Tuesday, December 10, 2024

President’s push to scrap gold mining ban causes outcry in El Salvador


By AFP
December 9, 2024

An artisanal miner holds ore extracted from the abandoned San Sebastian mine in Santa Rosa de Lima, La Union department, El Salvador, on December 5, 2024
 - Copyright AFP Daniela RODRIGUEZ

Carlos Mario MARQUEZ

El Salvador’s gang-busting strongman President Nayib Bukele has set out on a new mission: to kickstart his country’s sputtering economy by inviting back the mining companies that were barred seven years ago.

El Salvador was the first country in the world to ban the mining of metals in 2017, warning of the harmful effects of the chemicals used in mining, like cyanide and mercury.

The move by Bukele’s predecessor, former left-wing rebel Salvador Sanchez Ceren, reflected the growing rejection of mining by rural communities in central America, devastated by the industry’s adverse health and environmental effects.

Costa Rica and Honduras have both banned open-pit mining and Panama declared a moratorium on new mining concessions last year after mass protests over plans for a huge copper mine.

But on November 27, the populist Bukele signaled he wanted to change course.

In a series of posts on the social network X he claimed that El Salvador, a country of 6.6 million people, had “potentially” the largest gold deposits per square kilometer in the world.

“God placed a gigantic treasure underneath our feet,” he wrote, arguing that the mining ban was “absurd.”

Bukele cited a study — written by unknown authors and which he did not publish — that he said showed that mining a mere 4 percent of the country’s gold deposits would bring in $131 billion, “equivalent to 380 percent of GDP.”

“If we make responsible use of our natural resources, we can change the economy of El Salvador overnight,” he added a few days later.



– ‘Huge risk’ –



Since El Salvador dollarized its remittances-reliant economy in 2001, it has registered annual growth of between just 2 and 3.5 percent.

Twenty-seven percent of Salvadorans live in poverty, according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and 70 percent of the workforce operates in the informal sector.

Bukele, in power since 2019, took a huge gamble by investing hundreds of millions of dollars of taxpayer money in bitcoin and making the cryptocurrency legal tender in 2021 — the first country in the world to do so.

But most Salvadorans have shunned the cryptocurrency. Additionally, the country’s adoption of bitcoin hampered Bukele’s talks with the International Monetary Fund over a $1.3 billion loan.

He now appears to be pinning his hopes for a recovery on mining.

But he faces a stiff challenge from environmentalists who have won several victories over mining companies.

“It’s one thing to put a mine in the Atacama Desert (in Chile) and another thing to open an open-pit mine in Chalatenango,” said Pedro Cabezas, leader of the Central American Alliance Against Mining.

Chalatenango is a community north of the capital San Salvador that successfully opposed a gold mine project in 2006.

Antonio Pacheco, of the Association of Economic and Social Development NGO, which has pioneered the fight against mining, said that Bukele’s proposal to mine areas along the mighty Lempa River, which supplies water for San Salvador, represented a “tremendous risk” to residents.

– ‘Generate employment’ –

In the former gold mining town of Santa Rosa de Lima, where US miner Commerce Group had its environmental licence revoked in 2006 over river pollution, Bukele’s plan elicited a mixed response.

“I think that this could cause the area to prosper… it would generate employment,” Ruben Delgado, a 55-year-old construction worker, told AFP.

Jose Torres, a 72-year-old artisanal miner who extracts gold nuggets from disused mining tunnels by hand, said he feared losing his income to multinationals.

The nearby San Sebastian River was contaminated by industrial mining, and remains polluted to this day as artisanal mining continues.

Economist Carlos Acevedo, former president of the Central Bank of El Salvador, commented that the “spectacular” figures presented by Bukele created the impression that El Salvador “is sitting on a gold mine.”

He said that the 50 million ounces of gold touted by Bukele as a fraction of the country’s reserves could pay off El Salvador’s external debt — which accounts for 85 percent of GDP — four times over.

But he added that there was “no recipe for generating growth from one day to the next” and that any boon for El Salvador would depend on how much royalties mining companies paid.

ELDORADO

El Salvador sitting on $3 trillion worth of unmined gold, president says

Staff Writer | December 10, 2024 |


Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez, the 81st president of El Salvador. Credit: Casa Presidencial, Wikimedia Commons

El Salvador, which became the first country in the world to ban metals mining, could be losing out economy-changing wealth due to its massive unearthed gold deposits, says its President Nayib Bukele.


In a speech earlier this week, Bukele said that the Central American nation is sitting on unmined gold worth as much as $3 trillion, which is roughly over 8,800% of its current GDP. “We’ve also found gallium, tantalum, tin and many other materials needed for the 4th and 5th industrial revolution,” Bukele said.

This lost value, Bukele said, could be used to help clean up El Salvador’s rivers. According to government data, about 95% of the rivers in El Salvador are contaminated, and Bukele argues that the focus should be on cleaning up those rivers, instead of preventing further pollution by banning mineral extraction.

His predecessor, former left-wing rebel Salvador Sanchez Ceren, imposed the mining ban in 2017 following pressure from rural communities who had expressed concerns about harmful chemicals like cyanide and mercury used in mining practices.

Now, Bukele, the first President not elected as a candidate of one of El Salvador’s two major political parties since 1989, has set out to revoke this ban. Through his official X account, he has been repeatedly pointing to the massive economic benefits of the nation’s natural resources.

Prior to his recent speech, Bukele made a series of posts highlighting El Salvador’s gold potential, including an uncited study which showed the country has “potentially” the largest gold deposits per square kilometer in the world.



“God placed a gigantic treasure underneath our feet,” he wrote on X, adding that the mining ban was “absurd.”

Bukele went on to say that mining just 4% of the country’s gold deposits would bring in $131 billion, equivalent to 380% of its GDP.

“If we make responsible use of our natural resources, we can change the economy of El Salvador overnight,” he wrote a few days later.

However, as his predecessor and other Central American nations have recently found out, any pro-mining proposal would be met with strong opposition.

“It’s one thing to put a mine in the Atacama Desert (in Chile) and another thing to open an open-pit mine in Chalatenango,” Pedro Cabezas, leader of the Central American Alliance Against Mining, told AFP this week.

A potential lift of the mining ban would not be the first radical change under Bukele’s leadership. In 2021, he passed a law that made bitcoin legal tender, making El Salvador the first nation to do so.


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