Sunday, October 01, 2023

In face of corporate behemoths, an indie music festival thrives

2023/10/01
The All Things Go festival kicked off its 2023 edition on Saturday at Maryland's historic Merriwether Post Pavilion ampitheater, with headliners including Lana Del Rey, boygenius, Maggie Rogers and Carly Rae Jepsen, who is performing here

Columbia (United States) (AFP) - Back in 2006, Spotify was a nascent start-up, your average stateside concert tickets went for $40 and many fans learned about the best new music from blogs like All Things Go.

Nearly twenty years later, most people find new artists via algorithms and the average US concert ticket costs $250 -- double what it was just five years ago.

All Things Go, however, has grown into a thriving indie music festival in a world where live events are increasingly owned by a handful of companies.

Now in its ninth year, the festival -- whose name derives from a Sufjan Stevens lyric -- embodies the same ethos as that of music blogging's turn-of-the-millennium heyday.

It focuses on emerging artists while prioritizing the experience of live performance over creating viral moments or appealing to social media influencers, both now dominant forces at more corporatized festivals.

The event kicked off its 2023 edition on Saturday at Maryland's historic Merriweather Post Pavilion amphitheater, spanning two days for the first time, with a women-led bill and headliners including Lana Del Rey, boygenius, Carly Rae Jepsen and Maggie Rogers.

The festival's founders first began transitioning from their corner of the internet to live venues by holding monthly club nights in Washington DC, hosting artists who were popular on their blog.

They held their inaugural festival at Washington's Union Market in 2014, later expanding to the Capitol Waterfront in 2016 before moving in 2021 to Merriweather, which can host up to 20,000 people per day.

"I think for us it really is about the music," co-founder Stephen Vallimarescu told AFP. "It's about creating the experience where you want to see the artist at noon as much as you want to see the headliner at 10:00 pm."

And with two stages "we basically set it up so that you can see every single band on the bill."

That's a far cry from the experience fans get at festivals like Coachella, where hundreds of thousands of people gather annually in the California desert for two three-day weekends featuring dozens of artists and six stages, with overlapping set times.

At that event, music is not the only draw: there are giant Instagrammable sculptures, a Ferris wheel, special food and drink attractions, celebrity and influencer-filled VIP tents and after-parties.

All Things Go's organizers are going for a more boutique vibe, said Vallimarescu.

"It is pretty unique to look at our community -- like these are music fans who go to 10, 20, 30 shows a year, and they come to the festival early," he said.

"They're there for the music, they're not there for Ferris wheels, or Instagram posts."
Consolidating festival market

It's no small feat to host an independent music festival these days. All Things Go certainly isn't the only event of its kind, but the landscape is increasingly dominated by giant live performance promoters like AEG and Live Nation, the two largest in the world.

In 2018, a group of indie festivals in Britain decried Live Nation's dominance of the industry there, accusing the California-based behemoth of practices including exclusivity deals with venues that "stifle competition."

In 2022, Live Nation -- which in addition to controlling significant swaths of the touring industry also owns Ticketmaster, the American ticketing titan -- recorded $16.7 billion in revenue, promoting 43,644 events including concerts and festivals worldwide, according to data compiled by Statista.

Most major music festivals are under the umbrella of Live Nation -- Bonnaroo, Lollapalooza and Isle of Wight among them -- or AEG, which owns the company behind Coachella.

Vallimarescu noted that many indie festivals folded as the performance industry took a major hit, especially post-pandemic.

"The reality is that the larger festival ecosystem is very much being consolidated," said fellow co-founder Will Suter.

"Globally it's the reason you see kind of the same headliners across most of festival lineups these days."

All Things Go has lasered in on indie rock, a strategy Suter said works to help it stay competitive in the corporate-dominated festival scene.

"Doubling down on our genre, and really offering value to the consumer that justifies the ticket price" is a goal, he said, with the hope that fans are interested in 12 to 16 artists on the lineup, can actually manage to see them all, and are enticed to come back.

Tickets to All Things Go this year ranged from $105 to $500, the pricier end being heavy on perks.

The festival has also stood out by booking mostly women and non-binary artists -- from the headliners down the bill -- in an industry that's still heavily biased towards men.

Suter praised fellow indie festivals across the United States "that are working day in and day out" to keep live music accessible and eclectic.

"It's a community, including with shoulders to cry on," he said.

"It's cool to see different independent festivals still working."

© Agence France-Presse
Americans celebrate Jimmy Carter's 99th birthday as he receives hospice care
2023/10/01


By Jeff Mason

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Americans celebrated the 99th birthday of former President Jimmy Carter this weekend, with the White House putting up a wooden cake display on its north lawn and the Carter library in Georgia hosting a party for the public.

Carter, a Democrat who served as U.S. president from January 1977 to January 1981, is in hospice care after deciding in February to decline additional medical intervention. He turns 99 on Sunday.

In Atlanta, the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum hosted a celebration that it said would feature cake, games, trivia and a food truck. The party was moved up to Saturday ahead of a possible government shutdown that could start around midnight on Sunday.

Back in Washington, a three-tiered wooden cake display, decorated in the red, white and blue colors of the American flag and featuring 39 candles in recognition of Carter's being the country's 39th president, festooned the White House lawn with a "Happy Birthday President Carter" message.

Carter, who was born on Oct 1, 1924, has lived longer after leaving office than any former president in U.S. history. He has garnered worldwide admiration for his post-presidency humanitarian work and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

Carter has faced health challenges in recent years, including melanoma that spread to his liver and brain, but he has continued to show resilience, even after his decision to start hospice care.

He and his wife, Rosalynn Carter, who has dementia, took an outing a week ago to attend the annual peanut festival in their hometown of Plains, Georgia.

Carter's grandson Jason told the New York Times that the former president faced physical limitations and was "coming to the end," but was home, with his wife, and at peace.

(Reporting by Jeff Mason; Editing by Leslie Adler)









© Reuters
Lake Tahoe’s biggest champion, Dianne Feinstein, secured its beauty for future generations

2023/09/30
Lake Tahoe during the 22nd annual Lake Tahoe Summit, at Sand Harbor State Park, near Incline Village, Nevada, on Aug. 7, 2018. 
- Cathleen Allison/Las Vegas Review-Journal/TNS

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Lake Tahoe’s internationally revered blue waters — once described “the fairest picture the whole earth affords” by humorist Mark Twain — could instead be muddy brown if not for the late senior senator from California, who died Friday at the age of 90, environmental advocates said.

Sen. Dianne Feinstein, who spent her childhood and adult life in the mountainous region, was the “biggest champion Tahoe ever had and will ever have,” said Amy Berry, the CEO of the nonprofit Tahoe Fund. The state’s longest-serving U.S. senator secured more than half a billion dollars to keep Lake Tahoe from environmental harm.

“She used to say ‘Tahoe is in her blood,’” Berry said.

It was Feinstein’s sharp political acumen that brought Tahoe’s environmental threats to the national spotlight. Protecting Tahoe’s famed clarity was a symbol of protecting the environment, said Darcie Collins, the CEO for the League to Save Lake Tahoe, the oldest environmental organization tasked with protecting its waters commonly known for its slogan “Keep Tahoe Blue.”

“If we cannot protect Tahoe, what can we protect?” Collins said of the message at the time.

Feinstein spearheaded the 1997 Lake Tahoe Presidential Summit, now an annual event, and persuaded then-President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore to attend. Their appearances helped to spark the efforts behind the Lake Tahoe Restoration Act passed in 2000, said Geoffrey Schladow, the director of Tahoe Environmental Research Center and a professor in the department of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis.

Schladow added that Feinstein was an acute politician who leveraged federal funding to secure state and private monies for conservation efforts.

The restoration act is up for renewal again in Congress, this time through 2034.

Schladow said Feinstein took the environment personally — she allowed weather instruments to be attached to her private boat dock to collect real-time data.

Feinstein and her late husband, Richard Blum, who died last year, wrote the first checks for Tahoe Fund and came to fundraiser dinners, Berry said. She emphasized the bipartisanship needed behind supporting the efforts of Lake Tahoe.

Tahoe stretches across California and Nevada, which led Feinstein to work with Nevada Sen. Harry Reid, who was the Senate majority leader and other stakeholders from both states, said Julie Regan, the executive director of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. The respect Feinstein commanded from her colleagues, Regan said, helped to keep the protecting lake a nonpartisan issue.

Rep. Tom McClintock, R-Calif., noted in a statement Friday that Feinstein helped support legislation that saved the city of South Lake Tahoe from the destructive 2021 Caldor fire.

“We couldn’t have done it without her,” he said.

Collins noted more than 100,000 boats have been inspected over 25 years for the destructive quagga mussels, preventing the invasive species from running afoul. Keeping the lake clear is directly related to Feinstein’s dedication to Tahoe, Regan said, who remembered the times Feinstein would carry a pipe teeming with mussels on Capitol Hill to remind them of what could happen without their help.

“Tahoe is blue thanks to her,” Collins said.

Dianne Feinstein, D- Calif., at a lunch hosted by the Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce convention Center in Riverside, California, in October 2017. - Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/TNS

© The Sacramento Bee
'Will try to kill people': Expert warns Trump is using a known tactic to pass down marching orders

Adam Nichols
October 1, 2023 

Brian Klaas (MSNBC Screengrab)

A political analyst warned Sunday that Donald Trump’s followers “will try to kill people” as the former president’s violent rhetoric ramps up – and it's increasingly being normalized.

Brian Klaas, an associate professor in global politics at University College London, told MSNBC’s The Sunday Show with Jonathan Capehart that, while the nation apparently isn’t taking Trump’s threats seriously, a group of his followers is hanging on every word.

And Klaas warned that they will take action

“It has become the banality of crazy incitements of violence, a sort of normalcy,” he said.

He detailed recent outbursts from Trump: “You have him, you know, suggesting that you could execute America's top general. On Friday night, he joked about Paul Pelosi being attacked, the crowd laughed when he was referencing, you know, sort of an 82-year-old man being hit in the head with a hammer.

“He called to execute people who shoplift from stores, a very minor crime. One we need to take seriously, but not one where they should face execution. He has demonized a number of people in his outburst on Truth Social, and in front of crowds.

"This is related to a term called stochastic terrorism. It's an academic jargon term, what it basically means is that when someone who is very powerful and influential targets or demonizes individual groups in the public, at least a small number of their followers will take them as marching orders.

“What is highly likely, going into the 2024 election, a small subset of Trump's very well-armed extremists base will try to kill people.”

Watch the video below or at this link.


'Authoritarian' GOP has become 'dependent on violence for its identity': historian

Alex Henderson, AlterNet
September 30, 2023 

Paul Gosar (AFP)

During a Thursday, September 28 speech in Arizona, President Joe Biden paid tribute to the late conservative Sen. John McCain (R-Arizona) and sounded the alarm about the threats that "MAGA Republicans" pose to democracy in the United States.

Biden's tone was not anti-conservative. He was joined onstage by McCain's widow, conservative activist Cindy McCain, and Biden fondly recalled his years working with John McCain in the U.S. Senate. But the president attacked the MAGA movement as dangerously authoritarian — a warning that author/history professor Ruth Ben-Ghiat agreed with during an appearance on MSNBC's "The ReidOut" a few hours after Biden's speech.

Ben-Ghiat, known for her expertise on authoritarianism and her book "Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present," told liberal host Joy Reid, "We really need to take very seriously how this fusion between the Proud Boys and all these other extremist groups is going on. And so, this is part of the GOP's trajectory to become an autocratic party."

When Reid mentioned that former Rep. Paul Gosar (R-Arizona) joined former President Donald Trump in suggesting that Joints Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley should be executed, Ben-Ghiat responded, "Unfortunately, for us, in America…. we only have these two parties. And one of them has become an authoritarian party that is dependent on violence and on corruption for its identity."

READ MORE: Busted: Trump's fascist coup exposed again

Watch the video below 

Emails exposed Kansas police chief trying to find a law to justify his raid on a local newspaper

Sarah K. Burris
October 1, 2023

Photos: Official police photo/LinkedIn and via Mario County Police Facebook page.

The Messenger has obtained emails exposing the Marion County Police Chief trying to invent a justification for raiding the local newspaper.

The news site filed an open-records request seeking the emails of suspended cop Gideon Cody as he searched for a law that would enable him to get the FBI to back him up on a wide-ranging subpoena.

Cody, who joined the force after he said he was retiring from the Kansas City Police Department, began his work in June 2023. The documents include all emails beginning at that time as well as messages sent between city officials that were attached to the emails.

According to the Marion County Record, the owners were raided over a "tip" that the newspaper was going to write about a local restaurant owner, Kari Newell, who was accused of having a DUI and driving without a license. The source said that the local police were aware of it and ignored the violation. The newspaper didn't write the story, but reporters used the Kansas Department of Revenue website to confirm information about the accusations, the Kansas Reflector explained. The KDR website is public.

Newell later "acknowledged the accuracy of the information and said she understood that coming forward with allegations about it might expose the information rather than preserve its confidentiality."

The reporter then told police about the allegations they'd received. They did not seek out the information; it was merely sent to them along with Marion Vice Mayor Ruth Herbel, who was also raided.

The police chief claimed that they believed the reporters were engaged in criminal behavior based on a "tip." That criminal behavior he alleged was obtaining the information from the KDR website he claimed was unauthorized and illegal.

According to the documents obtained, Cody was searching for ways to allege wire fraud among the crimes committed for the information. In an email to Marion County lawyer Joel Ensey, titled "Crimes?" Cody asks if the paper violated the Driver Privacy Protection Act (DPPA) by looking up the information. The federal law governs the release of DMV records.

"He told Ensey that his understanding is that the DPPA 'establishes guidelines and restrictions on the release, use, and disclosure of personal information collected by DMVs, including driver’s license and motor vehicle records' — and that, in his interpretation, the newspaper might have committed wire fraud by entering the business owner's information into the website, accessing her records, and selecting an incorrect answer when asked for the 'verification of your eligibility to receive the requested records,'" said the Messenger report.

"Obtaining a DMV (Department of Motor Vehicles) report by falsely clicking on a reason for download, especially if done with the intent to deceive or defraud, could potentially be considered a form of wire fraud," Cody continues, according to the report.

The raid happened three days later.

The Kansas Department of Revenue released a statement after the raid saying it isn't illegal to access the records on their website.

See the text of the emails found here.
New book adds weight to view that play is vital for baby brain growth

2023/10/02

A child's body and brain is designed to be playful, and a new book illustrates that parents can facilitate the learning process by supporting playtime as early as possible. Mascha Brichta/dpa

When babies play, it not only keeps them amused and occupied, it helps their brains develop and mature in ways that are vital for later life.

The reasons why are set out in a new book called "The Brain That Loves To Play", in which Middlesex University’s Jacqueline Harding argues against any play-learning dichotomy.

"It seems that the young child’s body and brain are literally designed to be playful, and this is crucial for its development," Harding says, adding that play should not be seen solely as recreation.

She warned against anything that limits toddlers' ability to enjoy themselves, saying, "children are naturally wired to play and any sustained deviation from this masterful design comes at a price."

Rather, when at play, the child’s brain "starts to 'jump' and light up with joy as connections between neurons make impressive progress."

"Does this experience count as learning? Absolutely yes," Harding says. She adds that the Covid lockdowns mean there needs to be greater emphasis on play, for those youngsters who have lived through "such unprecedented times."

Doctors and health officials have also been promoting play as central to a child’s physical and intellectual growth.

"During play, children will learn to move, balance and lift things," according to Ireland’s Health Service Executive, which said play also "helps children develop their memory, thinking and reasoning skills."

"Evidence suggests that play can help boost brain function, increase fitness, improve coordination, and teach cooperation," according to Stephen Suomi of the National Institutes of Health in the US.


"Children are naturally wired to play and any sustained deviation from this masterful design comes at a price," writes Middlesex University’s Jacqueline Harding. Christin Klose/dpa

© Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH


CBS host laughs in Kevin McCarthy's face after he claims Democrats want to shut down government

David Edwards
October 1, 2023 

CBS/screen grab

CBS host Margaret Brennan laughed out loud after House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) claimed Democrats "tried to do everything" they could to force a government shutdown.

While speaking to Brennan on Face the Nation, McCarthy blamed Democrats for problems passing a temporary government funding bill.

"I wasn't sure it was going to pass," he remarked. "You want to know why? Because the Democrats tried to do everything they can not to let it pass."

Brennan responded with laughter.

"Democrats were the ones who voted for this in a larger number than Republicans to keep the continuing resolution alive," she said.

"Did you watch the floor yesterday?" McCarthy asked.

"Yes," Brennan replied. "Ninety Republicans voted against it."

"OK, so let's walk through what actually happened," McCarthy responded. "First of all, the Democrats stood up and did dilatory actions, asked to adjourn. So was that supporting to adjourn? Then they used the magic minute. They went as far as pulling the fire alarm, not to try to get the bill to come up."

"We are going to make sure we keep it open while we finish the job we're supposed to do," he added.

Watch the video below from CBS.
PRIVATEERS OF HEALTHCARE
Longtime ally splits with GOP over culture war issues: 'We continue to see an attack on science'

Travis Gettys
September 30, 2023 

Doctor issues prescriptions to woman (Shutterstock)

The American Medical Association has split with the Republican Party over culture war issues.

The nation's most influential doctors' group has long aligned with the GOP on regulation and other topics, but disagreements on abortion, transgender care, gun rights and climate change has found Republican lawmakers accusing the group of practicing "wokeism," reported Politico.


“They do have some issues and some credibility to regain with those who practice,” said Rep. Greg Murphy, (R-NC), a urologist who co-chairs the GOP Doctors Caucus, who took a shot at the AMA's “social justice and equity agenda.”

One lobbyist for health providers said GOP lawmakers and staffers react to almost any mention of the AMA with an eye roll, while another lobbyist who represents a physician group said their employer hesitates to work with the AMA due to its reputation among conservatives.

“Their credibility is so diminished that it’s a liability,” that lobbyist said, adding that Republicans often ask: “What the hell is with the AMA?”

AMA president Jesse Ehrenfeld said the group has been forced to speak out against Republican attacks on science and due to concerns about gun violence.


“We continue to see an attack on science and evidence-based medicine,” Ehrenfeld said, "and we will always stand up for the science.”


But the AMA continues to donate generously to Republican candidates despite their opposing views on many social and health issues to avoid cuts to Medicare payments to doctors, which the group has warned could lead physicians to stop treating those patients.

Cuts to Medicare reimbursements would be “existential threats to our profession and to our patients," warned former AMA president Jack Resneck in his farewell address.



Mega project raises questions about psychological scientists’ accuracy in predicting societal change



How accurate are psychological scientists in predicting societal change? A series of four studies published in American Psychologist suggest that psychologists are no better at such predictions compared to laypeople.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought with it media appearances of psychologists discussing their predictions regarding what changes we ought to expect in various domains of life. However, these predictions were often outside their area of expertise. Across a series of four studies, Igor Grossmann, PhD (@psywisdom) and colleagues looked into the accuracy of psychologists and laypeople in predicting future societal change and compared these predictions to what unfolded in the real world.

“My interest in this topic stemmed from the lack of insight about how scientists viewed and anticipated major societal risks like pandemics in the past. In this and related projects (such as WorldafterCovid and the Forecasting Collaborative) I wanted to explore how scientists think such major societal shifts may unfold, assess the accuracy of these forecasts, and identify areas where predictions have been more or less successful,” said Grossmann, a professor of psychology at the University of Waterloo.

“By examining whether and how serious scientists made predictions about such uncertain events like the pandemic, and investigating how public intellectuals and scientists engaged with the media at the onset of the pandemic, my team also sought to uncover the domains in which predictions were made, thereby aiming to enhance the understanding of scientific accuracy and how it can be improved.”

Study 1 examined psychological scientists’ discussion regarding the pandemic in the news media, utilizing The Coronavirus Corpus which included over 1.8 million texts of news content containing an interview with an academic psychologist regarding the pandemic. A total of 169 unique articles were retained, which included 719 unique judgments from 213 different scientists (e.g., impact of pandemic on child development).

Study 2 was conducted in two parts. In part one, 401 scientists from 39 countries made forecasts in April 2020 regarding societal change due to the pandemic. This included cultural change in the United States across 11 domains, such as generalized trust, expected birth rates, delay of gratification, among others (verbatim questions can be found here).

Participants made their forecasts for 6 months, 1 year and 2 years into the future, with response options ranging from a 50% or greater decrease to a 50% or greater increase. Of the 11 domains that were tested, accuracy of predictions was reliably assessed for seven (including “polarization, traditionalism, individualism, trust, climate change, life satisfaction, and depression”). Participants also indicated one psychological or social issue in the United States that was not mentioned in the study, but that they believed would evolve in the coming months/year.

Part two of Study 2 was conducted after the initial peak of COVID-19. This included another group of 316 psychological scientists from 26 countries. At the same time, a sample of 394 participants who were nationally representative of the United States were recruited via Prolific. The procedure was approximately the same as that of part one.

However, alongside the 11 domains of Study 2, participants also predicted changes for four additional domains (e.g., charitable giving). In addition to predicting change, participants also provided confidence ratings of their predictions on a scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Reliable benchmarks of accuracy were attainable for 10 of the domains (including “loneliness, charitable giving, violent crimes, polarization, traditionalism, individualism, trust, climate change, life satisfaction, and depression”).

Study 3 was also conducted in two parts. A total of 411 laypeople and 270 scientists were prompted to provide retrospective judgements of change and confidence ratings for the same domains as in Study 2. Specifically, they provided an estimate of the amount of change they perceived on a given issue compared to six months prior. Participants also indicated the types of information they considered when providing their judgments.

In Study 4, 203 participants were prompted to consider scientists, practitioners and laypeople, and rate how accurate they would be when predicting societal change throughout the COVID-19 pandemic across the various domains of interest (e.g., life satisfaction, loneliness). They also indicated who they would prefer to hear recommendations from regarding the societal issues tackled in this project (e.g., scientist with expertise in epidemiology, practitioner with expertise in social work, average american, for a total of 10 groups to consider).

“The average person should understand that psychological scientists’ predictions regarding societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be no more accurate than those of laypeople,” Grossmann told PsyPost.

“Despite their formal training and expertise, these scientists often based their judgments on intuition and heuristics rather than empirical evidence. This work also showed that neither specific expertise nor experience significantly improved the accuracy of these ‘off-the-cuff’ predictions. This underscores the complexity of forecasting societal responses to unprecedented events like the pandemic. At the same time, and in contrast to laypeople, scientists were more uncertain about their predictions, thus showing a sign of ‘meta-accuracy’ – they were potentially more aware of their limitations.”

An important question that emerges from this work is how to improve scientists’ predictive accuracy regarding societal effects of major events such as the pandemic.

“In this project, the lack of accuracy in predicting societal changes is not confined to one domain or level of expertise, raising questions about the underlying reasons for these inaccuracies. More investigation is needed to determine how psychological scientists can improve their forecasting abilities, perhaps by implementing models that focus on prediction-oriented designs rather than solely relying on post-hoc explanations,” Grossmann explained.

“We must also explore how to use psychological expertise in ways that take uncertainty into account and how biases like negativity bias might be corrected in both expert and policy considerations. Finally, this project does not examine what happens when scientists make predictions as a group or by relying on formal modeling of past data – a typical way many scientists operate; this question was addressed in a parallel Forecasting Collaborative initiative we ran in parallel, results from which appeared in Nature Human Behaviour this year (and were similarly disappointing).”

The researcher added, “I would like to emphasize that while the study found shortcomings in the predictive capabilities of psychological scientists, it doesn’t diminish the importance of psychological/social science in informing public understanding and policy – after all, in this study people expect scientists to be at the decision table and they were more aware of uncertainty associated with making societal predictions.”

“The findings also highlight the need for improved methods of prediction and communication of uncertainty in times of crisis. Future work should explore ways to enhance accuracy, including training strategies at both institutional and individual levels.”

The research, “On the Accuracy, Media Representation, and Public Perception of Psychological Scientists’ Judgments of Societal Change”, was authored by Cendri A. Hutcherson, Konstantyn Sharpinskyi, Michael E. W. Varnum, Amanda Rotella, Alexandra S. Wormley, Louis Tay, and Igor Grossmann.

© PsyPost
The fight over a 'dangerous' ideology shaping AI debate

Agence France-Presse

Artificial Intelligence AI (WANG Zhao/AFP)

Silicon Valley's favourite philosophy, longtermism, has helped to frame the debate on artificial intelligence around the idea of human extinction.

But increasingly vocal critics are warning that the philosophy is dangerous, and the obsession with extinction distracts from real problems associated with AI like data theft and biased algorithms.

Author Emile Torres, a former longtermist turned critic of the movement, told AFP that the philosophy rested on the kind of principles used in the past to justify mass murder and genocide.

Yet the movement and linked ideologies like transhumanism and effective altruism hold huge sway in universities from Oxford to Stanford and throughout the tech sector.

Venture capitalists like Peter Thiel and Marc Andreessen have invested in life-extension companies and other pet projects linked to the movement.

Elon Musk and OpenAI's Sam Altman have signed open letters warning that AI could make humanity extinct -- though they stand to benefit by arguing only their products can save us.

Ultimately critics say this fringe movement is holding far too much influence over public debates over the future of humanity.

- 'Really dangerous' -

Longtermists believe we are dutybound to try to produce the best outcomes for the greatest number of humans.

This is no different to 19th century liberals, but longtermists have a much longer timeline in mind.

They look to the far future and see trillions upon trillions of humans floating through space, colonising new worlds.

They argue that we owe the same duty to each of these future humans as we do to anyone alive today.

And because there are so many of them, they carry much more weight than today's specimens.

This kind of thinking makes the ideology "really dangerous", said Torres, author of "Human Extinction: A History of the Science and Ethics of Annihilation".

"Any time you have a utopian vision of the future marked by near infinite amounts of value, and you combine that with a sort of utilitarian mode of moral thinking where the ends can justify the means, it's going to be dangerous," said Torres.

If a superintelligent machine could be about to spring to life with the potential to destroy humanity, longtermists are bound to oppose it no matter the consequences.

When asked in March by a user of Twitter, the platform now known as X, how many people could die to stop this happening, longtermist idealogue Eliezer Yudkowsky replied that there only needed to be enough people "to form a viable reproductive population".

"So long as that's true, there's still a chance of reaching the stars someday," he wrote, though he later deleted the message.

- Eugenics claims -

Longtermism grew out of work done by Swedish philosopher Nick Bostrom in the 1990s and 2000s around existential risk and transhumanism -- the idea that humans can be augmented by technology.

Academic Timnit Gebru has pointed out that transhumanism was linked to eugenics from the start.

British biologist Julian Huxley, who coined the term transhumanism, was also president of the British Eugenics Society in the 1950s and 1960s.

"Longtermism is eugenics under a different name," Gebru wrote on X last year.


Bostrom has long faced accusations of supporting eugenics after he listed as an existential risk "dysgenic pressures", essentially less-intelligent people procreating faster than their smarter peers.

The philosopher, who runs the Future of Life Institute at the University of Oxford, apologized in January after admitting he had written racist posts on an internet forum in the 1990s.


"Do I support eugenics? No, not as the term is commonly understood," he wrote in his apology, pointing out it had been used to justify "some of the most horrific atrocities of the last century".

- 'More sensational' -

Despite these troubles, longtermists like Yudkowsky, a high school dropout known for writing Harry Potter fan-fiction and promoting polyamory, continue to be feted.

Altman has credited him with getting OpenAI funded and suggested in February he deserved a Nobel peace prize.

But Gebru, Torres and many others are trying to refocus on harms like theft of artists' work, bias and concentration of wealth in the hands of a few corporations.

Torres, who uses the pronoun they, said while there were true believers like Yudkowsky, much of the debate around extinction was motivated by profit.

"Talking about human extinction, about a genuine apocalyptic event in which everybody dies, is just so much more sensational and captivating than Kenyan workers getting paid $1.32 an hour, or artists and writers being exploited," they said.