Wednesday, September 09, 2026

 

Europe's young planetary defenders recognized on world stage as Erasmus+ StAnD Project concludes



International Science Council Committee on Space Research

StAnD students receiv Certificates of Achievement during the Opening Reception at the COSPAR 45th Scientific Assembly 

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From left to right: COSPAR Chair of Panel on Education Rosa Doran, accompanying StAnD teacher Tabea Mann, with StAnD students Anna Lotta, Cheyenne, Inès and Martina; behind: COSPAR Executive Director Jean-Claude Worms.

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Credit: COSPAR/Sarah Leach






Florence, Italy, 8 September 2026 – Four secondary school students from Italy, France and Germany have been recognised for their achievements in space science at the Opening Reception of the 46th COSPAR Scientific Assembly in Florence, marking an inspiring culmination of the three-year Erasmus+ Students As Planetary Defenders (StAnD) project.

The students received Certificates of Achievement during the Opening Reception, where their accomplishments were presented to an international audience of around 3,000 space scientists, engineers and researchers gathered in Florence for the world’s premier space research conference. The following day they and their teachers shared their experience of StAnD with educators from around the world during the sessions of the Panel on Education.

 

From classroom to real space science

Since its launch in September 2023, StAnD has engaged more than 2,000 students and nearly 500 teachers across Europe and beyond in STEM activities focused on comets, asteroids, micrometeorites and planetary defence.

The project has given primary and secondary school students the opportunity to experience scientific research first-hand. Using real data, scientific instruments and professional research networks, students have:

  • used robotic telescopes from the Las Cumbres Global Observatory network to plan observations, retrieve and analyse data, and create their own astronomical images;
  • calculated meteor trajectories with the PRISMA/INAF meteor cameras and their data to map meteor paths using PASCAL (PRISMA All-Sky Camera Analysis Laboratory) software to identify possible landing areas for the recovery of meteorites;
  • analysed astronomical images to search for asteroids in collaboration with the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC), resulting in 72 preliminary asteroid discoveries;
  • collected and analysed micrometeorites through hands-on outdoor and laboratory activities.

These activities were integrated into participating schools' curricula and astronomy clubs through a student-centred, project-based approach. Rather than simply learning about astronomy, students became active participants in scientific research, gaining first-hand experience of the methods, collaboration and critical thinking that underpin modern space science.

StAnD has shown that when students are given real scientific tools and mentorship, they become not just learners but contributors to the global space science endeavour,” said Dr. Jean Claude Worms, Executive Director of COSPAR.

What I enjoyed most about this project is that there are so many different parts that come together,” said Tabea Mann, an accompanying teacher from Germany. “First, for example, we can observe meteorites or asteroids with the robotic telescopes, then we can calculate, through triangulation, where they fall …, and then also search in this (area) to see if there are meteorites to find.”

Said student Martina Maze, one of the StAnD students present during the COSPAR Assembly: “This year my science teacher Giulio Colombo and I simulated collecting a meteorite. …before actually doing it, I didn't realize all the work that went into it. Well, once done, I realized that behind it there’s not only the search for a stone, but there is a whole commitment, since you have to recognize the stone, you have to recognize the meteorite itself, …and a whole lot of other things.”

Giulio Colombo, Martina’s teacher, said “The StAnD project gave me the opportunity to put the knowledge I acquired through the PRISMA project into practice at school… We hope we have planted some seeds and maybe in the future we will find some meteorite researchers, thanks to this project!”

 

 

Building lasting capacity in schools

StAnD has also focused on empowering teachers to bring authentic space science into the classroom. The project supported educators through a purpose-built Teacher’s Manual, online MOOC and two summer schools.

During the COSPAR Scientific Assembly, the students and their teachers presented their work during the Panel on Education sessions, sharing their experiences and results with leading international experts. Their work included the creation of a 2027 calendar featuring astronomical images produced through StAnD activities.

Their participation demonstrated how authentic space-science research can be integrated into school education while supporting the project's wider goals: to engage young people in the study of asteroids, meteors and planetary defence; increase motivation and interest in STEM; and equip educators to deliver STEM-related topics through inclusive and interdisciplinary approaches.

 

Looking ahead

"The students we celebrate today represent the future of space science," said Rosa Doran, Chair of the COSPAR Panel of Education and President of NUCLIO, a partner in StAnD. "Throughout this project they have demonstrated remarkable curiosity, dedication and scientific ability. We hope this recognition marks the beginning of their scientific journeys. Perhaps one day we will welcome them back to a future COSPAR Scientific Assembly—not as students, but as researchers presenting discoveries of their own."

Led by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy, StAnD brought together organisations working in astronomy, education and science outreach from Italy, France, Portugal, Greece and Germany: COSPAR, NUCLIO, Ellinogermaniki Agogi and FTP-Europlanet. Over three years, the partnership has developed educational resources, teacher-training materials and practical activities designed to remain available to schools beyond the lifetime of the project.

As StAnD concludes, its legacy will live on through the students and teachers who have discovered that space science is not simply something to read about—it is something they can actively do.

For more information about the Students As Planetary Defenders project, visit https://projectstand.eu .

COSPAR Media contact:                     leigh.fergus@cosparhq.cnes.fr

 

About Erasmus+

Erasmus+ is the EU’s programme to support education, training, youth and sport in Europe. It has an estimated budget of €26.2 billion. This is nearly double the funding compared to its predecessor programme (2014-2020). The 2021-2027 programme places a strong focus on social inclusion, the green and digital transitions, and promoting young people’s participation in democratic life. It supports priorities and activities set out in the European Education Area, Digital Education Action Plan and the European Skills Agenda. The programme also supports the European Pillar of Social Rights; implements the EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027; and develops the European dimension in sport. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.

 

About INAF

INAF - Italian National Institute for Astrophysics is the main Italian research institute for the study of the Universe. INAF promotes the enhancement of the research results conducted or coordinated by its astronomers. Besides research in astronomy and astrophysics, INAF is very active in education towards students in schools and society through dissemination, educational and outreach activities. These activities are carried out by the 16 research facilities spread all over the country. INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, the leading partner of StAnD, is one of the most important research institutes in Piedmont (NW Italy) and its history dates back to the mid-18th century. Currently more than 100 people (including researchers, technicians, administration, students) collaborate with the Observatory activities. 

 

About COSPAR

The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) is an international scientific organization established in 1958, under the International Science Council (ISC). Its mission is to promote cooperation in space research, with an emphasis on the exchange of scientific results, information, and the development of global partnerships across disciplines for the benefit of all. Through its scientific Commissions, Panels and Task Groups, COSPAR covers a wide range of space science fields, including Earth observation, planetary protection, astrophysics, and space life sciences and is a trusted advisor to the United Nations on critical issues in space research. It plays a key role in fostering collaboration between the global scientific community, space agencies, industry, and emerging space nations. Through capacity building workshops, it supports the growth of space science expertise worldwide and its biennial event, the COSPAR Scientific Assembly, gathers thousands of researchers, serving as a major platform for knowledge exchange and international dialogue.

 

About NUCLIO

NUCLIONúcleo Interativo de Astronomia e Inovação em Educação – is a non-governmental organisation that trains teachers in the use of new technologies, innovative methodologies, promotion of real research in the classroom where students are introduced to the scientific methods using robotic telescopes, data mining, and other advanced tools for science learning. NUCLIO is the coordinator of one of the largest astronomy education efforts in the world, the Galileo Teacher Training Program.

 

About Ellinogermaniki Agogi

Ellinogermaniki Agogi is one of the most innovative schools in Europe with 2300 students (ages 5 to 18) and 250 teachers. The school continuously modernises STEM education by promoting and creating learning environments for students and offering numerous opportunities for teachers’ professional development enabling them to thrive in the landscape of unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the 21st century.

 

About FTP-Europlanet

Founded in 2021, and located in Weinheim, Germany, FTP-Europlanet gUG builds on the heritage of the Faulkes Telescope Project (FTP), established in 2004 to bring the excitement of observing with research-grade telescopes into classrooms. Through an MoU with the Europlanet Executive Board, FTP-Europlanet gUG draws on the 18 years’ experience of Europlanet in delivering media, communications and education activities and training for the European planetary community, with a particular emphasis on supporting early career researchers to develop skills for their future careers.

 

Safeguarding European plant health: New joint factsheet outlines synergy between Horizon Europe projects FORSAID, CERBERUS and STELLA



Pensoft Publishers
FORSAID, CERBERUS and STELLA Infographic 

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The first page of the joint infographic, opening with the headline "Technology-driven early detection of biotic stressors threatening European plant health".

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Credit: Pensoft Publishers






One of the biggest threats to Europe's forests and farms is the spread of biotic stressors, capable of reversing decades of cultivation and conservation. As part of its efforts to address this challenge, the EU has mobilised three sister projects - FORSAID, CERBERUS and STELLA. Recently, they have released a joint factsheet presenting their complementary activities demonstrating how innovative digital technologies can improve the early detection and management of plant pests. 

The factsheet marks the latest chapter in an ongoing partnership between the three initiatives. Funded under the same Horizon Europe call, FORSAID, CERBERUS and STELLA are united by a shared vision, namely that artificial intelligence, remote sensing and citizen engagement can transform how Europe identifies and responds to pest outbreaks. The output not only offers a concise and accessible overview of each project’s respective core objective, but it also highlights where their work intersects -the thematic lines,  technological solutions and methodological approaches they have in common.

Looking at them individually, FORSAID is developing a comprehensive framework for the detection, monitoring and management of 10 EU-regulated biotic stressor species in forests. Bringing together 17 partner organisations from 10 countries, the four-year project is placing artificial intelligence and digital technologies at the core of its efforts to map the future of forest pest control in Europe.

CERBERUS is building a multi-layer early detection and monitoring system for Mediterranean agriculture. Integrating remote and proximal sensings, automation for ground solutions and AI, the project collects data from space, the field and the public to support the management of both quarantine and commonly managed pests across vineyards, olive groves and citrus orchards. This information feeds into AI-driven risk maps and spraying recommendations, helping cut pesticide use while maintaining effective crop protection. 

STELLA is developing a holistic digital system - the STELLA Pest Surveillance System (PSS) - to support the early warning and detection of regulated pests. Drawing on AI-supported innovations in satellite/UAV sensing, sensor and crowdsourcing technologies, the project pairs the detection capabilities it is developing with a response strategy designed to help stop outbreaks before they can spread.

Although FORSAID concentrates on forest pest control while CERBERUS and STELLA focus on agricultural crops, the three projects have far more in common than a shared funding call. As demonstrated within the factsheet, all three are tackling comparable challenges with overlapping tools - AI-driven risk modelling, remote sensing and citizen science monitoring among them.

This common ground has already brought the projects' younger generation of researchers together. In June 2025, PhD students and postdoctoral researchers from all three consortia met for a first joint Young Scientist Meeting, where they discussed forming dedicated working groups on citizen science, communication, remote sensing and pest surveillance.

Since then FORSAID and STELLA’s partnership has moved into the field. In May 2026 the two projects carried out joint fieldwork on the Greek island of Euboea, deploying drone-based remote sensing to evaluate tree health in forests affected by canker stain disease. 

As all three projects move deeper into their implementation phases, this spirit of collaboration is expected to grow further. The joint factsheet serves as both an introduction to their combined work and an invitation to explore what a united, technology-driven plant health protection response can achieve across Europe.

 

Psychedelics and anesthetics create mirror image patterns in the brain



A new study offers a data-driven approach to differentiating conscious state



Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan





For something so familiar to human experience, consciousness is still a mystery.

Each day, people cycle through wakefulness and sleep, from a higher level of consciousness to a lower one.

What’s more, some people alter their conscious experience with drugs such as psychedelics, or have unconsciousness induced by anesthesia.

Researchers have investigated these altered states of awareness in an attempt to understand how consciousness is organized within the brain.

A new Michigan Medicine led study takes a data driven approach and for the first time reveals that psychedelics and anesthetics create “mirror image” patterns of large-scale brain organization, with opposite network features.

The team, led by Rui Dai, Ph.D., and Zirui Huang, Ph.D., of the Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science at Michigan Medicine, analyzed functional MRI data from study participants who were administered psychedelic compounds—LSD, psilocybin and nitrous oxide—and compared them to readouts of MRIs of the brain in a sleeping state or under sedation with propofol.

“In previous literature, each individual drug’s influence on brain connectivity was analyzed separately,” said Dai.

“To our knowledge, no one has systematically assessed these two drug classes to compare network organization compared to waking consciousness.”

Specifically, the team observed that psychedelics increased functional connectivity (how closely two brain regions work together), while sleep and anesthesia reduced it.

The same pattern held for topological integration, meaning how easily information travels across the brain, and for interaction complexity, or the number of different patterns of brain interaction that can be observed.

“Overall, these results mean that during psychedelic states, the brain becomes more globally connected, more efficient in communication and more dynamic, while anesthetic states are the opposite,” said Dai.

Furthermore, their results offer a reliable way to differentiate conscious states using data.

The neural mechanism of consciousness is a longstanding scientific question, adds Huang, who is Director of the Center for Consciousness Science at University of Michigan Medical School.

“We analyze it using drugs because we know they will affect consciousness in some way, but we don’t know how. The mirror-image effect discovered by this study suggests that the integration, efficiency, and complexity of brain activity may be fundamental to consciousness.”

Additional authors: Hyunwoo Jang, Anthony G. Hudetz and George Mashour

Paper cited: “Opposite network patterns of integration-segregation in psychedelic and sedated states of consciousness,” Cell Reports. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117830

 

Researcher to study how birds could inspire quieter, more agile drones





University of Central Florida College of Engineering and Computer Science

Researcher Samik Bhattacharya 

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Researcher Samik Bhattacharya and a student in his laboratory.

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Credit: Daniel Schipper | UCF College of Engineering and Computer Science





Modern drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) struggle with safe and precise near-ground maneuvers – but birds can perform these movements effortlessly.

With that notion in mind, Associate Professor Samik Bhattacharya is studying how birds sweep their wings and use their tails during critical moments of takeoff and landing to improve the agility of drones. This research is supported through a three-year $400,000 grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Bhattacharya and his team in the Experimental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory will use 3D-printed pigeons and magpies to observe both their movements and the subsequent flow of water around their wings and tails in a water-towing tank. The aerospace engineering researcher says he specifically chose pigeons and black-billed magpies because of the similarities between their wing size and shape as well as the differences in the size of their tails.

“The magpie's tail is almost twice the size of the pigeon's tail,” Bhattacharya says. “This lets the study isolate the effect of wing-to-tail area ratio on the aerodynamics so that the differences measured between the two species can be attributed largely to the tail rather than to differences in wing geometry.”

One phenomenon that Bhattacharya is particularly interested in studying is called a dipole jet. This occurs when a bird rapidly pitches its wings during landing or takeoff. The airflow can separate near the leading edge and form a leading-edge vortex while the airflow from the trailing edge creates its own vortex. The counter-rotating pair of vortices creates a jet of fluid between them known as a dipole jet.

“This jet effectively delivers a burst of extra lift or thrust that compensates for the fact that a bird's forward speed, and the lift from its bound circulation, is too low at the start or end of flight to keep it airborne on its own,” Bhattacharya says. “The strength and direction of this jet can be tuned through wing sweep and pitch timing, directly govern the forces a bird or a future UAV experiences during the most delicate, low-speed phase of landing or takeoff.”

Dipole jets are also the reason Bhattacharya and his team are conducting their experiments in a water tank. This environment supports the high resolution optical diagnostics needed to visualize dipole jets in action. It also makes airflow much easier to measure.

The end goal of these observations is to develop concrete guidance for designers and manufacturers to create quieter and more agile drones. The findings will be shared with the robotics and aerospace industries to improve package delivery, emergency operations and urban air mobility.

“Bird-inspired fixed- or flapping-wing drones could land almost anywhere quietly and safely – think rooftop deliveries, medical supply drops in disaster zones or inspection drones that perch like birds instead of hovering,” Bhattacharya says. “Beyond aviation, the research reveals fundamental secrets of how animals move through fluids – knowledge that could improve everything from wind turbines to underwater robots.”


 

Local microbes persist in wine despite commercial yeast



American Society for Microbiology





Key Points:

  • Commercial yeast inoculation, adding a specific strain of yeast to start the fermentation process, is a common practice in winemaking.
  • Researchers tested Nebbiolo grapes and discovered that regional microbial imprints remain detectable after inoculation.
  • Microbes that come from the vineyard leave a lasting imprint on fermentation and wine aroma, even under controlled, inoculated conditions.

Washington, D.C.—A new study has demonstrated that regional microbial imprints can remain detectable under commercial winemaking conditions. The new research, appearing in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, an ASM journal, shows that inoculated fermentations do not “override” native microbial diversity and demonstrates that vineyard management and environmental conditions matter in the quality of wine. The study helps explain why wines from different regions taste distinct even when made with similar techniques and, supports regional flavors and branding.

“Regional identity in wine is biologically encoded and microbes from different vineyards behave differently and influence wine chemistry and aroma. Because microbial communities are shaped by geography, climate and viticultural practices, these factors indirectly influence fermentation outcomes and the regional typicity of wines,” said corresponding study author Kalliopi Rantsiou, Ph.D., Professor of Food Microbiology and Coordinator of the master’s degree in Viticulture and Enology at the University of Turin, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, in Italy. “Furthermore, commercial inoculation does not entirely erase microbial signatures associated with the origin of the grapes.”

The researchers conducted their study because recent research has shown that grape‑associated microbial communities are not randomly distributed but exhibit clear biogeographical structuring—meaning that different regions harbor distinct microbial assemblages. These microbial differences can influence fermentation dynamics, organic acid metabolism and volatile compound formation. This concept, often referred to as microbial terroir, has become a major frontier in wine science. However, despite this growing body of work, a gap remained: almost all microbial terroir studies have focused on spontaneous fermentations or pre‑fermentation grape microbiota. Very few have tested whether these regional microbial signatures persist when winemakers use commercial yeast inoculation, common practice in modern wineries. The researchers set out to determine whether microbial terroir persists under inoculated fermentation, and whether it still influences fermentation dynamics, chemical composition and wine aroma. The aim was to test whether microbial terroir is robust enough to subsist inoculation and remain a meaningful contributor to regional wine identity—a question of high relevance for both science and industry.

Nebbiolo grapes provided an ideal model for the study because they are grown across distinct regions with strong environmental contrasts and are known for having complex fermentative microbiota. The researchers collected Nebbiolo grapes from 38 vineyards across 3 regions in northern Italy. All grapes were fermented under identical small scale winery conditions using the same commercial yeast strain, temperature, equipment and nutrient additions. This strict standardization ensured that any differences observed in microbial behavior or wine chemistry were due to the grapes and their native microbes, not the winemaking process. Throughout fermentation, the researchers repeatedly sampled the must, freshly crushed juice of grapes and wine to assess microbes present, microbial communities’ changes over time, fermentation chemistry over time and aroma compounds development. The results allowed the scientists to check whether wines still carried a “regional microbial fingerprint.”

The researchers discovered that the vineyard’s microbial fingerprint persists throughout fermentation, even when a commercial yeast is added. Regional microbial differences were clear from the start and these differences did not disappear after inoculation. Microbial differences were linked to chemical and aroma differences. The researchers concluded that the microbes that come from the vineyard leave a lasting imprint on fermentation and wine aroma, even under controlled, inoculated conditions.

“The outcomes support the concept that microbial terroir is robust. Even when winemakers use commercial yeast inoculation—a widespread practice—the vineyard’s native microbial community still shapes fermentation trajectories and contributes to wine identity,” Rantsiou said.

 

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ASM is a global community shaping the future of the microbial sciences to tackle some of the world’s most pressing challenges. Established in 1899, ASM connects scientists across disciplines, sectors and borders to advance discovery, foster collaboration and drive innovation.

With more than 38,000 members and a global network that reaches millions, ASM accelerates scientific progress through publishing, convening, advocacy and professional development. From climate change and antimicrobial resistance to industrial, basic and applied microbiology, ASM empowers the microbial sciences community to create solutions that benefit society and build what’s next.

 

Electrochemical low‑concentration CO₂ capture and conversion: from catalyst design to electrolyzer engineering





SciOpen

Advances in Electrochemical Capture and Conversion of Low-Concentration CO2 

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Schematic overview of electrochemical low-concentration CO2 capture and conversion, highlighting integrated single and dual electrolytic cell capture–conversion systems, direct dilute CO2 electrolysis through local CO2 enrichment and impurity-tolerant catalyst design, and electrolyzer engineering strategies involving gas diffusion layers, flow-field design, and operating-condition optimization.

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Credit: Industrial Chemistry & Materials






Electrochemical CO2 reduction uses renewable electricity to convert CO2 into value-added fuels and chemicals, offering a promising route for carbon recycling. However, most current studies rely on high-purity CO2 feeds, while practical carbon sources such as industrial flue gas and air contain dilute CO2 together with impurities including O2, SOx, and NOx. Low CO2 concentrations limit mass transport and promote the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, while impurities may trigger side reactions or deactivate catalytic sites. A team of scientists has reviewed recent progress in the electrochemical capture and conversion of dilute CO2, outlining strategies to bring CO2 electrolysis closer to practical carbon sources. Their work is published in the journal Industrial Chemistry & Materials on July 15, 2026.

“One of the key challenges is to maintain sufficient CO2 availability at the active sites under dilute CO2 while minimizing the effects of competing reactions and impurities,” explains Ying Wang, a professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

The researchers highlight two main approaches for utilizing dilute CO2. The first is integrated CO2 capture and conversion. In single electrolytic cell systems, captured carbon species are directly converted within the same device, while dual electrolytic cell systems separate CO2 capture from electrochemical conversion, allowing the two processes to be optimized independently.

The second route is the direct electrolysis of dilute CO2, which avoids a separate capture step but faces greater challenges in CO2 transport and impurity tolerance. Strategies such as porous catalyst structures, CO2-affinity functional groups, and wettability regulation can increase the local CO2 concentration near active sites and stabilize the gas-liquid-solid reaction interface.

Impurities in realistic gas streams present an additional challenge. O2 can compete for electrons through the oxygen reduction reaction, SOx may cause irreversible poisoning of catalytic sites, and NOx can undergo competing reduction reactions. Developing catalysts and interfaces that favor CO2 transport and conversion while suppressing these unwanted pathways is therefore important for direct flue-gas electrolysis.

The review also emphasizes that catalyst development alone is not sufficient. Gas diffusion layers, flow-field design, pressure, temperature, humidity, and electrolyte composition all influence reactant transport, product selectivity, and long-term stability.

“Dilute CO2 electrolysis is not simply a catalyst problem, but a system-level challenge,” says Professor Wang. “Catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering need to be considered together to achieve efficient and stable operation under realistic conditions.”

Looking ahead, the researchers identify several priorities, including multifunctional catalysts for CO2 enrichment and impurity tolerance, a better understanding of catalyst deactivation under mixed contaminants, operando measurement of local CO2 concentrations, and improved mass-transfer uniformity during electrolyzer scale-up. These advances could help enable selective, durable, and scalable electrochemical conversion of low-concentration CO2 from practical carbon sources.

The research team includes Birou Huang, Renzhong Zhang, Qian Lu, Weixing Wu, Zhuohan Chen, and Ying Wang from The Chinese University of Hong Kong; and Pratahdeep Gogoi and Yuguang C. Li from the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.

This research is funded by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the 1+1+1 CUHK-CUHK(SZ)-GDSTC Joint Collaboration Fund.

 

DOI Link:

https://doi.org/10.1039/d6im00201c

 

About Industrial Chemistry & Materials

Industrial Chemistry & Materials is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary academic journal published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) with APCs currently waived. ICM publishes significant innovative research and major technological breakthroughs in all aspects of industrial chemistry and materials, especially the important innovation of the low-carbon chemical industry, energy, and functional materials. Check out the latest ICM news on the blog.