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Sunday, June 21, 2026



Five things resettlement orgs want you to know this World Refugee Day

(RNS) — As the U.S. welcomes individuals from all over the globe to celebrate the world’s game, most refugees remain largely shut out. On this World Refugee Day, faith-based resettlement organizations say caring for the stranger is a spiritual concern.


Pastor Jennifer Castle joins others outside the U.S. District Court after a federal judge blocked President Donald Trump’s effort to halt the nation’s refugee admissions system, Feb. 25, 2025, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Ryan Sun)


David Katibah
June 18, 2026 

(RNS) — 5.4 million people became refugees in 2025. With the global total eclipsing more than 35 million refugees — not including the 69 million internally displaced persons — resettlement remains a vital lifeline for the most vulnerable communities.

For more than four decades, the U.S. has been on the front lines of that process. But in 2025, the U.S. only resettled 11,500 refugees, a sharp drop from the more than 100,000 in 2024. In 2026, the number so far is less than 6,000 — all of them from South Africa.

As the U.S. welcomes individuals from all over the globe to celebrate the world’s game, most refugees remain largely shut out.

This Saturday (June 20) is World Refugee Day, celebrated by the U.N. since 2001. In light of ongoing changes to U.S. immigration and refugee policy, we asked faith-based resettlement organizatio
ns what communities of faith should know about current U.S. refugee policy.

The U.S. refugee program has been devastated in recent years.



Matthew Soerens. (Photo courtesy of World Relief)

The U.S. Refugee Admissions Program, a bipartisan effort established in the wake of the fall of Saigon, has all but been gutted. Some of the most vulnerable communities in the world are now barred from seeking entry into the United States.

But many Christians are not aware, said some of the major faith-based refugee resettlement agencies.

“The average person in the average church I go to has no idea that the refugee resettlement program has been shut down,” Matthew Soerens, vice president of advocacy and policy for World Relief, told Religion News Service.

The change in policy has meant these agencies have had to make major staffing and programming adjustments. Some of them have had to survive the termination of significant U.S. grant funding. But more importantly, they say, the change has felt like an abandonment of these needy communities.
RELATED: After refugee aid cuts, faith groups help Afghan women connect through sewing

During the first Trump administration, the number of refugees admitted to the U.S. was cut drastically, leading resettlement agencies to cut staff and reduce programs. Those programs were rebuilt during the Biden administration, only to be shut down again when Trump returned to office.

In fiscal 2026 (which began Oct. 1, 2025), the vast majority of refugees who have been resettled are white Afrikaners, a minority community from South Africa. Persecuted Christians and other religious minorities, who have historically been a priority for the USRAP — such as through the Lautenberg Program — are no longer given special consideration.

“We’re unfortunately quite confident that zero Christian refugees from countries where Christians are known to face persecution will come to the United States as refugees this year, down from more than 29,000 two years ago,” said Soerens.



Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau greets Afrikaner refugees from South Africa, May 12, 2025, at Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Va. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Despite the restrictions by the current administration, most Protestant pastors prefer a much wider net for refugee admissions. Only 18% of pastors in a 2026 poll run by Lifeway identified Afrikaners as a priority for refugee resettlement.

On the other hand, 70% of pastors identified those who have fled persecution and have family members already in the U.S. as a priority.
Families have been separated, and more families are at risk of separation.

Many of the individuals who come to the U.S. are hoping to chart a path for their families, said Matt Misterek, director of communications at Lutheran Community Services Northwest, one of the plaintiffs in an ongoing case against the U.S. government’s refugee restrictions.

“When individuals come, they’re often almost always here to put their front foot forward with the hope that in fact they’re going to be able to reunite with their families in the United States,” said Misterek.

Family reunification is considered a priority by Congress, especially uniting children with their families that are already stateside. Yet while exceptions to the ban are being made for South African refugees, the same is not true for these children.

One such child is a 9-year-old boy from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He’s been stuck alone in Burundi, even though his parents and siblings are already in the U.S.

“These actions are discriminatory, cruel and arbitrary,” said Mevlüde Akay Alp, senior litigation attorney for IRAP and lead attorney in the case against the selective application of the refugee ban. The boy’s family is a new plaintiff in an amended complaint put forth by IRAP.

Other policies put in place by the Trump administration in November have made reunification much more difficult. They included a freeze on all asylum applications and a pause on immigration applications for individuals from a list of 39 countries.

The result? Millions of people whose cases were in process were left in limbo.

As of last week, a judge determined the policies were “arbitrary and capricious” and forced U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to restart processing applications. Milagro Sique is the CEO of Dorcas International Institute of Rhode Island, the primary plaintiff in the case that led to this ruling. She told RNS the ruling means folks can finally escape this limbo.

“It gives them some clarity, so that (they) the petitioner can make a meaningful decision on their lives,” Sique said.

For many, however, the pause on refugee resettlement means there is still no pathway for their families to join them.
Some refugees already in the U.S. could be in jeopardy.

As part of a crackdown, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has arrested some refugees already legally in the country and detained them for questioning. A federal judge has ordered the Trump administration to pause these detentions.

But refugees remain at risk of a “revetting” process, which could result in revocation of their permanent status.


Leliz Bonilla Castro, left, and her sister Xochina Michelle Castro, refugees from Honduras, participate in an English class for refugees, April 11, 2024, in Columbia, S.C. (AP Photo/Erik Verduzco)

For HIAS, the world’s oldest refugee resettlement agency, restrictions on immigration are something it has weathered in the past, particularly in the 1920s. But the refugee revetting process, which risks separating families who believe they have finally made it to safety, is unprecedented.

“This is one of the instances where there is a really fundamental attempt to transform the nature of immigration and refugee resettlement in the U.S. in ways that we haven’t previously seen,” said Noah Gottschalk, chief external relations officer at HIAS.

Gottschalk said the intention in revetting refugees — who already go through one of the most stringent vetting processes in the world — is to create a “climate of fear, a climate of confusion.”
Caring for refugees is a spiritual concern.

For HIAS, caring for refugees is not altruism; it’s an outgrowth of a deeply felt experience.

“We are motivated as we are, by our Jewish values, by the Jewish experience of being persecuted, of being discriminated against for who we are and what we believe,” said Gottschalk.

In June of 1939, the St. Louis, a ship carrying nearly 1,000 Jewish refugees from Germany, was refused entry into the U.S. Forced to return to Europe, 254 of its passengers were eventually murdered in the Holocaust.

For HIAS, remembering this tragedy is an inspiration to welcome refugees today.
People of faith have stepped up.

Many people of faith have done that and more in the past two years. Synagogues, mosques and churches have all met the gap in her community, Sique said, even though DIIRI is not a faith-based organization itself.

Some church members have even gone to great lengths to assist refugees impacted by the recent policies, such as a pair of families who traveled from Minnesota to Texas to assist a refugee who had been detained and released without documentation. For some detainees, this is a deadly experience.

Jewish communities across the country, likewise, have rallied in support of refugees, even in places where such support has come at great cost.

Despite the funding restrictions, many faith-based resettlement organizations have found new ways to support vulnerable communities.

Nevertheless, the support faith communities can offer is not sufficient to meet the needs long term. This is why Dorcas International Institute of Rhode Island has turned to fighting some of the restrictions in court.

“We need more of a sustainable plan for these folks,” said Sique.


Cuban economy needs ‘urgent changes’ to overcome crisis: Cuban president

AFP
June 18, 2026

People board a private vehicle transporting passengers on the outskirts of Havana — new restrictions on transport in Cuba are coming into force amid a severe fuel shortage – Copyright AFP YAMIL LAGE

Cuba’s economy needs “urgent changes” to overcome a major crisis intensified by a US oil blockade, President Miguel Diaz-Canel said in a speech to Communist Party leaders broadcast on Thursday.

“The situation calls for urgent and necessary changes,” Diaz-Canel told the party’s politburo in his frankest admission yet of the need for an overhaul of the country’s communist model.

He cited China and Vietnam as possible models for opening Cuba’s economy to the world in order to “create economic wealth and distribute it equally.”

Diaz-Canel made the remarks at a meeting called to fast-track reforms aimed at boosting the growing private sector and attracting more capital from millions of Cubans who have fled the crisis abroad.

Some of the reforms “will not have absolute consensus but cannot be postponed,” Diaz-Canel stressed.

“When people’s lives become this hard,” the Communist Party and government had a responsibility to “change what needs to be changed” rather than try to explain away the crisis, he said.

The oil blockade imposed by President Donald Trump in January has brought Cuba’s already moribund economy to the brink of collapse, marked by power cuts sometimes lasting over 30 hours and shortages of food, fuel, drinking water and medicine.

While Havana’s position has been to blame its woes on a more-than-six-decade US trade embargo and the blockade, Diaz-Canel admitted there were “obstacles that don’t come from outside, nor the blockade.”

He pointed to “slowness, bureaucracy and norms that impede those who want to produce” as well as “decisions that we have put off.”

The reforms were widely seen as a desperate, eleventh-hour bid to stave off economic collapse.

It is unclear, however, whether they will satisfy Trump, who is pushing for a change in Cuba’s leaders as well as its economic model.



With Cuba in crisis, faith groups work to influence policy, deliver aid

(RNS) — U.S. Republican administrations have long seen faith groups as a cornerstone for humanitarian aid and community trust as they push for regime change in Cuba.


Youths carry freshly caught fish from the sea in Havana, Cuba, Monday, June 1, 2026.
 (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)


Aleja Hertzler-McCain
June 19, 2026 
RNS



(RNS) — In the face of an accelerating U.S. pressure campaign, deteriorating public utilities and economic inefficiency, Cuba’s communist government on Thursday (June 18) announced sweeping economic reforms, the largest privatization since before Fidel Castro’s revolution in 1959.

threats of military action, and its sanctions and an oil blockade have been compounding Cuba’s existing fuel shortages, power outages and scarcity of food and medicines.

Amid the mounting internal and external pressure, faith communities have been speaking up and meeting with both the U.S. and Cuban governments.

U.S. Republican administrations have long seen faith groups as a cornerstone for humanitarian aid and community trust as they push for regime change in Cuba. In the last few months, the top U.S. diplomat in Cuba, Mike Hammer, has met with top Catholic bishops, a Catholic priest known for being critical of the Cuban government, a Methodist bishop and members of the Alliance of Evangelical Churches in Cuba, which includes several groups more often critical of the government, including the Assemblies of God.

Despair has become intense, said Rita María García Morris, the executive director of the Centro Cristiano de Reflexión y Diálogo (Christian Center for Reflection and Dialogue) based in the Cuban province of Matanzas, who with her team has helped meet the daily needs of vulnerable people and to advocate for peace, including several meetings with Hammer and U.S.-based pastors.

“Suicide, mental illnesses and hopelessness are extreme, extreme,” said García Morris in Spanish. “Our psychologists cannot keep up. We have a team of psychologists working even at night with phone calls, and they cannot keep up.”


A pile of trash burns in Havana, Cuba, Wednesday, June 17, 2026. (AP Photo/Jorge Luis Banos)

García Morris, a Presbyterian ruling elder, said that suffering due to days-long blackouts and spoiled food is widespread. In December, she had to travel to the Dominican Republic because she had developed diabetic ketoacidosis, a condition that can become life-threatening, because she was not able to keep her insulin refrigerated.

She told RNS she is waiting to see how the economic reforms will affect the population. “Where does that leave the poor people and the humble people?” she asked.

Cuban state media has said the survival rate for children with cancer has fallen from 85% to 65% since the oil blockade began and that more than 75% of essential medications produced on the island can’t be made right now because of unavailable components.

The power outages and lack of flour are also limiting the Catholic church’s ability to produce unconsecrated bread for Communion. Puerto Rican parishes and Dominican religious sisters worked to send nearly 300,000 hosts to Cuba this month.

Outreach Aid to the Americas (OAA) distributes humanitarian aid to Cuba through largely evangelical churches independent from the government.

Teo Babun, OAA’s Cuban-American president and CEO, was quoted on the important role of faith communities in a 2004 Bush administration report issued by the Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba. The evangelical businessman told RNS that “most of those reports interestingly enough are applicable today.”

He expressed confidence that the U.S. government and evangelical organizations are ready to provide a greater surge of humanitarian aid, even before a regime change.

“ We are aware of a lot of conversation taking place regarding Cuba and the aid that needs to be put together,” he said. “ They are becoming more and more familiar with the fact that the evangelical church has tremendous, broad resources and experience working in Cuba to be able to assist in providing humanitarian assistance at the right time.”

Since the beginning of the year, the U.S. State Department has funneled humanitarian aid to Cuba through the Catholic church, citing concerns about government corruption. The first batch of $3 million was designated after last fall’s Hurricane Melissa and took over four months to distribute.

The State Department announced in February another $6 million in aid to be distributed through the Catholic church, but Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in May that half of that amount was still being held up by Cuban government permitting. The department made a third offer of $100 million in assistance distributed through both the Catholic church and “other reliable independent humanitarian organizations” last month.

The Catholic Church has also been continuing their long history of diplomacy promoting dialogue, rather than military conflict, in the U.S.-Cuba relationship. In February, several high-level meetings at the Vatican involving U.S. and Cuban leaders speaking about the Cuban crisis were publicized.


Carmen Casado, 84, is served a free meal of ground meat, rice, red beans and crackers through a program run by the Church of the Holy Spirit at a dining hall adjacent to the Catholic church in Old Havana, Cuba, Thursday, April 21, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

“This is the oldest diplomatic corps in the world and is certainly one of the most effective,” said Peter Martin, a former U.S. diplomat to the Holy See who now teaches at Boston College.

Those diplomats have played key roles in Cuba’s recent history. On Pope Francis’ 78th birthday, President Barack Obama announced that he would begin normalizing relations with Cuba, a sharp break in over 50 years of policy — and he personally thanked Francis for his “moral example” and role in brokering key prisoner releases that allowed for the agreement.

That announcement came after decades of work by the Vatican and U.S. bishops. U.S. bishops began to back Cuban bishops’ calls for an end to the U.S. embargo on Cuba in 1972, and Vatican leaders had played a key role in easing government repression of religious groups in the once-atheist country, starting with a 1989 trip by Cardinal Roger Etchegaray.

“Vatican officials always urge leaders to consider the human cost of war, aggression and economic sanctions,” Martin said. “In my experience, when Holy See officials raised these issues, they weren’t asking us to turn a blind eye to the Cuban government’s abuses; they were simply pressing us to engage in dialogue and consider policies that would not harm the most vulnerable.”

Anna Lee Stangl, head of advocacy for CSW, an ecumenical Christian religious freedom organization, told RNS that it was possible to both believe that U.S. sanctions are “unjust” and that the Cuban government is engaging in “the systematic and serious violation of individual people’s basic human rights.”

Her organization’s research with sources on the ground in Cuba informs the U.S. government’s assessment of religious freedom in Cuba, and she said they continue to collect credible reports about religious leaders experiencing harassment, fines, surveillance and unjust incarceration.

Cuba’s Santeros offer gifts and ask deities for peace as tensions rise with US

Catholics weren’t the only religious groups to contribute to the Obama administration policy.

“They wanted to hear from us and valued the expertise because they knew that our partners on the ground had the knowledge of exactly what was happening on the ground unfiltered,” said Catherine Gordon, Presbyterian Church (USA)’s representative for international issues, citing high-level meetings between denominational faith offices and the National Security Council.

Though the Vatican has continued to play a role in U.S.-Cuba diplomacy, faith groups opposing punitive U.S. economic policy on Cuba had not seen much success since the Obama years. In his first term, President Donald Trump reimposed restrictions on the island country, and despite some faith groups expecting the Biden administration would echo Obama’s Cuba policy, he continued Trump administration policies and added new sanctions.



Gordon said her coalition, largely left-leaning Protestant faith groups who had helped shape Obama’s Cuba policies, have been shut out ever since. Under Biden, “ we were seen as another network to promote their agenda with,” said Gordon, but despite assurances the administration was reviewing Cuba’s state sponsor of terrorism designation, “ they were never working on it,” she said, saying the Biden administration’s engagement with those groups was in “bad faith.”

Under Trump, those organizations, which work together under the Interfaith Working Group on Cuba, have tried alternate strategies to keep their ideas in conversation. In February, they delivered a letter to the White House and Congress calling on policymakers to end sanctions, enable humanitarian assistance and engage in diplomacy.

At the end of March, a group including leaders from the World Council of Churches, World Communion of Reformed Churches, the Anglican Communion, the World Methodist Council, Presbyterian Church (USA) and the United Church of Canada made a solidarity visit to Cuba, designed to highlight Cuban suffering and condemn U.S. sanctions, and met with Cuban government leaders.

And in April, Gordon and the working group also organized a webinar with Obama administration alumnus Ben Rhodes, who highlighted the importance and potential power of faith communities in shaping policy on Cuba. “There are faith-based arguments that can be made about the human suffering,” Rhodes said.

But they say they’ve largely been hitting walls in their efforts. Carol Blythe, the advocacy coordinator for the Alliance of Baptists, described feeling unheard in a January Zoom meeting with a State Department staffer when she asserted that their counterparts in Cuba are able to worship freely, counter to the department’s assessment of Cuba as a Country of Particular Concern for religious liberty.

At the end of 2024, Blythe, along with Stan Hastey, a retired denominational leader for the Alliance of Baptists, spearheaded a report about religious liberty based on a survey of pastors in Cuba and the testimonies of U.S. partners, which they delivered to the State Department.

“We contend that there is no systematic, ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom that specifically include (1) torture; (2) prolonged detention without charges; (3) forced disappearances; or (4) other flagrant denial of life, liberty, or security of persons,” several denominations wrote in a letter introducing the report to then-Secretary of State Antony Blinken.

In the report, which emphasizes the improvements in religious liberty in Cuba, one U.S. pastor who served in Cuba argued that policing seditious political dissidence and controlling religious expression are significantly different.

The State Department and the U.S. embassy in Cuba did not respond to requests for comment.

“I believe that the church, international Christian leaders, can really call for peace and insist that the governments have a dialogue,” García Morris said. “The church in Cuba and the United States has not been indifferent. I believe that it has worked and continues working to prevent a much bigger and worse catastrophe.”




Saturday, June 20, 2026


Sadistic Savagery on Display: Trump-Rubio’s Assault on Cuba

Monday 15 June 2026, by David Finkel



THE SADISTIC SAVAGERY of the Trump regime’s starvation-and-regime-change assault on Cuba comes into relief when you look at the surrounding circumstances and context.

The controversies within the left over the character of the Cuban government and state are irrelevant to the brutality that the United States is practicing. It’s the U.S. imperialist state and government that need to be on trial.

That’s the state and Trump regime that brags of blowing up more than 50 boats in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific, on the lying pretext that they were “running drugs,” killing close to 200 people including victims of “double-tap” bombings — probably fishing vessels in most cases — without a shred of evidence, let alone judicial process.

That same regime has now indicted Cuban former president and defense minister Raul Castro in the shootdown of Cuban exile “Brothers to the Rescue” planes three decades ago.

It’s nothing to do with justice or any national security threat, but raw imperial power exercised under the “Donroe Doctrine” of a floundering U.S. presidency, combined with the zealotry of Marco Rubio’s savior-complex obsession over “rescuing Cuba from communism.”

That arrogance was on full display with the kidnapping of Venezuelan ex-ruler Maduro. Trump expected to duplicate that triumph in Iran — overlooking the detail that Tehran had the capacity to fight back. (Admittedly, those of us who knew that Trump’s tariff idiocies and tax cuts would damage the U.S. economy underestimated his potential to crash the whole world economy.)
Hemispheric Ruin

More broadly, the U.S. assault on Cuba is an intended warning to any present or future progressive movements or governments in Latin America. Today, the lives of Cuban children, women in pregnancy and those needing health care, dying from the lack of electricity and medical supplies are human sacrifices on the altar of imperial rapacity and ideology.

There was a time when post-revolutionary Cuba presented some kind of radical challenge to U.S. hegemony, or at least what was called Cuba’s “threat of a good example” with its advanced educational and public health achievements. In all honesty, such a “threat” ended long ago with the defeat of the 1980s Central American revolutions and then the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The ensuing 35 years, beginning with the early 1990s “special period” of austerity and hardship, have seen a struggle to preserve Cuba’s independence and economic viability under conditions of constant menace, as well as waves of emigration. The events of the shootdown of the exile-flown planes in 1996 occurred in that context.

Those Brothers to the Rescue flights, whatever humanitarian assistance they may have provided to refugee boats in the early 1990s, were also deliberate provocations against Cuba’s sovereignty. They had murky connections with the CIA and FBI, some of which were revealed by Cuban government operatives who infiltrated the group.

By 1996, entering Cuban airspace and dropping leaflets over Havana, they were engaging in a game of Chicken that ended tragically.

Did that justify the Cuban air force blowing small civilian planes out of the sky? In my own opinion, clearly not — whatever malicious mischief or performative defiance they may have intended, those flights were no imminent security or military threat.

Cuba certainly had non-lethal methods of intercepting them. And the political impact was destructive, resulting in even tighter anti-Cuba sanctions by “bipartisan” agreement of the Clinton administration and Republican congressional leadership

Was the shootdown perhaps worthy of an independent investigation? Maybe so — in a different world with a body competent to perform it. In the real world, the United States government and judicial system are no such entity, and have no right to prosecute Cuba or its officials for this or any other case. U.S. imperialism should be the defendant.

There are Cuban exiles, and not only extreme right-wingers, who think that Trump and Rubio will “liberate” the island. They ought to have a look at Venezuela, where Maduro’s post-Chavista police-state regime remains in place under new Washington-client leadership and the miserable conditions of life persist.

The intention of the assault on Cuba is part and parcel of the effort to subjugate all of Latin America to multinational and especially U.S. corporate domination and privatization, democracy be damned. It is a fast-track road to hemispheric ruin, which makes the stakes especially high.

28 May 2026

Source: Solidarity webzine.



Visiting Cuba 2026 — A Critical Point


Monday 15 June 2026, by Robert Bartlett



I VISITED CUBA over the 2026 May Day week with a delegation from Building Relations with Cuban Labor. The effects of the 65+ year U.S. embargo and recent blockade of oil were everywhere to be seen. [1]

The airport was practically empty with only one terminal open and another closed due to the lack of aviation fuel necessary to refuel planes, other than those who could carry enough fuel to do a round-trip visit. Canada was one of many countries whose airlines cancelled travel to Cuba, curtailing tourism and its income. Other countries are similarly affected.

The Cuban Revolution is today under the most serious threat since the Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961. That was defeated, but the U.S. intention to overthrow or cripple the Cuban government has never ended, no matter whether Democrats or Republicans are in power. Today the economic pressure exerted against the entire country is reaching a critical point with military action a real possibility.

The tourist industry is practically shut down. This has dramatically decreased one of the main sources of foreign currency needed to buy products on the international market.

Along with the embargo on oil shipments the Trump administration has escalated the pressure by threatening sanctions on companies who continue to invest in Cuba and now have pressured the bank that was processing Visa and Mastercard transactions in Cuba to cease operations.

Two Spanish resort chains Iberostar and Melia, which operated 12 and 15 hotels respectively, just announced they are withdrawing from their partnership with GAESA, a Cuban governmental institution. Blue Diamond, a Canadian company which according to the New York Times ran dozens of hotels, is also leaving.

On the streets of Viejo Havana, a tourism magnet of colonial buildings and maze of restaurants and hotels, was practically deserted. The people who would drive visitors around in their 1950 vintage cars were mostly absent, and restaurants that would normally be open were closed along with music clubs that cater to tourists.

It had the feeling of a ghost town, but one in which the population was still present.

Due to the blockade on Venezuelan oil, traffic was sparse and electric vehicles and motorcycles were more numerous than gas ones. On the major highway traversing the island there were few cars, fewer buses and trucks. The oil shortage has wreaked havoc on the necessary mechanisms to move people and goods.

Power Outages and Daily Life

Power outages are regular in all areas of the island and probably longer in rural areas. In the town of Viñales, which we visited, power might be on for less than half the day and people will charge electric vehicles and batteries while they can. I saw no gas stations that were open during a ten-day period.

Some people, a minority, who have been fortunate enough to have solar panels, use them to supply their houses in the day and store energy in batteries for the periods when power is out.

Prices have risen, and the exchange rate for access to U.S. dollars has climbed to over 500 pesos to a dollar on the informal market. Access to dollar stores which supplement the basic food supplies that are available in monthly rations are reduced accordingly.

The average base salary according to people we talked to is roughly 3000 to 4000 Cuban pesos (between $6 to $8 a month), which doesn’t go far. This has led many people we talked with to have to work three or even four jobs to survive. This has amplified the effects of this long policy of economic starvation.

What Do People Think?

First, there is no hesitancy to speak freely about the difficulties that they are facing individually and what they would like their lives to be like. During our trip we met with artists, workers in the privately owned restaurant industry, medical people and leaders of various institutions across health, biotechnology, education and farmers, as well as our host families in Viñales.

Not being fluent but able to have limited conversations in Spanish, and longer ones with people whose English was better than my Spanish, along with conversations that other members of our delegation shared, gave a similar picture.

People have dreams of a better life, but confront a daily reality where they think their dreams could probably more likely be achieved in other countries. Younger people wished to be able to travel and believed that their lives could be better in another country, Europe being a destination mentioned frequently.

Austerity and Migration

An urban planner who gave our delegation a history of Cuba from Colonial days to the present gave some context when he talked about the effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 on the economy, and the beginning of the first “special period” and significant emigration from Cuba.

He stated that 65% of the migrants over the past ten years are from Havana and most are well educated. That is striking and alarming as some of the best educated people don’t see a future under the present conditions of austerity.

This is a reality, and people’s expressions of what to do range from those who don’t see life improving in the foreseeable future and thus want to leave, to those who just want the suffering to stop no matter how.

In one extended conversation I had with a university-educated server in a restaurant, he stated that he was not supportive of the United States but critical of what he said were inequalities within the Cuban system where those with resources have ways of gaming the system. He was dismissive when I brought up some of the achievements of the revolution in terms of education, literacy and health care.

It is unwise to generalize from a small sample of society, but I have the impression that the economic impact of the last 35 years has been one of erosion of the major gains of the revolution in bringing a country from subservience, illiteracy and exploitation by foreign ownership, an economy that was dominated by sugar production and the unsavory mob influence in Havana.

Socialism in One Country?

Being in Cuba reminded me of visiting Nicaragua before and during the U.S.-funded-and-directed Contra war. Two years before the counter-revolutionary war began, investments were being made in schools, clinics and other social services that had only previously been available to a small slice of society.

After the war started, the effect of having to divert resources to defending the revolution was evident from what was attempted in 1980 through 1982.

The effects that I could see in Cuba are due to the lack of access to resources available on the world market and denied either directly by the United States or indirectly through Washington’s economic and political threats to other countries willing to trade with Cuba.

All small, underdeveloped countries face daunting challenges in trying to compete with larger countries whose industrial capacity and economies of scale are more efficient than what any small country can muster.

This makes them dependent on trade and purchase of goods which can’t be manufactured locally. This leaves any small country, socialist or not, subject to market pressures and the inequality of selling low while buying high for value-added products.

An example is the Biotechnology research center. Cuba is rightfully proud of being able to develop medicines and vaccines, but limited access to the international scientific community through conferences, and the inability to afford the latest technologies – like automated gene sequencing, reverse transcription technology, the restriction enzymes used to produce the new RNA vaccines — makes developing new medicines slower.

These are products difficult to manufacture and expensive to buy. While using dated technology is still effective, it also hobbles production and incentivizes scientists to pursue other options like emigration.

Compromises to Survive

The challenges that Cuba faces in the face of an economic blockade are many and have led to coping mechanisms to withstand the pressure. A basic divide in Cuban society is between those who have access to either the tourist industry or remittances from relatives who live outside Cuba, and those who don’t.

Many people have family who have emigrated and send money back to Cuba, while fewer have a direct connection to the now diminished tourist economy where daily tips at a restaurant or hotel can equal the monthly salary of school teachers or doctors. Those with dollars can supplement their diet through access to dollar stores, while those without are even more dependent on auxiliary income through multiple jobs.

The economy since the collapse of the Soviet Union has evolved into parallel state and private sectors. While the private one based upon tourism injects significant money into salaries and helps the state sector continue to subsidize basic food allowances, healthcare and education, it is vulnerable to the pressure of U.S. actions and also can lead to resentments over the inequality present with the dual systems.

Ending the economic blockade would allow the Island to restore sources of hard currency like tourism and even barter arrangements where doctors could provide health care in other countries so that oil and other products in short supply in Cuba could be purchased. That would restore public transit, which is needed for many to go to work.

It is hard to assess just how soon real access to materials would begin to restore production and alleviate some of the most grievous effects the population is suffering. On the long term a continued conversion of the energy sources from oil to solar and other renewables will take a long time and most easily achieved by purchases from China, thus once again reliant on hard currency.

Agriculture is an industry that faces challenges as well. Life on a farm is demanding in every country and people can have easier lives in cities, yet dependence on agricultural imports should be minimized.

The too-long dependence on sugar sold or bartered on the world market delayed addressing self-dependence for food. In the rural town we visited, our host now goes to their field via a horse cart, not a car.

Lack of fuel renders much machinery useless and makes it difficult to get to a market. In the long run sustainable agriculture, renewable energy production and the further development of a balanced economy are essential goals; they will not be advanced by any surrender to U.S. economic and possible military actions.

Cubans want solutions to this dilemma and short of international counter-pressure and willingness to break the blockade, an internal dialogue among all Cubans on the future of the revolution needs to be part of a solution. And for us, of course, the urgency of stopping this strangulation of Cuba is critical.

May 2026

Source: Against the Current.

Footnotes

[1] Photo: The Building Relations with Cuban Labor delegation brought medical supplies collected by Not Just Tourists.