Wednesday, January 08, 2020

ALL THE NEWS THAT FITS --- ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS NETWORK 

2000-year-old measuring table-top discovered in Jerusalem

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
The top of a rare 2000-year-old measuring table used for liquid items such as wine and olive oil has been discovered in what appears to be a major town square along the Pilgrimage Road in Jerusalem, during excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority in the City of David National Park. The top part of the measuring table [Credit: Ari Levi, Israel Antiquities Authority]In addition to the measuring table, tens of stone... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Over-hunting walruses contributed to the collapse of Norse Greenland, study suggests

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
The mysterious disappearance of Greenland's Norse colonies sometime in the 15th century may have been down to the overexploitation of walrus populations for their tusks, according to a study of medieval artefacts from across Europe. Church ruins from Norse Greenland's Eastern Settlement [Credit: James H. Barrett]Founded by Erik the Red around 985AD after his exile from Iceland (or so the Sagas tell us), Norse communities in Greenland... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Egypt's plan to move Karnak temple statues causes a stir

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
For almost 3,000 years, dozens of sphinx-like statues with the body of a lion and the head of a ram have lived in the shadow of the majestic temple of Karnak in the ancient city of Luxor in southern Egypt. The sphinx-like statues with ram's heads and lion's bodies at the Karnak Temple Complex in Luxor, Egypt [Credit: Getty Images]Now four of the statues have been summoned to Cairo, Egypt’s modern-day capital 500 kilometres to... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Wildlife ravaged by Australia fires could take decades to recover

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
The bushfires raging across Australia have had a devastating impact on the country's unique flora and fauna, with some estimates putting the death toll at nearly half a billion animals in one state alone, and experts believe it could take decades for wildlife to recover. A kangaroo rushes past a burning house amid apocalyptic scenes in Conjola, New South Wales [Credit: Matthew Abbott/New York Times/Redux/eyevine]Unprecedented... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Scientists pin down timing of lunar dynamo's demise

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
A conventional compass would be of little use on the moon, which today lacks a global magnetic field. But the moon did produce a magnetic field billions of years ago, and it was likely even stronger than the Earth’s field today. Scientists believe that this lunar field, like Earth’s, was generated by a powerful dynamo — the churning of the moon’s core. At some point, this dynamo, and the magnetic field it generated, petered out. A new... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Scientists find evidence that Venus has active volcanoes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
New research led by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and published in Science Advances shows that lava flows on Venus may be only a few years old, suggesting that Venus could be volcanically active today—making it the only planet in our solar system, other than Earth, with recent eruptions. This figure shows the volcanic peak Idunn Mons (at 46 degrees south latitude, 214.5 degrees east longitude) in the Imdr Regio area... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Climate change and deforestation could decimate Madagascar's rainforest habitat by 2070

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
A study in Nature Climate Change has found that, left unchecked, the combined effects of deforestation and human-induced climate change could eliminate Madagascar's entire eastern rainforest habitat by 2070, impacting thousands of plants, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians that are endemic to the island nation. However, the study's authors also found that protected areas will help to mitigate this devastation while environmentalists... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Gigantic ring of hydrogen gas discovered around a distant galaxy

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
A team of astronomers at the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) in Pune, India have discovered a mysterious ring of hydrogen gas around a distant galaxy, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The ring is much bigger than the galaxy it surrounds and has a diameter of about 380,000 light-years (about 4 times that of our Milky Way). The optical image from the CFHT telescope with the distribution of neutral hydrogen... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

New study estimates the global extent of river ice loss as Earth warms

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
More than half of Earth's rivers freeze over every year. These frozen rivers support important transportation networks for communities and industries located at high latitudes. Ice cover also regulates the amount of greenhouse gasses released from rivers into Earth's atmosphere. Ice cover on the Yukon River approaching its confluence with the Tanana River in Alaska [Credit: Landsat imagery/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center & U.S.... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

eDNA expands species surveys to capture a more complete picture

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
Tiny bits of DNA collected from waters off the West Coast allowed scientists to identify more species of marine vertebrates than traditional surveys with trawl nets. They also reflect environmental shifts such as unusual ocean temperatures that affect the organisms present, new research shows. Scientists lower a set of sampling bottles into the ocean off the West Coast, collecting water to examine for traces of DNA [Credit: Collin... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Hubble views a galaxy with an active centre

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
This swirling mass of celestial gas, dust and stars is a moderately luminous spiral galaxy named ESO 021-G004, located just under 130 million light-years away. Spiral Galaxy ESO 021-G004 [Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Rosario et al.]This galaxy has something known as an active galactic nucleus. While this phrase sounds complex, this simply means that astronomers measure a lot of radiation at all wavelengths coming from the center... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Giant magnetic ropes seen in Whale Galaxy's halo

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
Using the National Science Foundation's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio telescope, a team of astronomers has captured for the first time an image of large-scale, coherent, magnetic fields in the halo of a faraway spiral galaxy, confirming theoretical modeling of how galaxies generate magnetic fields and potentially increasing knowledge of how galaxies form and evolve. Composite image of the galaxy NGC 4631, the "Whale Galaxy,"... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Wind conditions influence water circulation and CO2 concentrations in the Southern Ocean

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 1 day ago
The sea encircling Antarctica acts as a huge mixer for water from all the ocean basins - and this circulating pattern influences the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the ocean and the atmosphere. A study by an international team of researchers, led by Dr. Torben Struve from the University of Oldenburg's Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), has now established that this complex equilibrium of... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Swords and spears of long-forgotten warrior tribe found in medieval cemetery

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
Archaeologists have discovered rare swords, spears and knives among hundreds of items belonging to a long-disappeared people famed for their warrior culture in the Suwałki region of eastern Poland. Some of the ancient weapons unearthed from the site of the cemetery [Credit: Jakub Mikołajczuk/Muzeum Okręgowe w Suwałkach]The weapons were among 500 items dating back around 1,000 years dug up on the site of a cemetery belonging to the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

First survey campaign at Amargeti in Paphos completed

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
The Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works announced the completion of the first archaeological survey campaign of Graz University (Austria) in Amargeti, Paphos District, under the direction of Dr. Gabriele Koiner. The survey was conducted from 22 to 29 October 2019, in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities and the Cyprus University of Technology. Credit: Dept. of Antiquities, Republic of... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Early modern humans cooked starchy food in South Africa, 170,000 years ago

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
"The inhabitants of the Border Cave in the Lebombo Mountains on the Kwazulu-Natal/eSwatini border were cooking starchy plants 170 thousand years ago," says Professor Lyn Wadley, a scientist from the Wits Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa (Wits ESI). "This discovery is much older than earlier reports for cooking similar plants and it provides a fascinating insight into the behavioural... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Researchers learn more about teen-age T.Rex

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
Without a doubt, Tyrannosaurus rex is the most famous dinosaur in the world. The 40-foot-long predator with bone crushing teeth inside a five-foot long head are the stuff of legend. Now, a look within the bones of two mid-sized, immature T. rex allow scientists to learn about the tyrant king's terrible teens as well. The skull of the juvenile T. rex, "Jane", was slender with knife-like teeth, having not yet grown big enough to crush... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

‘Prehistoric’ burials found in Mandalay

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
Several burials believed to be from the Bronze and Iron Ages have been found at an archaeological excavation site in Myanmar's Mandalay Region, an official of the Department of Archaeology and National Museum said. Credit: Dept. of ArchaeologyThe remains were discovered at the site in Kyi Kyi village in the Nwartogyi township in central Mandalay. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); U Kyaw Oo Lwin, director... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Shang Dynasty 'barn' site discovered in Central China

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
The site of a group of circular building foundations, which are believed to be the state barns of the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC), has been discovered in Central China's Henan province. Aerial photo shows the excavations of circular building bases in the Yanshi ruins, Henan Province, central China [Credit: Xinhua]The site of the barns is located in the Yanshi ruins -- ruins of an ancient city which was built in the early Shang... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

2,400-year-old pendants unearthed in Assos excavations

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
Archaeological excavations in Assos, one of the most important port cities of antiquity have unearthed 2,400-year-old pendants made from bone, shaped in human and animal figures. Credit: AAThe pendants date back to the fourth century BC, said Nurettin Arslan, professor at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (ÇOMÜ) Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Archaeology and head of Assos excavations, in an interview with the state-run... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

2,500-year-old Scythian warrior grave found in Siberian ‘Valley of the Kings’

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
The 2,500-year-old tomb of a Scythian warrior has been found in the ‘Siberian Valley of the Kings’ in Russia. The skeletal remains of the 2,500-year-old Scythian warrior was found buried with a bronze battle axe, arrows, an iron knife and fragments of a bow [Credit: Igor PieÅ„kos]Buried with his weapon and golden ornaments, the warrior discovered by archaeologists from Jagiellonian University in Krakow was found in an untouched grave... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Restoring the Rimini Altarpiece to new splendour

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
The Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung has launched a large-scale conservation project that will focus on one of the collection’s most important works over the next few years. The Rimini Altarpiece, one of the most comprehensive and best-preserved late medieval figural groups in alabaster, will undergo a range of conservation and restoration treatments, including state-of-the-art laser technology. An in-depth technical analysis of the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Early Islamic gold coins found in central Israel

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
A hoard of gold coins was found last week in Yavneh during excavations conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority prior to the development of a new neighborhood at the behest of the Israel Lands Authority. The archaeologists were surprised to discover a broken clay juglet containing gold coins dating to the Early Islamic period. The excavations revealed an ancient industrial area which was active for several hundred years, and the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

1800-year-old inscribed votive stele found at Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
An ancient votive stele dating back around 1,800 years was unearthed in Turkey's northern Karabuk province. Credit: AAThe limestone slab that had a silhouette of a woman on it was found during excavation works in Church C and the necropolis in the ancient city of Hadrianopolis – now located 3 kilometers east of the Eskipazar district of the Karabuk province. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Faculty Member of... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Greek authorities seize rare 6th century BC kouros head in Corinth

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) at The Archaeology News Network - 2 days ago
Investigators with the Hellenic Police’s (ELAS) department for the protection of cultural heritage and antiquities seized what is believed to be a rare 6th century BC statue fragment during a raid in Corinth, according to an announcement this week. Credit: ANA-MPA (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The fragment is a 40 cm head and part of the neck of a larger-than-life kouros, a statue of a young man, dating from... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]



Pirates and Democracy

Chris Holte at HoltesThoughts - 10 hours ago
I've found compelling evidence that Robert and Governeuer Morris were pirates. And Hamilton was not perfect either. But I've also found evidence they were nationalists, just as patriotic as the Southerners, abolitionists and wanted a unified nation not a confederacy. His work with Madison and Jefferson gave us a Strong nation that still survives. Had we been a loose confederacy, the Civil war would have started sooner and never ended. Fractured states are subject to external predation, colonialism and neo-colonialism. Hamilton wanted direct election of the President. He was able t... more »

Lawyers and Pirates

Chris Holte at HoltesThoughts - 11 hours ago
Lawyers and Pirates Pirates, loot and Lawyers When we think of pirates we don't usually think of lawyers. We think of hard men with eye patches and peg legs. The basis of all piracy is high seas theft and private warfare. The two have always overlapped. We romanticize piracy because the foundation of many wealthy family fortunes is in piratical behavior. All pirates seek loot, wealth, power, and to fight enemies on the Seas. Privateers confine their piracy to enemies of their country. Pirates don't. But it's not that simple. The legalization of private warfare that enables piracy... more »


SEE  https://plawiuk.blogspot.com/search?q=PIRATES




The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon

Karl Janssen at Old Books by Dead Guys - 3 hours ago
*The Golden Age of Comics and Magic* Michael Chabon’s 2000 novel *The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay* has garnered much critical acclaim, and deservedly so. This remarkable novel tells the story of Brooklyn boy Sammy Klayman and his cousin Josef Kavalier, a Jewish refugee from Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia. When Joe moves in with Sammy’s family, Sammy discovers his cousin’s prodigious artistic talents and decides the two should get into the comic book business. Sammy works for a novelty products company, and he persuades his boss to back their publishing venture. The creativ... more »

A Little Trip Along with Gen. Jackson Down the Mighty Missisip

Patrick Murfin at Heretic, Rebel, a Thing to Flout - 2 hours ago
This 1922 illustration show General Andrew Jackson on the breast works in the Battle of New Orleans with his Tennessee Volunteers, Army Regulars, and Jean Lafitte's pirates. Few if any of the Tennesseans would have been in buckskin and coonskin caps, Most had at least fragments of uniforms after months of campaigning against the Creeks and capturing Mobile from the Spanish. Probably the most *important battle* ever fought *after a war ended* occurred on January 8, 1815. Thousands of *British *troops, including *regiments *that had distinguished themselves in the *Napoleonic Wars ... more »

Iran, the United States and Operation Enduring Freedom - Sowing the Seeds of Distrust With Washington

A Political Junkie at Viable Opposition - 54 minutes ago
Let's open this posting with a lengthy quote: "*The Afghan war has produced at least one set of improbable bedfellows: the US and Iran. That is why the battle for Herat in southwest Afghanistan on Monday, November 12, stood out from the Northern Alliance’s other rapid-fire wins. Beyond giving the anti-Taliban movement a key city and control over the main routes to Iran and Turkmenistan, winning Herat may be remembered as a turning point for America’s foreign relations outside Afghanistan too, because it brought the US and Iran together militarily for the first time since the anti-Am... more »
Australia's Wildfires and Climate Change Are Making One Another Worse in a Vicious, Devastating Circle

Tara Law, Time•January 7, 2020

Dead Animals Line the Road in Fire-Ravaged Australia


The hot, dry conditions that primed southeastern Australia’s forest and fields for the bushfires that have been ravaging the country since September are likely to continue, scientists warn — and climate change has likely made the situation much worse.

Over the past few months, the bushfires have already scorched millions of acres, killed two dozen people, and slaughtered an estimated half a billion animals in the country, where it is currently summer. But scientists say that the risk of additional fires remains high. Southeastern Australia has been “abnormally dry” since September, which means that it would need significant rainfall repeatedly over a period of weeks to become damp enough to cut down the risk of fires, says Dan Pydynowski, a senior meteorologist at AccuWeather.

Unfortunately, such prolonged rain does not appear to be imminent in the next few weeks. Although the region experienced some rain early this week, Pydynowski warns that it has “not been impressive” and is not enough to substantially reduce fire risk. Significant rain from Tropical Storm Blake is also not expected to reach the area most affected by the fires.

“Everything is so dry right now, it doesn’t take much for a fire to spark and blow up and spread,” Pydynowski says.
A cemetery recently hit by bushfires near Mogo, 
New South Wales, on Jan. 5. | Adam Ferguson for TIME

Climate scientists warn that the scale and devastation of the wildfires are clear examples of the way climate change can intensify natural disasters.

The Australian bushfires were exacerbated by two factors that have a “well-established” link to climate change: heat and dry conditions, says Stefan Rahmstorf, department head at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany and a lead author of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report.

In recent years, Australia has experienced long-term dry conditions and exceptionally low rainfall. Scientists say that droughts in the country have gotten worse over recent decades. At the same time, the country has recorded record high temperatures; last summer was the hottest on record for the country.

“Due to enhanced evaporation in warmer temperatures, the vegetation and the soils dry out more quickly,” says Rahmstorf. “So even if the rainfall didn’t change, just the warming in itself would already cause a drying of vegetation and therefore increased fire risk.”

Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, who has resisted calls for the country to reduce its carbon emissions, has been accused of deemphasizing the the link between the bushfires and climate change, saying during a November interview that there isn’t “credible scientific evidence” that curbing emissions would diminish the fires.

However, scientists stress that while many sources may ignite fires — including arson — climate change is a major reason why recent the blazes in Australia have been so destructive.

“There are now disingenuous efforts to downplay the clear role of climate change in worsening the intensity and severity of the Australian fires, or to blame ‘arson’ as a way to distract from the growing threat of climate change. These efforts should be called out for what they are: gross climate denial,” Peter Gleick, a climate scientist and co-founder of Pacific Institute in California.

Gleick says that the bushfires are a “very clear example of the links between climate change and extreme weather.” He points out that these fires are very similar to recent highly destructive fires in Brazil and California.

“It’s not a question of whether climate change has caused these fires. Fires start for natural reasons — or for human cause reasons. What we’re seeing is a worsening of the conditions that make the fires in Australia unprecedentedly bad,” says Gleick. “All of these factors — record heat, unprecedented drought, lack of rain — all contribute to drying out the fuel that makes these fires worse. What we have are fires that might have occurred anyway, but the extent, the severity, the intensity of these fires is far worse than it otherwise would have been without the fingerprints of climate change.”

Rahmstorf also says that climate scientists believe wildfire conditions are worsening because climate change affects the water cycle, which in turn “leads to less rainfall in already dry parts of the world, and more rainfall in the already wet parts of the world.” Australia is especially vulnerable to climate change because the continent is already hot and dry; a large swathe of the country is facing increased risk of drought, says Rahmstorf.

Gleick says that the bushfires can have a ripple effect both on the local landscape and on the global climate. Fires can cause “ember storms,” which can lead to additional fires when embers from smaller fires are picked up by the wind.

Fires also add carbon dioxide — a greenhouse gas — into the atmosphere, which can in turn amplify climate change, Gleick says. “Climate change is making these disasters worse, and these disasters are making climate change worse,” says Gleick. “We’ve only seen a tiny fraction of the climate change that we’re going to see in the coming years and the coming decades. If we’re seeing these disasters with a 1 degree warming of the planet so far, and we know that we’re headed for a 1.5 or 2 or 3 degree warming, we can only imagine how bad these disasters are going to get.”

---30---
Heartbreaking photos show animals impacted by Australia's bushfires
Ben Mack
A kangaroo with burnt feet pads rescued from bushfires
 in the Blue Mountains. Jill Gralow / Reuters
Massive bushfires are continuing to rage across Australia.The fires have claimed dozens of lives, and destroyed thousands of homes. The smoke is even turning the sky in New Zealand orange — about 1,200 miles away.More than a billion animals are feared to have died so far, and thousands have also been receiving hospital treatment.There are several ways to help — many organizations are taking donations to support rescuers and others affected by the bushfires.Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

The bushfires raging in Australia have taken a massive toll on animals — more than a billion of them are thought to have died so far, in what is only the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere.


Fires have burned an estimated 25.5 million acres since September, according to Reuters. The fires have claimed dozens of lives, and destroyed thousands of homes. The fires are so massive, smoke from them has been turning the sky in New Zealand orange — which is about 1,200 miles away. By comparison, the massive Amazon Rainforest fires in 2019 burned an estimated 17.5 million acres.
Shayanne Gal/Insider

Celebrities and other well-known figures throughout the world have been calling on the public to join them in helping Australians, while Celeste Barber's Facebook bushfire fundraiser is officially the largest in the platform's history, raising over $28.5 million in just four days.

The fires have had a heartbreaking impact on pets and wild animals too — tens of thousands of koalas are feared dead on Kangaroo Island alone, and last week, the family of late wildlife conservationist Steve Irwin announced that their animal hospital in Queensland had treated more than 90,000 animal patients.

Wildlife Information, Rescue and Education Services (WIRES)
 volunteer and carer Tracy Burgess holds a severely burnt
 brushtail possum rescued from fires near Australia's Blue
 Mountains on December 29.
A brushtail possum rescued from fires near Australia's
 Blue Mountains. Jill Gralow / Reuters

WIRES volunteer and carer Tracy Dodd holds a kangaroo 
with burnt feet pads after being rescued from bushfires in 
the Blue Mountains on December 30.

A kangaroo with burnt feet pads rescued from bushfires
 in the Blue Mountains. Jill Gralow / Reuters


A dog visits the burnt-out property of its owner's family
member in Kia, Australia, on January 8.
A dog in Kia following bushfires. Tracey Nearmy / Reuters

A weary kangaroo shelters on a patch of green grass 
surrounded by burnt bushland along the Princes Highway 
near Milton on January 5.
A kangaroo near in Milton. Tracey Nearmy / Reuters


In this image made from video taken on December 22, 
and provided by Oakbank Balhannah CFS, a koala drinks
 water from a bottle given by a firefighter in Cudlee Creek, 
South Australia.

A koala drinking from a water bottle given by a firefighter
 in Cudlee Creek. Oakbank Balhannah CFS via AP

A dehydrated and injured Koala receives treatment at the 
Port Macquarie Koala Hospital in Port Macquarie on November 2.
A dehydrated koala being cared for in Port Macquarie. 
SAEED KHAN/AFP via Getty Images


A pet cat sits quietly in its animal carrier at the evacuation
center in the Bomaderry Bowls Club in Bomaderry on January 5.

A pet cat at the evacuation center in the Bomaderry 
Bowls Club. Tracey Nearmy / Reuters

Bec Winter stands next to her son, Riley, while hugging her
 horse Charmer, who she rode to safety through bushfires
 on New Year's Eve in Moruya.

Bec Winter, son Riley (right) and horse Charmer. 
Jill Gralow / Reuters

Adelaide wildlife rescuer Simon Adamczyk is seen with a
 koala rescued at a burning forest near Cape Borda on
 Kangaroo Island.
Simon Adamczyk rescuing a koala near Cape Borda on 
Kangaroo Island. AAP Image/David Mariuz/via REUTERS

Animals are seen in Cobargo, as bushfires continue in
New South Wales, Australia on January 5.
Bushfires near Cobargo in New South Wales. 
Tracey Nearmy / Reuters


Giraffes at the Mogo Zoo in Mogo on January 8.
Giraffes at the Mogo Zoo. Alkis Konstantinidis / Reuters

An injured koala receives treatment at the Port Macquarie
 Koala Hospital after its rescue from a bushfire on November 19.
An injured koala at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital. 
Tao Shelan/China News Service/VCG via Getty Images

WIRES volunteer and carer Tracy Dodd holds a kangaroo 
with burnt feet pads after it was rescued from bushfires
 in the Blue Mountains on December 30.
A kangaroo with burnt feet pads rescued from bushfires
 in the Blue Mountains. Jill Gralow / Reuters

A cat sits in a makeshift joey pouch crafted for animals affected by Australia's bushfires, seen in this January 6 image obtained via social media, in Tauranga, New Zealand.
A cat in a makeshift joey pouch for animals 
affected by Australia's bushfires, as seen in
 Tauranga, New Zealand. Lara Mackay via Reuters


Chickens mill around a burnt-out property in Kiah on January 8.
Chickens in Kiah, New South Wales. Tracey Nearmy / Reuters

A Red Heeler dog lies on the ground at the Cobargo evacuation center in Cobargo on January 6.
A Red Heeler dog in Cobargo. Tracey Nearmy / Reuters

Local aboriginal man Anthony Thomas is seen at his uncle's property, destroyed by bushfires, in Kiah on January 8.
3 graphics reveal the unimaginable scale of Australia's fires
Aylin Woodward and Shayanne Gal
Cattle in a field under a red sky caused by bushfires in 
Greendale on the outskirts of Bega, in Australia's New
 South Wales state, on Sunday. 
SAEED KHAN/AFP via Getty Images



Since September, bushfires have razed an estimated 25 million acres in Australia. That's an area larger than South Korea, and it's 7 million more acres than burned in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest last year.
Hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to evacuate, and more than 1 billion animals are feared dead.
Drought conditions and record-breaking temperatures contributed to the fires' unprecedented size and intensity.
Three graphics show the devastating scale of Australia's bushfire crisis.
Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

More than half of Australia is choking on smoke, and skies across the country glow orange as bushfires continue to ravage the continent.

Since the start of the bushfire season in September, an estimated 25.5 million acres have burned, according to Reuters, and at least 25 people have died. More than 1 billion animals are feared dead, and an estimated 2,000 homes have been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to evacuate.

Australia experiences fires during its summer, which runs from December to March, but this year's crisis — which comes on the heels of a heat wave and prolonged drought — is unprecedented. The fires that plagued the Brazilian Amazon this year, by comparison, burned through 17.5 million acres of rainforest.

The smoke plume from Australia's blazes is nearly unfathomable in size: 1.3 billion acres of sky are engulfed in ash and smoke that can be seen from space. That's an area three times the size of Mexico, half the size of Canada, and bigger than the 11 biggest US states combined.

In December, an official in New South Wales said the state was experiencing the "longest" and "most widespread" period of poor air quality in its history.

"I looked out into smoke-filled valleys, with only the faintest ghosts of distant ridges and peaks in the background," Michael Mann, a US climate scientist who is on sabbatical in Sydney, wrote in The Guardian on Thursday.

Dry conditions in Australia's bushland, wooded areas, and have made the land ripe for sparks. Australia experienced its driest spring ever in 2019. December 18 was the hottest day in the country's history, with average temperatures hitting 105.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 40.9 degrees Celsius.

In the past 15 years, Australia has experienced eight of its 10 warmest years on record. Winter rains, which can help reduce the intensity of summer fires, have declined significantly, The Sydney Morning Herald reported.

"We used to see hundreds of thousands of hectares burned in bushfires, but now we are seeing millions on fire," Pep Canadell, the executive director of the Global Carbon Project, told The Herald.

The following three graphics reveal the unimaginable scale of the Australia fires.

Australia's bushfire crisis has burned far more acreage than other recent fires and even the US's worst blaze ever.
Shayanne Gal/Insider

Last year was a year of fire. Blazes cut through 6.4 million acres of the Siberian tundra over the summer, while 2.5 million acres of Alaskan wilderness went up in smoke. More than 100,000 fires started during just 10 August days in the Amazon rainforest.

But Australia's bushfires dwarf all of those events. In fact, this season obliterates the country's record for worst wildfire season; that was in 2009, when the Black Saturday bushfires razed 1.1 million acres.

Added up, the burned land in Australia as of Tuesday was about the size of the US state of Virginia.
Shayanne Gal/Insider

The area of the resulting smoke — 1.3 billion acres — is equal to the areas of Alaska, Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, Oregon, Wyoming, and Michigan combined.

Nearly 70% of Australia is covered by a haze of smoke.
Shayanne Gal/Insider

If that smoke cloud were to hang over Europe, it would engulf half of the continent.

SEE ALSO: Australia's fires have burned more than twice as much land as the summer's Amazon blazes. They're part of an ominous carbon-dioxide feedback loop.


---30---
Backstory: Inside Hong Kong’s protests as a campus became a ‘battleground’
By Jessie PANG, Reuters•January 8, 2020



Hong Kong's 2020 begins with violent protests

Hong Kong's News Years Day saw a peaceful protest in the tens of thousands later spiral into chaos. Protest organizers say over one million people marched on Wednesday (January 1). Police put the figure at 60,000. The march gave way to violence on Hong Kong island. Hundreds of protesters formed road blocks, set fires and threw petrol bombs. Police say they arrested nearly 400 people. (SOUNDBITE) (English) HONG KONG SENIOR POLICE SUPERINTENDENT, NG LOK CHUN, SAYING: "But some of the rioters, they refused to leave and continue to throw hard objects at our officers. At this juncture, some of my officers gave warnings to these rioters not to throw hard objects, including bricks, including paint bombs and also water bottles." Protesters are pushing authorities for more concessions. That includes an independent inquiry into the police and amnesty for those arrested over months of protests. (SOUNDBITE) (English) HONG KONG PROTESTER, 32-YEAR-OLD ELOPETH CHAN, SAYING: "We are still here today because the government is not responding to our five demands, and most importantly I think most of the people are very fed up with the violence of the police, so the five demands is driving us to be here today". Wednesday also saw global bank HSBC targetted by protesters' rage. In the Wanchai and Central districts-some sprayed an HSBC branch with graffiti, its cash machines were smashed and burned. HSBC is the latest brand targeted by the protesters. Last month, police froze millions of dollars of a fund raised to support the protesters. Protesters say there's a link between HSBC, the frozen accounts, and the recent arrests of four people tied to a fundraising group. The bank denies any connection. Demonstrations have increased in violence in recent months. Protesters promise they won't slow down in 2020.


By Jessie PANG

HONG KONG (Reuters) - When protesters took over the campus of Hong Kong Polytechnic University in November, many felt compelled to make a statement. Sometimes it was personal. I felt it, too.

As I sat on a bridge overlooking campus, I sent a WhatsApp message to my closest friend. I had already told her I was on the campus reporting. This time I typed out another message, saying that as a Hong Konger born and raised, I felt reporting was the only thing I could do for my city.

The campus was encircled by thousands of police, blocking off escape routes. Inside, hundreds of protesters were preparing to fight with improvised weapons, including arrows and petrol bombs.

I stayed put. A police crackdown seemed imminent.

I followed a group of protesters as they attempted to block one of the back routes to the campus to prevent police from storming in. As I ran after the black-clad protesters carrying metal pipes and umbrellas, I passed a library with black graffiti sprayed across its bulletin board.

“Why have universities become battlegrounds?” it read.

I had aspirations of becoming a war correspondent one day, but I never imagined that my hometown would become a conflict zone.

I had already spent almost half a year covering near daily protests and sometimes violent clashes between police and pro-democracy demonstrators for Reuters. I had seen and felt the anger, desperation and fear of the protesters of my generation, people in college, people graduating to an uncertain future.

Not knowing how long the siege would last, Reuters reporters and others converted an empty classroom into a makeshift newsroom. We projected live feeds on a whiteboard to monitor attempts by protesters outside to rescue the students and the encroaching police circling the campus.

As it became clear they were trapped and police would wait them out, protesters tried different ways to flee. Everyone understood they could face prosecution and prison if arrested.

Some abseiled down a bridge, jumping down to getaway motorcycles on the highway. The police began firing tear gas toward the bridge and arrested some escapees.

THROUGH THE SEWERS

There was Ethan, who, like many others, asked to be only identified by his first name. Ethan studied blueprints of the Hong Kong sewer system he found online to engineer an escape for his friends trapped inside campus. He went down the sewers from outside, and waded through raw sludge for half an hour to lead his friends back out the way he had come.

There was Bowie, who had tried to escape on her own through the sewers, crawling for an hour in the dark labyrinth under campus, cutting and bruising herself. She finally found an exit, only to realize that she was still trapped inside. She was carried away in an ambulance.

As the protesters argued about whether they should leave, a teenage protester walked up to me and asked me for a pen and paper.

“I want to write down that I don’t have any severe injuries before leaving the campus,” he said, voicing a fear common among protesters that they could be injured during arrest and detention.

I gave him my pen. I apologized I had no paper with me.

On the morning of Nov 19, after two days inside the campus, I was taking a walk when I came across a rainbow formed when the morning light hit water dripping from a hydrant opened by protesters. It was a rare moment of grace, near the bridge where protesters had earlier fled by night.

Soon, the campus began to feel deserted. The stench of rotting food was everywhere. Conversations became terse and infrequent. Fears of undercover cops spread. Some protesters isolated themselves.

After five days and four nights, I left, swapping out places through the police lines with another Reuters reporter. The siege continued for another week.

Afterwards, the police said they had arrested 1,377 people, 318 of them under 18.

Police fired 1,458 tear gas rounds, 1,391 rubber bullets, 325 bean bag rounds and 265 sponge rounds.

Nearly 4,000 petrol bombs, 1,338 explosives, 601 corrosive liquids and 573 weapons were seized.

The campus will resume classes on January 13, officials said.

(Editing by Kevin Krolicki and Raju Gopalakrishnan)

---30---