Thursday, March 20, 2025

'Havoc and destruction': US Social Security quietly kills work program — and threatens chaos


Sarah K. Burris
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


Social Security Cards and Money (Shutterstock)

According to investigative reporter Judd Legum, many individuals must now find their way to a Social Security field office — and the new policy hasn't yet been broadcast to the public.

Writing Thursday, Legum reported that Social Security quietly enacted a policy targeting immigrants who are granted work authorization issued by the Social Security administration.

"Each year, the SSA automatically issues millions of Social Security numbers and cards to non-citizens granted work authorizations as part of an agreement between the SSA and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)," wrote Legum on X. "The agreement is known as Enumeration Beyond Entry (EBE)."


ALSO READ: They've just signed Social Security's death warrant — are you ready?

On March 19, the SSA sent an email that Legum obtained stating that the EBE program for "noncitizens granted work authorization" and "newly naturalized U.S. citizens" had been "temporarily" frozen. Staff were told to implement this change in policy immediately. The email did not say when or whether the program would resume.

It means people who expect to be mailed Social Security numbers and a statement that they can legally work will now wait in vain. Applicants will now have to visit offices in person, with Legum estimating 60,000 to 75,000 extra people now flooding offices a week.

"The havoc and destruction they’re causing is no doubt going to break the agency and hurt the public," an SSA source told the reporter.

Legum also cited an internal SSA memo revealing that the field offices are already "overburdened."

It isn't the only policy that could add traffic to the offices.


The SSA announced this week that it will enforce heightened security measures.

"That policy will require people making new benefit claims to verify their ID through the internet or at a field office," Legum wrote.

If they cannot use a computer, they must verify their identity in person, Yahoo Finance confirmed.


An internal memo Legum obtained predicted the increase would be substantial and warns of "service disruption," "operational strain," and "budget shortfalls" as the policy goes into effect.

"Since the internet is not an option for many elderly or disabled people, the SSA estimates it will require an additional 75,000 to 85,000 in-person visitors per week to SSA's offices to implement the policy," Legum wrote.

Read the detailed report here.


'Fishing expedition': Judge's 'scathing' ruling bars DOGE from Social Security records

Sarah K. Burris
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY

FILE PHOTO: Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk arrives to the inauguration of U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol on January 20, 2025 in Washington, DC. Donald Trump takes office for his second term as the 47th president of the United States. Chip Somodevilla/Pool via REUTERS/File Photo

A U.S. district court judge in Maryland stopped President Donald Trump's Department of Government Efficiency initiative from accessing Social Security information.

According to CNBC, Judge Ellen Lipton Hollander issued a "scathing" ruling that temporarily bars the DOGE team from accessing records at the Social Security Administration.

When he came into office, Trump created DOGE by executive order and tasked tech billionaire Elon Musk with finding government reductions. That initiative has been behind the upheaval and dismantling of government agencies. Websites, grants, programs, and employees have been cut or frozen under the promise that Trump will save taxpayers trillions.

ALSO READ: They've just signed Social Security's death warrant — are you ready?

The judge said in the ruling that the team is on a "fishing expedition" that ultimately jeopardizes Americans' personal data.

“The defense does not appear to share a privacy concern for the millions of Americans whose SSA records were made available to the DOGE affiliates, without their consent,” the judge wrote.

But the ruling goes beyond mentioning DOGE employees.

CNBC noted that the temporary restraining order "blocks the Social Security Administration, acting commissioner Leland Dudek and chief information officer Michael Russo, as well as all related agents and employees working with them, from granting access to any system containing personally identifiable information."

The judge also pointed out the irony that those working for DOGE enjoy privacy from the public.

"Ironically, the identity of these DOGE affiliates has been concealed because defendants are concerned that the disclosure of even their names would expose them to harassment and thus invade their privacy," she wrote.

Read the full filing here.



Slap in the face': Pro-Trump Republican slams president’s closure of local Social Security office


U.S. President Donald Trump gestures during an event to sign an executive order to shut down the Department of Education, in the East Room at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., March 20, 2025. REUTERS/Nathan Howard

Carl Gibson
March 20, 2025
ALTERNET

One House Republican in a swing district is now publicly rebuking President Donald Trump's administration after one of his budget cuts directly impacted his constituents.

Acting Social Security Administration (SSA) head Leland Dudek recently announced that he would be not be renewing the lease on the agency's office in White Plains, New York when it comes up on May 31, and that he was rejecting a bipartisan effort by Reps. George Latimer (D-N.Y.) and Mike Lawler (R-N.Y.) to keep it open. Dudek attributed the closure to persistent mold issues in the building that the General Services Administration (GSA) had been unable to address.

In a letter to Dudek, both Latimer and Lawler emphasized that the White Plains office was the only one serving residents in the Lower Hudson Valley, and that closing it would make it that much harder for their constituents to be able to attend hearings that will determine their benefits. He tweeted: "Concerns about mold don’t justify abandoning folks in the Lower Hudson Valley."

"The decision to close the only Social Security Hearing Office in the Hudson Valley is a slap in the face to thousands of my constituents who rely on these services," Lawler stated. "This office handles over 2,000 backlogged cases and conducts hundreds of in-person hearings every year. Telling my constituents that they now have to travel hours to Lower Manhattan, New Haven, the Bronx or Goshen is completely unacceptable."

According to South African centibillionaire Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), the lease on the White Plains office is approximately $511,000 per year. And that lease is one of nearly two dozen cancelled for the SSA across multiple states. Similar to Reps. Latimer and Lawler, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.) has cautioned against closing the White Plains office, stressing that the building is vital for thousands of New Yorkers who rely on SSA benefits.

"As the only hearing office in the lower Hudson Valley region, it’s closure will negatively impact thousands of constituents who reside in these seven counties," Gillibrand wrote in a February letter. "If SSA does not open an alternative site, beneficiaries will be required to travel between 24 and 135 miles to be serviced by the closest office in New York City, Albany, New Jersey and Connecticut."

Lawler's public stance against one of Trump's budget cuts is particularly noteworthy, given that he recently lauded the administration's efforts to cut out "waste, fraud and abuse" in government agencies during a tele-town hall. The New York Republican didn't specifically talk about DOGE's cuts to the SSA, but he did tell constituents: "There are things they're doing that I think are beneficial. There are other things where I think they're going very fast, and they need to dot their i's and cross their t's before pulling the trigger."
LAWLESS NATION 


'Destroys privacy': Experts panic as Trump eyes letting Feds raid homes without warrants







Erik De La Garza
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


An arcane wartime law President Donald Trump recently invoked to carry out the deportation of alleged Venezuelan gang members could open the door for federal agents to enter residences without a warrant, according to the New York Times.

Trump last week signed a proclamation ushering in the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 as he took aim at Venezuelan citizens the administration branded as belonging to the notorious Tres de Aragua gang.

But a reading of the language by senior Justice Department lawyers, together with the historical context of the law, has led the Trump administration to believe “that the government does not need a warrant to enter a home or premises to search for people believed to be members of that gang,” the Times reported Thursday.

“It remains unclear whether the administration will apply the law in this way, but experts say such an interpretation would infringe on basic civil liberties and raise the potential for misuse,” according to the Times report. “Warrantless entries have some precedent in America’s wartime history, but invoking the law in peacetime to pursue undocumented immigrants in such a way would be an entirely new application.”

The legal view sent experts into panic mode over concerns that constitutional freedoms, including the the Fourth Amendment’s requirement for a court order to search someone’s home, could be at risk.

ALSO READ: 'The Hard Reset': Here's how the U.S. is exporting terrorism around the world

“The Fourth Amendment applies to everyone in the U.S., not just individuals with legal status,” Christopher A. Wellborn, the president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, told the Times. "Ripping that right away from Americans would be an “abuse of power that destroys our privacy, making Americans feel unsafe and vulnerable in the places where our children play and our loved ones sleep."

The law has been used on just three other occasions, all in times of “major wars,” and it remains to be seen “how the administration has deemed someone a member of Tren de Aragua,” the report stated.

But the ramifications are clear.

“Legal scholars have long criticized the law as prone to abuse,” the Times reported Thursday. “During World War II, in one of the darker chapters in the nation’s history, the law paved the way for citizens of Germany, Italy or Japan to be searched and detained.”

Vanderbilt University law professor Christopher Slobogin told the Times that the old law invoked by Trump “undermines fundamental protections that are recognized in the Fourth Amendment, and in the due process clause.”

Trump pressures courts after reprimand on deportations





Agence France-Presse
March 20, 2025 


US President Donald Trump demanded Thursday that courts stop blocking his agenda, edging closer to a constitutional showdown after a judge suggested the administration ignored an order to block summary deportations.

A federal judge, in a strongly worded order, gave the Justice Department until Tuesday to explain why it went ahead with flights to prison in El Salvador of Venezuelan migrants, some of whom say they committed no crime and were targeted only for their tattoos.

Trump, in a scathing attack on the judiciary that would have been unthinkable coming from most presidents, demanded that the Supreme Court intervene.


ALSO READ: 'The Hard Reset': Here's how the U.S. is exporting terrorism around the world

"It is our goal to MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN, and such a high aspiration can never be done if Radical and Highly Partisan Judges are allowed to stand in the way of JUSTICE," Trump wrote in a Truth Social post aimed at Chief Justice John Roberts.

"STOP NATIONWIDE INJUNCTIONS NOW, BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE," Trump wrote in all capital letters.


"If Justice Roberts and the United States Supreme Court do not fix this toxic and unprecedented situation IMMEDIATELY, our Country is in very serious trouble!"

Roberts, who was nominated by Republican George W. Bush, a day earlier issued a rare rebuke by the country's top justice to remarks of the president after Trump called for the impeachment of the judge who ruled on the immigration case.

"For more than two centuries, it has been established that impeachment is not an appropriate response to disagreement concerning a judicial decision," Roberts said in a brief statement.


"The normal appellate review process exists for that purpose."

James Boasberg, the chief judge of the US District Court in Washington, on Saturday had issued an emergency order against the deportation of Venezuelans as they sought legal recourse.

He said that two flights in the air needed to turn around. El Salvador's President Nayyib Bukele, who has offered to take in prisoners on the cheap in Latin America's largest prison, responded on social media: "Oopsie... Too late."


In a new order on Thursday, Boasberg said that an acting field office director of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement explained that the Trump administration was considering justifying its actions by saying the issue was a matter of "state secrets."

"This is woefully insufficient," Boasberg wrote, saying that "the Government again evaded its obligations."

He said that a regional official in charge of immigration enforcement was not in a position to attest to cabinet-level arguments against a federal court.


He gave the Trump administration until Tuesday to explain why it did not violate his restraining order.
GRIFTER NATION

US director accused of scamming Netflix out of millions

Agence France-Presse
March 20, 2025

US director Carl Rinsch (R) made one feature film, '47 Ronin', that was released in 2013 and starred Keanu Reeves (3rd from L), but now he has been indicted on charges of defrauding Netflix. (AFP)

Hollywood filmmaker Carl Rinsch was hired by Netflix to make a new science-fiction series. Instead, federal prosecutors say, he embezzled more than $11 million from the streaming giant and spent it on luxury cars and crypto.

Rinsch, known for the 2013 film "47 Ronin" starring Keanu Reeves, was indicted this week on charges of wire fraud and money laundering and could face decades in prison if convicted in connection with the alleged scam.

The indictment was filed in a federal court in New York and unsealed on Tuesday. The 47-year-old filmmaker was arrested the same day.


ALSO READ:'Not much I can do': GOP senator gives up fight against Trump's tariffs

"Carl Rinsch allegedly stole more than $11 million from a prominent streaming platform to finance lavish purchases and personal investments instead of completing a promised television series," FBI Assistant Director Leslie Backschies said in a statement.

Although Netflix is never named in the filing, Rinsch was previously reported to be in a dispute with the company over a planned series initially titled "White Horse" and later renamed "Conquest."

The indictment says the show was meant to focus on a scientist who created a group of powerful clones "banished to a walled area in a Brazilian city, where they began developing advanced technology and came into conflict with humans and each other."

It features still photos from "six short-form episodes" that were apparently completed by Rinsch to pitch the show. He ultimately entered into a deal with Netflix to create a full season of episodes.

That deal was reached "in or about 2018," the indictment says. Netflix then paid "approximately $44 million" for the show's production between 2018 and 2019, during the peak of the streaming boom.

Those funds were transferred to Rinsch's production company, and his request for an additional $11 million to purportedly finish the project was granted.

But Rinsch allegedly quickly transferred the money through a number of accounts for his own personal use.

Among the purchases Rinsch allegedly made were luxury clothing and furniture, a Ferrari and five Rolls-Royces, dodgy stock market buys, investing in cryptocurrency, and paying for lawyers to sue the streamer and handle his divorce.


"The FBI will continue to reel in any individual who seeks to defraud businesses," Backschies said.

Netflix declined to comment when contacted by AFP about the case.
US border crackdown no threat to 2026 World Cup: football chief

FIFA HAS A HISTORY OF BRIBERY


Agence France-Presse
March 20, 2025

Victor Montagliani, President of CONCACAF, speaks at the 2024 Copa America draw. (AFP)

by Rob Woollard

CONCACAF football chief Victor Montagliani played down concerns over a US border crackdown impacting the 2026 World Cup on Thursday, following a flurry of recent cases involving foreign visitors who have been detained or deported after attempting to enter the United States.

Montagliani, the president of the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) told AFP he was confident any issues regarding US border policy would be resolved in time for next year's 48-team tournament, which is being co-hosted by the USA, Canada and Mexico.

ALSO READ:The new guy in charge of USAID doesn't believe in foreign aid

Montagliani said the concerns raised by recent cases at the border -- which have included visitors from countries such as France, Germany and Britain -- were understandable.

But the CONCACAF chief, who is also a member of world governing body FIFA's ruling council, was adamant that any issues would be resolved with President Donald Trump's administration before millions of visitors descend on North America for the World Cup in 16 months time.

"It's a natural thing. Even during the last World Cup in Qatar, I had friends of mine calling me, saying, 'Hey, I'm worried to go there for whatever reason.' And you know, it was all fine," Montagliani told AFP on the sidelines of a sports business conference in Los Angeles.

"I'm confident that once we get there, whether it's obviously the participating teams or their fans, there'll be a methodology to sort that out," Montagliani added.

"Time's on our side with that. I understand the policies of the administration. But I'm confident that once we get to the point where we need to get to, 16 months from now, we'll be fine."


In one of the recent cases at the border, a French space scientist traveling to a conference in Houston was stopped and deported after US border officials searched the contents of his phone and laptop during a "random" security check. The French foreign ministry later said it "deplored" the incident.

Montagliani meanwhile said World Cup chiefs were comfortable dealing with the Trump administration, which has slapped tariffs on tournament co-hosts Canada and Mexico. Trump has also repeatedly described Canada as the US's "51st state".

"If you're in the business of football and you're a leader in football, it's part of our job to deal with any administration," Montagliani told reporters.


"It doesn't matter where you're putting on the events. We had to deal with that in the last two World Cups (in Qatar and Russia) and probably in World Cups before that.

"We're going to have to deal with it moving forward. It's just the reality of putting on international events. I'm sure the IOC (International Olympic Committee) has to deal with that when they put on Olympics. So it's just the reality of it.

"We've got to focus on the event. We got to focus on the sport. And whatever sort of challenges there are, you just deal with them accordingly."

Has US Education Dept impeded students? False claims by conservatives


Agence France-Presse
March 20, 2025 

US President Donald Trump signs an executive order aimed at shutting down the Department of Education on March 20, 2025. (AFP)

Do American students really rank at the bottom of international comparisons and does the United States really spend more per pupil than any other country?

Those are the false claims made by President Donald Trump and his backers to justify shutting the Department of Education.

Trump signed an executive order on Thursday to close the department, which was created in 1979. While it cannot be shuttered without the approval of Congress, the department will likely be starved of funds and staff by the order.


ALSO READ: 'Came as a surprise to me': Senators 'troubled' by one aspect of government funding bill

The Trump administration had already sought to gut the department in early March by shedding almost 1,800 jobs, or about half of its staff, which according to Education Secretary Linda McMahon would help "our scores go up."
- Do US students really rank last? False -


"No matter how you cut it, the US is not scoring at the bottom of the international rankings," Nat Malkus, senior fellow and the deputy director of education policy at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, told AFP. "The US ranks in the middle of the pack on most international assessments."

Fifteen-year-old US students placed above average in reading and close to average in math on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's latest Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test.

Two other international tests, the PIRLS in 2021 for reading and the TIMSS in 2023 for science and mathematics, also place American kids within the average of the countries tested.


National tests did show a drop off after 2019, but that was partly attributed to disruptions caused by Covid shutdowns, with similar patterns seen in other countries.

But the picture is nowhere near as catastrophic as many of Trump's conservative supporters claim.

Nationally, in 2024, 76 percent of fourth-grade students (ages 9-10) and 61 percent of eighth-grade students (ages 13-14) met or exceeded the expected baseline in mathematics, according to National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) results. In reading, they were 60 percent and 67 percent above the minimum, respectively.


It is also false that students "have fallen behind" since the creation of the DoE, a claim made by Republican Representative Byron Donalds of Florida.

For example, the average math proficiency of fourth-graders has increased by 24 points since 1990, and the average reading proficiency has not changed since 1992, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).

Malkus at the AEI said the "Department could improve how it supports US education" but cannot "be held responsible for student outcomes."

- Highest cost per student in the world? False -

Trump has claimed "we spend more per pupil than any other country in the world, and we're ranked at the bottom of the list."

He says his "dream" is to "move education into the states so that the states instead of bureaucrats working in Washington can run education" -- as proposed in the conservative "Project 2025" program that has guided the new administration.


But that's already the case. Each US state runs its own education system, with the DoE primarily responsible for administering student loans offered by the federal government, assisting disadvantaged students and enforcing rights.

While it does spend more per student than most countries, the United States ranked fifth in 2019 and sixth in 2021 in the OECD ranking for spending per primary and secondary student, far behind Luxembourg and Norway. And that spending is the responsibility of the states, with the federal government representing only about 13 percent of total funding.

"In the US only 4 percent of total federal spending is devoted to education, compared to about 10 percent on average in the countries in the OECD," said Fernando Reimers, a Harvard professor specializing in international education.


Several Democratic states, parents associations and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) have all filed appeals against the dismantling of the department.

The AFT said in a press release that shutting the department will hurt "ten million students who rely on financial aid to go to college or pursue a trade" as well as "millions of students with disabilities and students living in poverty."


'Now they can discriminate': Top lawmaker on education panel sounds alarm over Trump order


Matt LasloDaniel Hampton
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


U.S. President Donald Trump attends an event to sign an executive order to shut down the Department of Education, in the East Room at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., March 20, 2025. REUTERS/Nathan Howard

The top Democrat on the House Education and Workforce Committee railed against MAGA efforts to dismantle the Department of Education, telling Raw Story on Thursday, "Now they can discriminate."

President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Thursday to begin drastically unwinding the Department of Education. The order directed Education Secretary Linda McMahon to begin the process of shrinking the department and transferring educational authority back to the states.

Completely eliminating the department, however, requires congressional approval, which the administration likely doesn't have.

The order aimed to significantly reduce the agency's scope and only retain "essential functions" such as managing student loans, enforcing civil rights legislation, and overseeing Pell grants. It also fulfills Trump's campaign vow and aligns with long-standing conservative calls to eliminate the agency.

Rep. Bobby Scott (D-VA) sounded the alarm at the action, warning that the U.S. has seen what education looks like without the Department of Education — it resulted in segregation.


"They know they're discriminating, and now they can discriminate," Scott told Raw Story. "If the Department of Education is eliminated, then the civil rights of students — the right of students to get an education — will be dependent on each and every state, and we know how that worked. If you leave it up to the states, you could still have racial segregation in schools, students with disabilities would not be getting much education at all.”

Scott called the latest MAGA endeavor akin to when the Voting Rights Act was "shot down."

"You started seeing these states in the South particularly kind of revert back to some of their old ways," he said. "When Section V — pre-clearance — was essentially eliminated, officials in at least two states pronounced that it was good, and now they can pass voting rights laws that would make no sense if they could have been pre-cleared."

He pointed to Title I and the Civil Rights Act as evidence of what happens when civil rights are left up to the states.

"It didn't work, right?" Scott said.

While he conceded he doesn't know what the political implications will be, he said the education implications are clear.

"Those for whom the Education Department was there, they will be at a serious disadvantage," warned Scott. "Those who were segregated into inferior schools, those with English as a second language, students with disabilities were not getting an education until there was a federal mandate. Low-income students, people in rural and low-income areas were not getting an equal educational opportunity. That's why the Department of Education was there."

Furthermore, equitable access to college may suffer.

"Then access to college and student loans, so students can get into college. That's why the Department of Education was there, so that people would have an equal opportunity with education, and we know what it looked like before then, we know how many students were getting into college without Pell Grants and student loans. We know what the opportunity looked like and, under segregation, what is left up to the states. We know students with disabilities were not getting an education until there's a federal mandate."


"Parents of students with disabilities, it's a fight," he added. "The only thing they have on their side is federal law and the Department of Education. Leave it up to the states, they're not going to get much."


Matt Laslo has covered Congress since 2006, bringing Raw Story readers the personalities behind the politics and policy straight from Capitol Hill. Based in Washington, D.C., Matt has been a long-time contributor to NPR, WIRED, VICE News, The Daily Beast, Rolling Stone, and Playboy. More about Matt Laslo.
AMERIKA IS WHITE

Trump’s US government erases
ALL minorities from websites, policies

By AFP
March 19, 2025

MINORITY WORKERS ERASING BLM


Washington authorities last week began removing a mural that said 'Black Lives Matter,' in line with the Trump administration's assault on diversity and racial justice programs - Copyright AFP/File NICHOLAS KAMM, Handout

Asad Hashim, with Paula Ramon in Los Angeles

From erasing the stories of Navajo “code talkers” on the Pentagon website to demolishing a “Black Lives Matter” mural in Washington, President Donald Trump’s assault on diversity across the United States government is dismantling decades of racial justice programs.

Delivering on a campaign promise, the Republican billionaire made it one of his first acts in office to terminate all federal government diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs, which he said led to “illegal and immoral discrimination.”

The crackdown on DEI initiatives at the Pentagon has been broad, ranging from a ban on recruiting transgender troops — a move stayed by a court this week — to removing vast troves of documents and images from its website.

Earlier this month, Civil War historian Kevin M. Levin reported that Arlington National Cemetery had begun to wipe its website of the histories of Black, Hispanic and women war veterans.

“It’s a sad day when our own military is forced to turn its back on sharing the stories of the brave men and women, who have served this country with honor,” Levin wrote on his Substack.

“This insanity must stop.”

– ‘Woke cultural Marxism’ –

References to war heroes, military firsts, and even notable African Americans were among the swathe of images and articles marked for deletion, according to a database obtained by the Associated Press.

Among the more than 26,000 items marked to be removed were references to the Enola Gay, the US aircraft that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945 — apparently because the plane’s name triggered a digital search for word associated with LGBT inclusion.

Other content removed by the Pentagon included stories on the Tuskegee Airmen, who were the first African American military aviators, and baseball legend and veteran Jackie Robinson.

Responding to a question on those and other removals, the Pentagon on Wednesday said it saluted the individuals, but refused to see “them through the prism of immutable characteristics.”

“(DEI) is a form of Woke cultural Marxism that Divides the force, Erodes unit cohesion and Interferes with the services’ core warfighting mission,” said Pentagon Press Secretary John Ullyot.

He added that in “rare cases” that content was removed that should not have been, it would be restored — as was the case with the articles on Robinson and on Navajo “code talkers” — but defiantly stood by the purge as a whole.

– ‘Erase history’ –

Not everyone has been convinced by the Pentagon’s explanations around the purge.

Descendants of the Native Americans who played a vital role for US forces in World War II said they had been shocked to discover their ancestors’ heroic contributions had been effectively deleted from the public record.

“I definitely see it as an attempt to erase the history of people of color in general,” said Zonnie Gorman, daughter of military veteran Carl Gorman.

Carl Gorman was one of the young Navajo “code talkers” recruited by the US Navy in 1942 to test the use of their Indigenous language, whose complex structure made it an almost impossible-to-crack wartime code.

Several web pages detailing the role of the group, whose contribution was key to the United States’ victories in the Pacific between 1942 and 1945 in battles such as Iwo Jima, recently disappeared from the Pentagon’s site.

For Gorman, a historian, the action was an insult.

“From the very beginning, we are very invisible in this country, and so to have a story that was so well recognized for us as Indigenous people, that felt good,” she told AFP.

“And then this is like a slap in the face.”

– Chilling effect –

The US president’s move to end DEI programs has also affected more than just the federal government.

Since he won last year’s election, several major US corporations — including Google, Meta, Amazon and McDonalds — have either entirely scrapped or dramatically scaled back their DEI programs.

According to the New York Times, the number of companies on the S&P 500 that used the words “diversity, equity and inclusion” in company filings had fallen nearly 60 percent compared to 2024.

The American Civil Liberties Union says Trump’s policies have taken a “‘shock and awe’ approach that upends longstanding, bipartisan federal policy meant to open doors that had been unfairly closed.”

US federal anti-discrimination programs were born of the 1960s civil rights struggle, mainly led by Black Americans, for equality and justice after hundreds of years of slavery, whose abolition in 1865 saw other institutional forms of racism enforced.

Today, Black Americans and other minorities continue to disproportionately face police violence, incarceration, poverty, homelessness and hate crimes, according to official data.

'Didn’t tell me friend’s husband is Black': Campground owner evicts families over race

 Virginia Mercury
March 20, 2025

Smith Mountain Lake. (Kevin Capretti/Shutterstock)

A Franklin County jury has awarded $750,000 in damages to two families who were evicted from a Smith Mountain Lake campground after the owner learned one of the family members was Black. The verdict marks the largest fair housing jury award ever secured by the Virginia attorney general’s office, according to a news release by Attorney General Jason Miyares.

The case centered on Regina Turner, owner of Lazy Cove Campground, who had rented lakeside lots to families for decades. But in June 2020, she abruptly sought to evict two families after discovering that one of the husbands, Damien Smith, was Black.

According to a complaint filed with the Virginia Fair Housing Board, which was first reported by The Washington Post, Turner told a tenant, “You didn’t tell me that your friend’s husband is Black… Had I known, I wouldn’t have rented the lot to them. I saw the son, but I figured everyone makes a mistake.”

Miyares hailed the jury’s decision as a critical victory against racial discrimination in fair housing.

“Housing discrimination — and discrimination of any kind — will not be tolerated in Virginia,” Miyares said in a statement Thursday. “We are pleased by the jury’s verdict, and I’m immensely proud of my Civil Rights Unit. The people of Franklin County have spoken: Smith Mountain Lake is for everyone.”

Turner denied evicting the families but admitted to making the controversial phone call. “I did say that to a degree,” she said in an interview with The Post. “I said I have a right to know who’s moving in. I did feel betrayed.” However, court documents also allege that she told another tenant’s mother, “No Blacks are allowed in my campground.”

The lawsuit stemmed from the experiences of two longtime friends, Amanda Mills and Angela Smith, who had viewed Lazy Cove as a perfect escape during the pandemic, setting up their campers side by side. Mills had negotiated a lease with Turner without issue, but after learning of Smith’s husband’s race, Turner took swift action to remove both families.

When the families attempted to leave, Turner refused to refund their rental fees or allow them to sell their campers — restrictions not imposed on other tenants. The Smiths say the most painful part of the ordeal was Turner’s alleged remark about their son.

The jury needed less than two hours to deliberate before awarding $100,000 to each couple for their losses, humiliation, and emotional distress. They also imposed $550,000 in punitive damages to hold Turner accountable and deter future discrimination.

“It was like a sigh of relief, but at the same time, I’m still angry because we never should have had to go through this,” Damien Smith said following the verdict. “It was 2020 at the time, and somehow we’re still getting judged by the color of our skin versus the kind of person we are.”

Turner’s attorney has since filed a motion to overturn the verdict, with a court hearing scheduled for April.
'Screamingly demented': Shock — and mockery — as Musk poised to get top secret US war plans


Daniel Hampton
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


A new report drew considerable alarm and some mockery from social media observers as the Pentagon plans to brief tech billionaire Elon Musk on military plans in the event of a possible war with China.

Two U.S. officials confirmed the scheduled meeting to the New York Times. A third official said the briefing would focus on China, while a fourth confirmed only that Musk – President Donald Trump’s top campaign donor and head of his Department of Government Efficiency – was lined up to be at the Pentagon on Friday.

Giving Musk, the world’s richest man, inside details “to some of the nation’s most closely guarded military secrets would be a dramatic expansion of his already extensive role as an adviser to President Trump and leader of his effort to slash spending and purge the government of people and policies they oppose,” according to the Times.

The Pentagon's operational plans "are among the military’s most closely guarded secrets,” the report noted.

Stunned social media critics blasted the decision — while some said it was just par for the course with Donald Trump.


Mike Boylan-Kolchin‪, an astrophysicist and professor at the University of Texas, joked on Bluseky: "There’s a decent shot that he casually posts these on Twitter because he’s bored or hopped up on goofballs."

David Rothkopf‪, columnist at The Daily Beast, wrote on Bluesky: "This is insane. In a time when lunacy dominates our headlines this is more screamingly demented and dangerous than almost anything we've seen so far. Musk--friend of Putin, business partner of China, ketamine taking white supremacist--is being given our war plans?"

New York Times columnist Jamelle Bouie joked on Bluesky: "yeah makes sense, he’s the president," referring to Musk.


Frank Figliuzzi‪, senior national security and intelligence analyst at NBC News, warned on Bluesky, "A clear and present danger," referring to Musk.

The anti-Trump social media account Republicans Against Trumpism lamented on Bluesky, "This. Is. Not. Normal."

Matt Novak‪, tech reporter at Gizmodo, noted on Bluesky, "Musk is a defense contractor and has a factory in China. The fact that he’s going to get a briefing like this is truly failed state territory."


Kate Conger, tech reporter for the New York Times, questioned on Bluesky: "Is it good to give the China war plan to Elon Musk, or...."

"Steve Bannon gotta be so p----- rn," chided Julia Carrie Wong, senior reporter at The Guardian US.

She added: "I don’t really know all the geopolitics of this but I do know that Elon musk has factories in China and a funny little tendency to suggest that it doesn’t really make sense for Taiwan to be independent and Steve Bannon is a huge China hawk who’s gonna flip his gourd.


In another post, she warned: "seriously China has enormous leverage over musk it’s his biggest market and he relies on govt support for his factories etc this is flipping insane."


Alarm as Elon Musk gets access to top-secret plan for war with China


Erik De La Garza
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


Elon Musk displays a chainsaw given to him by President of Argentina Javier Milei during the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland, U.S., February 20, 2025. REUTERS/Nathan Howard TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY

Elon Musk is set to receive a briefing at the Pentagon on Friday over top-secret U.S.-China war plans, The New York Times reported late Thursday.


The Times spoke with two U.S. officials who confirmed the scheduled meeting. A third official said the briefing would focus on China, while a fourth confirmed only that Musk – President Donald Trump’s top campaign donor and head of his Department of Government Efficiency – was lined up to be at the Pentagon on Friday.

Giving Musk, the world’s richest man, inside details “to some of the nation’s most closely guarded military secrets would be a dramatic expansion of his already extensive role as an adviser to President Trump and leader of his effort to slash spending and purge the government of people and policies they oppose,” according to the Times.

It also puts yet another spotlight on his conflicts of interests, the report noted, adding that in addition to his free range across the federal government, he continues to run businesses with deep government contracts.

“In this case, Mr. Musk, the billionaire chief executive of both SpaceX and Tesla, is a leading supplier to the Pentagon and has extensive financial interests in China,” the report said. It added that “Pentagon war plans, known in military jargon as O-plans or operational plans, are among the military’s most closely guarded secrets.”

Any leaks to foreign countries could make the plans “far less likely to succeed,” according to the Times. Musk’s top-secret briefing is expected to consist of about 20 to 30 slides that lay out how the U.S. would respond militarily to a conflict with China.

“It covers the plan beginning with the indications and warning of a threat from China to various options on what Chinese targets to hit, over what time period, that would be presented to Mr. Trump for decisions, according to officials with knowledge of the plan,” the Times reported.

Todd Harrison, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, raised concerns about Musk's access to the Times.

“Musk at a war-planning briefing?” he said. “Giving the CEO of one defense company unique access seems like this could be grounds for a contract protest and is a real conflict of interest.”


'Fake News is at it again': Trump lashes out as he blasts 'disgraceful' NYT report

Daniel Hampton
March 20, 2025 
RAW STORY


FILE PHOTO: U.S. President Donald Trump attends a bilateral meeting with China's President Xi Jinping during the G20 leaders summit in Osaka, Japan, June 29, 2019. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/File Photo

President Donald Trump lashed out at The New York Times late Thursday after the paper reported tech billionaire Elon Musk is set to receive a briefing on top-secret military plans in the event of a war with China.

The Times said it spoke with two U.S. officials who confirmed the scheduled meeting on Friday. A third official said the briefing would focus on China, while a fourth confirmed only that Musk – Trump’s top campaign donor and head of his Department of Government Efficiency – was lined up to be at the Pentagon on Friday.

Giving Musk, the world’s richest man, inside details “to some of the nation’s most closely guarded military secrets would be a dramatic expansion of his already extensive role as an adviser to President Trump and leader of his effort to slash spending and purge the government of people and policies they oppose,” the Times wrote.

The Pentagon's operational plans "are among the military’s most closely guarded secrets,” the report noted.

The report left social media critics aghast, leading to a deluge of criticism against the Trump administration.


But Trump hit back at the Times, taking to his Truth Social platform to say, "The Fake News is at it again, this time the Failing New York Times."

"They said, incorrectly, that Elon Musk is going to the Pentagon tomorrow to be briefed on any potential 'war with China.' How ridiculous? China will not even be mentioned or discussed. How disgraceful it is that the discredited media can make up such lies. Anyway, the story is completely untrue!!!"




Embattled Tesla recalls Cybertrucks over risk of panel detachment



By AFP
March 20, 2025


US President Donald Trump (R) with Tesla CEO Elon Musk (L) and a Cybertruck at the White House - Copyright AFP/File Mandel NGAN

Tesla is recalling more than 46,000 Cybertrucks because of a defect that can lead an exterior panel to detach, increasing the risk of a crash, according to a safety notice reviewed Thursday by AFP.

The recall affects essentially all of the futuristic-looking vehicles delivered in the United States.

The move is due to a part Tesla calls a “cant rail” — an exterior panel — that was affixed with an adhesive “susceptible to environmental embrittlement,” according to a company filing on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration website.

Detachment of the part, which Tesla describes as “cosmetic,” poses the risk of creating a “road hazard for following motorists and increase their risk of injury or a collision,” according to the NHTSA document.

The recall is the latest blemish on the stainless steel behemoths, a signature vehicle for Elon Musk’s electric auto company.

It comes as the brand encounters consumer blowback in the wake of Musk’s key advisory role in President Donald Trump’s administration.

Tesla received two field complaints in January about the issue, but company engineers determined there was no problem.

Then in February, the NHTSA notified Tesla of another complaint.

The company, which also cited social media postings on the issue, undertook another investigation that led to a voluntary recall, said Tesla, which will use a different adhesive to attach the part.

As of March 14, Tesla had 151 warranty claims that may be related to the condition. The company said it knows of no accidents.

Demand for the Cybertruck and other Tesla vehicles has tumbled in recent weeks in many consumer markets as Musk presses on with deep cuts in US government departments and staffing through his Department of Government Efficiency.

Analyst Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities called for Musk to clearly define how he will balance his role with Trump and his duties as Tesla CEO.

“Let’s call it like it is: Tesla is going through a crisis and there is one person who can fix it….Musk,” said Ives, who argued that Musk must provide details on when new vehicles will arrive in dealerships and about a plan for autonomous driving in Texas.

“The violence at Tesla dealers, cars being keyed in parking lots, social movements against Musk around the globe…have all created a massive overhang for Tesla’s stock,” Ives said. “This is a moment of truth for Musk.”

Tesla shares fell in early trade Thursday.


Tech firms fight to stem deepfake deluge

By AFP
March 19, 2025


Image: — © AFP Anthony WALLACE


Thomas URBAIN

Tech firms are fighting the scourge of deepfakes, those deceptively realistic voices or videos used by scammers that are more available than ever thanks to artificial intelligence.

Ever-improving generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools have become weapons in the hands of bad actors intent on tricking people out of their money or even their identities.

Debby Bodkin tells of her 93-year-old mother receiving a telephone call, a cloned voice claiming, “It’s me, mom… I’ve had an accident.”

When asked where they were, the machine-made impersonator named a hospital.

Fortunately, it was a granddaughter who answered the phone, opting to hang up and call Bodkin at work where she was safe and well.

“It’s not the first time scammers have called grandma,” Bodkin told AFP. “It’s daily.”

Such deepfake phone scams typically go on to coax victims into paying for medical care or other made-up emergencies.

Used on social networks to hijack the notoriety of celebrities or other high-profile figures, sometimes for disinformation, deepfakes are also being exploited by criminal gangs.

Hong Kong police earlier this year revealed that a multinational firm employee was tricked into wiring HK$200 million (around US$26 million) to crooks who staged a videoconference with AI avatars of his colleagues.

Ever-improving generative artificial intelligence tools have become weapons in the hands of bad actors – Copyright AFP Anthony WALLACE

A recent study by identification start-up iBoom found that a scant tenth of one percent of Americans and Britons were able to correctly tell when a picture or video was a deepfake.

A decade ago, there was a single AI tool for generating synthetic voices — now there are hundreds of them, according to voice authentication specialist Vijay Balasubramaniyan, CEO of Pindrop Security.

GenAI has changed the game, he said.

“Before, it took 20 hours (of voice recording) to recreate your voice,” the executive told AFP.

“Now, it’s five seconds.”

Firms such as Intel have stepped up with tools to detect GenAI-made audio or video in real-time.

Intel “FakeCatcher” detects color changes in facial blood vessels to distinguish genuine from bogus imagery.

Pindrop breaks down every second of audio and compares it with characteristics of a human voice.

“You have to keep up with the times,” says Nicos Vekiarides, chief of Attestiv platform which specializes in authenticating digital creations.

“In the beginning, we saw people with six fingers on one hand, but progress has made it harder and harder to tell (deepfakes) with the naked eye.”

– ‘Global cybersecurity threat’ –

Balasubramaniyan believes that software for spotting AI content will become standard at companies of all kinds.

While GenAI has blurred the boundary between human and machine, companies that re-establish that divide could soar in a market that will be worth billions of dollars, he said.

Vekiarides warned that the issue “is becoming a global cybersecurity threat.”

“Any company can have its reputation tarnished by a deepfake or be targeted by these sophisticated attacks,” Vekiarides said.

Balasubramaniyan added that the shift to telework provides more opportunity for bad actors to impersonate their way into companies.

Beyond the corporate world, many expect consumers to look for ways to fight off deepfake scams endangering their personal lives.

In January, China-based Honor unveiled a Magic7 smartphone with a built-in deepfake detector powered by AI.

British start-up Surf Security late last year launched a web browser that can flag synthetic voice or video, aiming it at businesses.

Siwei Lyu, a professor of computer science at the State University of New York at Buffalo, believes “deepfakes will become like spam,” an internet nightmare that people eventually get under control.

“Those detection algorithms will be like spam filters in our email software,” Lyu predicted.

“We’re not there yet.”

SPACE/COSMOS

Dark energy seems to be changing, rattling our view of universe

AETHYR BY ANY OTHER NAME 


By AFP
March 19, 2025


What if dark energy is not what we thought it was? This strange force could be weakening over time, observations suggest 

- Copyright AFP JOHN WESSELS

Bénédicte Rey and Daniel Lawler

Dark energy, the mysterious force thought to be driving the ever-faster expansion of the universe, appears to be changing over time, according to new observations released Wednesday.

If dark energy is in fact weakening, it would likely mean that science’s understanding of how the universe works will need to be rewritten.

The new findings come from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), which sits on a telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in the US state of Arizona.

“What we are seeing is deeply intriguing,” said Alexie Leauthaud-Harnett, a spokesperson for the DESI collaboration which brings together 70 institutions across the world.

“It is exciting to think that we may be on the cusp of a major discovery about dark energy and the fundamental nature of our universe,” she said in a statement.

The DESI instrument’s thin optical fibres can simultaneously observe 5,000 galaxies or quasars — blazing monsters with a black hole at their heart — for 20 minutes.

This allows scientists to calculate the age and distance of these objects, and create a map of the universe so they can detect patterns and trace its history.



– ‘Tensions’ emerging –



Scientists have known for a century that the universe is expanding, because massive clusters of galaxies have been observed moving away from each other.

In the late 1990s, scientists shocked the field by discovering that the universe’s expansion has been speeding up over time.

The name dark energy was given to the phenomenon driving this acceleration, the effects of which seem to be partially offset by ordinary matter — and an also unknown thing called dark matter.

The universe is thought to be made of 70 percent dark energy, 25 percent dark matter — and just five percent normal matter.

Science’s best understanding of how the universe works, which is called the standard cosmological model, refers to dark energy as being constant — meaning it does not change.

The idea was first introduced by Albert Einstein in his theory of relativity.

Arnaud de Mattia, a French physicist involved in analysing the DESI data, told AFP that the standard model is “satisfactory” but some “tensions” are emerging between observations.

There are several different ways of measuring the expansion of the universe, including looking at the lingering radiation from after the Big Bang, exploding stars called supernovae and how gravity distorts the light of galaxies.

When the DESI team combined their new data with other measurements, they found “signs that the impact of dark energy may be weakening over time”, according to a statement.

“When we combine all the cosmological data, it favours that the universe’s expansion was accelerating at a slightly higher rate around seven billion years ago,” de Mattia said.

But for the moment there is “absolutely not certainty” about this, he added.



– ‘Inflection point’ –



French physicist Etienne Burtin was confident that “we should have a clearer picture within five years”.

This is because there is loads of new data expected from DESI, Europe’s Euclid space telescope, NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman space telescope and the Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile.

“This new generation of surveys — in the next few years — will nail this,” Joshua Frieman, a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Chicago, told AFP.

But for now, “we’re at this interesting inflection point”, added Frieman, a dark energy expert and former DESI member.

Burtin said confirming the “evolving dark energy” theory would be a “revolution on the level of the discovery of accelerated expansion”, which itself was the subject of a physics Nobel.

“The standard cosmological model would have to be different,” he added.

The DESI research, which involved three years’ worth of observations of 15 million galaxies and quasars, was presented at a conference of the American Physical Society in California.

What is dark energy? One of science’s great mysteries, explained



By AFP
March 20, 2025


The truth is out there: Scientists hope to crack the case of dark energy in the next few years - Copyright AFP/File NICHOLAS KAMM, Handout


Daniel Lawler

Dark energy makes up roughly 70 percent of the universe, yet we know nothing about it.

Around 25 percent of the universe is the equally mysterious dark matter, leaving just five percent for everything that we can see and touch — matter made up of atoms.

Dark energy is the placeholder name scientists have given to the unknown force causing the universe to expand faster and faster over time.

But some recent cosmic clues have been chipping away at the leading theory for this phenomenon, which could eventually mean humanity will have to rethink our understanding of the universe.

And with several new telescopes taking aim at the problem, scientists hope to have some concrete answers soon.

Here is what you need to know about what many scientists have called the greatest mystery in the universe.

– So what is dark energy exactly? –

No one knows. It is invisible and it does not interact with matter or light.

And it may not even exist.

This story begins — like everything else — at the Big Bang around 13.8 billion years ago, when the universe first started expanding.

Since then, there has been “cosmic tug-of-war” between two mysterious forces, Joshua Frieman, a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Chicago, told AFP.

Dark matter is thought to pull galaxies together, while dark energy pushes them apart.

During the first nine or so billion years of the universe, “dark matter was winning,” forming galaxies and everything else, Frieman said.

Then dark energy gained the upper hand, starting to speed up the expansion of the universe.

However for most of history, scientists had little idea this almighty tussle was going on. They thought that the expansion of the universe would simply start to slow down because of gravity.

Everything changed in 1998, when two separate groups of astronomers noticed that distant exploding stars called supernovae were farther away than they ought to be.

This led to the discovery that the universe is not just expanding — it is do so faster and faster.

So what could be causing this acceleration? They gave this strange force a name: dark energy.

– What are the main theories? –

The leading theory has long been that empty space itself produces dark energy.

Think of a cup of coffee, Frieman said.

“If I remove all the particles from the cup of coffee, there is still energy in there due to what we call the quantum vacuum,” he said.

This energy of empty space is known as the cosmological constant. It is the theory used in the standard model of cosmology, Lambda-CDM, which is our best guess for how the universe works.

But in recent years, several scientific results have appeared to support a rival theory — called evolving dark energy — which has brought the standard model into question.

On Wednesday, new results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument provided the latest signs that dark energy could actually be weakening over time.

However the scientists behind the research emphasise there is not yet definitive proof.

If proven right, this would rule out that dark energy is a cosmological constant.

It could not be “the energy of empty space — because empty space doesn’t change,” explained Frieman, a leading proponent of the theory.

For dark matter to change, it would likely require the existence of some incredibly light, as-yet-unknown particle.

Another possibility is that there is something wrong with our calculations — or our understanding of gravity.

Einstein’s theory of relativity has withstood an incredible amount of scientific scrutiny over the last century, and has been proven right again and again.

There is no evidence that Einstein was wrong, but there is “a little bit of room” to change his theory when it comes to the largest scales of the universe, Frieman said.

– When could we know more? –

Soon. The best way to understand dark energy is to look at a vast swathe of sky, taking in as many galaxies with as much data as possible.

And a bunch of new telescopes are working to do just that.

On Wednesday, Europe’s Euclid space telescope released its first astronomical data since launching in 2023 — but any dark energy results are a couple of years away.

NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman space telescope, planned for launch in 2027, and the under-construction Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile will also take aim at the problem.

It is an exciting time for dark energy, Frieman said, adding that he expected a “definitive answer” in the next couple of years.

There is no time to waste, Frieman said.

“Every minute we wait, galaxies are disappearing from view.”


Oxygen discovered in most distant known galaxy





ESO

Furthest detection of oxygen in the early Universe 

image: 

This image shows the precise location in the night sky of the galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0, an extremely tiny dot in the Fornax constellation. As of today, this is the most distant confirmed galaxy we know of. Its light took 13.4 billion years to reach us and shows the conditions of the Universe when it was only 300 million years old. The inset of the image shows a close-up of this primordial galaxy as seen with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The inset is overlaid on an image taken with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope.

When two research teams studied this galaxy with ALMA, operated by ESO and its international partners, they uncovered something unexpected: the spectrum of the galaxy indicated the presence of oxygen. This is the most distant detection of oxygen ever, and it defies what we knew about galaxy formation in the early Universe. The presence of heavy elements like oxygen suggest that these early galaxies evolved more rapidly than we thought. It is like finding an adolescent where you would only expect babies. 

view more 

Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Carniani et al./S. Schouws et al/JWST: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Phill Cargile (CfA)




Two different teams of astronomers have detected oxygen in the most distant known galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0. The discovery, reported in two separate studies, was made possible thanks to the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), in which the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is a partner. This record-breaking detection is making astronomers rethink how quickly galaxies formed in the early Universe.

Discovered last year, JADES-GS-z14-0 is the most distant confirmed galaxy ever found: it is so far away, its light took 13.4 billion years to reach us, meaning we see it as it was when the Universe was less than 300 million years old, about 2% of its present age. The new oxygen detection with ALMA, a telescope array in Chile’s Atacama Desert, suggests the galaxy is much more chemically mature than expected.

It is like finding an adolescent where you would only expect babies,” says Sander Schouws, a PhD candidate at Leiden Observatory, the Netherlands, and first author of the Dutch-led study, now accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. “The results show the galaxy has formed very rapidly and is also maturing rapidly, adding to a growing body of evidence that the formation of galaxies happens much faster than was expected." 

Galaxies usually start their lives full of young stars, which are made mostly of light elements like hydrogen and helium. As stars evolve, they create heavier elements like oxygen, which get dispersed through their host galaxy after they die. Researchers had thought that, at 300 million years old, the Universe was still too young to have galaxies ripe with heavy elements. However, the two ALMA studies indicate JADES-GS-z14-0 has about 10 times more heavy elements than expected.

I was astonished by the unexpected results because they opened a new view on the first phases of galaxy evolution,” says Stefano Carniani, of the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa, Italy, and lead author on the paper now accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. “The evidence that a galaxy is already mature in the infant Universe raises questions about when and how galaxies formed.”

The oxygen detection has also allowed astronomers to make their distance measurements to JADES-GS-z14-0 much more accurate. “The ALMA detection offers an extraordinarily precise measurement of the galaxy’s distance down to an uncertainty of just 0.005 percent. This level of precision — analogous to being accurate within 5 cm over a distance of 1 km — helps refine our understanding of distant galaxy properties,” adds Eleonora Parlanti, a PhD student at the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa and author on the Astronomy & Astrophysics study [1].

While the galaxy was originally discovered with the James Webb Space Telescope, it took ALMA to confirm and precisely determine its enormous distance,” [2] says Associate Professor Rychard Bouwens, a member of the team at Leiden Observatory. “This shows the amazing synergy between ALMA and JWST to reveal the formation and evolution of the first galaxies.”

Gergö Popping, an ESO astronomer at the European ALMA Regional Centre who did not take part in the studies, says: "I was really surprised by this clear detection of oxygen in JADES-GS-z14-0. It suggests galaxies can form more rapidly after the Big Bang than had previously been thought. This result showcases the important role ALMA plays in unraveling the conditions under which the first galaxies in our Universe formed."

Notes

[1] Astronomers use a measurement known as redshift to determine the distance to extremely distant objects. Previous measurements indicated that the galaxy JADES-GS-z-14-0 was at a redshift between about 14.12 and 14.4. With their oxygen detections, both teams have now narrowed this down to a redshift around 14.18.

[2] The James Webb Space Telescope is a joint project of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).

More information

This research was presented in two papers to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics (https://aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452451and The Astrophysical Journal.

The teams are composed of:

Italian-led, Astronomy & Astrophysics paper: Stefano Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy [SNS]), Francesco D’Eugenio (Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [CAM-KIC]; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [CAM-CavL] and INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy), Xihan Ji (CAM-KIC and CAM-CavL), Eleonora Parlanti (SNS), Jan Scholtz (CAM-KIC and CAM-CavL), Fengwu Sun (Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, USA [CfA]), Giacomo Venturi (SNS), Tom J. L. C. Bakx (Department of Space, Earth, & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden), Mirko Curti (European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany), Roberto Maiolino (CAM-KIC, CAM-CavL and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [UCL]), Sandro Tacchella (CAM-KIC and CAM-CavL), Jorge A. Zavala (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan), Kevin Hainline (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA [UArizona-SO]), Joris Witstok (Cosmic Dawn Center, Copenhagen, Denmark [DAWN] and CAM-CavL), Benjamin D. Johnson [CfA], Stacey Alberts [UArizona-SO], Andrew J. Bunker (Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [Oxford]), Stéphane Charlot (Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Paris, France), Daniel J. Eisenstein (CfA), Jakob M. Helton (UArizona-SO), Peter Jakobsen (DAWN and Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), Nimisha Kumari (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA), Brant Robertson (Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), Aayush Saxena (Oxford and UCL), Hannah Übler (CAM-KIC and CAM-CavL), Christina C. Williams (NSF NOIRLab, Tucson, USA), Christopher N. A. Willmer (UArizona-SO) and Chris Willott (NRC Herzberg, Victoria, Canada).

Dutch-led, The Astrophysical Journal paper: Sander Schouws (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands [Leiden]), Rychard J. Bouwens (Leiden), Katherine Ormerod (Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom [LJMU]), Renske Smit (LJMU), Hiddo Algera (Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan), Laura Sommovigo (Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, USA), Jacqueline Hodge (Leiden), Andrea Ferrara (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy), Pascal A. Oesch (Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland; Cosmic Dawn Center, Copenhagen, Denmark and Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), Lucie E. Rowland (Leiden), Ivana van Leeuwen (Leiden), Mauro Stefanon (Leiden), Thomas Herard-Demanche (Leiden), Yoshinobu Fudamoto (Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan), Huub Rottgering (Leiden) and Paul van der Werf (Leiden).

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of ESO, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded by ESO on behalf of its Member States, by NSF in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan and by NINS in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). ALMA construction and operations are led by ESO on behalf of its Member States; by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), managed by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), on behalf of North America; and by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) on behalf of East Asia. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA. 

The European Southern Observatory (ESO) enables scientists worldwide to discover the secrets of the Universe for the benefit of all. We design, build and operate world-class observatories on the ground — which astronomers use to tackle exciting questions and spread the fascination of astronomy — and promote international collaboration for astronomy. Established as an intergovernmental organisation in 1962, today ESO is supported by 16 Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom), along with the host state of Chile and with Australia as a Strategic Partner. ESO’s headquarters and its visitor centre and planetarium, the ESO Supernova, are located close to Munich in Germany, while the Chilean Atacama Desert, a marvellous place with unique conditions to observe the sky, hosts our telescopes. ESO operates three observing sites: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope and its Very Large Telescope Interferometer, as well as survey telescopes such as VISTA. Also at Paranal ESO will host and operate the Cherenkov Telescope Array South, the world’s largest and most sensitive gamma-ray observatory. Together with international partners, ESO operates ALMA on Chajnantor, a facility that observes the skies in the millimetre and submillimetre range. At Cerro Armazones, near Paranal, we are building “the world’s biggest eye on the sky” — ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope. From our offices in Santiago, Chile we support our operations in the country and engage with Chilean partners and society. 

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