India's JNU attacked: 'We thought ... we all will lose our lives'

Students and teachers at premier university recount the horrors of Sunday night's violence that injured dozens.

by Bilal Kuchay
6 Jan 2020

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New Delhi, India - Surya Prakash - a visually impaired student at New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) - says masked assailants broke into his ground-floor room in Sabarmati Hostel and beat him with iron rods.

"I kept shouting that I'm blind but they didn't listen to me," Prakash, 25, who is pursuing his PhD in Sanskrit, told Al Jazeera on Monday.

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Prakash's left arm and back are swollen. He told Al Jazeera that he could not say who the attackers were.

He is among at least 26 students and teachers who were injured during Sunday night's violence that has caused an outrage, with people across several cities staging solidarity protests on Monday.

Videos shared on social media showed masked men roaming inside the university's hostels and attacking students and teachers with iron rods, sticks and sledgehammers and vandalising properties.

Prakash was rescued by other students and taken to New Delhi's All India Medical Institute of Sciences (AIIMS) for treatment. He was discharged after an hour.

Protests have been organised across several Indian cities

 in solidarity with JNU students [Adnan Abidi/Reuters]

"I couldn't sleep all night. I froze in my bed thinking they might come again," he said.

The Sanskrit scholar says he is getting threat calls from unknown numbers for speaking out.

"I'm scared but I do not want to remain silent. I want everyone to know what happened with me. I want them to understand that nobody is safe here," he said, adding that he is not part of any political party and spends most of his time studying in his room.
'Mayhem'

Students and teachers at JNU have been protesting for the past few months against fee rise, which they say will hurt poor students.

The university, a bastion of left-wing student politics, witnessed scuffles between the left-leaning student's body and Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) - a student group linked to the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) - earlier on Sunday.
I'm scared but I don't want to remain silent. I want them to understand that nobody is safe here.

SURYA PRAKASH, VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENT AT JNU

The JNU Teachers Association had called for a meeting to restore peace on campus on Sunday evening, a move backed by the students' union.

Witnesses said the attacks on Sunday were carried out by ABVP members, a charge the right-wing student outfit has denied.

Aishe Ghosh, president of the students' union who was badly injured, and other students and teachers said the violent mob created "mayhem" and "terrorised" the university for close to three hours.

Many Indians took to social media to criticise the handling of the situation by the Delhi police, and some questioned the police on why it did not arrest the perpetrators of the violence.

The incident came weeks after police were accused of brutalities in handling student protests against the new citizenship law at Jamia Millia Islamia university and Aligarh Muslim University.

Meanwhile, the Delhi police have registered a case against unidentified people for rioting and damage to property.

Violence at Sabarmati Hostel

At a news conference on Monday, the JNU Teachers' Association urged India's president to dismiss JNU's vice chancellor in the wake of the violence.

"When we saw group wearing masks, we thought we will talk to them and ask them who they are and why are they in the campus wearing masks," Atul Sood, a professor at JNU, told Al Jazeera. "Before we could reach to them, they started throwing stones at us."

"Everyone ran for safety but the mob armed with rods and sticks chased the students inside hostels and beat many of them. It was complete mayhem," he said.

Many of the students chased by the rampaging mob took shelter inside Sabarmati Hostel, where most of the violence happened.

Jyoti, who withheld her surname due to security reasons, said she was in her room when the mob attacked Sabarmati Hostel.

She rushed out into the corridor to see what was happening. "They were about 30 people armed with iron rods, hammers and carrying some spray and beating students," she told Al Jazeera.
The only sound was doors being banged and glasses being broken and students screaming and crying for help

SHREYA GHOSH, A PHD STUDENT AT THE CENTRE FOR POLITICAL STUDIES, JNU

About a dozen students including Jyoti made a human chain to stop them from entering into their rooms. Jyoti took out her phone and began making videos.

"When they saw me doing the video recording, they beat me with sticks," she said. "But other students saved me. Everyone was scared and many students had panic attacks and were rushed to hospital later."

On Monday, the wardens of the hostel resigned, stating in their resignation letters that they were quitting on "moral grounds" as they were unable to provide security to the hostel residents.

Shreya Ghosh, a PhD student at the Centre for Political Studies, was one of the students who took shelter inside Sabarmati Hostel in a single-occupancy room along with nearly 20 other students.

"We put the lights off, mobiles on silent mode. At least 10 of us stood against the door to block it so that attackers could not come in," she said.

"We thought if the door gets unblocked, we all will lose our lives."

"The only sounds we heard were doors being banged and glasses being broken and students screaming and crying for help," she told Al Jazeera.

Ghosh and several other students at JNU alleged that police and security personnel did not come for their help while they were under attack.

"It was an organised mob who were determined to do what they were up to. It was a different sense of fear," she said.

"I'm speechless because police knew this is happening, the security knew this is happening and there was no one from them to stop this for one hour despite police being there in the campus and despite students calling for help."

The Delhi police said they were investigating how masked men entered the university. "Social media and CCTV footage will be a part of the investigation," police officer Devendra Arya told Reuters news agency.

JNU students and many teachers have faced attacks and have been called "anti-nationals" for opposing the Hindu supremacist agenda of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

"If ABVP and this government thinks that we will stop fighting against its brutal policies, they are mistaken. JNU will fight till its last student is alive. They cannot break our spirit," said another student, Kaushiki.

A general view of a vandalised hostel room on the JNU

 campus [Money Sharma/AFP]


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA NEWS

Mass anti-government protests turn violent in Guinea
ALL VIOLENCE IS STATE VIOLENCE 
At least 12 injured as president's supporters attack protesters fearing a third term in the office.
6 Jan 2020

MORE ON GUINEAMaritime piracy increases business costs in the Gulf of GuineaGuinea opposition parties to boycott parliamentary pollGuinea temporarily frees jailed opposition leadersMothers in Guinea rally against police violence

Thousands took to the streets in Guinea in a new anti-government protest on Monday, with partisan violence injuring at least 12 people.

The West African country has been hit by rolling protests since mid-October over concerns President Alpha Conde plans to stay in office for a third term.

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On Monday, tens of thousands marched from the suburbs of the capital, Conakry, to the city centre.

Wearing the red colour of the opposition, protesters carried placards reading: "No to a new constitution" and "No to a third mandate for Alpha Conde".

Conde, 81, announced a new draft constitution last month which critics fear he will use to pursue a third term.

Major opposition figures, including former prime ministers Cellou Dalein Diallo and Sidya Toure, protested in Conakry on Monday.

Abdourahmane Sanoh, the coordinator of National Front for the Defence of the Constitution (FNDC), an alliance of opposition groups behind the protests, said there were plans to increase the number of rallies from January 13.

"I ask that the all Guinean people be ready from January 13," he said.

About 20 people have died since the protests began, according to the AFP news agency, and one security officer has also been killed.

Demonstrations also took part in regional cities such as Labe, Pita, Dalaba, Mamou and Boke, witnesses told the AFP.

But the protests turned violent in the Conde stronghold of Kankan in the east of the country, as the president's supporters attacked protesters.

"At least 12 people were injured, seven of them badly," said a security official in Conakry, who declined to be named. A medical official confirmed the figure.

Cheick Mohamed Kaba, an MP from the opposition Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea party (UFDG), said pro-Conde people "vandalised, ransacked and pillaged" property belonging to ethnic Fulani people.

The majority of UFDG supporters are Fulani, Guinea's largest ethnic group.

Conde's Rally of the Guinean People party draws most of its support from the country's second-largest ethnic group, the Malinke.

The violence comes after the political opposition said it would prevent legislative elections - planned for February 16 - from taking place, citing irregularities in the electoral roll.

Conde is a former opposition figure himself who was jailed under Guinea's previous authoritarian regimes.

He became the country's first democratically elected president in 2010 before winning re-election in 2015. Under the present constitution, presidents are limited to two terms in office.

Despite initial hopes of a new political dawn in the country, critics say his rule has become increasingly authoritarian.

---30---

France to strip special pension from writer accused of child rape

Essayist Gabriel Matzneff is being investigated by French police for allegedly raping a 14-year-old girl.
6 Jan 2020

Underage relationships have featured in Matzneff's writing, 

and in 1977 he published a piece in Le Monde newspaper giving

 his support to three people convicted of having sexual relations

 with 13- and 14-year-olds [File: Jacques Demarthon/AFP]
THOSE SO CALLED PEOPLE WERE WHITE MEN

France's culture minister said Monday that a writer accused of raping and seducing children should be stripped of a special state pension.

Award-winning essayist Gabriel Matzneff is being investigated by French police after the publication of a book detailing his sexual relationship with a girl of 14 over three decades ago.
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Underage relationships have featured in Matzneff's writing, and in 1977 he published a piece in Le Monde newspaper supporting three people convicted of raping teenagers.

In a 1990 television talk show, Matzneff, 83, talked about his sexual exploits with girls.

Despite his views, he was named by the Culture Ministry as an "officer of the arts and letters" in 1995 and he won the prestigious literary award, the Renaudot Essai, in 2013.

Franck Riester, current culture minister, said Matzneff should be deprived of cash from a hardship fund from the National Books Centre (CNL) for elderly writers in financial straits.

In a statement, he said the author should not be granted the annual allowance if he applies for it again.

Matzneff is reported to have received around 8,000 euros ($8,900) from the fund last year, and up to 160,000 euros since 2002, according to a French Sunday newspaper, Journal du Dimanche.

The case has highlighted what many see as an overly permissive attitude towards sexual harassment and assaults in France.

Police opened a formal investigation into Matzneff after publisher 

Vanessa Springora described her tortured relationship with the 

writer in a book called, Consent [File: Martin Bureau/AFP]

The French film establishment has been rocked by rape accusations against directors Roman Polanski and Luc Besson, while star Adele Haenel said she was sexually harassed by the director of her first film when she was 12.

All three men have denied the claims.

The head of the CNL, Vincent Monade, said the organisation had resisted Matzneff being awarded the allowance when he first applied for it, but bowed to the request under pressure from politicians and other famous authors who lobbied for him.

He said they had recommended to the minister that the grant now be withdrawn.

Police opened a formal investigation into Matzneff last week after leading publisher Vanessa Springora described her tortured relationship with the writer in a book called, Consent.

In it, she describes how Matzneff, then in his fifties, would wait for her outside her school and then take her back to his home for sex.

Prosecutors said their inquiry would focus on "rapes committed against a minor" aged under 15.

Matzneff has denied any wrongdoing and said there had been an "exceptional love" between him and Springora.

SOURCE: NEWS AGENCIES

More than 61,000 missing in Mexico amid spiralling drug violence

The number of missing is 50 percent higher than previously estimated and follows record number of homicides in 2019.

6 Jan 2020

Mexico now says at least 61,000 people have gone missing

 in the country's drug wars. The 43 Ayotzinapa students who 

disappeared five years ago have become emblematic of 

the violence [File: Marco Ugarte/AP Photo]

MORE ON LATIN AMERICAVenezuela opposition leader Guaido takes new oath amid standoffVenezuela's Guaido to challenge rival for Congress presidencyMore than 61,000 missing in Mexico amid spiralling drug violenceUS to send Mexican asylum seekers to Guatemala under new plan

The Mexican government said on Monday more than 61,000 people had gone missing as a result of the increasingly violent drug war with powerful cartels, 50 percent more than the government previously estimated.

The new figure from the one-year-old administration of Mexico's President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, popularly known as AMLO, compares with about 40,000 missing cited by the government as recently as June.

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"The official data of missing persons is 61,637," Karla Quintana, head of the National Registry of Missing or Missing Persons (RNPED), told a news conference.

She said about a quarter of the missing were women.

VIDEO Mexico violence: Homicide rate reached record in 2019 (2;33)

More than 97.4 percent of the total have gone missing since 2006, when then-President Felipe Calderon sent the army to the streets to fight drug traffickers, fragmenting the cartels and leading to vicious internal fighting.

AMLO has adopted a policy of "hugs, not bullets" in dealing with violent crime, focussing on addressing inequality and tackling corruption, but the death toll has continued to climb.

The country suffered a record number of homicides in 2019.

Separately, officials said efforts to find the missing had so far uncovered 1,124 corpses in 873 clandestine burial pits.

The country's National Search Commission said in its first 13 months of work, only about one-third of the bodies found were identified and less than a quarter of the total had been returned to relatives.

The government has set up DNA databases to help identify bodies, but the majority of those found still go unidentified.

Drug and kidnapping gangs often use unmarked pits to dispose of the bodies of their victims or rivals.

The commission said about a third of the corpses it had found were located in just three of the country's 31 states: the northern state of Sinaloa, the Gulf coast state of Veracruz and the Pacific coast state of Colima.


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES

Philippine vice president brands Duterte's drug war a failure

Leni Robredo said only 1 percent of the estimated supply of methamphetamine has been seized in the last three years.
6 Jan 2020

Presidents and vice presidents are elected separately in

 the Philippines, resulting in candidates from rival parties 

like Duterte and Robredo in the country's top leadership 

[File: Bullit Marquez/AP Photo]

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Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's campaign against illegal drugs has failed to substantially eradicate the menace and ensnare important drug lords, and should be reformed to prevent further bloodshed, the country's vice president said late on Monday.

Vice President Leni Robredo, who leads the opposition, also called for a stop to the police practice of home inspections that have led to the killings of petty drug suspects.
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The vice president has been a longtime critic of Duterte's drug crackdown and her latest comments are likely to deepen the political divide between the two leaders.

Presidents and vice presidents are elected separately in the Philippines, resulting in candidates from rival parties like Duterte and Robredo ending up in the country's top leadership and often disagreeing on policies.

Robredo said only about 1 percent of the estimated supply of methamphetamine, a powerful banned stimulant known locally as "shabu", has been seized in the last three years.

Duterte launched the crackdown - his signature policy - when he took office in mid-2016.

VIDEOINSIDE STORY - Can Rodrigo Duterte win the war on illegal drugs? (25:11)

"Very clearly, based on official data, despite the killings of Filipinos and all the money spent, the amount of shabu and drug money we've seized has not gone beyond 1 percent of those in circulation," Robredo said at a news conference.

"If we really want to end the scourge of illegal drugs, we need to run after the big suppliers and not just the small-time pushers," she added, saying that the campaign would not succeed unless it was reformed to be more strategic, better organised and closely supervised in all aspects by the president.
Mounting death toll

In December, the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) announced that an estimated 5,552 people had been killed during government operations between July 1, 2016, and November 30, 2019.

But authorities had already released data in June 2019 saying that the death toll was 6,600 as of May 2019, raising questions about the government's handling of the data.

Human rights advocates argue the number of deaths reached at least 27,000 as of June 2019.

A mass is held during the wake of three-year-old Myca 

Ulpina, who died in crossfire between police and illegal 

drugs suspects in June 2019 in Rizal province just outside 

of Manila [File: Rolex dela Pena/EPA]

The Philippine vice president's latest remarks were largely based on information gathered during a brief stint in a government anti-drugs committee, which Duterte asked her to help lead last year after her constant criticisms of his bloody crackdown.

Robredo surprised many by accepting the offer, but Duterte fired her after 18 days after she started seeking confidential information about the campaign.

Presidential spokesman Salvador Panelo dismissed Robredo's statements, saying Duterte's campaign had succeeded in closing many drug laboratories and forcing the surrender of a large number of drug suspects.

Big-time drug lords have also been neutralised, Panelo said, although he failed to immediately provide a list of names.

"If you noticed, when she was threatening to release this report, she implied that there were some irregularities discovered, a bomb that would explode on your face. It's a dud," Panelo told reporters.

VIDEOINSIDE STORY: Has Rodrigo Duterte delivered on his promises? (24:46)

Robredo, a 54-year-old former human rights lawyer and political newcomer, has openly criticised the campaign against illegal drugs launched by Duterte, a longtime city mayor and state prosecutor known for his extra-tough approach on crime and brash speaking style.

She said she accepted Duterte's offer to help oversee the crackdown despite warnings by her advisers and allies so that she could help save lives.

One of her first moves was to request confidential documents from law enforcers, including a list of key drug suspects singled out under Duterte's campaign.

Duterte warned Robredo about sharing confidential information about the anti-drug campaign with his foreign critics, including human rights advocates.

At least two complaints about mass murder have been filed before the International Criminal Court over the deaths, but Duterte and the police have denied condoning extrajudicial killings under the crackdown.

Duterte has warned that his bloody campaign will continue up to the last day of his presidency in June 2022.


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES

India suffers hottest decade on record

LIKE ALL ARYAN SUPREMACISTS MODI AND BJP ARE CLIMATE CHANGE DENIERS

India suffers hottest decade on record

National weather office calls impact of global warming 'unmistakable' with more than 1,500 people killed last year.
7 Jan 2020

India's five warmest years on record fell in the last 10 years,

 with 2016 being the hottest [File: Amit Dave/Reuters]

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The last decade was India's hottest on record with the national weather office calling the impact of global warming "unmistakable" and extreme weather killing more than 1,500 people last year.

India, home to 1.3 billion people, is at the forefront of climate change suffering devastating floods, dire water shortages and baking temperatures. The southern city of Chennai last year declared "day zero" as taps ran dry.

Temperatures between 2010 and 2019 were 0.36 degrees Celsius (0.65 degrees Fahrenheit) above the long-term average, the hottest decade since records began in 1901, the Indian Meteorological Department said on Monday.

Extreme weather also killed more than 1,500 people last year, the seventh-hottest, the IMD said.

They included 850 people killed by heavy rain and flooding and another 350 in summer temperatures of up to 51C (123.8F). Lighting and storms killed another 380 people.

India's five warmest years on record all fell in the last 10 years, with 2016 being the hottest.

Eleven of the 15 warmest years were also during the past 15 years, the IMD said.

The average for 2019 would have been higher were it not for record cold in northern India in December.

Last year also saw eight cyclones form over the north Indian Ocean, below the record of 10 last reached in 1976, including five over the Arabian Sea, equalling the previous high of 1902, the IMD said.

"The impact of global warming on India is unmistakable," IMD chief Mrityunjay Mohapatra told the Times of India newspaper. "The past year had extreme weather during all seasons."

The United Nations said in December that the past decade was set to be the planet's hottest since records began. Each of the last four decades has been hotter than the preceding one.


SOURCE: AFP NEWS AGENCY

Rescue ship captain's conviction overturned by Malta court

Claus-Peter Reisch did not enter Maltese waters with criminal intent after rescuing 234 migrants, a court ruled.

7 Jan 2020

Claus-Peter Reisch's 10,000 euros fine has been revoked [File: May 2019/Darrin Zammit Lupi/Reuters]

The German captain of a migrant rescue ship operating in the Mediterranean Sea has had his conviction overturned by a Maltese appeals court.

Claus-Peter Reisch had been found guilty in May of not having his ship registration in order and entering Maltese waters without a permit.
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But the Court of Criminal Appeal on Tuesday ruled that Reisch did not have the specific criminal intent to break the law and overturned the original judgement - revoking the 10,000 euros ($11,200) fine.

The Mission Lifeline vessel had been carrying 234 migrants in June 2018 when it entered Maltese waters.

The rescue, one of many involving private ships belonging to or chartered by aid groups, had caused an international dispute as European countries dithered over what to do with the would-be refugees.

READ MOREDesperate journeys to Europe: Italy and Malta demand support

Eventually, the vessel was allowed to dock in Malta and the migrants were distributed among EU states.

The ship, however, was impounded, but Mission Lifeline spokesman Axel Steier said now the case was over, the aid group could get it back.

"We are very relieved and happy. Now we know that we did everything right," Steier said in a statement.

For his part, Reisch tweeted: "Wow, incredible ... I won."

Mission Lifeline has acquired a new vessel that is being outfitted in Germany and plans to resume its rescues in the spring, Steier said. He said the group could no longer use the original ship because no country would offer its flag for its registration under "acceptable conditions".

Steier told The Associated Press news agency the verdict sent a message that rescuing migrants is "not a criminal thing, it's a duty".


SOURCE: AP NEWS AGENCY

Spanish deadlock breaks as Sanchez wins confidence vote by two

Spain now has a government, breaking nearly a year of deadlock.
by Alasdair Fotheringham
7 Jan 2020

Pedro Sanchez won a confidence vote by the narrowest of margins [Reuters]

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Madrid, Spain - Spanish politics tentatively teetered into a new era of coalition-based governments on Tuesday, as Socialist Party leader Pedro Sanchez won a parliamentary vote of confidence by an historic two-vote margin.

Thanks to support from seven parties and, crucially, the abstention of the Catalan nationalist ERC party, the vote in favour of Sanchez's new government ended a period of prolonged political deadlock which had culminated in nearly 10 months of a caretaker government, along with two elections last year and a budget that remains broadly unchanged since 2016.

The Socialists are currently the largest political party in Spain's parliament, but in both recent elections, they fell far short of an absolute majority.
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Instead, Sanchez's new minority government of the Socialists and the left-wing Podemos grouping, itself an alliance of parties, is the first coalition in Spain at a national level since the return of democracy in the late 1970s.

The vote of confidence in Sanchez also marks the first time in Spain's recent history that a political formation to the left of the Socialists will form part of Madrid's government.

"This coalition is testament to the ongoing plurality of Spanish society," Manuel Lopez, professor of history at Spain's Open University, told Al Jazeera. "Politically, Spain can no longer be channelled into the two-party system that dominated this country's public institutions in the 1980s and 1990s.

"It's also a reflection of what's increasingly happening across Europe, where there are more and more coalitions in power who try to reflect the plurality of their societies as well."

The coalition government also ends what Lopez describes as "five years of political deadlock, since the European elections of 2014" - when a number of new parties, including Podemos, emerged on the Spanish political scene.

"Since then certain de facto power groups have been trying to put the genie back in the bottle," said Lopez. "This new coalition government shows that in fact, they can't."

VIDEOCatalan leader Quim Torra: 'Independence of Catalonia will come'

As a minority government with just 155 seats in a 350-seat parliament, and with Catalonia's ERC conditioning their neutrality on the creation of a new permanent commission to decide a road-map for their region's political future, the left-wing coalition looks set for a tumultuous time in office.

"It will be an unstable government, at least at first," Jaime Aja, professor of sociology at the University of Cordoba, told Al Jazeera. "Had the Socialists formed this alliance with Podemos before November's elections, they would have had much more room for manoeuvre.

"It'll now depend on the goodwill of left-leaning nationalist parties, as well as more conservative formations like the Basque Nationalist Party. If the current predictions of a looming economic crisis prove correct, I don't think this government will last very long."

As for the ground-breaking coalition between two left-wing groups, "it's new at a national level", Aja says, "but these kinds of alliances have often happened in regional governments or in city councils".

"The main practical effect is, arguably, to provide the most left-leaning part of the Socialist Party with a real boost. But for all that Spain's right have been sounding the alarm, the government isn't aiming at earth-shattering political changes."

READ MORESpain seeks temporary release for jailed Catalan MEP

Podemos is tipped to secure four ministerial positions, with party leader Pablo Iglesias set to be one of three deputy prime ministers.

Top economic priorities for the new government include raising the minimum wage and pensions as part of labour reforms and heavier taxes on Spain's super-rich. A long-awaited climate change law is also a target.

But such is the fragility of Sanchez's majority, most legislation will likely require negotiation on a case-by-case basis with other parties.

OPINION
Catalan crisis and Franco's legacy to shape the future of Spain

by Santiago Zabala

As for how much effect the Socialists' deal with Catalan nationalists will have; "It will certainly be important for questions like getting the budget through parliament", Germa Capdevila, a political analyst with naciodigital.cat told Al Jazeera.

"But a vote of no-confidence, like the one that saw [former PM] Mariano Rajoy lose power a few years back, is not feasible - it would need [hard-right] Vox to ally with [hard-line Basque Nationalist] Bildu, and that's not going to happen."

And the ERC? "To borrow a term from boxing... they're in a clinch position," said Capdevila. "Which means hugging your adversary briefly, to have a break and regain strength. But eventually the struggle will resume - the ERC and Socialists might be close now, but politically, their positions remain far apart."


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA NEWSTop Manta: Spain's street sellers taking on the fashion world

Madrid, Spain - Spanish politics tentatively teetered into a new era of coalition-based governments on Tuesday, as Socialist Party leader Pedro Sanchez won a parliamentary vote of confidence by an historic two-vote margin.

Thanks to support from seven parties and, crucially, the abstention of the Catalan nationalist ERC party, the vote in favour of Sanchez's new government ended a period of prolonged political deadlock which had culminated in nearly 10 months of a caretaker government, along with two elections last year and a budget that remains broadly unchanged since 2016.

The Socialists are currently the largest political party in Spain's parliament, but in both recent elections, they fell far short of an absolute majority.
More:

The emptying of Spain's interior

Catalan separatists move to break Spain's political deadlock

Catalan independence protests kick off at El Clasico match

Instead, Sanchez's new minority government of the Socialists and the left-wing Podemos grouping, itself an alliance of parties, is the first coalition in Spain at a national level since the return of democracy in the late 1970s.

The vote of confidence in Sanchez also marks the first time in Spain's recent history that a political formation to the left of the Socialists will form part of Madrid's government.

"This coalition is testament to the ongoing plurality of Spanish society," Manuel Lopez, professor of history at Spain's Open University, told Al Jazeera. "Politically, Spain can no longer be channelled into the two-party system that dominated this country's public institutions in the 1980s and 1990s.

"It's also a reflection of what's increasingly happening across Europe, where there are more and more coalitions in power who try to reflect the plurality of their societies as well."

The coalition government also ends what Lopez describes as "five years of political deadlock, since the European elections of 2014" - when a number of new parties, including Podemos, emerged on the Spanish political scene.

"Since then certain de facto power groups have been trying to put the genie back in the bottle," said Lopez. "This new coalition government shows that in fact, they can't."

VIDEOCatalan leader Quim Torra: 'Independence of Catalonia will come'

As a minority government with just 155 seats in a 350-seat parliament, and with Catalonia's ERC conditioning their neutrality on the creation of a new permanent commission to decide a road-map for their region's political future, the left-wing coalition looks set for a tumultuous time in office.

"It will be an unstable government, at least at first," Jaime Aja, professor of sociology at the University of Cordoba, told Al Jazeera. "Had the Socialists formed this alliance with Podemos before November's elections, they would have had much more room for manoeuvre.

"It'll now depend on the goodwill of left-leaning nationalist parties, as well as more conservative formations like the Basque Nationalist Party. If the current predictions of a looming economic crisis prove correct, I don't think this government will last very long."

As for the ground-breaking coalition between two left-wing groups, "it's new at a national level", Aja says, "but these kinds of alliances have often happened in regional governments or in city councils".

"The main practical effect is, arguably, to provide the most left-leaning part of the Socialist Party with a real boost. But for all that Spain's right have been sounding the alarm, the government isn't aiming at earth-shattering political changes."

READ MORESpain seeks temporary release for jailed Catalan MEP

Podemos is tipped to secure four ministerial positions, with party leader Pablo Iglesias set to be one of three deputy prime ministers.

Top economic priorities for the new government include raising the minimum wage and pensions as part of labour reforms and heavier taxes on Spain's super-rich. A long-awaited climate change law is also a target.

But such is the fragility of Sanchez's majority, most legislation will likely require negotiation on a case-by-case basis with other parties.

OPINION
Catalan crisis and Franco's legacy to shape the future of Spain

by Santiago Zabala

As for how much effect the Socialists' deal with Catalan nationalists will have; "It will certainly be important for questions like getting the budget through parliament", Germa Capdevila, a political analyst with naciodigital.cat told Al Jazeera.

"But a vote of no-confidence, like the one that saw [former PM] Mariano Rajoy lose power a few years back, is not feasible - it would need [hard-right] Vox to ally with [hard-line Basque Nationalist] Bildu, and that's not going to happen."

And the ERC? "To borrow a term from boxing... they're in a clinch position," said Capdevila. "Which means hugging your adversary briefly, to have a break and regain strength. But eventually the struggle will resume - the ERC and Socialists might be close now, but politically, their positions remain far apart."


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA NEWS

Bollywood actress visits India's JNU where students were attacked

Deepika Padukone is the biggest Indian star to back the protesting students who on Sunday faced a brutal assault.
Deepika Padukone looks on as she attends the trailer launch of her upcoming Hindi film Chhapaak in Mumbai [File: Sujit Jaiswal/AFP]

MORE ON INDIAWhat's going on in Kashmir? | Start HereWorld reacts after Iran fires missiles at US targets in Iraq'Millions' of Indians strike in protest against gov't policiestBollywood actress visits India's JNU where students were attacked

A top Bollywood actress is being praised for visiting an elite Indian university where students were protesting against an attack on them by masked suspects with alleged links to a student group backed by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Deepika Padukone, 34, on Tuesday visited New Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), where alleged members of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) brutally assaulted dozens of students and teachers with sticks, sledgehammers and rocks on Sunday.

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The violence in JNU followed a public meeting organised by the university's teachers association in connection with a rise in hostel charges for students announced weeks ago.

READ MORENew Delhi: Students, teachers attacked inside JNU campus

Aishe Ghosh, president of the JNU students' union who was seriously wounded in the attack, was present among the students when Padukone joined their protest.

Indian media reports said Padukone hugged Ghosh and stayed with the JNU students for about 15 minutes, but only had a brief chat with the student leader and did not address the crowd.

Ghosh, who was attacked by masked assailants on Sunday night, is among 20 students named in the first information report (FIR or police complaint) of the Delhi police on Tuesday.

'You should speak up'

Photos and videos on social media showed Padukone wearing a black outfit and standing behind a makeshift stage, while former JNU students' union president Kanhaiya Kumar addressed the gathering.

More power to you @deepikapadukone and thank you for your solidarity and support. You might be abused or trolled today, but history will remember you for your courage and standing by the idea of India. pic.twitter.com/q9WkXODchL— Kanhaiya Kumar (@kanhaiyakumar) January 7, 2020

According to The Wire website, after Padukone left, Ghosh in her address to the crowd said: "When you are in a position, you should speak up."

Padukone, who was in New Delhi for the promotion of her next film, Chhapaak, scheduled to release this Friday, is the biggest Bollywood star to express her solidarity with the JNU students.

On Monday night, nearly a dozen filmmakers and actors demonstrated along with hundreds of people in Mumbai against the attack on the university.

"I feel proud that we are not scared. I think to be able to express ourselves, I think the fact we are thinking about this and about the future of our country," Padukone told NDTV news channel on Monday.

"It is nice to see people are coming out on the streets to voice this and express [themselves]. Because if we want to see change, this is very important."

This picture speaks a thousand words! #DeepikaPadukone at the JNU protests in Delhi. #JNUUnderAttack pic.twitter.com/VJFnnOLAd2— Filmfare (@filmfare) January 7, 2020

Padukone's solidarity with the JNU students triggered #ISupportDeepika and #boycottchhapaak as the top two trends on Indian Twitter on Tuesday evening.

As part of a film industry where its top stars have been slammed for their silence on contentious political issues, many lauded the 34-year-old actress.

READ MOREDirector urges Bollywood Khans to speak up on India's new law

"Thank you @deepikapadukone for standing up for students and youth against fascist bullies. The times they are a changing!" tweeted former JNU student Umar Khalid as he urged India's top Muslim actors to speak out.

Bollywood's top Muslim stars - Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan and Aamir Khan - have been questioned for their silence on the contentious Citizenship Amendment Act passed by India's parliament last month.

Critics say the law violates India's secular constitution and is anti-Muslim. At least 27 people have been killed in nationwide protests against the law.

RT if you will Boycott Movies of @deepikapadukone for her Support to #TukdeTukdeGang and Afzal Gang pic.twitter.com/LN5rpwjDmT— Tajinder Pal Singh Bagga (@TajinderBagga) January 7, 2020

But the supporters of the BJP have called for a boycott of Padukone's next film, accusing her of supporting the "anti-national" students of JNU.

In 2017, Padukone was attacked for starring in a historical drama, Padmaavat, with a BJP leader putting a bounty of $1.5m on the heads of the actress and the film's director, Sanjay Leela Bhansali.


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA NEWS

Women film directors set a record in 2019: New study

Of the top 100 movies released in 2019, women took just under 11 percent of the directing roles, despite hitting record.

by Kelly Gilblom • Bloomberg
2 Jan 2020

A study published by the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative

 at the University of Southern California showed an increase

 in women at the helm in film directing, but not one was 

nominated for a Golden Globe in the directing or writing 

categories for the ceremony which will be held on Sunday, 

January 5, 2020, in Los Angeles 

[File/Chris Pizzello/The Associated Press]

FAST FACTS

Of the top 100 movies released in 2019, women took just under 11 percent of the directing roles.

The number of women directing major movies more than doubled to the highest mark ever last year, though they still only accounted for a sliver of those coveted jobs.

Women got almost 11% of the directing roles for the top 100 movies released in 2019, according to a study released Thursday by the USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative at the University of Southern California.






Improving diversity has became a major rallying cry across Hollywood, where women routinely have fewer opportunities than men. For example, there are no women nominated for their writing or directing at the Golden Globe Awards, scheduled to take place Sunday in Beverly Hills, California.

The USC Annenberg study showed that far fewer women get to compete for the biggest prizes, though films that have a female director garner slightly better critical reviews than those directed by men.

"The playing field in film is clearly gendered, with male directors gaining far more access and opportunity," the authors wrote.

A total of 113 people were attached as directors to those 100 movies, and 12 were women, the study showed. That's more than double last year's total.






Data are slightly better for racial diversity. Of the top 100 films last year, 19 had a person of color attached as a director, but that was a decline from 24 in 2018. Most of those were men.

Larger movie distributors tend to hire more female directors, with Universal Pictures and Warner Bros. accounting for the highest number since the study began with 2007 films. Still, even at the most diverse studio, Universal, only 15 of its 220 directors over 13 years were women, the study showed.

Rights groups call for federal inquiry into Mississippi prisons

The move comes after five inmates were killed in 10 days of violence in a prison system long dogged by understaffing.
Prisoner advocates are calling for a federal investigation into the Mississippi state prison system, following the most recent spate of violence. [File: Rogelio V Solis/The Associated Press]

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Prisoner advocates in the United States are calling for a federal investigation into the state of Mississippi's beleaguered prison system for possible civil rights violations, saying a recent spate of violence highlights deliberate violations of inmates' constitutional right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment.

Advocacy groups and media reports have detailed alleged abuses, including inhumane conditions, woefully understaffed facilities and neglect that have allowed gang violence to flourish in Mississippi prisons for years, but the most recent incidents, which include widespread rioting and five deaths at three facilities in 10 days, have again put the state's prison system under the spotlight.

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Mississippi, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as well as other rights groups, sent a letter Tuesday requesting the investigation to the US Department of Justice.
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The letter warns that "it is no exaggeration to say more lives will be lost absent immediate intervention."

"The Mississippi prison system is in a state of acute and undeniable crises, with five deaths in just the last 10 days, and a history of preventable deaths and injuries stretching back years," the 18-page complaint states. "Mississippi has acknowledged the danger presented by severe understaffing and horrific conditions, but has repeatedly failed to take appropriate action."

The letter was also signed by US Representative Bennie Thompson, Mississippi's only Democrat in Congress.

Mississippi prison officials, who were forced to call in state troopers and a special team of prison guards from Tennessee to help regain control during the most recent wave of violence, have said four of the five deaths are related to fighting between gangs.

The letter accuses outgoing Governor Phil Bryant and incoming Governor Reeves of" trying to shift blame" to prisoners by focusing on gangs instead of accepting that officials are to blame for the violence.

Bryant said on Monday he would welcome a federal investigation into prisons, but said federal officials should also investigate criminals and gangs in the state's crime-challenged capital city of Jackson and across the state.
Renewed attention on Mississippi's prisons

The most recent rioting and deaths have focused attention on a prison system that, by its own record-keeping, fills only about half its guard posts.

A series of investigations by Pro Publica and the Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting published last year found that a 2014 sentencing reform law aimed at reducing the prison population in the state had done little to fix the issues of underfunding and neglect.

Prison leaders are currently seeking tens of millions in additional funding to hire another 800 guards, but legislators have instead recommended a cut in operating funds for the three state-operated prisons, according to The Associated Press news agency.

The legislators also recommended spending the same amount as last year on three private prisons and 15 county-run facilities that hold state inmates.



WATCH25:52


Sick Inside: Death and Neglect in US Jails

Prison officials are also seeking money to renovate a decrepit maximum-security cell block at the Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman that was shuttered in 2010 as part of a settlement after the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sued the prison system, according to the Clarion-Ledger.

In response to the most recent violence, prison officials have reopened that unit, the newspaper reported, prompting further allegations of inhumane conditions.

Photos and videos posted on social media purport to show mould on the walls, non-working plumbing, and standing water on the floors, the newspaper reported. Another photo allegedly shows six inmates sleeping in a small cell with a single bed - five on the floor.

The letter that will be delivered to the Department of Justice on Tuesday cites the increasing number of deaths in state prisons in recent years, jumping from an average of 51 deaths a year from 2001 through 2014 to 85 deaths in the fiscal year 2018 and 80 deaths the following fiscal year. Those numbers include all, not just violent, deaths in custody.

The most recent violence is "directly linked to acute understaffing" and that funding has declined, the letter charged.

"The state has functionally divested from its correctional system, with deadly consequences for the individuals who live and work within that system," the letter said.
Alabama as example

The Justice Department had previously censured Alabama for" egregious" and"dangerous" understaffing at a time when Alabama had more prison guards per prisoner than Mississippi, the letter notes. A three-year federal investigation of Alabama's prisons concluded in April with a damning federal report and the threat of a federal lawsuit.



WATCH09:26


America's jailhouse journalists

The low number of staff in Mississippi prisons makes it impossible for guards to manage, the letter continues, noting that gang control and inmate-on-inmate violence "is the predictable and preventable result of abdication of control of the facility".

In sworn statements to the SPLC, inmates at South Mississippi Correctional Institution in Leakesville said that gangs assign inmates to cells and beds, control access to phones, determine where and when people may eat and shower, fine people who break gang-written rules and even conduct their own strip searches to locate stolen contraband, the letter said.

The letter also claims extended lockdowns may violate inmates' constitutional rights by leaving inmates "in conditions amounting to solitary confinement without access to basic privileges including recreation, showers, and visitation". The prison in Leakesville was on lockdown for almost all of 2019, citing a "severe shortage of correctional officers", with Corrections Commissioner Pelicia Hall saying in a January 2019 release that "we are operating in a pressure cooker type situation right now."

A year after RCMP's violent raid, Wet'suwet'en people fear repeat

Tensions rise as Wet'suwet'en leaders evict pipeline company from traditional territories in northern British Columbia.
by Jillian Kestler-D'Amours

Last week, a Canadian court granted an injunction to allow 

construction on the Coastal GasLink pipeline, prompting 

renewed fears of another violent raid by the country's RCMP

 [File: Michael Toledano/Al Jazeera]

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Montreal, Canada - It has happened, it will happen again and Wet'suwet'en land defenders say it could be worse than before.

Canada's federal police force, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), enforced an interim injunction in January 2019 against Wet'suwet'en group that had set up checkpoints and encampments on their traditional territories in northern British Columbia (BC) to block the construction of the contentious Coastal GasLink pipeline. That raid drew widespread criticism when it was recently revealed that the RCMP had authorised the use of lethal force to disperse the site.

"They're clearly willing to do whatever it takes to ensure that this pipeline gets built," Wet'suwet'en land defender Sleydo' (Molly Wickham) told Al Jazeera via phone.

Last week, a Canadian court granted an injunction to allow construction on the Coastal GasLink pipeline, prompting renewed fears of another violent raid.

The court's ruling instructs those Wet'suwet'en land defenders to allow Coastal GasLink to have undeterred access to build on their ancestral lands.

Sleydo' was there when heavily armed RCMP officers descended on the Gidimt'en Access Point, a checkpoint and encampment over 1,000km (621 miles) north of Vancouver, on January 7, 2019.

"It's new to the rest of the world, but it's definitely an ongoing experience and reality for us," said Sleydo', about the RCMP's tactics.

Heavily armed RCMP officers descended on the 

Gidimt'en Access Point in January 2019, according to 

Wet'suwet'en land defenders [Michael Toledano/Al Jazeera]

The Guardian, citing RCMP strategy notes, reported last month that the federal police officers were instructed to "use as much violence toward the gate as you want" during the dispersal, and an RCMP officer said arrests would be needed for "sterilising the site".

Sleydo', the spokeswoman for the Gidimt'en checkpoint, said she saw RCMP officers move in with a chainsaw to try to tear down the gate.

"We were screaming and yelling for them to stop," she told Al Jazeera. "You could just hear people screaming and yelling out in pain because their arms were about to be broken."
Land rights

The 670km (416 mile) Coastal GasLink pipeline will cut across vast swaths of traditional Wet'suwet'en territory, transporting natural gas from northeast BC to a terminal near the town of Kitimat, where it will be prepared for export overseas.

The company behind Coastal GasLink, TC Energy (formerly TransCanada Corp), has reached agreements with 20 elected First Nation bands along the pipeline's route, and the project has provincial permits to build. Construction activities began in early 2019.

But the pipeline has been met with staunch opposition from some members of the Wet'suwet'en Nation, including the hereditary chiefs who represent the community's various clans.

The hereditary chiefs have issued an eviction order to

 Coastal GasLink to vacate the area 

[File: Michael Toledano/Al Jazeera]

The hereditary chiefs - who under Wet'suwet'en law hold decision-making power over the nation's traditional territories - say that Coastal GasLink doesn't have their "free, prior and informed" consent, a principle set out in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

In a landmark 1997 case that involved the Wet'suwet'en Nation, the Supreme Court of Canada also found that indigenous claims to their traditional territories had not been extinguished in the area.

On Saturday, the hereditary chiefs issued an eviction order to Coastal GasLink to vacate the area. "Over the past year, Coastal GasLink has operated on our territories despite our opposition to the project," they said in a letter to the company.

"We must re-assert our jurisdiction over these lands, our right to determine access and prevent trespass under Wet'suwet'en law, and the right to Free Prior and Informed Consent … The denial of these rights has resulted in irreparable harm to the land and our people."

The Wet'suwet'en lay claim to 22,000 square kilometres of land, an area roughly the size of the US state of New Jersey.

Another encampment set up to reclaim and defend traditional Wet'suwet'en lands in the area slated for pipeline construction is the Unist'ot'en Camp, which was established in 2009.

The camp sits about 20km (12 miles) from the Gidimt'en checkpoint, and it counts a healing lodge and bunkhouse, among other structures, said Freda Huson, the camp's spokeswoman.

Huson said Wet'suwet'en law has largely been ignored in the ongoing dispute.

"They've pushed us off a majority of our 22,000 square kilometres as Wet'suwet'en people and the last two remaining territories my clan has left is the one we're protecting right now," said Huson about the camp.

"We're not protesters and this is not a blockade," she added. "It's a reoccupation of our traditional lands."
The raid

In its report, The Guardian said the RCMP during its January 2019 raid was prepared to use "lethal overwatch" - a term the newspaper said, citing an internal RCMP incident assessment, referred to an officer prepared to use lethal force - to dismantle the checkpoint in January of last year.

Sleydo' told Al Jazeera she saw at least three police snipers during the raid; the officers were holding what she described as "heavy duty", long-range weapons and they were watching everything through binoculars. Fourteen people were arrested that day.

"Knowing that they were watching every move and that they had these huge weapons to use on our people - it was traumatic," she said.

Another RCMP document stated that with "no exception, everyone will be arrested in the injunction area", The Guardian reported.
The threat of their extreme use of violence and force … hasn't gone away since the day of the raid. We're constantly under that threat and that pressure.

SLEYDO', WET'SUWET'EN LAND DEFENDER

Shortly after the checkpoint was cleared, then-Coastal GasLink President Rick Gateman said the company was "thankful that a peaceful resolution has been achieved" that would allow it to begin construction on the project.

While the Gidimt'en checkpoint has since been re-established, Sleydo' said RCMP officers regularly carry out surveillance activities and intimidate indigenous land defenders in the area.

"The threat of their extreme use of violence and force … hasn't gone away since the day of the raid. We're constantly under that threat and that pressure," she said.

"The RCMP I believe have no problem doing exactly what they did on January 7 again," Sleydo' added. "Any time that injunction order comes down, we could be facing the exact same situation that we did – or worse."
RCMP responds

The RCMP has faced a barrage of criticism since The Guardian's report was published, with New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament Charlie Angus calling for an investigation into the allegations and indigenous leaders urging Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to condemn the "planned violence".

When contacted for comment, Indigenous Services Canada referred Al Jazeera to the RCMP.

In an email on December 23, RCMP Spokeswoman Janelle Shoihet said the RCMP requested but was denied access to the documents The Guardian based its report on, and it has been unable to verify the claims.

"Whatever the source, the assertions made in the article do not in any respect reflect the spirit and intent of the direction of the RCMP commanders charged with planning and carrying out the court's direction, nor does it reflect what actually occurred," she told Al Jazeera.

"The RCMP will make every effort to facilitate protests and demonstrations that are peaceful, lawful and safe," Shoihet said.

A spokesman for Canada's Ministry of Public Safety told Al Jazeera in an email that it has raised the matter with the RCMP.

"We are committed to protecting the constitutional right to peaceful protest and are concerned by the unacceptable words and phrases that the Guardian reported were used," said the spokesman, Scott Bardsley.
The RCMP will make every effort to facilitate protests and demonstrations that are peaceful, lawful and safe.

JANELLE SHOIHET, RCMP SPOKESWOMAN

Bardsley added that under Canadian law police officers "are only allowed to use as much force as reasonable and necessary to enforce the law" and the use of force is subjected to internal and external reviews.

In its December 31 decision, the BC Supreme Court authorised the RCMP to enforce the latest Coastal GasLink injunction order, a measure Justice Marguerite Church said aimed in part "to inform the public of the consequences of non-compliance".

"The plaintiff acquired the permits and authorisations to conduct the work that it seeks to undertake," Church said in her ruling, referring to Coastal GasLink.

"The defendants may genuinely believe in their rights under indigenous law to prevent the plaintiff from entering Dark House [Unist'ot'en] territory, but the law does not recognise any right to blockade and obstruct the plaintiff from pursuing lawfully authorised activities."

The company said in a statement on January 5 that the court's decision "made clear that it is unlawful to obstruct or blockade Coastal GasLink from pursuing its permitted and authorised activities".

A day later, on January 6, Coastal GasLink said it anticipated that work on the pipeline right-of-way would resume and ramp up later this week.
'So much to lose'

For Huson at the Unist'ot'en Camp, the issue comes down to a need to protect the nation's traditional territories.

"RCMP ... has always been used to oppress our people and remove us off our land, and [so that] government can access the resources and do what their plans are, even if it means destroying our water, destroying our lands, destroying our way of life," she said.
If this is destroyed, we will be destroyed. We won't have places to go to practise who we are, to live as Wet'suwet'en people. We talk about genocide and coming at us with guns, but you destroy our land and our water, and we're as good as dead as Wet'suwet'en people.

SLEYDO', WET'SUWET'EN LAND DEFENDER

Huson said she was especially concerned by how the pipeline could affect the waterways that flow through the area and that help sustain the community as well as local wildlife, including salmon.

"We protect the headwaters that hit all the other Wet'suwet'en territory so that's what we've always been known for and we're still doing that today … We have so much to lose," she said.

"If this is destroyed, we will be destroyed," added Sleydo'. "We won't have places to go to practise who we are, to live as Wet'suwet'en people. We talk about genocide and coming at us with guns, but you destroy our land and our water, and we're as good as dead as Wet'suwet'en people."


SOURCE: AL JAZEERA NEWS