WHO declares Egypt malaria-free after 100-year effort
Mosquitoes cling to the inside of a jar loaded with repellent during a test as part of a tour -
Copyright © africanewsDavid Zalubowski/Copyright 2024 The AP. All rights reserved.
By Rédaction Africanews
Egypt has officially been declared free of malaria by the World Health Organization (WHO), a major success for the country. The WHO called this achievement "truly historic."
Malaria has been a problem in Egypt for thousands of years, but now the disease is part of the past. WHO chief Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, "Malaria is as old as Egyptian civilization, but it no longer exists in the country."
Egypt started working to get rid of malaria nearly 100 years ago. To be declared malaria-free, a country must show that no local transmission of the disease has happened for at least three years.
Malaria still kills over 600,000 people every year, mostly in Africa. But Egypt is now one of 44 countries and one territory around the world that have eliminated the disease. It is also the third country in the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region to achieve this, after the United Arab Emirates and Morocco.
The WHO praised Egypt for its efforts but warned that the country must stay alert to keep malaria from returning. The organization explained that Egypt's work to fight malaria began in the 1920s when they started limiting crops like rice that attract mosquitoes.
Malaria is caused by a parasite carried by mosquitoes. While vaccines are now being used in some areas, the best ways to prevent malaria are still avoiding mosquito bites and closely monitoring the disease.
Europe to Train Doctors on Effects of Climate Change on Health
Climate change has reached the medical field. Europe has launched a new training program that aims to prepare young doctors to respond to health problems exacerbated by climate change. A network of experts will teach doctors-in-training about climate-related diseases.
According to The Guardian, mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria will become a bigger part of the curriculum at medical schools across Europe due to the climate crisis.
Future doctors will also have more training in heat stroke recognition and treatment and will be expected to consider the climate impact of treatments such as asthma inhalers.
The impact of climate change on disease
Glasgow University’s Dr. Camille Huser, co-chair of ENCHE (European Network of Climate and Health Education) said: “The role of climate in teaching at medical schools varies widely and often consists of a single module or lecture.” The network predicts that in the future it will be “infused” into all teaching.
“Climate change…is not necessarily creating a whole new set of diseases that we haven’t seen before, but it’s exacerbating the ones that exist,” Huser said.
“Diabetes, for example, is not something that people associate with climate change at all, but the symptoms and complications are becoming more common and worse for people living in a world where the climate has changed.”
New treatments
Students are also being taught to support various activities such as walking or cycling instead of driving and “green prescribing,” whereby doctors encourage patients to take part in activities such as community gardening and tree planting. Both offer health benefits to individuals and are favorable for the environment.
Encouraging people to take care of their health has “huge benefits for them personally,” Huser said but also “will reduce emissions if they require less input from the health care system.”
He added that many people don’t realize that the health care sector is responsible for as many or more greenhouse gas emissions than the airline industry. “When you fly somewhere, you feel very guilty, but when you go to the doctor, you don’t feel guilty.”
What kinds of health-related climate change effects might future doctors see?
Students will see how changes in the way an event is managed might have an impact. For example, the inhalers used to treat asthma emit greenhouse gases, so keeping the condition under control not only benefits the patient but also reduces the use of inhalers.
Some patients may be able to switch to dry powder inhalers, which emit fewer greenhouse gases if the devices are deemed suitable for them.
Although there have been piecemeal initiatives at the institutional level, network leaders say this is the first collaborative effort to focus on teaching medical students.
The network will also seek to influence national curriculum-setting bodies, such as the General Medical Council in the UK, to make the climate crisis a mandatory part of all physician training programs.
What is the goal of the network?
Huser’s co-chair, Professor Iain McInnes, also of the University of Glasgow, said the network’s aim is to “embed the debate into medical curricula so that future doctors are literate in this debate and don’t feel that this is an election issue.”
“This is as central and critical to their thinking as dealing with obesity, smoking and other environmental challenges,” McInnes said. “It’s just part of the DNA of being a physician.”
Climate change to affect health of all
ENCHE will serve as a regional hub for the Global Consortium for Climate and Health Education (GCCHE) at Columbia University’s School of Public Health in New York.
Professor Cecilia Sorensen, the director of GCCHE, said: “ENCHE is one of the most important training institutions in the country: Climate change will affect us all, everywhere, but not equally and not in the same way.”
“Regional networks are essential to help health professionals anticipate and respond to climate and health challenges that are unique to the communities where they practice,” Sorensen concluded.
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