Friday, March 17, 2023

UK

NHS strikes: UK government, healthcare unions agree final pay offer


Three of the unions, Unison, GMB and the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), said they recommended their members accept the offer


The NHS Staff Council brings together NHS employers and unions representing staff, including nurses, paramedics and midwives (Photo:Getty Images)

By: Chandrashekar Bhat

Unions representing healthcare workers in England agreed a final pay offer with the British government on Thursday (16), potentially bringing an end to some strikes affecting the state-run National Health Service (NHS).

Prime minister Rishi Sunak has been under growing pressure to quell the worst run of worker unrest in the country since the 1980s, with strikes affecting almost every aspect of a normal life from healthcare and transport to schools and border checks.

“The government and the NHS Staff Council have completed negotiations and reached a final offer,” they said in a joint statement. “Both sides believe it represents a fair and reasonable settlement.”

The NHS Staff Council brings together NHS employers and unions representing staff, including nurses, paramedics and midwives. The agreement did not apply to junior doctors, who are engaged in a separate dispute with the government.

The offer still needs to be put to union members for their approval.

Three of the unions, Unison, GMB and the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), said they recommended their members accept the offer. Unite said it would pause strike action while members voted, but it was unable to recommend the offer.

“It is not a panacea, but it is real tangible progress,” RCN General Secretary Pat Cullen said.

The offer includes a one-off payment of two per cent of 2022/23 salaries and a five per cent pay rise for 2023/24, the government said. It will apply to more than 1 million people, including those who are not part of the unions.

Sunak said he was “really pleased” at what he called a “fair deal” reached after several weeks of talks.

“Importantly, this deal is also affordable for the taxpayer and continues to deliver on my promise to halve inflation,” Sunak said.

The agreement is a significant breakthrough, coming a day after half a million Britons went on strikes to coincide with the government’s budget. Last month, tens of thousands of nurses and ambulance service staff staged the biggest ever strike in the NHS’s 75-year history.

Previously the government said it could not meet workers’ demands for bigger pay rises to help cope with inflation’s surge above 10 per cent. Ministers had said doing so would be unaffordable and could drive inflation higher.

(Reuters)

NHS strikes: Pay deal signals end to wave of public sector strikes

The deal includes a 6 per cent lump sum for this year and close to 5 per cent for the next financial year

Health unions and the government have struck a breakthrough pay agreement that will see NHS nurses and paramedics suspend strike action after months.

It is hoped the breakthrough could open the door for deals in other sectors where the government is the employer.

Chancellor Jeremy Hunt, asked by Andrew Marr on LBC whether the deal could be beginning of a wider settlement of public sector pay, said: “I hope so. I mean, the Government’s attitude to all these groups of workers is the same, we would like to sit down and settle them reasonably but in a way that doesn’t risk the economic recovery of the country. And I hope today will be the start of that change.”

Mike Clancy of Prospect, which represents striking civil servants, said the NHS deal could provide a “template for unlocking disputes elsewhere in the wider public sector”.

It follows six days of talks between ministers and health unions, and months of industrial action in which walkouts disrupted hospital care and 999 calls.

The Prime Minister hailed the deal telling staff during a visit to a hospital in south London: “We’ve been working really hard at it, but we’ve managed to find a great agreement with the Royal College of Nursing and all the other unions to make sure you guys all get recognised and rewarded for the fantastic job you do for us.

“And do that in a way that works for us as well and is affordable, so we’re really pleased.”

But the deal saw the government tear up its red line on not opening talks on this year’s pay and can be considered a significant victory for the unions.

Rachel Harrison, GMB National Secretary, said: “Thanks to the strength and hard work of GMB’s NHS members, the Government has gone from refusing to talk about pay to putting an extra 2.5 billion pounds on the table for this year.

“GMB members should rightly be proud of themselves. It’s been a tough road but they have faced down the Department of Health and won an offer that we feel is the best that can be achieved at this stage through negotiation.

“If the offer is accepted then it would meet a key GMB demand of a huge pay uplift for the lowest paid to keep them well above the Real Living Wage.”

Mr Sunak said the money would not come from frontline resources but partly from non-clinical DH budgets and new money from Treasury.

Strike action will now be put on hold while hundreds of thousands of members are balloted over the offer, which applies to NHS workers in England.

The agreement – which is costing the government £2.5bn – does not include junior doctors, who are yet to join talks with the government over their pay dispute.

Nurses, ambulance workers, physiotherapists and other NHS workers will be awarded a one-off lump sum of 6 per cent for this year plus an enhanced pay offer for next year of 5 per cent.

The 6 per cent for this financial year consists of the 4 per cent already on the table, plus a one-off payment of 2 per cent the government has called an “NHS Backlog Bonus” worth at least £1,250 per person.

The 2023-24 offer is a significant increase from the 3.5 per cent on the table at the start of the strike action.

Health Secretary Steve Barclay called on junior doctors to follow the example of other health unions.

“We have offered the same terms to the junior doctors that were accepted by the other trade unions and that is what I hope the junior doctors will respond to,” he said.

And a No10 spokesman said: “We want to talk to those other unions where there are ongoing industrial action, but we’ve been clear that we want to see those paused before we start those talks.

UNISON head of health Sara Gorton said: “It’s a shame it took so long to get here. Health workers had to take many days of strike action, and thousands more had to threaten to join them, to get their union into the room and proper talks underway.

“But following days of intensive talks between the government, unions and employers, there’s now an offer on the table for NHS staff.

“If accepted, the offer would boost pay significantly this year and mean a wage increase next year that’s more than the government had budgeted for.

“This is better than having to wait many more months for the NHS pay review body to make its recommendation.

“UNISON will now be putting this offer to the hundreds of thousands of health members in the union in the next few weeks, recommending acceptance.

“In the coming days, health workers will have the chance to look at the full detail of what’s on offer and decide whether that’s enough to end the dispute. While that process takes place any planned industrial action will be paused.”

Unite general secretary Sharon Graham said: “Following months and months of unnecessary delay, the government finally gets into the negotiating room. They need to take full responsibility for their dither and delay, which has caused unnecessary pain to both staff and patients in the NHS.

“It is clear that the government has been forced into negotiations and the subsequent move, because of strike action and the support of the public for the NHS.

“The offer from government is not one that Unite can recommend to our members, but ultimately it is important that our members make the final decision. Unite will support members in whichever decision they now make. As Unite members are being consulted strike action will be paused.

“It is clear that this government does not hold the interest of workers or the NHS at heart. Their behaviour and disdain for NHS workers and workers generally is clear from their actions.

“Britain has a broken economy and workers are paying the price.”

NHS strikes suspended after new pay offer from British government

Ambulance members of Unison and Unite were due to strike next Monday and physiotherapists were going to walkout later this month but the action has been called off.


The breakthrough follows days of talks with the Government over the long-running dispute over pay (James Manning/PA)

Unions have suspended further strikes by ambulance and other NHS staff and will recommend acceptance of a new pay offer to NHS workers.

The breakthrough follows days of talks with the British government over the long-running dispute over pay which has led to a series of walkouts by nurses, ambulance crews, paramedics, hospital porters and other health workers in recent months.

Ambulance members of Unison and Unite were due to strike next Monday and physiotherapists were going to walk out later this month but the action has been called off.

Unison said the offer to NHS workers in England includes an additional one-off lump sum for 2022-23 that rises in value up the NHS pay bands.

This is worth £1,655 (€1,888) for staff at the bottom of band two (for example porters, cleaners and healthcare assistants), £2,009 (€2,292) for staff at the top of band five (nurses, midwives, physiotherapists), £2,162 (€2,467) at the top of band six (paramedics, health visitors, senior occupational therapists) and £3,789 (€4,300) for staff at the top of band nine.

There will be a permanent 5% pay rise on all pay points for 2023-24.

Ministers said they could guarantee there will be no impact on frontline services as the result of the pay offer.

There will be further discussions between DHSC and the Treasury over how it will be funded, the PA news agency understands.

Union members will now vote on whether to accept the deal.

Unison’s head of health Sara Gorton said: “It’s a shame it took so long to get here. Health workers had to take many days of strike action, and thousands more had to threaten to join them, to get their unions into the room and proper talks underway.

“But following days of intensive talks between the Government, unions and employers, there’s now an offer on the table for NHS staff.

“If accepted, the offer would boost pay significantly this year and mean a wage increase next year that’s more than the Government had budgeted for.

“This is better than having to wait many more months for the NHS pay review body to make its recommendation.

“Unison will now be putting this offer to the hundreds of thousands of health members in the union in the next few weeks, recommending acceptance.

“In the coming days, health workers will have the chance to look at the full detail of what’s on offer and decide whether that’s enough to end the dispute. While that process takes place any planned industrial action will be paused.”

Rachel Harrison, GMB national secretary, said the British government has gone from refusing to talk about pay this year to putting an extra £2.5 billion on the table.

She said: “GMB members should rightly be proud of themselves. It’s been a tough road but they have faced down the Department of Health and won an offer that we feel is the best that can be achieved at this stage through negotiation.

“If the offer is accepted then it would meet a key GMB demand of a huge pay uplift for the lowest paid to keep them well above the Real Living Wage.

“Progress has also been made on non-pay demands, such as addressing violence in the workplace.

“This offer is far from perfect, and of course our NHS workers deserve more. GMB’s national committee is recommending that the offer be accepted – but the final decision belongs to our members.

“Strike action will be paused until the outcome of the ballot.”

Elaine Sparkes, assistant director of employment relations at the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, said: “It is without question the case that the courage and determination shown by CSP members and other NHS staff in taking widespread strike action is what brought the government back to the negotiating table, albeit belatedly.

“For many months the government refused to discuss any additional pay rise for 2022-23, a position they have now had to reverse.

“We always aim for consolidated pay rises. This new offer equates to a one-off payment of around £2,000 for most NHS staff, in addition to the £1,400 consolidated rise already in place.

“Although non-consolidated, this would go some way to offsetting what will have been a very difficult winter for many.”

British Health Secretary Steve Barclay said “balance was required on both sides” to reach an agreement.

Asked why the Government had not offered something regarding this year’s pay at an earlier point in negotiations, he said: “We have listened to the concerns of the trade unions, we’ve had meaningful discussions with them. Both sides have engaged constructively.

“Obviously the starting position from a number of the unions was much higher and so both sides have worked together to reach a settlement which is both affordable to the wider taxpayer and then balances the very real pressures we recognise that NHS workers have been on.

“So balance was required on both sides, that is what the talks explored.”

British prime minister Rishi Sunak said the deal is “affordable for the taxpayer and continues to deliver on my promise to halve inflation”.

TUC general secretary Paul Nowak said: “As unions consult their members over the proposed NHS pay offer, it’s important to recognise the stand taken by each and every union member who took and voted for strike action over the last few weeks and months.

“It’s down to them that the Government finally came to the negotiating table.

“It’s now essential that ministers sit down for meaningful talks with education and civil service unions.

(PA Graphics)

“These disputes can be resolved if the Conservatives are willing to act in good faith and deliver on fair pay.”

Royal College of Nursing (RCN) general secretary Pat Cullen said: “The Government was forced into these negotiations and to reopen the pay award as a result of the historic pressure from nursing staff. Members took the hardest of decisions to go on strike and I believe they have been vindicated today.

“After tough negotiations, there are a series of commitments here that our members can see will make a positive impact on the nursing profession, the NHS and the people who rely on it.

“Our members will have their say on it and I respect everybody’s perspective. Each should look closely at what it means for them.

“As well as the additional money now, we have made real progress with the Government on safe staffing measures, a new pay structure for nursing, support for newly qualified staff and pensions too.

“It is not a panacea but it is real tangible progress and the RCN’s member leaders are asking fellow nursing staff to support what our negotiations have secured.”

The proposed NHS pay deal explained in full

The proposed deal comprises of a one-off payment for the current financial year plus a rise of 5% for most workers in 2023-24

by James McKay
16 March 2023


In return, the government wants to end to all strike action.

The government has made a formal pay offer to NHS workers following several weeks of “intense” negotiations with health unions.

Under the deal, NHS workers in England would receive a 2% non-consolidated pay rise and a so-called “Covid-recovery bonus” for the current financial year, plus a rise of 5% for most workers in 2023-24.

If the deal is agreed upon, the government wants an end to all industrial action for the duration of the agreement.


A “one-off” payment.

A one-off non-consolidated award payment would be made to all staff.

It will not contribute towards your ongoing annual salary and would be subject to deductions such as tax, national insurance and student loan contributions.

It is not yet clear when this payment would be made.

The pay rise.

The lowest-paid NHS workers will see a consolidated rise of 10.4%, with all other NHS workers receiving a flat rate of 5%.

It would be implemented from April 2023 and backdated if the deal is agreed upon after this date.

Your personal pay offer.

You can find out which Pay Point you are on by analysing our Agenda for Change pay calculator.

Non-pay elements


The government has also committed to implementing a number of other non-pay changes.

The NHS Long Term Workforce Plan will be published, which according to the Health Secretary will “ensure the NHS can recruit and retain the staff it needs in the future”.

A new pay spine will be created exclusively for all nursing staff, taking into account their skills and experience, with the intention of it coming into force for 2024/25.

They also pledged to address nursing career progression, violence and aggression at work, and make the NHS pay review body process more streamlined.
What happens next?

Health unions will ask their members to vote on if to accept or reject the proposed deal. You can download a copy of the full proposal.

Would you vote to accept or reject the deal?

Accept
46%

Reject
54%

Total Votes: 6888

Despite being significantly below the rate of inflation, most health unions, including the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and UNISON, are recommending its members accept the deal.




Unite response to NHS pay offer

Thursday 16 March 2023

Responding to the government’s new pay offer for NHS workers in England Unite general secretary Sharon Graham said:

“Following months and months of unnecessary delay, the government finally gets into the negotiating room. They need to take full responsibility for their dither and delay, which has caused unnecessary pain to both staff and patients in the NHS.

“It is clear that the government has been forced into negotiations and the subsequent move, because of strike action and the support of the public for the NHS.

“The offer from government is not one that Unite can recommend to our members, but ultimately it is important that our members make the final decision. Unite will support members in whichever decision they now make. As Unite members are being consulted strike action will be paused.

“It is clear that this government does not hold the interest of workers or the NHS at heart. Their behaviour and disdain for NHS workers and workers generally is clear from their actions.

“Britain has a broken economy and workers are paying the price.”

End of the NHS strikes in sight: Will other unions now agree to new million-pound pay deals?

16 March 2023, 23:27

The NHS pay deal has sparked hope of similar agreements for other striking workers
The NHS pay deal has sparked hope of similar agreements for other striking workers. Picture: Getty

By Kit Heren

A pay deal for NHS workers has sparked fresh hope that more strikes in other industries can be avoided, with the Chancellor and union chiefs hinting that similar agreements can be thrashed out.

A government spokesman announced on Thursday afternoon that a deal for nurses and ambulance workers had been reached, including a pay rise for 2022/23 and a pay settlement for 2023/24.

The offer consists of a one-off payment for the current financial year 2022/23 worth between £1,655 and £3,789 for Agenda for Change staff in England and a 5 per cent consolidated pay increase for 2023/24.

Unions are recommending members support the deal after weeks of talks aimed at stopping strikes. The Royal College of Nursing, Unison and the GMB have all said they are backing the deal.

And Jeremy Hunt told LBC he hopes that the government's NHS pay offer could lead to more breakthroughs among other public sector workers who have walked out in recent months.

NHS workers have been striking for months
NHS workers have been striking for months. Picture: Getty

Speaking to Andrew Marr on Thursday evening, Chancellor Mr Hunt said that he hoped the 5% pay rise offer to ambulance workers and nurses could lead to an end to walkouts among professions like teachers and civil servants.

"The government's attitude to all these groups of workers is the same, we would like to sit down and settle them reasonably but in a way that doesn't risk the economic recovery of the country," Mr Hunt said."And I hope today will be the start of that change."

Rishi Sunak also called on other striking public sector unions to call off their industrial action and get negotiating with the government.

"We want to have constructive dialogue with unions," the Prime Minister said during a visit to a south London hospital on Thursday.

Sunak called for other unions to begin negotiating
Sunak called for other unions to begin negotiating. Picture: Getty

"We are serious about finding fair and reasonable agreements on public sector pay. I think today's agreement demonstrates that.

"We don't want disruption for patients, we don't want disruption for schoolchildren in our classrooms.

"So please come and get round the table, I am confident we can find a way through this. Today's agreement demonstrates we are serious about this and we can find workable solutions."

The government spokesman said ministers and unions believe the NHS deal represents "a fair and reasonable settlement" that acknowledges the dedication of NHS staff, while acknowledging the wider economic pressures currently facing the UK.

"Those unions with mandates for industrial action, RCN, Unison, GMB, CSP, Unite and BDA, will now consult their members in consultations that will be held over the coming weeks. Strike action will continue to be paused while these ballots are ongoing," the spokesman said.

The government said the NHS would fund the pay rise itself, rather than the Treasury, although ministers said that no money would be diverted from frontline health services.

But the NHS has previously said it would have to cut back cancer services to cover pay rises out of its own budget. The Times reported that the Treasury could take extra money out of a contingency fund to make up any shortfalls.

Civil servants striking this week
Civil servants striking this week. Picture: Alamy

Other unions representing striking workers in professions like the civil service and education, as well as junior doctors, said the NHS deal could represent an "encouraging" precedent for pay deals for their own members.

Mike Clancy, general secretary of Prospect, said: "The deal being hammered out in the NHS by unions and the Government may provide a template for unlocking disputes elsewhere in the wider public sector.

"Yesterday, thousands of Prospect members took strike action across the civil service and wider public sector - our biggest action for more than a decade.

"This was after 80% voted for strike action on a 72% turnout, a result that should have been a wake-up call for ministers and officials and enough to trigger intensive negotiations.

"Our members are highly skilled professionals and are rightly sick of being treated as the poor relation to those doing similar jobs in the private sector and other parts of the public sector.

"They will be looking closely at what the Government has offered in terms of the NHS and expect the Government to pursue similar active negotiations with them."

Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, said it was encouraging that unions had secured a pay deal, the TES reported.

He added: “We remain hopeful that there will soon be a resolution in the education sector that addresses the serious concerns around pay and conditions and brings the industrial dispute to an end.”

Meanwhile Health Secretary Steve Barclay called on junior doctors to follow the example of other health unions which have settled with the Government and call off their industrial action and enter into talks on pay.

"We have offered the same terms to the junior doctors that were accepted by the other trade unions and that is what I hope the junior doctors will respond to," he said.

"But a request from them for a pay rise of 35% is not affordable. That is why we need to see from them the same sort of leadership that we have seen from the trade unions in the Agenda for Change contract."

Read more: Strike action paused as NHS unions and government reach deal on pay

Read more: Chancellor Jeremy Hunt ‘hopes’ for more strike-ending pay deals - as long as they 'don’t risk economy'

Doctors' union the British Medical Association welcomed an invitation to discuss pay and suggested a new meeting with the Government on Friday.

The BMA, whose junior doctor members were on strike this week, said negotiations should have started months ago.

UK
Labour Has Pledged To Axe Jeremy Hunt's Pension Tax Cut For The Rich

The chancellor handed the perk to high-earners in the Budget.

By Kevin Schofield
16/03/2023

Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt, meeting children during a visit to Busy Bees Battersea Nursery in south London, after delivering his Budget earlier. Picture date: Wednesday March 15, 2023.
STEFAN ROUSSEAU VIA PA WIRE/PA IMAGES

Labour has pledged to overturn a massive tax cut for the rich announced in yesterday’s Budget by Jeremy Hunt.

The chancellor abolished the cap on the amount of money professionals can put into their pension pot before they are hit with extra charges by the Treasury.

He said it was intended to prevent high-earners like doctors leaving the workforce once they have more than £1 million in their retirement funds.

But experts calculated that the move - which will cost the government around £1 billion - only benefits the top 1% of earners.

It means that people with more than £1.4 million in their pension pot are able to pay up to £150,000 less in tax.


Shadow chancellor Rachel Reeves this morning vowed that an incoming Labour government would reverse the move.

The party is also planning to force a Commons vote on the controversial policy.

Reeves said: “The Budget was a chance for the government to unlock Britain’s promise and potential. But the only surprise was a one billion pound pensions bung for the one per cent, a move that will widen the cost of living chasm.

“At a time when families across the country face rising bills, higher costs and frozen wages, this gilded giveaway is the wrong priority, at the wrong time, for the wrong people.

“That’s why a Labour government will reverse this move. We urge the Chancellor and the Conservative government to think again too.”

Labour said it would encourage doctors to stay in work by creating a targeted pension scheme, as the government has done for judges, rather than create a “free-for-all for the wealthy few”.
Their time to slime: who will be ‘Mollusc of the Year’?

By AFP
Published March 16, 2023

Micromelo undatus, colloquially known as the Wavy Bubble Snail, eats bristly ringworms -
Copyright Senckenberg Research Institute/AFP AKETA HERRERO BARRENCUA


Linnea Pedersen

Will you choose beauty? The carnivorous Wavy Bubble Snail, perhaps, with its billowing skirts shimmering under UV light. Or will it be age? Like the venerable 500-year-old Methuselah oyster.

Or will you be seduced by the leopard slug with its gymnastic mating ritual?

The list of finalists for Mollusc of the Year has something for everyone.

In a public vote ending Sunday, five species of soft-bodied invertebrates are vying to follow in the illustrious trail of previous winners, dubbed the “world’s most beautiful snail” and “weirdest octopus”.

The grand prize? The triumphant species will have its genome decoded to better understand its evolution and potential benefits to humanity.

The International Mollusc of the Year competition, which kicked off this month, is run by the LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, based in Germany.

Organisers have whittled down the field from 85,000 mollusc species, thanks to nominations by researchers from around the world.

By definition, pageant entrants have a head, an intestine sac and a muscular “foot” for motion.

The animal group is one of the most diverse in terms of shapes, sizes, habitats and behaviours, ranging from the deep sea colossal squid to garden slugs.

Molluscs have been around for more than 500 million years and are the second largest phylum of animals after insects.

But they are shrouded in mystery. “Of all invertebrates, molluscs are most valued by man, but surprisingly are an often neglected phylum in genomic research,” laboratory manager at the LOEWE Centre TBG Carola Greve told AFP.

The contestants may be boneless, but this year’s competition is stiff.

To help voters navigate the ballot, here’s a rundown of the nominees:


– Punk slug –

Opalescent nudibranch • Hermissenda crassicornis - Biodiversity of the Central Coast (centralcoastbiodiversity.org)

Hailing from the rocky intertidals of the US Pacific coast, the thick-horned nudibranch is surely the most “punk” of the finalists.















The stunning sea slug is the length of a matchstick, gleams like frosted glass, and has a signature shock of neon orange and white striped “horns”.

Used for respiration, these outgrowths are also loaded with venomous stinging cells poached from prey it consumes.





















Decoding its genome would yield insights on the learning process — the species has a simple nervous system used to study conditioned behaviours, associative learning, and memory formation.

– Giant of the deep –



Looking for the secrets to long life?

The giant Methuselah oyster can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) across and has a record-breaking five-century lifespan.

But the coy clam did not have a scientific name until 2009 due to its preference for living at difficult-to-reach depths of around one kilometre in the Atlantic and Mediterranean oceans.



Its larvae begin life as nomads before cementing themselves to protective surfaces that become hanging oyster reefs over time.

Decoding its genes would produce insights into its extraordinary longevity.



– Psychedelic snail –


If this election turned on appearances, the Wavy Bubble Snail would be a frontrunner.

The only thing more psychedelic than its name is its electric rainbow edged-body, yellow shell and white spots.














“They are like small candies in a vast ocean filled with invertebrate predators,” the nominating researchers told AFP.

In the shallow intertidal pools of the Atlantic Ocean it calls home, this tiny species is nearly impossible to detect.

But the captivating carnivore — it eats tiny bristly ringworms — has hidden talents: it glows green and red under UV light.

Its genetic code could unravel the evolutionary processes that lead to snail-specific structures and their jump from oceans to terrestrial environments.


– Plucky paramour –



The nocturnal leopard slug is the sole land-dweller slinking into the top five.















Known as the “gardener’s friend” because of its taste for debris and fungi, the mollusc has an appealing brown and black pattern, can grow up to 20 centimetres long, and is often kept as a pet.

“Do you know of any other animal that — after courting for a few hours — will climb a tree together and rappel down afterwards just for intercourse?” said the nominating team.

Despite its leisurely pace, this hermaphrodite slug has spread from Europe to most other parts of the world.

A vote for studying the leopard slug genome would shed light on its successful adaptation, especially under climate change.



– ‘Loco’ –



Last but not least is the Chilean abalone, also known as “loco” in its South American home waters.

A top predator and keystone species, this rugged sea snail with a shell length of up to 15 centimetres is also a worldwide delicacy.

If it wins, unlocking loco’s genome could reveal immunotherapy treatments for certain cancers, and insights on how to protect marine invertebrates from overexploitation and pollution.
















The victorious mollusc will join the 2021 winner the Greater Argonaut octopus — known as the paper nautilus because females produce a thin shell to shield their eggs — and 2022’s spectacular Cuban painted snail.




CLIMATE CRISIS
Niwa scientist in 'no doubt' climate change behind Cyclone Gabrielle's intensity

15 March 2023
Hamish Cardwell, senior journalist
@HamishCardwell hamish.cardwell@rnz.co.nz


The Cyclone Gabrielle weather event was so extreme residents of Hawke's Bay had to be rescued by helicopter and boat from their roofs. Photo: RNZ / Jemima Huston

A group of local and international scientists say climate change played a role in the devastating rainfall from Cyclone Gabrielle that claimed lives and wrought massive destruction.

Their rapid analysis - the first time something like this has been done - found human-caused warming was driving increased rainfall, and made extreme rainfall events more likely.

Niwa principal climate scientist Dr Sam Dean said a staggering amount of rain had fallen.

"This was a gigantic, gargantuan event and I have no doubt whatsoever in my mind, across my experience of my life as a climate scientist, that climate change has influenced that event."

Dean is part of a group of local and international researchers who have found the warmer planet has made very heavy rain like the cyclone 30 percent more intense, and about four times more common in the region.

He has some discomfort about such concrete figures - their study was done at speed, and the amount of data available and complications with climate models means their was variability in their findings.

But the results were bolstered by rigourous analysis and were backed by previous studies.

The scientists could find no plausible explanation other than human-caused warming for the observed increase in heavy rainfall.

University of Waikato environmental science senior lecturer Luke Harrington said: "We're confident that the amount of rainfall associated with Cyclone Gabrielle was more intense because of anthropogenic climate change.

"But we cannot yet provide a precise answer as to precisely how much more often we will witness similarly intense rainfall events."

Victoria University Climate Change Research Institute professor Dave Frame said after extreme weather events there was often speculation about the role of climate change.

The faster you can bring scientific evidence to bear the better, he said.

"To use Churchill's old line, you know it's a question of the truth getting its pants on faster, you can actually get out there and and lock off some of the silliness.

"Even if later we do more studies and revise things and develop a more mature understanding, this sort of thing can can help with that first response."

Meanwhile, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre advisor Julie Arrighi said human decisions about where to do farming and forestry also made the cyclone damage worse.

"Land use changes that reduce soil stability or combined with deforestation can increase runoff and contribute to impacts."

Imperial Collage London researcher Friederike Otto said it showed the need to mitigate, and reduce emissions.

"It means that every additional bit of warming will make these kind of events worse.

"And therefore, I think showing that climate change is not something that happens sometime in the future or to someone else, but actually affects people ... everywhere around the world today.

"And that therefore it's really not something that we can debate about for another 30 years before starting to act."

After huge events like this, there was a window to make changes to reduce the risk in the future, Otto said.

While this study had not been peer reviewed, the methods and protocols used to generate the findings had been, she said.
PAKISTAN




Dial K for ‘Khakistocracy’

The fourth estate has a sacred responsibility to the people. It should not continue to be selective in its outrage when it comes to matters of principle.
DAWN
Published March 17, 2023 

An age-old children’s tale has recently started seeming like the perfect metaphor for our latest experiment with democracy.

The story goes like this: A king was once presented with robes so fantastic that only the wisest people in his land could see them. The king eagerly clothed himself in these wondrous threads before presenting himself to his subjects to see whether they too were smart enough to admire them. As he paraded through their ranks, all he could hear was the people murmuring their praises. It took a small child to finally blurt out what the gathered crowd dared not say: “The emperor had no clothes!”

A year ago, the two main components of our political system undertook a similar change of clothes. While the army swapped khaki for a more ‘neutral’ shade, parties from across the political spectrum fashioned themselves as the Pakistan ‘Democratic’ Movement. Together, they would go on to overthrow the ‘puppet prime minister’ of the ‘hybrid regime’.

The return of ‘true democracy’ heralded the restoration of the primacy of the Constitution and the supremacy of our Parliament. We were told that the political system would heal as it slowly returned to its ‘Purana Pakistan’ normalcy.

Few among those in this country who consider themselves wise questioned the legitimacy of the incoming regime. The assurance that the PTI government was being ousted through a vote of confidence — in other words, parliamentary procedure — was enough. Short shrift was given to how the votes required for the VOC were actually rounded up.
In with the old

And so the country was returned to the wise old hands of Pakistan’s democratic elite. These were people whose sacrifices for our right to self-rule had no parallel — those who introduced ‘Democracy is the best revenge’ and ‘Vote ko izzat dau’ to our political parlance. We had been delivered, or so we were told. Turns out, we were once again having the wool pulled over our eyes.

There is an excellent Twitter account, titled ‘The Cultural Tutor’, which shares fascinating curations from the history of western civilisations. It recently shared a list of political systems to ask followers which one they lived in.




The list began with democracy — rule by the people — and had some rather interesting inclusions, such as isocracy, algocracy and ochlocracy. It ended with kakistocracy — rule by the worst, the least qualified and most unscrupulous citizens.

It was difficult, as a born and raised underseas Pakistani, to make an honest choice. After all, our political system isn’t exactly on the continuum of the various paradigms that evolved from the Greek tradition.

For example, no matter how loudly we may insist otherwise, our democracy’s most recent iteration does not even represent the aspirations of the majority. In fact, it does not seem to want those aspirations to be expressed at all.

The country cannot also be described as a plutocracy, and it seems unfair to dismiss it as a kakistocracy, no matter how strong the temptation to do so. More importantly, nothing in that list captured the role of our military ‘establishment’ in political affairs, which has either overtly or covertly ruled the country for much of its history and seemingly continues to do so despite all pretensions to the contrary.
The powers that be

Sharing that last thought with a dear friend proved greatly upsetting for their continence. They protested that our new government’s reversion to the pseudo-fascistic tendencies of the old regime ought not to be pinned on the boys.

I begged to disagree. No civilian government in its right mind dares defy straightforward, self-evident constitutional edicts with impunity, not least one that has squandered most of its political capital. No organ of the state risks inviting contempt charges by refusing their constitutional duty. You do not just bin both court and Constitution unless a greater force has provided guarantees to protect you from the consequences of doing so.

The institutions of our state are known for perpetual sloth, not the energy and enthusiasm with which they have recently sought to serve and execute warrants of arrest for cases predestined for the ash heaps of history. Such alacrity has usually been seen only in times when someone needs to be taught a lesson for defying the true powers that be.
Democracy with no clothes

The wise among us may continue not acknowledging the obvious, but it is high time someone pointed out that our democracy has no clothes. We are, in fact, being ruled by yet another khakistocracy, and one that would be little different from a full-blown kakistocracy but for that strategically placed ‘h’.

One wonders why this clever portmanteau hasn’t been used more often in the Pakistani context. Hybrid regime stopped being an insult the moment our civilian leaders started boasting about sharing same pages with their uniformed overlords. The sting got taken out from ‘puppet prime minister’ when it became evident that all our leaders are eager to give an arm and a limb to be marionettes as long as they can pretend to be kings while at it.

The normalised hypocrisy of our political class, when in power and when without, has eroded any sense of democratic propriety in our people. The decay is now getting worse. As many have persistently pointed out, you cannot save democracy by suspending or subverting it. Here, it is the means that must justify the ends, not the other way around.

There is little point lamenting the proto-fascism taking root in this nation’s youthful populace if our intelligentsia will continue to fail them in providing a working moral compass with which they can navigate their increasingly hostile world. The fourth estate has a sacred responsibility to the people. It should not continue to be selective in its outrage when it comes to matters of principle.

The author is a member of staff.



PAKISTAN

Perfect storm?
The economic and political crises are not isolated events.

Faisal Bari 
Published March 17, 2023 




SOME economists and other commentators have been arguing that the economic/financial crisis that we are facing, though serious, is relatively easy to fix. All we have to do is to a) implement and raise the right taxes and reduce the wrong ones, and b) reduce overall expenditure while raising expenditure targeted at the poor and development and cutting other expenditure by a lot.

The right taxes mentioned in this context are property tax and taxes on real estate, agricultural income tax, and taxes on the income of traders and other groups who are currently not in the tax net.

At the same time, there should be a reduction in indirect taxes like flat taxes on services, sales tax and taxes on imports. The idea, clearly, would be to increase direct taxes on those who are able to pay while reducing them for those who cannot, and therefore should not be paying taxes.

On the expenditure side, the idea would be of overall reduction in expenses by moving to more targeted subsides for the poor, the removal of subsidies, of which there are many for the rich, and the removal of inefficiencies on the expenditure side.


The overall thought is that if by doing the above the government can remove the fiscal deficit, over time, as we run surpluses, the problem of twin deficits (foreign currency and domestic fiscal deficit) will become more manageable.


The economic and political crises are not isolated events.

Sounds simple enough. But we have known all this for decades now. Economists and policymakers have been talking about agricultural income tax, taxes on real estate and property, and taxes for traders for at least 30-odd years.

And we have also been talking of making government efficient and re-prioritising expenditures for the poor, and for development in general and human development in particular for a long time as well. But all this has not happened. Clearly, it is not so easy to do it then.

The real question is why have we not been able to do what has been mentioned here? When we raise taxes, and we do it all the time, why is the focus on indirect taxes and usually in presumptive or advance mode? Why have we not been able to reduce subsidies for the rich?

Why do we have a large sugar industry when we have known for a long time that it is a waste of water and other resources and the land under sugarcane cultivation can be utilised better for other purposes? Why do we still end up protecting and subsidising the 50-odd richest families who have sugar mills? And it is the same story in a number of other areas as well. For instance, why has it been so hard to tax real estate?

We currently face a political crisis as well. Democracy is limping badly; the hybrid governance arrangements, once a stable equilibrium for the elite, have been destabilised due to the entrance of new players. It is not known what the new arrangement will be and when it will become clear, if at all.

I argue that the economic and political crises are not isolated events that have come at the same time by mere coincidence. The two are connected. At the root of it are factors of political economy that have been and are driving these dynamics. For long, our polity has been ‘rule of the few, by the few, for the few’.

Those ‘few’ have been called the ‘elite’ by Ishrat Husain, and are now being called ‘one per cent’ by Miftah Ismail. It is the rule of those who have had the resources and the power, supported and bolstered by aspirants to those resources and power. It includes the top tier of politicians, bureaucrats, the military and judiciary, business folk and the landed: resources and power.

The elites make sure that the rules are made to enrich them further and to confirm the entrenchment and continuation of their interests. This may sometimes be done through illegal means, but most of the time it is done using the law. Judges, bureaucrats and army officers get plots and land legally. The Toshakhana usage was legal. Subsidies and/or protective measures for the sugar or automobile industry have been legal.

At the same time, the structures have worked hard to control society and to undermine the development of all institutions and movements that have or could threaten their control. The education curriculum is controlled to ensure a certain narrative about religion and nationalism. Mass media and social media are used for this purpose as well.

The development of political parties, grassroots mobilisation, democracy, media and civil society have all been undermined again and again in our society. Student unions in most provinces are banned even today. This has made mobilisation and/or organisation of the masses a lot more difficult. It has also made the development of strong institutions that are needed to underwrite democratic development in a country that much harder as well.

Is it any wonder then that governance has broken down? And we have not been able to implement ‘simple’ solutions that could solve the economic problems we currently face? It is naïve to think that solutions and their implementation is ‘simple’.

The structures that have given rise to these problems cannot be the ones that provide us with the solutions as well. For change to take place, something has to give. It might happen, as the crises deepen, that the elites and the institutions that protect them start fighting amongst themselves for scarce resources. Maybe that will break down the current equilibrium.

The current economic and political crisis might be an early sign of the coming battle. Maybe this will bring about the change in structures that we need.

Many other countries have faced similar crises and some have resolved them successfully as well. But this does not mean that all can. It just shows that it can be done, though the solutions for each country tend to be context specific. We will have to forge our own path here. At the moment this looks like a hard climb.

The writer is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives, and an associate professor of economics at Lums.


Published in Dawn, March 17th, 2023

CULTURE: THE DIVINE MUSIC OF KASHMIR

Mubashar Naqvi 
Published March 12, 2023
Kashmiri Sufi music occasions the coming together of locals in the valley | Photo by the writer

Nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas, the beautiful valley of Kashmir is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, serene lakes and snow-capped mountains. But, there is more to this region than just its natural beauty.

The valley of Kashmir is also home to a rich musical tradition that has been passed down many generations and through centuries. Among the various forms of music that are native to this region, Kashmiri Sufi music emerges as very captivating and soul-nourishing.

The roots of Sufism in Kashmir can be traced back to the 13th century, when the legendary Sufi saint Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali arrived in the valley from Central Asia. He is known to have played a crucial role in spreading the message of Islam through his mystical teachings and, particularly, his use of soulful music.

The followers of Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali, also known as Nund Rishi, developed a unique form of music that combined the traditional folk music of Kashmir with the mystical teachings of Sufism. This music is known as Kashmiri Sufi music.

The rich and vibrant tradition of the mystical music of Kashmir is slowly becoming a relic of the past in Azad Jammu and Kashmir

KASHMIRI SUFI

Kashmiri Sufi music is characterised by its soulful lyrics, haunting melodies and mystical themes. The lyrics of Sufi music are often inspired by the teachings of the Sufi saints and poets, who believed in the power of music to connect with the Divine — symbolising love, compassion, and tolerance. The music is also deeply rooted in the folk culture of Kashmir, and the lyrics often incorporate elements of nature, love and spirituality.

The music is performed by a group of musicians who use traditional instruments such as the santoor, rabab and harmonium, along with traditional Kashmiri percussion instruments such as the tumbaknari and the dholak.

Kashmiri Sufi music is also characterised by its meditative and trance-like quality. The repetitive rhythms and hypnotic melodies of the music are designed to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy in the listener. This is achieved through the use of ‘call-and-response patterns’, where the lead singer chants a line and the chorus responds with a repeating phrase or melody.

One of the most unique features of Kashmiri Sufi music is its emphasis on improvisation. While the basic structure of the music is often pre-determined, individual musicians are given the freedom to improvise and add their own personal touches to the music. This improvisation creates a sense of spontaneity that is rare in other forms of music.

One of the most important aspects of Sufi music is the devotional qawwali. Characterised by its repetitive rhythms, and with lyrics often including verses from the Quran, as well as the teachings of the Sufi saints, the qawwali is an integral part of the Sufi tradition and it is believed to have the power to heal and soothe the soul.

“Kashmiri Sufi music has a special place in my heart,” says Zia Naqvi, an educationist and photographer who hails from Multan, and is currently based in Islamabad.

He says he connects deeply with Kashmiri Sufi music.

“It is a profound and spiritual form of expression that speaks to the deepest parts of the human soul. It has the power to uplift and transport us to a higher state of consciousness, connecting us to something greater than ourselves. To me, there is nothing quite like the experience of listening to Sufi music in the beautiful landscape of Kashmir, surrounded by the majesty of the mountains and the peacefulness of the valley.”

MUSICALLY DIVIDED

Across the Line of Control, the popularity of Kashmiri Sufi music has grown significantly over the years, and many music festivals are organised in Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir throughout the year, showcasing the talents of local musicians and promoting the rich musical heritage of the region.

One of the most popular music festivals is the Sufi Music Festival, which is held annually in the month of October in the Indian-held valley. The festival attracts music lovers from all over the world.

Unfortunately, there has been little cross-border exchange of music among Kashmiris. The few offerings that have materialised have been primarily in the Kashmiri language, which is now understood by a diminishing number of individuals in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK).

While a handful of liberation-themed songs have garnered some degree of fame, they cannot be regarded as representative of the transcendent Sufi music tradition that has played such a crucial role in the cultural identity of the Kashmiri people.

RELIC OF THE PAST?

The land of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is a hidden gem in the Himalayan region, blessed with breathtaking natural beauty and a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down through centuries. Yet, as time marches on, the people of this region seem to be losing touch with their roots, neglecting the very essence of what makes them unique.

In particular, the hauntingly beautiful strains of Kashmiri Sufi music, which have long been a staple of the region’s cultural identity, are being forgotten and neglected, as if they were mere relics of the past.

Some other factors are also threatening the enchanting rhythms of Kashmiri Sufi music in AJK. The conflict-ridden region has led to the curtailment of cultural activities and weakened the social and religious structures that have long supported Sufi music. Moreover, the rise of conservative ideologies also dismisses music and artistic expression as un-Islamic, further driving younger generations away from Sufi music.

Globalisation has also introduced Western musical influences, prompting a shift in the musical preferences of Kashmiri youth towards modern genres and leaving the mellifluous tunes of Sufi music to languish. This has put Sufi musicians in a precarious position, with limited opportunities to share their art.

It is a tragedy that such a rich and vibrant tradition, which has touched the hearts and souls of so many generations, should be allowed to fade away into obscurity, without so much as a second thought.

“Kashmiri Sufi music is not just music,” says social activist and documentary film producer Zahid Nisar. “It’s a language of the heart that speaks of love, peace and harmony. In a world that’s increasingly divided, we need more of such music that unites us and reminds us of our shared humanity.”

The beauty of Kashmiri Sufi music must be preserved, cherished and shared with the world, so that it may continue to inspire and uplift all those who hear its divine melodies.

The writer is based in Muzaffarabad and writes on culture, tourism and higher education. He tweets @SMubasharNaqvi

Published in Dawn, EOS, March 12th, 2023