Global powers head to Asia with trade, AI, security in focus

Manila (AFP) – Global leaders are set to descend on Asia for a series of high-stakes meetings that will tackle everything from AI to trade to, potentially, nuclear disarmament.

Issued on: 12/11/2026 - RFI

People walk past an advertisement for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2026 summit that will take place in Shenzhen from November 18 to 19, at the Shenzhen-Bao'an International Airport in Shenzhen © Hector RETAMAL / AFP/Fil


AFP looks at a few of the key issues to watch for in the days ahead:

Three summits, five days

The 11-nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) opens its final leaders' summit of the year on Sunday in Manila, while French President Emmanuel Macron attends a Francophonie summit in Phnom Penh.

Focus then shifts north for the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in Shenzhen.



Russian President Vladimir Putin is expected to be a key figure at APEC, while India's Narendra Modi will be attending the ASEAN meet.

US President Donald Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney will travel to both.

Analysts told AFP that the bruising midterm election defeat Trump recently suffered will not appreciably change how the US president is perceived.

"I don't think the region will see him as a lame duck," Siew Mun Tang, former head of the ASEAN Studies Centre at Singapore's ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, told AFP.

"He has two more years. He can do a lot of things."
Xi-Trump-Putin meet

The agenda for a proposed sit-down between China's Xi Jinping, Trump and Putin may remain a mystery, but no meeting at the APEC conference will attract more attention.

President Trump Hosts Chinese Premier Xi Jinping For A State Visit © CHIP SOMODEVILLA / GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP/File

While Putin has pushed for talks on Ukraine, Trump this week suggested the focus would be on denuclearisation and ending his faltering war in Iran.

Analysts who spoke to AFP cautioned expectations should be kept to a minimum.

"The symbolism... will account for a good portion of its substance," the Brookings Institution's Ryan Hass told AFP.

While he expects Xi and Putin to give Trump "a respectful hearing" on arms control, Hass said they will likely only "agree on broad principles without committing to any follow-on actions".

Wang Wen, dean of Renmin University's Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, agreed major outcomes were unlikely, calling it "a high probability that talks could end without a breakthrough".

Separately, a meeting Trump once hoped for with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un appears dead in the water, with Pyongyang rejecting repeated overtures.

Eyeing AI safeguards

Artificial intelligence will be a hot topic at APEC, after Xi and Trump agreed in September to set up a "communication channel" for AI incidents.

Trump has repeatedly dismissed fears that AI could pose a threat to humanity. But despite the countries' fierce tech rivalry, calls for cooperation are growing due to shared concerns regarding bioweapons and infrastructure hacking.

Xi in September said Washington and Beijing have a responsibility to "develop and manage AI for good and ensure that the development of AI is always under human control".

APEC talks could build on the pair's previous communication channel agreement, Stephen Wu, founder of Carthage Capital, told AFP.

"Both sides need an outcome, and a hotline is diplomacy's cheapest: free to announce, free to ignore," he said.

Meanwhile, a spying scandal enveloping Nvidia boss Jensen Huang, who was once widely expected to accompany Trump to APEC, threatens to cast a pall on AI discussions. US officials have accused him of sleeping with a woman they claim was working for Beijing.
ASEAN's murky waters

In Manila, the Philippines' year in the ASEAN chair looks set to come and go without fulfilling one of its top objectives: signing a South China Sea Code of Conduct (COC) with China.

The ongoing dispute over the waterway has cast a shadow over the bloc's events all year. Philippine and Chinese sailors clashed a day before the start of a July summit, and a diplomatic row erupted at an October defence meeting.

One Southeast Asian diplomat involved in summit preparations told AFP he did not see any agreement being reached in Manila.

Tang, the former ASEAN Studies Centre chief, said the code may have outlived its usefulness.

"If a COC was signed 10 years ago, 15 years ago, it's meaningful. The COC today, I think, has lost its purpose... because the effects on the ground have changed," he said, noting the militarisation of islands by both China and Vietnam.
Tariff relief? Not likely

Trade will be a major topic at both ASEAN and APEC, but the prospect of advancing regional free-trade frameworks remains complicated by China-US tensions and Trump's tariff war.

A pause in the China-US trade war was extended through January 10 during Xi's September visit to the White House. But friction remains over the level of Chinese rare-earth exports.

For the rest of the APEC and ASEAN nations, no major changes to US trade policy are expected for the time being.

Existing tariff "mechanisms rest with the president and executive branch rather than Congress... reversing them would require legislation the president could veto", Harry Murphy Cruise, an economist from Oxford Economics, warned in a note.

burs-cwl/lga/abs

© 2026 AFP

World leaders begin talks at Cop31 climate conference but big names missing

World leaders take the stage at Cop31 in Turkey on Wednesday but despite global warming intensifying some prominent names, including the French president, are missing from this year's annual UN climate summit.


Issued on: 11/11/2026 - RFI

High level talks continue at the COP31 climate summit in Antalya, but without the leaders of some of the world's biggest polluting nations. REUTERS - Murad Sezer

The two-week conference kicked off earlier this week in the Mediterranean resort city of Antalya, with governments under pressure to tackle the climate crisis after a year of heatwaves in Europe, deadly floods in Nepal and major wildfires in Indonesia.

Dozens of leaders will speak during the "high-level segment" taking place on Wednesday and Thursday, including Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Iran's Masoud Pezeshkian.

But some big names are missing – British Prime Minister Andy Burnham is the only leader from a G7 country scheduled to address the summit.

While European Union chief Ursula von der Leyen is attending, French President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni are skipping the event.

The French government said Macron would be absent because November 11 is World War I Armistice Day and the president will attend an EU summit in Ireland on Thursday.

The prime ministers of both Canada and Japan are also absent from the most recent list.

'Expectations not necessarily high'

"It is a shame that some of the bigger European leaders aren't coming. We need Europe to be showing up strongly at this COP," Cosima Cassel, a climate diplomacy expert at think-tank E3G, told AFP.

"If top leaders want influence over where the global (energy) transition is going, showing up is a pretty good place to start," said Chiara Martinelli, director of Climate Action Network Europe.

"I am afraid that Ursula von der Leyen will be lonely on the stage while the leaders of the biggest EU economies are a no-show," Martinelli said.

Wopke Hoekstra, the EU's top climate official, said the absences were "not completely atypical" as leaders may have "practical" reasons for not being able to attend a summit.

But he also told reporters in Brussels that "expectations are not necessarily high" for this climate conference.

Iran's Pezeshkian said he would use the event as an opportunity to express Tehran's position on environmental destruction in war.

"At this conference, we will speak about the actions of the United States and Israel in destroying the environment," he said before departing for Turkey, according to Iranian state television.

Push for electrification

US President Donald Trump, who pulled the United States out of the Paris Agreement in 2017 and has not sent officials to climate talks since his re-election in 2024, is not attending the summit.

Chinese President Xi Jinping, who rarely attends COPs, will be represented by Vice President Han Zheng.

The United States and China are the world's top economies and biggest emitters of planet-heating emissions, making their presence at climate talks crucial to the process.

Climate campaigner Cassel said she took heart in the presence of Lula – a defender of cutting deforestation rates and who defeated right-wing rival Flavio Bolsonaro in last month's Brazilian presidential election.

COP31 host Turkey is championing a voluntary initiative to accelerate the electrification of transport, buildings and industry, with a target of raising electricity's share of global energy consumption to 35 percent by 2035.

The EU has stressed that electrification must be "clean", which could spark debate over the role of oil, gas and coal in the Turkish proposal.

Since agreeing in 2023 for the first time to transition away from fossil fuels – the main driver of climate change – nations have struggled to advance that goal at the annual COP conferences.

(with newswires)

UN chief urges world leaders to tackle fossil fuels at COP31

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres railed against the oil and gas lobby on Wednesday, telling world leaders fossil fuels "must go the way of the dinosaurs" at a climate summit missing several prominent figures.

Issued on: 11/11/2026 - RFI

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged world leaders to tax the windfall profits of fossil fuel companies at COP31. © OZAN KOSE / AFP


The two-week COP31 talks kicked off in Turkey this week with governments under pressure to tackle climate change after a year of searing heatwaves and wildfires in Europe, and deadly floods in Nepal.

"The brutal truth is that the climate crisis is outrunning us," Guterres told dozens of world leaders assembled in the Mediterranean city of Antalya for two days of speeches by heads of state and government.

But few major breakthroughs are anticipated at the COP31 negotiations, which run until November 20, as countries grapple with an oil price shock and geopolitical tensions fuelled by the US war with Iran and Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Since agreeing in 2023 for the first time to transition away from fossil fuels -- the main driver of climate change -- nations have struggled to advance that goal at the annual UN conferences.

"Fossil fuels must go the way of the dinosaurs, but that won't happen on its own. The dinosaurs did not have a lobby, but fossil fuels do," Guterres said, urging governments to tax the windfall profits of oil companies.

"Their strategy is simple: Distort the science. Delay the policy. Delay the action. Delay the accountability. It's time to kick the habit - and end the fossil fuel addiction," he said to sustained applause.
Leaders missing

Guterres, who has made the climate change fight a central issue since taking office in 2017, is attending his last COP before his term ends in December.

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva told COP31 that 'climate change has disappeared' from global leadership. © Ozan KOSE / AFP

Some big names are missing at COP31, with British Prime Minister Andy Burnham the only leader from a G7 country scheduled to address the summit.

"Since the start of this year, climate change has disappeared from speeches and documents from our global leadership," recently re-elected Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva told fellow leaders.

"We've turned to talking more about arms and tariffs than the survival of future generations," he said.

Climate campaigners breathed a huge sigh of relief when Lula, who has overseen a dramatic drop in deforestation in the Amazon, defeated right-wing rival Flavio Bolsonaro in last month's presidential election.

"Brazil is back to defend the continuity of a healthy planet," Lula said.

While European Union chief Ursula von der Leyen is coming to Antalya, French President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni are staying away. COP31 coincides with an EU leaders' summit in Ireland on Thursday.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and Japanese counterpart Sanae Takaichi are also absent from the most recent list.

Cop31 opens in Turkey as climate funding and fossil fuels divide nations

Unsurprisingly, President Donald Trump, who pulled the United States out of the Paris Agreement and has not sent officials to climate talks since his re-election in 2024, is not attending the summit.

Chinese President Xi Jinping, who rarely attends COPs, will be represented by Vice President Han Zheng. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is also absent.

The United States and China are the world's top economies and biggest emitters of planet-heating emissions.
Low expectations

"It is a shame that some of the bigger European leaders aren't coming. We need Europe to be showing up strongly at this COP," Cosima Cassel, a climate diplomacy expert at think-tank E3G, told AFP.

Wopke Hoekstra, the EU's top climate official, said the absences were "not completely atypical" as leaders may have "practical" reasons for not being able to attend a summit.

But he also told reporters in Brussels that "expectations are not necessarily high" for this climate conference.

COP31 host Turkey is championing a voluntary initiative to accelerate the electrification of transport, buildings and industry, with a target of raising electricity's share of global energy consumption to 35 percent by 2035.

The EU has stressed that electrification must be "clean", which could spark debate over the role of oil, gas and coal in the Turkish proposal.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said the world needs a "fair" energy transition that "takes into account the energy security and different development needs of different countries".

Fears of rising antisemitism in Europe

Tessa Clara Walther

DW

November 11, 2026

Holocaust survivor Regina Sluszny commemorates the victims of Auschwitz as Jewish communities across Europe face growing hostility. What does the promise of "Never Again" mean for Jewish life in Europe today?

https://p.dw.com/p/5PLJ1

The infamous line 'Work sets you free' (Arbeit macht frei) is written on the iron gateway to Auschwitz

Image: Tessa Walther/DW

Regina Sluszny makes her way in her wheelchair through the iron gate marking the entrance to the former Auschwitz concentration camp. "I feel the cold, both physically and emotionally," says the 87-year-old Jewish woman, her gaze fixed on the grey horizon.

How many times has she been here? Six, seven, perhaps eight, she estimates. And each time, the same thoughts run through her mind: "I think about my husband's family. He lost seven loved ones here. They were sent straight to the gas chambers and murdered."

Regina Sluszny has spent four decades sharing her story with school children

Image: Tessa Walther/DW

Regina Sluszny traveled to Poland with a delegation from the European Jewish Association (EJA), a European advocacy group representing Jewish interests that regularly organizes conferences on Jewish life as well as visits to former concentration camps.

This year, the organization invited political representatives and members of Jewish communities to Krakow and Auschwitz on November 9 and 10. The trip was deliberately scheduled to coincide with the anniversary of the November Pogroms of 1938, widely regarded as a watershed moment on the path to the Holocaust.

"Honoring the past, securing the future" is the event's motto. Like many others in attendance, Holocaust survivor Regina Sluszny fears that the horrors of the Shoah are slowly fading from Europe's collective memory.

A delegation of the European Jewish Association visits the former Auschwitz concentration camp

Image: Tessa Walther/DW

Persian-Jewish ties

Among this year's international religious and political representatives, the guest of honor was Reza Pahlavi, the exiled son of Iran's last shah and a prominent opponent of the Islamic Republic. The European Jewish Association (EJA) honored him for his efforts to combat antisemitism.

Accepting the award, Pahlavi recalled the historic ties between the Persian and Jewish peoples and called on democratic nations around the world to unite against oppression and ideological extremism.

But talking to attendees at the symposium in Krakow, it quickly becomes clear that fear of rising antisemitism is much closer to home. Many describe growing hostility towards Jews and rising fear in Jewish communities across Europe.

In France, authorities recorded a total of 1,320 antisemitic incidents in 2025. That was fewer than in 2024, but around three times as many as in 2022.

In Germany, the number of antisemitic crimes recorded by police rose from 2,641 in 2022 to 6,236 in 2024 and 6,548 in 2025. Authorities and monitoring organizations across Europe have reported a significant increase in antisemitic incidents since October 7, 2023.

For Ellen van Praagh, chair of the Interprovincial Rabbinate in the Netherlands, October 7, 2023, marked a turning point. She also lost a family member during the Hamas-led attack which saw around 1,200 people in Israel killed and over 250 taken hostage and abducted to the Gaza Strip.

Around six million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust

Image: Tessa Walther/DW

'We want to live in freedom'

"My family has lived in the Netherlands since the 16th century. And now I'm being told to leave," says van Praagh. She says the atmosphere in the Netherlands has changed dramatically since the attack. She no longer feels safe there as a Jew. "We Jews are being held responsible for Israel's actions."

Israel launched a major military offensive in the Gaza Strip after the October-7 attack. More than 75,000 Palestinians have been killed there since the start of the war, according to conservative estimates.

Like many others at the symposium, van Praagh says she is increasingly losing faith in politicians. "Never Again" has become an empty phrase, she argues, with little relevance to the everyday lives of Jews in Europe.

Jewish communities now have to protect themselves behind high walls. Constant security measures restrict their daily lives, she explains. "That is not what we want. We want to live in freedom."

Rabbi Menachem Margolin, chairman of the European Jewish Association, is also calling on European political leaders to take greater responsibility. He says he is grateful for their support, without which Jewish life in Europe would hardly be possible.

However, laws designed to protect Jewish life are often not enforced in practice. Many officials hesitate to call antisemitism by its name as soon as doing so becomes politically inconvenient. "But Auschwitz did not begin with gas chambers. It began with words," he cautioned.

At the Birkenau memorial

Regina Sluszny joined the delegation visiting the Birkenau memorial. The Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp, built by Nazi Germany, became a symbol of the Holocaust. The Nazis murdered around 1.1 million people there, including approximately one million Jews. Most were killed here at Birkenau.

The delegation is gathered to commemorate the November Pogroms of November 9 and 10, 1938, when Nazis set synagogues on fire, ransacked Jewish businesses and homes and murdered Jews. Around 30,000 Jewish men were deported to concentration camps.

Survivors like Regina are increasingly rare. Most Holocaust survivors have passed away. Regina survived because, in 1942, a family friend and his wife took her in when she was just two years old while her parents fled the Nazis with her two brothers and went into hiding.

For more than 40 years, she has been sharing her story with schoolchildren, doing her part to ensure that the Holocaust is never forgotten. For her, "Never Again" is a promise that must be kept. Otherwise, it becomes a lie.

GERMANY

Controversial kinship: From colonial rule to the Holocaust?


Helen Whittle

DW

November 10, 2026

Hitler once called Eastern Europe "Germany's India." A new exhibition examines the links between colonialism and Nazism, and the bitter debate over where comparisons illuminate history and where they fall short.

European colonialism was marked by the — often extremely violent — exploitation of people and resources.

 [Pictured: Clearing of land by setting grass on fire during a German research expedition to Tendaguru in German East Africa, 1909–1913]

Image: Archiv/Museum für Naturkunde


Racial hierarchy, dehumanization, concentration camps, settler expansion in the name of "living space," collective punishment and mass violence: At first glance, the continuities between colonial and Nazi violence appear obvious. In 1941, Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler himself compared Eastern Europe to "Germany's India" after the British colonial model, declaring that "like the English, we shall rule this empire with a handful of men."

But the extent to which Nazism was shaped by the age of empire, and whether the two systems of violence can even be compared, remains the subject of intense debate. This is particularly true in Germany, where the fear is often expressed that any comparison risks relativizing or minimizing Nazi crimes, and particularly the Holocaust. Others have argued that the intense focus on the Nazi era has, at least in part, come at the expense of a meaningful reckoning with Germany's colonial history.

'Murder for the very purpose of murder': The industrialized mass murder carried out in Nazi death camps such as Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka and Auschwitz-Birkenau had no direct precedent in colonial history. [Pictured: Cans of Zyklon B gas, Auschwitz-Birkenau, German Nazi concentration and extermination camp in Poland]

Image: Taiftin/Depositphotos/IMAGO

"I do think this is nonsense," says Stephan Malinowski, a Professor of Modern European History at the University of Edinburgh. "If it were true, then all other colonial countries who are not discussing the Holocaust, like Great Britain for example, or France or Spain or Portugal, they would then supposed to be very, very attentive to colonial crimes and to colonial history, which it seems to me is not the case."

"Controversial Kinship: Colonial and National Socialist Violence," a new exhibition at the German Historical Museum in Berlin curated by Malinowski, does not aim to settle the debate but to tell its story.

From colonial brutality to Nazi rule

The exhibition begins with a hippopotamus-hide whip used in African colonies displayed alongside a canister of Zyklon B, the poison used in Nazi gas chambers. The juxtaposition highlights the contrast between colonial violence and the industrialized mass murder of the Holocaust. Yet it also points to connections: Whips were used in Nazi concentration camps, while Fascist Italy deployed chemical weapons against civilians and soldiers during its invasion of Ethiopia (then Abyssinia) in 1935-36.

The extreme brutality of Fascist Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, including the use of chemical weapons, caused uproar around the world. [Pictured: The bombing of the Ethiopian village of Dessye by Italian planes]

Image: Topfoto/United Archives International/IMAGO

In the 1930s, anti-colonial thinkers from India to the Caribbean argued that colonialism and fascism were two sides of the same coin. "There is nothing new or original about the blustering exploits of Hitler and Mussolini," observed the Trinidadian journalist and Pan-Africanist George Padmore in 1938. "They have all been used before by the British in their efforts to obtain the subjection of less powerfully armed and more industrially backward people."

European colonial rule was marked by the ruthless exploitation of people and resources, often enforced through extreme violence. In "The Origins of Totalitarianism" (1951), German-American philosopher Hannah Arendt argued that colonial territories served as laboratories for racial ideologies and practices of domination that could be applied beyond the legal constraints of Europe. Arendt described how these later "boomeranged" back into Europe and helped shape totalitarian politics in distinct and unprecedented form.

One of the most notorious symbols of King Leopold II's rule was the amputation of hands, inflicted on men, women and children who failed to meet rubber production quotas. [Pictured: A Congolese child with an amputated hand, circa 1900]

Image: United Archives/World History Archive/IMAGO

The Congo Free State, King Leopold II of Belgium's private colony from 1885 to 1908, became notorious for its extreme brutality, as colonial authorities used executions, amputations and sexual violence to ensure rubber production quotas were met. Forced labor was also central to Nazi rule, with millions of Poles, Ukrainians, Russians and others from the Soviet Union, and Jews, subjected to exploitation and "Vernichtung durch Arbeit" ("extermination through work"). Within a few years, the regime mobilized around 13 to 14 million forced laborers, a scale comparable to the transatlantic slave trade over more than three centuries. The Nazis sought to extract value from their victims at every stage, confiscating their property, exploiting their labor, and even harvesting gold teeth and hair from the dead.

Racism, antisemitism and extermination

While racism underpinned both colonial empires and Nazism, Malinowski says the goals were different. The colonial powers tended to present assimilation as a path to advancement, forcing colonized people to adopt European culture, serve imperial interests, and suggesting that a select, educated few could gain opportunities at elite institutions such as Oxford or Cambridge. "This is definitely not something that the Nazi regime is offering to Poles or to Russians or let alone to Jews," added Malinowski.

"In terms of violence, colonial violence was just as extreme as Nazi violence. But Nazi violence was annihilatory and exterminatory compared to colonial violence in the colonies," says Edward Kissi, a historian at the School of Interdisciplinary Global Studies at the University of South Florida. He points to the example of how, unlike European colonial powers in Africa, the Nazis pursued the elimination of Black-Germans or peoples of African descent in Germany through forced sterilization. "Even in racism, colonial color-based racism and colonial anti-Jewish sentiments were fundamentally different from what the Nazis pursued."

From 1904 to 1908, German colonial rule in present-day Namibia culminated in the genocide of the Herero and Nama, in which tens of thousands died. [Pictured: Concentration camp for Herero and Nama in German South West Africa in 1905]

Image: Sam-Cohen-Bibliothek/Scientific Society Swakopmund

On October 2, 1904, German General Lothar von Trotha issued the "Vernichtungsbefehl" ("extermination order") following the Herero uprising in German South West Africa (present-day Namibia). Historians generally attribute the order to a combination of racial ideology, a desire to terrorize the population into submission, and efforts to secure colonial control over land, labor and resources. Between 1904 and 1908, an estimated 60,000 to 80,000 Herero (around 80% of the population) and 10,000 (around half the population) Nama died.

One area where the exhibition draws no direct parallel is the industrialized killing carried out in Nazi death camps such as Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau. "Where the two things really diverge is the Holocaust and is the systematic mass murder of the European Jews and it's murder for the very purpose of murder," explains Malinowski. The deportation of around 1,800 Jews from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Kos in July 1944 illustrates how Nazi persecution often defied military or economic logic. Even after the war was effectively lost, the community was transported to Auschwitz, where most were murdered immediately upon arrival.

The politics of historical comparison

The issue of the "singularity" of the Holocaust came to the fore during the 1980s "Historikerstreit" ("historians' dispute"). Historian Ernst Nolte argued that Nazism should be understood in the wider context of 20th-century political violence, and as a response to Bolshevik terror in particular. Critics accused him of downplaying German responsibility for Nazi crimes.

Since 2020, a renewed debate dubbed the "Historikerstreit 2.0" has focused on whether the Holocaust should be viewed as a unique reference point in German memory culture or be understood alongside the histories of colonialism, racism and empire. The dispute now is less about the legitimacy of comparison than about its implications.

After being deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943, French artist David Olère depicted scenes he witnessed. Here, deportees arrive at a crematorium shortly before their murder. [Pictured: David Olère, 'Vers la mort' ('On the Way to Death'), Paris, 1945]

Image: Mémorial de la Shoah/Coll. David Olère

The mass murder of tens of thousands of the Herero and Nama during four years of German colonial rule is now regarded as the first genocide of the 20th-century. In 2016, Nama representatives walked out of talks after Germany's chief negotiator said what happened was "incomparable" to the Holocaust. The German government has since recognized the events as genocide "from today's perspective," but it has not yet accepted legal liability or agreed to pay formal reparations.

Rethinking Germany's culture of remembrance

Martinican intellectual Aimé Césaire argued in "Discourse on Colonialism" (1950) that Europe condemned under Nazism forms of violence it had long accepted in its colonies. The exhibition opens amid renewed debates over settler colonialism, the definition of genocide, and the meaning of "never again," sharpened by Nicaragua's case against Germany at the International Court of Justice over German support for Israel during the war in Gaza. These tensions are reflected in visitors' comments in the exhibition's epilogue, even though the exhibition itself does not address Israel or Palestine beyond a reference to Mohammed Amin al-Husseini, appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 1921.

Germany has unequivocally accepted responsibility for the Holocaust, which is front and center of the country's culture of remembrance. However, Kissi likens Germany's apparent reluctance to reckon with its colonial history to debates in the US over slavery, in Cambodia over the Khmer Rouge, and in Turkey over the Armenian genocide. According to him, Germany's contemporary identity cannot be fully understood without examining its colonial history and the ways the Nazis appropriated and transformed aspects of that legacy. "I think Germans and all other human beings who have experienced violent pasts and difficult pasts should be very careful not to delink or dissociate those facts from their present," Kissi said. "These are historical patterns. It is better to deal with these historical patterns and discomforts than to just fight them and then say this has absolutely nothing to do with German national identity."

"Controversial Kinship: Colonial and National Socialist Violence" is on show at the German Historical Museum until April 11, 2027.

Helen Whittle British journalist in Berlin
Edited by:Sarah Judith Hofmann

OCT 7 FALSE FLAG

Israel: Eisenkot proposes October 7 probe as new Knesset sworn in

Wesley Dockery11/11/2026November 11, 2026

Ex-IDF chief Gadi Eisenkot has yet to forge a coalition that would allow him to replace Benjamin Netanyahu, despite the new Knesset being dominated by the critics of the current prime minister.


https://p.dw.com/p/5PJBc

Eisenkot's coalition also wants to impose term limits on Israeli prime ministers Image: Ohad Zwigenberg/AP Photo/picture alliance


The parliamentary bloc led by Israeli ex-military leader Gadi Eisenkot announced a slew of initiatives on Tuesday targeting the legacy of current Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as the new Israeli Parliament, or Knesset, was sworn in.

Israel held a parliamentary election on October 27.

Eisenkot's bloc wants government inquiry into October 7 attack

Eisenkot's centrist Yashar Party and allied parties are seeking an official government inquiry into the Hamas-led terror attacks on October 7, 2023, which killed some 1,200 people in Israel and resulted in another 251 hostages being taken into Gaza.

The attack, which occurred on Netanyahu's watch, was the single deadliest day for Jewish people since the Holocaust.

Some media outlets had reported that Netanyahu received warnings from Egypt and the UAE ahead of the October 7 assault. The Israeli prime minister denied the claims and said he would sue for defamation over the publications.

In addition to an October 7 probe, the anti-Netanyahu opposition is also seeking to impose term limits on the office of prime minister and aims to reverse the controversial efforts made by the Netanyahu government to reforming the judiciary. Eisenkot's bloc is also seeking to depose Knesset speaker Amir Ohana, a Netanyahu ally.

The new Knesset has 33 female members — the highest share since Israel's founding in 1948

Image: Ilia Yefimovich/AFP

"We will act for all citizens of Israel, those who voted for us and those who did not, out of deep commitment," Eisenkot said prior to the swearing-in of the new Knesset. He pledged to "form a national-emergency government as quickly as possible."

Both Netanyahu and Eisenkot bloc short of Knesset majority

Israeli President Isaac Herzog has given Eisenkot a mandate to try to form a government within six weeks.

Eisenkot's coalition bloc landed 48 seats in the recent election, whereas Netanyahu's bloc received 53 seats. But neither bloc has enough seats to form a majority in the 120-seat Knesset.

Arab parties garnered a record 19 out of 120 seats in the new Knesset. During the swearing-in ceremony, far-right Israeli politician Itamar Ben-Gvir harassed Arab-Israeli lawmaker Yousef Jabareen in the Knesset chamber

Eisenkot's bloc could choose to align with the Arab parties to form a government, but Avigdor Lieberman and his right-wing Yisrael Beitenu party oppose the idea. Yisrael Beitenu, which won seven seats in the new Knesset, is a part of the Eisenkot bloc


Netanyahu urges national unity government to confront Iran

Netanyahu, in a speech to the Knesset, called for a national unity government — a proposal which has been ruled out by Eisenkot. The incumbent head of government lashed out at Arab parties and accused them of backing Israel's destruction while saying the national unity government is necessary to confront Iran.

"In the very near future, we're going to be confronted by international pressure to accept a nuclear-armed Iran and the preservation of this terror regime that seeks to annihilate us," Netanyahu said.

Eisenkot condemned Netanyahu's remarks, whereas Yair Golan, the leader of the left-wing Democrats party, walked out during Netanyahu's speech. The Democrats have eight seats and are part of the Eisenkot bloc.

"Netanyahu is struggling to accept that the Israeli public fired him. Now he is lying and inciting against the Arab public in an attempt to cling to power by force," Golan said on X.

If Eisenkot fails to form a government, Israeli President Herzog could choose another lawmaker, presumably Netanyahu, to cobble together a coalition. The 77-year-old Netanyahu first took power in 1996 and has had three separate stints as the Israeli head of government.

Netanyahu is now the longest-serving prime minister in Israeli history.

Wesley Dockery Journalist and editor focused on global security, politics, business and music.

Edited by:Darko Janjevic

WAR CRIME REDUX

Report: At least four killed in Israeli strike on Gaza hospital

12.11.2026

Photo: Abed Rahim Khatib/dpa

At least four people have been killed in an Israeli strike on Nasser Hospital in the Gaza Strip, the Arabic-language newspaper Al-Quds reported early on Thursday.

The newspaper cited a spokesman for the Palestinian civil defence service as saying that several people had also been injured. The information could not initially be independently verified. There was no immediate comment from the Israeli military.

Israeli forces attacked the hospital complex in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, hitting the second floor of the building, Al-Quds reported, citing unnamed sources.

A ceasefire has been in place in the Gaza war since October 2025, but deadly attacks have continued. Israel has recently stepped up its airstrikes again, saying it has targeted and killed senior members of the Islamist militant group Hamas.

On October 7, 2023, Hamas fighters and members of other extremist groups killed around 1,200 people in Israel and abducted another 251 to Gaza. The unprecedented attack triggered the Gaza war.

Since then, more than 74,600 Palestinians have been killed, according to the Hamas-run health authorities in the Gaza Strip.

• Al-Quds report, in Arabic

(c) 2026 dpa Deutsche Presse Agentur GmbH

How AI worsens online violence against Middle East women

Cathrin Schaer | Omar Albam in Syria

DW

November 11, 2026

Women in the Middle East already have to deal with an above-average share of online harassment and violence. The proliferation of AI-enabled tools is making it worse.

In Syria, young women's rights activists say their private pictures are being stolen from social media, then used against them

Image: picture-alliance/dpa

It happens all the time, says Kholoud al-Ameri, an Iraqi journalist and the editor of a news website.

"Female journalists here are often getting messages, and mostly from men," she explains. "They somehow find you online and then they say they just want to talk or they want to add you on Instagram or Facebook," says al-Ameri, who also heads a network of female journalists working on climate change stories. "Sometimes it's hard because the men say they're our readers and we don't want to discourage them. But I usually tell the women just to block these guys."

Syrian activist Yaman Amer tells of similar experiences as a result of writing about women's rights online — she says she gets hundreds of critical comments. "When I talk about women's rights online in a patriarchal society, that's just how things are," Amer, who is studying to be a lawyer in Damascus, told DW. "Not that I accept it. Out of every thousand offensive comments, there's usually one or two that make me feel like I have to report them because they're particularly vile. As in, they're extremely vulgar or threatening. And then it's more than just harassment. It's on a whole other level, humiliating and degrading."


Above-average abuse

Online harassment of women isn't unusual anywhere. Studies by a variety of organizations show that somewhere between 40% and 60% of all women worldwide have experienced it, while 65% have witnessed it.

There is no single standard for assessing the level of online harassment because surveys often use different types of questions or research methods. But in general, women around the Middle East appear to be dealing with a higher-than-global-average level of what is known as "technology facilitated gender-based violence," or TFGBV.

The United Nations Population Fund defines TFGBV as a harmful act "that is committed, assisted, aggravated or amplified ... by the use of information communication technologies," or other digital tools, "against a person on the basis of their gender."

According to research by UN Women, the UN body dedicated to gender equality, 68% of women in the Middle East have had to deal with it, while almost all — close to 100% — have seen it online.

In a 2025 study, UN Women found that 49% of women using the internet in the Middle East don't feel safe from online harassment. The number goes up to almost 70% if the women are more publicly visible activists, journalists or politicians.

And it is already clear that the increased availability of artificial intelligence-powered applications is making online harassment worse.

AI has the potential to supercharge this kind of abuse, the UN Women briefing points out, "both by facilitating the spread of targeted disinformation as well as the proliferation of image-based abuse and deepfake pornographic videos."

Of the women who had experienced online violence while working, around a quarter had already identified "abuse that was generated or amplified by AI tools," the briefing said.

Iraq elections: In 2018, two female candidates were confronted with sex tapes. Both said the tapes were faked but one withdrew from the election anywayImage: Ismael Adnan Yaqoob/Anadolu/picture alliance

AI makes abuse easier

The potential for using the latest technology in order to harass people online has always been there, says Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan, an analyst at the London-based Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), which investigates extremism. "But it's just become easier to produce harmful content at scale and in a hyper-targeted way. And the production of non-consensual imagery is a real marker of the democratization of that technology, so it's moving away from primarily targeting celebrities to just regular people."

Venkataramakrishnan has been researching incidents that occurred at the beginning of 2026 when Grok, the AI-powered chatbot belonging to Elon Musk's company SpaceXAI, became able to alter photographs to depict a fully dressed subject as nearly naked. The scandal caused Grok's services to be restricted but, as Venkataramakrishnan pointed out, safeguards across different AI models tend to be inconsistent and users can still find work-arounds to get similar results.

In conservative cultures in the Middle East, the threat of this kind of half-naked picture of a woman being published has serious real-life implications, mostly because of what is and isn't acceptable for women around the region.

What makes the increase in AI-generated fakes even more problematic in the Middle East is that online abuse also has a higher chance of having offline effects.

"Norms related to honor, family reputation and male control can turn digital abuse into real-world consequences," a June briefing by the World Bank notes.


Lack of specific laws

It's also often not easy for people targeted with this kind of abuse to find legal protection or even somewhere to report it. While some Middle Eastern countries have cybercrime laws, most don't specifically address gender-based online violence nor have they been updated to grapple with AI-related abuse.

Last year's UN Women survey found that 36% of women said they were just told to ignore the online violence, while 23% were blamed for it themselves and 12% were subjected to physical punishment by their families because of it.

Other studies indicate that only about 7% of women who experienced technology-facilitated violence later report it to law enforcement. Various concerns stop them from doing so, including having to present sexualized images or answer personal questions in front of strangers — often also anathema to many women in the region.

The women who had experienced online harassment said they would often just block the perpetrators and around a quarter said they then became more careful about what they posted online. Twenty percent deleted their accounts or left social media altogether.

In socially conservative contexts, reporting online abuse to authorities might expose the complainants to more 'social stigma or secondary harm from family and community,' UN Women says

Image: Farooq Azam/DW

Conflict situations

The rapid growth in AI-enabled harassment can also be more problematic in the Middle East because of the situations the women targeted find themselves living in.

Displacement, war, conflict and instability can all make women more vulnerable to online abuse and exploitation. Even the rapid development of AI-related technologies in a country without corresponding legal guardrails or digital literacy can increase the risk.

For example, observers point out that Saudi Arabia, a generally conservative country with strict rules for female behavior, is going through an accelerated program of digital transformation.

And in Syria, after the ousting of the dictatorial Assad regime, many Syrians "rushed into social media to speak freely," journalist Zaina Erhaim wrote for the Arab Reform Initiative in July this year.

Previously. digital polices had been closely policed by Syria's dictator and a political post could see the writer thrown in jail. But now Syrians "are navigating this newfound liberty without guardrails, oversight or protection," Erhaim argues, and female activists are paying a high price for it, especially where "gender intersects with sect."

In a policy paper published in May, the Syrian Women's Political Movement explained just how bad online abuse had become. In focus groups with 120 women from all around Syria, the majority of participants agreed that digital abuse had become a way of shutting them up. Younger activists reported personal pictures were being stolen from social media, then used against them.

"Smear campaigns targeting women's 'honor' and systemic defamation are actively deployed as punitive measures against any women who attempt to express a critical political opinion," the organization wrote, arguing that what was needed was a law that criminalized digital violence.

If you or someone you know have experienced any kind of gender-based violence, the website lila.help (https://lila.help) lists trustworthy helplines and NGOs that offer support in almost every country around the world.

Women push for political power and equality in new Syria  03:43

Cathrin Schaer Author for the Middle East desk.

Why Nvidia CEO's affair with alleged Chinese spy matters for AI race

Arthur Sullivan

DW

November 9, 2026

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang has apologized for an affair with a woman the US believes was spying for China. The story could have profound implications for the world's most valuable company and the global AI race.

Jensen Huang (right), who co-founded Nvidia in 1993, has a close relationship with President Donald TrumpImage: Joyce N. Boghosian/White House/ZUMA/picture alliance

Nvidia chief executive Jensen Huang's admission to an affair with a woman whom US intelligence officials believe was working as a spy for China could have profound implications for the $5 trillion (€4.47 trillion) company.

The Financial Times first reported on Huang's affair with Alice H., an executive at Megaspeed, a Singapore-based customer of Nvidia, which has been suspected of trying to circumvent export controls to get advanced Nvidia chips into China.

The newspaper reported that the US government and its intelligence community believe she was recruited as a spy by China's Ministry of State Security intelligence agency.

US government officials drafted a memo about the allegations shortly before US President Donald Trump traveled to Beijing for a summit with Xi Jinping in May.
What have Nvidia, US government said?

Huang's relationship with the alleged Chinese spy has exposed him and the company to criticism that it may have allowed China to obtain valuable trade secrets as Beijing tries to gain an edge in the race to develop advanced AI models.

Nvidia is initiating an investigation led by independent board members and an external law firm. It said in a statement that Huang "has been the target of a foreign intelligence effort."

Nvidia chips are used to build and run AI applications

Image: Annegret Hilse/REUTERS

"The board prioritizes US national and economic security, which is paramount to the interests of Nvidia and its shareholders," the company said Sunday. "While the board has no reason to believe that either national security or Nvidia secrets were compromised, the board's inquiry will examine all available information."

The company's shares fell in early trading on Monday.

While US intelligence officials have not commented publicly on the claims, Trump — with whom Jensen Huang has a close relationship — has backed the Nvidia boss.

"He's an honorable guy," said Trump. "I have not spoken to him ​about it. I just know he's a ​fine person, but you never know what is going on. I hope everything's fine."

Why it matters for Nvidia

Tim Culpan, an Asia tech reporter who has covered Nvidia and Huang closely for years, told DW that while Nvidia's fundamental strengths as a company remain in place, Huang is hugely personally damaged by the story.

"They're still going to make great chips and they're going to sell them to millions of customers around the world who want the best AI chips in the world," he said.

"His opinion is going to carry a lot less weight now. And that, in the long term, will flow through to Nvidia and Nvidia's own corporate interests. So it won't be immediate. It's really a fact that he doesn't have the sway or the power that he might have had one week ago simply through this."

The sale of Nvidia chips to China is a major political sore point

Image: Kyodo/picture alliance

Richard Windsor, a tech analyst and the founder of research company Radio Free Mobile, said the news could be very serious for Nvidia given how much the company has revolved around Huang for decades.

"This problem is particularly acute because Jensen Huang is very hands-on, meaning that the key decisions that led to its success were ultimately taken by him and because there is no obvious successor," he said.

"I suspect we are about to find out just how much the market thinks that the company is dependent on its iconic founder and CEO."
Tangled China-Nvidia web

Nvidia and Huang's attitude toward China and potential Chinese customers has been a bone of contention with US intelligence officials — despite Huang's close relationship with Trump.

Huang has repeatedly lobbied Trump to ease restrictions on the sale of Nvidia chips to China. A 2025 export control deal heavily curbed sales, but Trump subsequently permitted the export of older H200 Nvidia chips to China in return for the US government receiving a cut of the sales.

However, that deal has been complicated and bogged down by Washington's strict export-license review. China has also initiated import controls, despite strong demand from Chinese companies. China lacks access to the most advanced AI-capable chips. Beijing wants to develop its own alternatives but has struggled to catch up.

Huang has argued that Chinese dependence on Nvidia's chips would prevent rivals such as Huawei from catching up and boosting China's ambitions to dominate AI supply chains.

Nvidia is at the center of the US-China rivalry in AIImage: Huang Jingwen/Xinhua/picture alliance

However, that argument has been dismissed by many US intelligence officials. They fear that unlimited Chinese access to the most advanced Nvidia chips would boost China's domestic AI sector, lead to its AI models catching up with the leading US models and see the chips being used in Chinese military applications.

The US-China rivalry has become a central theme in the global AI story, with both countries seeking to gain an upper hand in the technology. Leading US AI executives such as Anthropic's Dario Amodei have argued that US AI companies can't afford to take a prolonged pause to allow safety standards in AI to catch up, if they're going to prevent Chinese firms from gaining an advantage.

What China hopes to gain

Washington's central fear over Huang's affair is that it could have led to Beijing obtaining vital trade secrets or other key information about how Nvidia makes its most advanced chips.

Windsor thinks Huang will survive the "severe test" due to his importance to the company. He also cast doubt on the extent to which Beijing and its leading tech firms have learned from Nvidia's chips, pointing to China's own chip ambitions and commitment to have its firms buy its own semiconductors.

"I am far from convinced that Chinese AI has materially benefited from technology or illicit chip imports that it gained from Nvidia," he said.

While China has made advances it AI, it lacks advanced chips

Image: Jung Yeon-je/AFP

The news comes at a particularly challenging moment for Nvidia, which has benefited massively from the AI boom thanks to its position as the leading maker of cutting-edge semiconductors needed for AI applications.

Nvidia's valuation has soared dramatically in recent years as companies rushed to buy its chips, becoming the world's first $5 trillion company in October 2025.

However, doubts over the sustainability of the $9 trillion capital expenditure AI boom have sparked a major sell-off in stocks related to the boom in recent weeks. The Democrats' sweeping victories in the US midterms have added to the doubts, given the strength of voter opposition to data center construction in the US.
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Arthur Sullivan Reporter and senior editor focused on global economic stories with a geopolitical angle.@drumloman86
Edited by:Nik Martin

Megaspeed and the battle to get high-end Nvidia chips into China

Arthur Sullivan

DW

November 10, 2026

Jensen Huang's affair with a suspected Chinese spy has shone a light on Megaspeed, the company she worked for. It is under investigation in the US for smuggling Nvidia chips into China, which it denies.

The logo of data center company Megaspeed International at its office in the Ocean Financial Centre in Singapore on November 10, 2026

Image: Taryn Ng/AFP

As Nvidia, one of the world's most valuable companies, grapples with CEO Jensen Huang's romantic relationship with an alleged Chinese spy, attention is turning to the much smaller company she worked for.

Alice H., the alleged spy, worked as an executive for Megaspeed, a Singapore-based data center and AI computing company. It manages data center access, including for some major Chinese tech firms such as Alibaba.

According to Megaspeed's website as of November 2026, the company advertises itself as an "Nvidia cloud partner", saying it provides "computing power product services covering Nvidia's entire GPU product line." GPU stands for Graphic Processing Unit, a specialized electronic circuit that are in high demand for artificial intelligence (AI) applications, because they are designed to handle high numbers of parallel mathematical calculations. Megaspeed says it provides access for clients to Nvidia's advanced GB200 NVL72 ​computing system.

This type of firm is often referred to as a "neocloud". It buys Nvidia chips and computing power and then rents it out — in this case, at multiple sites across south-east Asia, to different companies.

The US has set up strict export controls to prevent that Nvidia's high-performance chips end up in China, because it sees China as a competitor in the global AI race. It also does not want data centers made up of Nvidia chips to be owned by Chinese companies. It does, however, tolerate that data center compute with Nvidia chips be rented out to Chinese companies like Alibaba, and occasionally allows the export of Nvidia chips for specific purposes.

Megaspeed's mega rise

Megaspeed has bought billions of dollars worth of Nvidia's products in recent years and has been accused of breaching US export controls to divert Nvidia chips into China.

Megaspeed managed data centers for Chinese tech giant AlibabaImage: Mark Schiefelbein/AP Photo/picture alliance

In December 2025, Bloomberg reported that the "once-obscure" Megaspeed had become the biggest buyer of Nvidia's chips in all of south-east Asia and that the US government was investigating its ownership structure and whether or not it was smuggling Nvidia chips into China.

At the same time, Singapore police began an investigation into whether or not Megaspeed had "violated local laws" without specifying which ones. Those investigations are believed to be still ongoing.

On December 23, 2025, Megaspeed strenuously denied any wrongdoing in a statement — which still appears as the first page for visitors to the company's website as of November 2026.

"There has been no evidence of any violations concerning the illicit transfer of chips or any illegal activities, and this demonstrates that we are a compliant and legitimate company," it said. "We operate fully within the bounds of all applicable export control regulations and maintain the highest standards of legal and ethical conduct."

The US government investigation began in 2024. The Commerce Department initially began looking into Megaspeed, but the US Justice Department has since taken over. According to the New York Times, this switch came about after an Nvidia executive directly contacted the Commerce Department about the investigation.

A brief history

Megaspeed was founded in 2015 and was originally called 7Road International. It changed its name to Megaspeed in March 2023. It is owned by the Singapore-registered Swiftdata, which was set up in October 2023.

Its rise in prominence coincided with a sharp increase in assets, which increased from $33 million in 2023 to $3 billion in 2024.

Alice H., the woman accused of being a Chinese spy, had an affair with Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang. She is widely seen as an influential figurehead at Megaspeed. She also served as the company's managing director of Megaspeed for eight months in 2023.
The relationship with Nvidia

The Financial Times reported on Monday that Alice H. leveraged her close access to Jensen Huang and Nvidia to pitch AI chips deals to Chinese investors.

The newspaper said that in early 2025, Alice H. sought investment in China for a data center project in south-east Asia, and cited their easy access to Nvidia chips and close relationship with Alibaba.

Alibaba lent money to Megaspeed in June 2024, via subsidiaries. It has remained Megaspeed's largest client, according to reporting by the Financial Times.

In December 2025, Nvidia said its own inquiry into Megaspeed had found no evidence of chips being diverted and that the company was fully owned and operated outside of China, with no Chinese shareholders. The company told Bloomberg at the time that it had visited Megaspeed's facilities on multiple occasions and had seen nothing untoward.

China and the battle for chips

Megaspeed is one of several companies accused of smuggling Nvidia's chips into China or finding ways to give Chinese companies access to them.

Nvidia's high-performance chips are seen as essential for companies looking for the most advanced form of supercomputing to use and develop various AI applications.

Back in 2022, the Biden Administration began severely restricting the sale of the US's most advanced chips to China, part of the two countries' growing rivalry to achieve AI dominance.

However, an illegal smuggling and underground network was soon set up, with many vendors operating to get the chips into China and selling them on to companies there.

In December 2025, US authorities shut down the operations of Hao Global, a US-based shell company with links to China which plead guilty to smuggling Nvidia chips to China.

Nvidia's chips are seen as the gold standard for AI applicationsImage: Kobe Li/ZUMAPRESS/picture alliance

In June 2026, Taiwanese government agencies raided the offices of Super Micro Computer as part of an investigation into the smuggling of Nvidia chips to China.

While export restrictions have been eased significantly under the Trump administration, there are still significant blocks and restrictions on the most advanced Nvidia chips.

In December 2025, the Trump administration approved several Chinese companies to buy or handle advanced Nvidia H200 chips, a move that sparked significant concern among the US security establishment.

However, that deal has not led to a significant flow of Nvidia chips moving legally to China, amid strict US licencing controls and official reluctance from Beijing to publicly promote Nvidia chips to the detriment of its own alternatives.

Editor's note: DW follows the German press code, which stresses the importance of protecting the privacy of suspects, victims and those who are associated with a criminal case, and urges the media to refrain from publishing their full identities in most cases.

Arthur Sullivan Reporter and senior editor focused on global economic stories with a geopolitical angle.@drumloman86
Edited by:Andreas Becker