news gathering and dissemination. As AEMEND notes, this “one-sided portrayal of the situation is severely damaging the credibility of the media”. The recently strengthened Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act has become another tool in the arsenal against journalists, who face spurious cases designed to intimidate.

The collective impact is clear: a systematic dismantling of media freedom through death by a thousand cuts. When news organisations must choose between editorial integrity and financial survival, democracy itself is imperilled. The government’s responsibility to foster a free press environment is a constitutional obligation that directly impacts the health of our democracy. AEMEND’s initiative to unite with other media bodies including PFUJ, APNS, CPNE, and PBA signals a welcome recognition that the industry must present a united front against these pressures.

However, the onus lies on Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s government to halt this slide towards media capture. The establishment must understand that a pliant press serves neither democracy nor the national interest. Our journey towards democratic consolidation demands robust public discourse and fearless journalism. The administration must decide whether it wishes to be remembered as an enabler of press freedom or its executioner. The choice, and its place in history, lies entirely in its hands.

Published in Dawn, December 21st, 2024

Chinese ship linked to severed Baltic Sea cables sets sail


By AFP
December 21, 2024

The Yi Peng 3 has remained anchored in the international waters of the Kattegat strait between Sweden and Denmark since November 19 - Copyright Ritzau Scanpix/AFP/File Mikkel Berg Pedersen
Johannes LEDEL

A Chinese ship linked to the recent severing of two undersea cables and anchored off Denmark’s coast since November 19, departed Saturday, Sweden’s coast guard said.

Sections of two telecom cables were cut on November 17 and 18 in Swedish territorial waters of the Baltic Sea.

Suspicions have been directed at a Chinese ship — the Yi Peng 3 — which according to ship tracking sites had sailed over the cables around the time they were cut.

The Yi Peng 3 had been anchored in the international waters of the Kattegat strait between Sweden and Denmark.

Ship tracking site Vesselfinder showed the Yi-Peng 3 steaming north out of the strait on Saturday and Sweden’s coast guard confirmed that the vessel had lifted anchor.

“She has reported that she is heading for Egypt and Port Said,” Hanna Buhler, duty officer at the Swedish Coast Guard told AFP, adding that they would continue to monitor the ship.

On Thursday, authorities from Sweden, Germany and Finland were invited aboard for an investigation led by China.

A Danish representative also accompanied the group as Denmark had served a “facilitating role” by hosting meetings between the countries at the Danish foreign ministry earlier in the week, Danish Foreign Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen had said.

– ‘Observer role’ –

“It is our expectation that once the inspection is completed by this group of people from the four countries, the ship will be able to sail to its destination,” Rasmussen said.

Swedish police on Thursday confirmed that they were going onboard the ship as observers.

“Representatives of the Chinese authorities are conducting investigations aboard the vessel and have invited the Swedish authorities to take part in an observer role,” police said adding it would not be taking any “investigative measures”.

The Swedish Accident Investigation Authority (SHK) also took part in the visit, but noted that as the ship was “anchored in international waters”, where “Swedish authorities are not able to exercise jurisdiction over a foreign vessel”.

John Ahlberk, director of SHK, told AFP on Thursday that they were hoping to gather “as much information as possible”.

“There have been claims that the cable breakage has to do with anchors from the ship. So it is interesting for us to hear what the crew has to say about it,” he said.

Ahlberk noted that it was not clear to what extent they would be able to speak to the crew or conduct their own investigations since the investigation was led by Chinese authorities aboard a Chinese ship.

European officials have said they suspect sabotage linked to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

The Kremlin has rejected the comments as “absurd” and “laughable”.

– No accusation –

Sweden in late November requested China’s cooperation in the investigation, but Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson stressed that there was no “accusation” of any sort.

Early on November 17, the Arelion cable running from the Swedish island of Gotland to Lithuania was damaged.

The next day, the C-Lion 1 submarine cable connecting Helsinki and the German port of Rostock was cut south of Sweden’s Oland island, around 700 kilometres (435 miles) from Helsinki.

Tensions have mounted around the Baltic Sea since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

In September 2022, a series of underwater blasts ruptured the Nord Stream pipelines that carried Russian gas to Europe, the cause of which has yet to be determined.

In October 2023, an undersea gas pipeline between Finland and Estonia was shut down after it was damaged by the anchor of a Chinese cargo ship.

Drone attack hits Russian city 1,000km from Ukraine frontier

NOT AN ICBM

By AFP
December 21, 2024


Russian firefighters tackled blazes in the city of Kazan after a drone attack blamed on Ukraine - Copyright AFP/File Farooq NAEEM

Kyiv on Saturday staged a major drone attack on the Russian city of Kazan, 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) from the frontier, as Moscow’s troops captured a new frontline village in eastern Ukraine.

The drones damaged buildings in Kazan, capital of the Tartarstan republic, with a population of more than 1.3 million, but there were no victims, local officials said.

Kazan City hall said some fires had started and were being tackled by the fire brigade.

The city’s airport was temporarily closed, the Russian civilian aviation authority, Rosaviatsia, said.

Some residents were evacuated, but authorities did not give figures. Authorities said that all major public events in Tartarstan had been cancelled as a precaution.

Videos on Russian social media networks showed drones hitting high rise buildings setting off fireballs.

AFP could not immediately verify the authenticity of the images.

Ukraine, which has staged regular attacks on targets inside Russia since the start of full scale military offensive in February 22, did not immediately comment.

“Today Kazan suffered a massive drone attack,” Rustam Minnikhanov, the Tartarstan republic leader, said in a post on Telegram.

“While before industrial enterprises were attacked, now the enemy attacks civilians in the morning,” he added.

Minnikhanov’s press service said at least eight drones had been detected.

Russia’s defence ministry accused Ukraine of targeting “civilian infrastructure” in Kazan. It said six drones had been neutralised or destroyed but did not say how many had been involved.

The ministry said the Russian army had captured a new village near the key city of Kurakhove in eastern Ukraine where Russian forces have made major advances in recent months.

Russian troops had “liberated” the village of Kostiantynopolske, just eight kilometers (five miles) from Kurakhove, an industrial town that is a looming Russian target, a statement said.

Russia on Friday staged strikes on the Ukraine capital, Kyiv, that left one dead and 13 wounded, according to the city’s authorities.

Another five people were killed in a Ukrainian attack on the Russian frontier region of Kursk, the local governor said.

Russia’s security service said meanwhile that a man had been sentenced to 19 years in jail for sending information to US intelligence services about the Russian military,

The unidentified man, who was born in 1993, was found guilt of “high treason” and other charges, the FSB agency said.

The inquiry “confirmed that he had established a confidential cooperation relationship with representatives of the US intelligence services,” the agency said.

The man was accused of sending information about the identity and other personal details on Russian soldiers. He was arrested in January 2023.

A regional court at Orenburg in the Urals ordered the jail term and sent the man to a “strict regime” penal colony, the FSB said.

It released images of the man surrounded by agents and in court.

Russian courts have ordered multiple heavy jail terms for treason, terrorism and sabotage since the start of the military offensive.

Albania announces shutdown of TikTok for at least a year


By AFP
December 21, 2024


TikTok's huge global success has been partly built on the success of its controversial 'challenges' - Copyright AFP 

Lou BENOIST

Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama said Saturday the government would shut down social network TikTok for at least a year from 2025.

“We are going to chase this thug out of our neighbourhood for one year”, Rama told a meeting with Albanian teachers, parents and psychologists in Tirana.

The government would launch programmes to “serve the education of students and help parents follow their children’s journey”, he added.

The blocking of the controversial social network comes less than a month after a 14-year-old student was killed and another injured in a fight near a school in Tirana.

The fight had developed from an online confrontation on social media.

The killing sparked a debate in the country among parents, psychologists and educational institutions about the impact of social networks on young people.

“In China, TikTok promotes how students can take courses, how to protect nature, how to keep traditions,” said Rama.

“But on the TikTok outside China we see only scum and mud. Why do we need this?”

Several countries have begun debating measures against TikTok, part of a wider debate on the influence of social media on vulnerable groups, such as children and adolescents.

“The problem is not the children but our entire society,” Rama argued.

– TikTok’s controversial ‘challenges’ –

TikTok’s huge global success has been partly built on the appeal of its “challenges” — an interactive call that invites users to create videos featuring dances, jokes or games that sometimes go viral.

The platform attracts young people with a never-ending scroll of ultra-brief videos. It has more than one billion active users worldwide.

Neighbouring countries such as Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia have also reported a negative impact of the platform, especially on the youth.

At least 22 cases of self-harm among girls from different schools in Kosovo southwestern city of Gjakova reported two months ago were blamed on a TikTok challenge.

Two weeks ago, local media in North Macedonia reported that hospital there had treated dozen of teenagers for injuries sustained after attempting the “Superman” TikTok challenge.

It involves one child leaping on to the linked arms of a few others.

And in Serbia, in the southwestern city of Novi Pazar there were reports that children in several high schools had taken part in a “choking” challenge.

A search for this on TikTok now produces a warning message from the platform that some challenges can be dangerous, and links to a short guide on how to spot them.

TikTok has faced accusations of espionage in the United States, and is under investigation by the European Union over claims it was used to sway Romania’s presidential election in favour of a far-right candidate.

The platform also has been banned for use by personnel in state institutions in several countries.

AFP, among more than a dozen other fact-checking organisations, is paid by TikTok in several countries to verify videos that potentially contain false information.