The mysterious Asian longhorned tick invades Virginia

by Annie Raab and Sarah Boudreau, Virginia Tech

Asian longhorned tick. Credit: Kevin Lahmers, Virginia Tech

When seven cattle mysteriously died on a farm in Albemarle County, Virginia, in 2017, veterinary anatomic pathologist Kevin Lahmers had no reason to suspect the culprit: a tiny pest carrying a disease commonly confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.

"I was investigating cows that had died from Theileria," said Lahmers, clinical associate professor of anatomic pathology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (DBSP) at the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. "I was asked if I wanted to look at the ticks found on the property, so I agreed."

In short order, Bruce Bowman, a field veterinarian for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' (VDACS) Veterinary Services, delivered the ticks to Lahmers.

An expert in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals, Lahmers serves as the associate director and the head of research and development for the veterinary college's on-site diagnostic lab, the Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, or ViTALS. He works in conjunction with the lab's clinical microbiologist to identify threats, develop appropriate diagnostic tests, and rapidly respond to emerging diseases.

Upon receiving the ticks from Bowman, Lahmers knew immediately that something was amiss. "I saw they weren't what they should be," he said. "They weren't typical, and that's when we alerted the federal authorities."

Lahmers brandished a glass vial with tick samples floating in alcohol. "Here, we've got the big engorged ticks, we've got the medium-sized ticks that are not engorged, and we've got the smaller ticks," he explained. Nymphs, adults, and well-fed specimens swished together in the fluid. They are a striking burgundy color, and the blood-engorged samples have collapsed a bit, resembling partially dried cranberries.

Testing in ViTALS determined that the ticks were a species called the Asian longhorned tick, first reported in the Western Hemisphere in 2017, and now present in 30 counties in Virginia and 12 states nationwide.

The presence of the pest in Virginia and the disease it transmits—Theileria orientalis—are still unexplained. In addition, although T. orientalis has been identified in other regions of the U.S, the Ikeda subtype found in 21 Virginia counties is a new discovery. At present, ViTALS is the only laboratory in the U.S. capable of testing for the Ikeda genotype, which causes anemia in cattle.

ViTALS' director, Tanya LeRoith, clinical professor of anatomic pathology in DBSP, was particularly eager to work with the ticks. "Having done my Ph.D. on a related parasite in cattle, I welcomed the opportunity to study hemoparasites," she said. "Other strains of T. orientalis, one of which we have found in Virginia, are considered nonpathogenic."

In order to limit the spread of the parasite, LeRoith said, it is important to distinguish between the Ikeda strain and other strains. The clinical signs can mimic those of Anaplasma marginale, but do not respond to antibiotic treatment.

To that end, ViTALS runs a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test that can identify both T. orientalis and A. marginale concurrently, decreasing cost and turnaround time.

Lahmers noted that the Ikeda strain was identified in the course of looking for a disease that could potentially spread to other animals—and humans.

"We had the knowledge that this tick existed in New Jersey, and T. orientalis Ikeda genotype was considered a foreign disease," he said. "If we hadn't gotten this information from a human medicine angle, the connection between the tick and this disease might not have happened. The fact that this tick has the potential to carry human diseases, as well as animal diseases, is significant."

Even though no cases of human disease from the ticks have been reported in the U.S., Lahmers said, "lots of people are looking." He points to the unusual case in the New Jersey suburbs, where an Asian longhorned tick was found on a man who had picked it up on his mowed, suburban lawn—an unexpected development, for the longhorned tick is typically associated with leaf litter and tall grasslands.

Other potential complications have also surfaced. "This tick can feed on multiple species," said Lahmers. "The second issue is it reproduces asexually. So one tick, translocated somewhere else, can reproduce."

The lab's findings regarding the T. orientalis Ikeda genotype and how it may be transmitted in cattle by the Asian longhorned tick were published in the September 2019 edition of Emerging Infectious Diseases.

First author, Vanessa J. Oakes (D.V.M. '16), a fourth-year resident in veterinary anatomic pathology and a third-year Ph.D. student in biomedical and veterinary sciences, collaborated with veterinary college co-authors LeRoith, S. Michelle Todd, Katie M. Boes, Meghan Brookhart, and Lahmers, along with researchers from the University of Georgia, Kansas State University, VDACS, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In a November 2019 story in Bovine Veterinarian about the threat posed by the tick and the disease, Lahmers underscores the impact of T. orientalis and discusses how the disease can result in lower profits for farmers and a compromised quality of life for cattle.

In the absence of any immediate threat to humans, Oakes likewise considers the disease process from a farm-to-table perspective because, obviously, healthy production animals yield a more secure food supply.

"A human who eats beef or drinks milk from an animal that may have had T. orientalis isn't going to contract T. orientalis," she said. "But that sick animal will be contributing less to the food supply. It's easy for us to walk into Kroger and forget that the burgers we're picking up for dinner come from an animal that had to make muscle first."

In plain terms, production animals that are chronically sick fail to produce enough for farmers to earn a living. "For example, a beef cow that's infected with T. orientalis Ikeda will spend energy fighting off disease instead of laying down muscle," Oakes explained. "The more time she spends sick, the less time she spends making muscle, which translates to less money for the producer and less food for the general population."

More expansively, Oakes makes the case for human commitment to animal health, reflecting the veterinary college's One Health orientation. She believes that veterinary researchers must do more than just prevent disease from spreading to humans; they must also work to ensure that domesticated animals live well.

"The moment in our evolutionary history that we started taking wild animals and domesticating them to serve our purposes, we became the stewards of their health," Oakes said. "We really owe it to the creatures that give their lives for us to ensure those lives are as free from discomfort as possible."

As the son of a dairy veterinarian who was raised on a cattle and swine farm, Lahmers is similarly inclined. "I got into this field to answer questions," he said. "I've been given an opportunity to do something that helps the agricultural community, and I want to do it well. Having to contend with a new disease is not ideal, but I want to be part of the solution."

That expertise will most certainly be needed. In late January, the West Virginia Department of Agriculture confirmed the presence of Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in three West Virginia counties through work with ViTALS to determine the extent of the disease across the region and its impact on the livestock industry. At this time, additional surveillance samples are being collected throughout the state.

New tick species spreading in the US

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More information: Vanessa J. Oakes et al. Theileria orientalis Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA, Emerging Infectious Diseases (2019). DOI: 10.3201/eid2509.190088

HERSTORY MONTH

Beyond Gender? Imagining Utopia in Ursula K. Le Guin's The Left Hand of Darkness MA Thesis

Yin-Yang Dualism in Gethenian Biology and Politics in Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness
Philology, Culture and Education, 2018


Artea Panajotovic


Ursula K. Le Guin’s relationship with Daoism is one of the most widely known, but at the same time least researched, aspects of her work. In her SF classic The Left Hand of Darkness, Le Guin takes dualism as her central theme, and the view of dualism expressed here is firmly grounded in Daoist philosophy and its theory of the dynamics of yin and yang. In order to shed light on this influence, the paper analyzes two aspects of dualism in the novel: the specific physiology of the people and the political balance of power on planet Gethen. The dynamic androgyny of the Gethenian race is examined as a fictional transposition of the mixing of yin and yang characteristic of Daoist internal alchemy. At the level of society, duality finds expression in the organization of and interaction patterns between Karhide and Orgoreyn, two Gethenian countries founded on the principle of yin and yang respectively. The analysis of biological and socio-political dynamics on Gethen thus provides an insight into the specificities of Le Guin’s understanding of duality and reveals its deep Daoist roots.

Publication Date: 2018
Publication Name: Philology, Culture and Education


Towards a genderless society: Androgyny in late 20th century

Jane Allcroft

This dissertation will look at the concept of androgyny and the form this takes in contemporary novels, focusing on four different works of fiction taken from the late 1960s to early 2000s. A brief overview of the development of the idea of androgyny within literary texts from early creation mythology, through Plato to the fiction of the modernists provides contextual background to understanding current representations. Concepts of androgyny within contemporaneous literary and social theory will also contextualise the fictional representations, looking at how they both draw on and reflect theoretical concepts and social discourses.
Androgyny will be shown to be an archetype which takes on various forms depending on the social circumstances in which it emerges. The forms in which androgyny is manifested in the four novels under consideration here will be seen to range from the embodiment of both maleness and femaleness in futuristic androgynous humans in Ursula LeGuin’s The Left Hand of Darkness (1969), the earliest novel analysed here, through to poststructuralist genderless and intersexed narrators in the two later novels, Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body (1992) and Jeffrey Eugenides’ Middlesex (2002). The dissertation will look at how this is achieved within the novels through a consideration of plot, narrative and textual analysis.
Concepts of androgyny will be shown to be bound up with destabilizing the categorization of people via gender and sexuality in its ultimate aim to become obsolete as a referent in a post-gender society. Androgyny’s ability to bring this about can be seen to lie in its fluid and multidimensional nature.

Family Frontiers: The Space Age Fiction of Marge Piercy and Ursula K. LeGuin
https://www.academia.edu/9687360/Family_Frontiers_The_Space_Age_Fiction_of_Marge_Piercy_and_Ursula_K._LeGuin

Vector: The Critical Journal of the British Science Fiction Association, 2014
Sue Dib Norton
Issue: 277
More Info: Issue No. 277

Golden Dawn: the rise and fall of Greece’s neo-Nazis 

A Golden Dawn rally in Athens in 2014. Photograph: Yannis Kolesidis

A decade ago, violent racists exploited a national crisis and entered mainstream politics in Greece. The party has since been caught up in the biggest trial of Nazis since Nuremberg, and is now crumbling – but its success remains a warning. 

By Daniel Trilling

Tue 3 Mar 2020

After he stabbed Pavlos Fyssas in the chest, leaving him to bleed to death on the pavement, Giorgos Roupakias walked calmly back to his car and waited to be arrested. “Don’t give me away, I’m one of you,” he said, according to a police officer who arrived at the scene.

“What do you mean, are you police?” asked the officer.

“No, I am Golden Dawn.”

Roupakias, an unemployed lorry driver, would later claim that the killing was an act of self-defence. He said he had simply got caught up in a random street brawl in the Greek port city of Piraeus, shortly after midnight on 18 September 2013. What he told the police officer, overheard by several witnesses, suggested something quite different. Golden Dawn was a neo-Nazi party that had risen to prominence the previous year amid Greece’s economic crisis. The party had gone from winning fewer than 20,000 votes in the country’s 2009 general election to winning more than 7% of the vote, and 18 parliamentary seats, in 2012. No outright fascist party in Europe had made such gains in a general election for years.

Although Golden Dawn’s members sometimes played the game of respectable politics, they were no mere rightwing populists; they were the kind of Nazis you are more likely to read about in history books. Driven by profound racism and antisemitic conspiracy theory, with a fervent devotion to Hitler, Golden Dawn combined street violence with torchlit flag-waving rallies and extreme rhetoric. One of its MPs proclaimed “civil war” to a BBC reporter, while an election candidate promised in front of a documentary crew to “turn on the ovens” and make lampshades from the skins of immigrants, a reference to what Nazi Germany did to Jews, Roma and other minorities in the Holocaust. “The Europe of nations is back,” declared the party’s leader, Nikolaos Michaloliakos, at a press conference in May 2012. “Greece is only the beginning.”

In the years before Golden Dawn’s electoral breakthrough, its opponents had been intimidated, beaten up and, in some cases, almost killed. Once the party’s candidates entered parliament, this kind of violence only seemed to grow. Party associates like Roupakias – who claims not to have been a member, although other witnesses say he was a key official in his local branch – seemed to believe that they were tolerated, or even supported, in their endeavours by parts of the Greek state. But the events that night in September 2013 changed everything.

On the evening of 17 September, three Golden Dawn supporters were watching football at a bar in Keratsini, a suburb of Piraeus, when they spotted Fyssas, a 34-year-old rapper on a night out with friends. Fyssas, who went by the stage name Killah P, was well known locally as a hip-hop promoter and campaigner against racism with a following among working-class Greek youth. The Golden Dawn trio started making phone calls; surveillance records show how communications travelled up the party hierarchy and back down again.

At 11.28pm, the records show that an SMS was sent from a phone alleged to belong to Giorgos Patelis, the leader of Golden Dawn’s branch in Nikaia, to several dozen contacts: “Everyone come now to the local office. Whoever is nearby. We will not wait for those who are far. Now.” Roupakias, who had been at home watching television, was one of the people who apparently responded to the call-out. Just before midnight, a convoy of Golden Dawn supporters on motorbikes, with Roupakias following in his car, arrived in Keratsini. Witnesses saw the Golden Dawn group threaten Fyssas and his friends, before chasing them around the corner and on to the main road, Tsaldari Avenue. As his friends fled, Fyssas stopped to face his attackers, who quickly pinned him to the wall.

CCTV footage shows what happens next. While Fyssas is assaulted by groups of men in twos and threes, in apparently coordinated fashion, a car driven by Roupakias pulls up. He gets out, moves in close to Fyssas as if to embrace him and delivers the fatal blow. A doctor who treated Fyssas later told his parents that the stabbing looked like a “professional hit”.
FacebookTwitterPinterest Pavlos Fyssas in 2012. 

Photograph: Alexandros Theodoridis/AFP via Getty

Earlier in 2013, two men linked to Golden Dawn had stabbed to death a Pakistani man, Shehzad Luqman, on the streets of Athens. That murder barely registered in Greek media, let alone internationally. The killing of Fyssas, however, made headlines all over the world. In Greece, there was widespread shock – particularly as the image of Fyssas’s mother, Magda, appeared on TV news bulletins and newspaper front pages. Clad in black, grieving, demanding justice for her son, she made it “a case for every Greek”, as Kostis Papaioannou, a prominent human rights activist, told me last year.

The murder investigation quickly became an investigation of Golden Dawn itself, and the result is a vast criminal trial – the largest trial of Nazis since Nuremberg, according to lawyers representing some of Golden Dawn’s alleged victims. More than six years after it began, the trial is only now drawing to a close. A total of 68 people are charged with directing or belonging to a criminal organisation. The defendants, who include Golden Dawn’s entire leadership and all of its former MPs, are charged with dozens of additional crimes including racketeering, attempted murder and weapons possession. They all deny the charges.

Court hearings will end this spring, and a verdict is due shortly after, but Greece has already started to move on. Golden Dawn was wiped out in last year’s general election, and a new conservative government has declared the years of crisis over. Many media outlets only cover the trial sporadically. According to the centrist political commentator Yannis Palaiologos, Greece now has an opportunity to draw a line under the populism of both left and right. “As the various populist myths about the causes and possible solutions to Greece’s crisis have been revealed as delusions and outright lies,” he wrote in a piece for the Washington Post last year, “the fuel that sustained extremism has been depleted.”

Yet it would be a mistake to overlook what the trial has revealed. The story of Golden Dawn is the closest we’ve yet come to seeing fascism in its most extreme form regain a foothold in European politics this century. What makes it doubly shocking is that it took place in a country that suffered brutally at the hands of Nazi Germany – and that the European Union, founded on the promise of “never again”, was partly responsible for Golden Dawn’s rise. How is it that a movement that recalls some of the worst moments of the 20th century could flourish in our own time?

In the days after the killing, Greece’s justice system sprung into action. The minister for public order asked the supreme court to investigate Golden Dawn, handing over details of 32 alleged crimes that ranged from violent threats to grievous bodily harm, stabbings and murder. Michaloliakos, a squat, middle-aged man with greying hair and a bulldog face, was arrested, along with dozens of other senior members. Raids on party offices and members’ homes uncovered caches of weapons and Nazi paraphernalia, and footage of occult swearing-in ceremonies. Before September 2013, Golden Dawn’s support had been higher than ever – that year, according to Papaioannou, some pollsters had been reluctant to publish the results of surveys that put it in double-digit figures, some as high as 17% or 18%, for fear it would give them further legitimacy. Now the party’s poll ratings plummeted.

Yet the danger posed by Golden Dawn had been clear for years. North-west of Athens city centre is a square dominated by an Orthodox Church dedicated to the fourth-century martyr Saint Pantaleimon. In the late 2000s, Golden Dawn established a public presence there by turning some of the local Greek residents against their immigrant neighbours.

Golden Dawn was founded in the early 80s, initially as a Masonic society, according to the investigative journalist Dimitris Psarras, an authority on the party. For many years it remained small and semi-hidden, recruiting its members from Greece’s football hooligan scene. In the late 00s, however, it pursued a new strategy, setting up an “angry citizens” group in Saint Pantaleimon to complain about crime it linked to immigrants, mainly refugees from Afghanistan, who had recently moved into the area. Many lived in poverty or destitution, trapped by a Greek asylum system that didn’t work and an EU regulation that would not let them travel elsewhere, but a community was starting to put down roots; some Afghans had opened shops and cafes on the square.

In an early sign of economic turmoil, several inner-city neighbourhoods of Athens became visibly poorer during this period; a decline that some people blamed on immigration. Saint Pantaleimon and the surrounding streets became notorious for racist attacks. So-called “assault squads” of men, who witnesses often said wore T-shirts bearing Golden Dawn’s logo, would beat Afghan, Pakistani and west African residents with sticks and knuckledusters. Local Greek people who spoke out against Golden Dawn, like the owner of a pharmacy I interviewed a few years ago, were threatened, too. “After the refugees,” she said they’d told her, “the targets will be you, the leftists and the Jews.” In 2010, voters in Athens elected Michaloliakos to the city council.

Every country in Europe has groups like Golden Dawn: small, often clandestine networks of rightwing extremists whose ideology blurs the line between politics and a cult. Their hopes of breaking into the mainstream lie in economic collapse, intense social conflict or a state that doesn’t enforce the law. In the wake of the global financial crisis, Greece offered Golden Dawn a combination of all three.

In 2009, Greece’s newly elected government, led by the centre-left party Pasok (the Panhellenic Socialist Movement), announced it had discovered a huge hole in the public finances. Greece was one of the countries left most exposed by the financial crash, and the fallout threatened not just the national economy but the stability of the euro. The government was forced to accept a bailout from international lending institutions, which came with punishing austerity measures insisted on by the EU. Tax rises, wage suppression and cuts to public spending forced hundreds of thousands of people into poverty. A tax on heating fuel symbolised the hardship and humiliation: many people started to use wood-burning stoves, and 19th-century smog returned to Greek cities during the winter months.

Nikolaos Michaloliakos, the head of Golden Dawn, 

in the Athens supreme court last year 2019. 

Photograph: Petros Giannakouris/AP

Public anger at austerity swept many parts of Europe during these years, but in Greece it developed into a full-blown crisis of legitimacy for the state. To many Greeks, the entire political class seemed corrupt. “We vote, you vote, they steal,” ran one popular slogan in the protest movement that erupted in 2011. The government’s response was to crack down on protests with riot police and teargas, even as it struggled to carry out basic functions of the state, such as tax collection or running public services.

Across the political spectrum, a feeling of national betrayal took hold. “This is not a division of left or right. The division is between the Greek people and the ones who have subjected themselves to the will of the bankers and the troika [Greece’s lenders],” said Manolis Glezos, a leftwing figurehead of the protest movement, when I interviewed him at the peak of the crisis. Glezos was a hero of the Greek resistance during the second world war. As a teenage boy, while Athens was under German occupation, he had climbed the Acropolis and torn down the swastika flag that hung there. In return, he was tortured. Now, in his 90s, he led protests outside the Greek parliament that were attended by an array of groups: leftists and some rightwing nationalists; labourers and middle-class professionals; public sector workers and small business owners.

In this fraught atmosphere, Golden Dawn worked hard to attract the support of the disaffected, vehemently opposing the disorder of the protests, but positioning itself against austerity. It expanded across the country, building several well-organised branches around Piraeus, a port city dominated by Greece’s powerful shipping industry and beset by unemployment. “Call us if you want to get rid of the commies,” its members told people in the shipyards, traditionally the stronghold of a trade union affiliated with Greece’s Communist party.

For the 2012 general election, the party veered between a more populist image – railing against Greece’s creditors; allegedly hiding the neo-Nazi parts of its doctrine with a new party constitution – and violent rhetoric, promising to sink boats carrying migrants across the Aegean. Its candidates claimed to offer security that the state was unable to provide: one widely circulated campaign photograph showed Golden Dawn members escorting an elderly Greek woman to a cashpoint; she was later revealed to be the mother of one of the members.

The 2012 election was won by the established rightwing party New Democracy, but the bigger story was that voters had deserted the mainstream in droves. Many went left, transforming the once-marginal radical left party Syriza into a major opposition force. Others turned to Golden Dawn. “I feel like the whole system is a lie,” one Golden Dawn voter, a young woman who worked in marketing, told me that year. On another occasion, I was accosted by an elderly lady at a food market who demanded I tell my readers that she voted for Golden Dawn to show that “we Greeks can stand on our own two feet”.

In October, five months after the election, a coalition of NGOs including the UN’s refugee agency warned of a steep rise in racist assaults in Greece, many of which shared the modus operandi of Golden Dawn’s alleged attack squads. Other violent incidents began to stack up: one of Golden Dawn’s MPs slapped a female leftwing opponent in the face live on television; two others led a mass assault on a community centre in suburban Athens that offered language lessons to immigrants, in which witnesses described adults being beaten in front of terrified children. A string of assaults, increasing in severity, preceded the killing of Fyssas.

When I first visited Athens, in late 2012, I found that the Afghan community had been driven out of Saint Pantaleimon, their shops and cafes shuttered. Yonous Muhammadi, the head of the Afghan community association, was working from an office in a secret location, because his previous headquarters had been firebombed. A few years earlier, he said, his organisation had held a press conference to raise the alarm about the violence linked to Golden Dawn. “For now it is our problem – migrants and refugees,” he had warned. “But soon it will be a problem for all of you Greek people too.”

In late 2013, after the wave of arrests that followed the killing of Fyssas, Greece’s supreme court appointed two magistrates to carry out the investigation. Over nine months, they assembled a case file containing more than a terabyte of data: witness statements, police interviews, photographs, videos, confiscated hard drives, call records and wiretapped phone conversations. Some of the more lurid details were leaked to the Greek media, such as a video of the party’s deputy leader, Christos Pappas, apparently teaching his children to shout “Heil Hitler”.

The drop in public support for Golden Dawn proved to be temporary. A few months after the killing, it was back to polling around 7% – the vote it had received in the 2012 election. Greece’s crisis had not abated, and the New Democracy-led government was trying to push through the unpopular austerity measures that its predecessors had failed to.

The country’s political and media class was split over how to treat Golden Dawn, since Greece’s constitution does not allow for the banning of political parties. In late 2013, when parliament voted to suspend the party’s state election funding and waive its MPs’ immunity from prosecution, the move was opposed by a minority of leftwingers, one of whom argued that Golden Dawn was “not a classic Nazi party”, since it set itself in opposition to “the dominant bourgeois forces”. In 2014, several defence lawyers for Golden Dawn members who were under investigation appeared on a TV chat show to argue that while they didn’t support the party’s views, they were doing their jobs in the interest of democracy and free speech.

Suspending funds did not stop 17 of Golden Dawn’s 18 MPs retaining their seats at the general election of January 2015. It was won overall by Syriza, who formed a left-right coalition with the nationalist Independent Greeks, promising to defy EU-imposed austerity. One month later, the judicial council of the Athens appeals court, a panel of judges that decides on whether a case should proceed, charged 69 Golden Dawn members and supporters, including all of its sitting MPs, under article 187 of Greece’s penal code, which relates to organised crime. (One defendant has since died, so 68 now await a verdict.) The indictment made clear that the defendants were not on trial for their beliefs. “This ideology of the leaders, supporters and friends of the political party is not in itself criminal,” the council wrote. Instead, the trial examines whether Golden Dawn used violence to impose its ideas on others, and whether that violence was planned and directed from the top of the party.

Dozens of other charges, ranging from weapons possession to perjury, have been brought against individual defendants. In addition to the state’s case, lawyers representing some of Golden Dawn’s alleged victims have brought civil prosecutions, which have also been incorporated into the main trial. These relate to the murder of Fyssas, the attempted murder of communist trade unionists outside the Piraeus shipyards, and the attempted murder of a group of Egyptian fishermen, also close to Piraeus. 

Supporters of the Golden Dawn gather in front 

of the Greek parliament in 2014. 

Photograph: Louisa Gouliamaki/AFP/Getty

In April 2015, the trial began, with a flurry of media attention as Golden Dawn’s supporters fought with their anti-fascist opponents outside the Athens courthouse. More than 150 witnesses – police officers, legal and political experts, alleged victims of assaults, anonymous informants – have given testimony over the years. During this time, the media’s interest in the case has ebbed and flowed. Journalists have largely arrived only to cover spectacular moments such as Magda Fyssa’s testimony, which ended with her hurling a bottle of water at her son’s alleged killers.

The trial’s progress has been slow, beset by strikes and procedural wrangling. But it has revealed something of vital importance: how fascist ideology tries to exploit a society’s anger and resentment. At the heart of the prosecution’s case is testimony given by five former Golden Dawn members, all of whom are now under witness protection, over the course of several weeks in late 2017. Their evidence purports to set out the anatomy of a neo-Nazi organisation.

The former members described a group with a dual structure. It recruited from wider society, like a regular political party, but also gradually inducted a chosen few into “closed cells” that, they said, were sent to boot camps in the Greek countryside and trained to follow orders. Protected Witness A said he joined Golden Dawn in 2012 after a friend suggested they could help him find work and receive financial support. Witness B said she had got involved the same year after reading a Facebook post that falsely claimed “Pakistanis” were on their way to attack her local Golden Dawn branch office. Witness E said she was told that a woman “is a good national socialist if she stays in the house and has children, because her goal is to breed warriors”. But when it came to election time and Golden Dawn needed female names on the ballot paper, she claimed, she was ordered to stand as a candidate.

Witness C described what it was like to be a member of the inner core. He said he had joined the party in 2006, aged 16, when it was still a “closed club”. For the first few years, he attended discussions at the party headquarters in downtown Athens, two or three times a week, where they were taught about Hitler and Nazism. When he was a little older, Witness C claimed, he was taken out for “walks” – the term his comrades used to describe night-time assaults on people from ethnic minority backgrounds. “This one night,” Witness C recalled, “we found an immigrant, probably a Pakistani. We went near him and I punched him in the face wearing my brass knuckles. The others laughed and told me: ‘Well done boy, you’re really coming into your own.’”

The witnesses all said they believed that instructions came directly from the top. As Ilias Stavrou, another former member who waived his right to anonymity, testified: “In a party with such a military-style structure, nothing can happen without an order or permission from above. If Michaloliakos orders a hit, the person isn’t what’s important. Golden Dawn does not harbour personal feelings. For Golden Dawn, race is the ideological unit, not the person.”

The alleged existence of closed cells – similar to the stormtrooper units of the original German Nazi party, or the black-shirted squadristi of Mussolini’s Fascists – is central to the case. Psarras, the investigative journalist, told me that these core members never numbered more than 200 or 300, with just a few dozen being involved in most of the violent incidents. After 2012, as the party became more popular, it attracted at most 2,000 new members, who were kept at arm’s length as “registered supporters”.

Throughout Golden Dawn’s rise to prominence, there were persistent allegations that elements in the Greek police tolerated, or even supported its activities. In 2018, the research organisation Forensic Architecture published a study of CCTV footage and police and ambulance radio transmissions on the night Fyssas was killed, which appeared to place officers at the scene of the crime before it happened, contradicting the official account. In the neighbourhood of Saint Pantaleimon, the victims of racist attacks reported police officers looking on – or joining in – as Golden Dawn members beat them up. Trial witnesses described occasions at protests when it appeared as if Golden Dawn was acting as the “rear guard” of the riot squad, or that clashes between the two seemed like “a friendly match”.

In April 2018, the court heard wiretap evidence of a phone call between a senior Golden Dawn member – not on trial in this case – and an officer in the riot control unit, who was apparently passing on details of the movements of leftwing demonstrators. One analysis of votes cast in the 2012 election suggested that as many as 50% of riot control officers in Athens may have voted for the party. (The study was made possible because riot squad barracks had their own dedicated ballot boxes.)

The activist Kostis Papaioannou, a former president of the National Commission for Human Rights, told me that these revelations have not come as a great shock, since there is a feeling among many Greeks that “it’s not the first time” they’ve seen this happen. Rather, it’s a reminder of the country’s traumatic experiences during the 20th century.

The German occupation of Greece in the second world war was marked by famine, massacres and a growing conflict between communist-led partisans and those rightwing Greeks who collaborated with the occupiers. As the war drew to a close, British forces, who had until then supported the partisans, attempted to prevent them from running the newly liberated country. Instead, the British empowered the right. This sowed the seeds for the civil war of 1946 to 1949, during which more than 150,000 people were killed. As the historian Mark Mazower writes in Inside Hitler’s Greece, the civil war ended in victory for the right, behind whom “lurked the mysterious ‘para-state’, a loose network of shadowy rightwing paramilitary organisations dedicated to protecting Greece … from the left”.

Almost three decades of repression followed; first under a system of “managed” democracy in which leftwingers and their families were blocked from taking up public sector jobs, and former partisans were exiled to remote islands in the Aegean – then, between 1967 and 1974, by a military junta backed by the US. Golden Dawn’s leadership hails from the far-right milieu that surrounded the junta. Michaloliakos once led the youth wing of a party founded by the former leader of the dictatorship.

After the fall of the junta in 1974, Greece went through a process of reconciliation, establishing a liberal-democratic constitution. Writing in the mid-90s, Mazower could optimistically suggest that the Nazi occupation and its aftermath “has come to seem to a younger generation a matter of some antiquity, of little relevance to their own concerns”. But the crisis that engulfed Greece after 2008 brought matters that many hoped were settled back to the fore.

As people argued over who was responsible for betraying the country, and who was defending it, historical events took on a new meaning. Among the anti-government graffiti that appeared on the streets of Athens, for instance, was the slogan “Varkiza is not over”, a reference to the town where a fragile peace treaty was signed between the left and the right in 1945. As the historian Procopis Papastratis explained to me at the time, it expressed a sentiment that “our grandfathers agreed to work together and they were betrayed. And we’re not going to make the same mistake.”

In 2012, amid increasing polarisation, the party that won the general election, New Democracy, presented itself as charting a course between “two extremes” – that of Syriza on the left, and Golden Dawn on the right. But New Democracy was itself promoting a form of rightwing nationalism, aided by xenophobic media coverage on Greece’s privately owned television channels. While the government aimed to carry out the austerity measures, it also promised voters it would crack down on migrants and refugees and restore law and order. The New Democracy prime minister, Antonis Samaras, vowed to “retake” Greek city centres, which had been “occupied” by illegal immigrants. “The country has not faced an invasion of such magnitude since the Dorian invasion 3,000 years ago,” claimed one of his ministers in August 2012.Get the Guardian’s award-winning long reads sent direct to you every Saturday mo

That November, the government launched a large-scale police operation to round up undocumented immigrants and place them in detention centres. Scores of people were arrested, including two tourists, an African American and a South Korean, both of whom said they were beaten up by police despite showing their passports. Yet the anti-government mood continued unabated. According to Yannis Palaiologos in his history of the Greek crisis, The 13th Labour of Hercules, some New Democracy officials even started to privately discuss the possibility of going into coalition with Golden Dawn. “The government,” he writes, “was playing with fire.”

In this atmosphere, Golden Dawn campaigned hard to position itself as the defender of the nation. Its activists staged “Greeks-only” food banks and blood-donation drives, and forced their way into hospitals to check the residence permits of immigrant nurses. It staged spectacular rallies, with hundreds of members marching with torches and Greek flags at night, to boost its prominence in the media, with some outlets giving the party an easy ride. One talkshow host, for instance, told his viewers he believed a Golden Dawn MP’s claim that what appeared to be a swastika tattoo was, in fact, a “Trojan symbol”. The party’s public statements frequently appealed to more mainstream Greek nationalism: invocations of ancient Greek history and Orthodox Christianity; resentment of Turkey and Germany, the former oppressors; and conspiracy theories about who was responsible for Greece’s troubles.

Yet Golden Dawn’s efforts to claim the myths and symbols of the Greek nation for itself also played a part in its undoing. On 15 September 2013, days before Fyssas was killed, members stormed a commemoration event at Meligalas, a village in the Peloponnese region where, in 1944, partisans killed several hundred Greeks they accused of being Nazi collaborators. The left and the right in Greece each have their own historical moments to commemorate: when Syriza were elected to power in 2015, for instance, one of the first acts by Alexis Tsipras, the new prime minister, was to place flowers at the spot where 200 mainly communist activists were murdered by the Nazis in 1944.

Meligalas, by contrast, is claimed by the right: in its version of events, the dead were mainly civilians, and this kind of atrocity justified the subsequent repression of the left. But the sight of Golden Dawn members marching in formation to the front of the crowd and pushing the village mayor off the stage – just as he was giving a speech saying the events of the war should never be repeated – was too much for some Greek conservatives. “In Meligalas, Golden Dawn declared war on the right!” read the headline on one rightwing news website. Papaioannou told me that it was particularly shocking since Samaras, the prime minister at the time, hails from the Peloponnese. “Symbolically, it was an attack on the leader of the conservatives, because it was an attack in his own back yard,” said Papaioannou.


Two days after Fyssas was killed, Samaras visited the neighbourhood where the murder had taken place. “This government is determined,” he declared, “not to allow the descendants of Nazis to poison our social life, to commit crime and to undermine the foundations of the country that gave birth to democracy.”

In the autumn of 2019, six years after they were arrested, Golden Dawn’s leadership finally appeared in court. Throughout the year, the 68 defendants took turns to give their final statements to the court. A panel of judges – there is no jury in this type of trial – will decide whether or not Golden Dawn is a criminal organisation, and who, if anybody, bears responsibility for running it.

Even before it concludes, the trial has in effect suppressed the party, at least temporarily. With its election funds suspended, and its senior members facing prosecution, Golden Dawn was never able to build on the 7% it received in the 2012 election. After the arrests and raids of 2013, racist attacks in Greece dropped sharply: according to the Racist Violence Recording Network, an NGO monitor, there were 18 incidents in the final quarter of that year, as compared to around 50 in each of the previous quarters. In the general election of 2019, New Democracy regained power from Syriza – which, despite dire predictions of left-populist chaos in some quarters, was defeated in its attempt to overturn austerity and ended up governing as a fairly moderate social democratic party – and Golden Dawn was unseated from the national parliament. It retained just one MEP, who has since quit to form his own breakaway party.

For Thanasis Kampagiannis, a lawyer representing some of Golden Dawn’s alleged victims, the trial is only one tool among many to counter the party. He believes the case may not even have come to court were it not for mass anti-fascist protests in the autumn of 2013, which placed the government under public pressure and sought to reclaim city squares dominated by Golden Dawn. “We do not trust the institutions to dismantle completely this Nazi organisation,” declares a statement issued by Kampagiannis and other lawyers in 2013.

For this reason, Kampagiannis and two dozen other volunteers – there is no legal aid available to them – have put in hundreds of unpaid hours to sift through the case files and find evidence that state investigators may have missed. It is “a legal scandal”, he told me, that Golden Dawn members are not being prosecuted under a stricter anti-terrorism law, as was the case for 17 November, a leftwing group whose leaders were convicted in 2003 of a string of high-profile assassinations. A legacy of Greece’s fractured history is an undercurrent of violence on the left as well as the right: in late 2013, two Golden Dawn members were shot dead outside party offices in an Athens suburb, an attack that was later claimed by a hitherto unknown “revolutionary” organisation as retaliation for the killing of Fyssas.

Some individuals linked to Golden Dawn have now been convicted of specific crimes in separate trials – the killers of Shehzad Luqman, for instance, were found guilty of murder, with the judge acknowledging the crime had a racist motive. But Kampagiannis, along with several other people I spoke to, was concerned that the state still does not take the far right or racism seriously enough. In recent months, anti-immigrant protests have grown in the wake of the refugee crisis; at one such event in Athens this January, a German journalist was assaulted by far-right activists. In February, a gang of men suspected of having links to Golden Dawn were arrested on the island of Lesbos as they were patrolling a village armed with wooden clubs, allegedly looking for migrants to beat up. And in the past few days, growing tension over Turkey’s decision to let refugees approach the Greek border means the rhetoric of a migrant “invasion” has once again returned to European politics.

Towards the end of last year, as lawyers prepared to make their closing arguments, the state prosecutor – an official who sits alongside the judges and recommends what course of action they take – surprised many observers by suggesting that Golden Dawn’s leadership should be acquitted of the most serious charges, since the violent crimes were “isolated acts for which the leadership was not responsible”. This provoked a retort from Fyssas’s mother, who has attended court every day since the trial began. “Pavlos Fyssas has been dead for 75 months,” she told the prosecutor in front of the court. “You chose today to stab him again?”

 

Magda Fyssas next of the monument in honour of her son, Pavlos, in 2013. Photograph: Orestis Panagiotou/EPA

For Golden Dawn’s part, the approach has been to deny everything. I visited court in the autumn of 2019 and saw a series of alleged middle-ranking members claim they knew nothing about any of the crimes they were accused of. One, who was recorded discussing the killing of Fyssas on the phone with his mother, told the court he had been making it all up. Many refused to say if they were members of the party or not. (If the court does decide that Golden Dawn is a criminal organisation, then being a member could itself be incriminating.) Several prosecution witnesses had previously testified that a culture of “omerta” pervades the ranks: one told the court about a member who had stepped out of line and was beaten up in party offices, with classical music played on the stereo to cover his screams.

On 6 November 2019, Michaloliakos had his day in court. There was no great showdown. In front of the judges, he declined to take the opportunity to defend his beliefs. Instead, he argued that the accusations were all lies. There was, for instance, no secret party constitution that gave him absolute power, as numerous witnesses had testified. Anybody who contradicted him couldn’t be relied on. As a final gesture, he appeared to abandon his own followers, undermining the claim of Giorgos Patelis, the alleged leader of the Nikaia branch, that on the night Fyssas was killed they had merely been out delivering leaflets. It was “weird” to go leafleting at midnight, Michaloliakos said. After leaving court, he recorded a video for his social media channels, saying he had “defended Golden Dawn and its fighters” when he took the stand.

Michaloliakos and his associates represent a nightmare that haunts Europe: that the worst parts of its history are bound to resurface. Yet as the journalist Psarras told me, since Golden Dawn was never a mass movement, its relationship with its supporters was “ideological”. By this he meant that Golden Dawn’s power lay in failures in the political and justice systems, the platform given to it by the media, and people’s unwillingness to face up to the problem. Golden Dawn’s rise inspired a new generation of fascists around the world: one apparent visitor to its rallies in 2013 was the American founder of the influential neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer. But this story is about more than individual extremists. It is a warning about what can happen when a society feels hurt, humiliated, angry and ignored.

Fascism, more than any other political current, is a battle over memory as much as it is about the present. The extreme nationalists who populate the far right know this, and they know that in order to succeed they must make us forget what their ideas have led us to in the past. Fascism seeks to colonise our myths of identity and belonging, to turn them to its own destructive ends. It starts by promising to clean up your neighbourhood, your city or your country. It says the nation is for you, and people like you alone – and that its violence will only ever be directed against those who don’t matter: the misfits, outsiders, inferiors. It never stops there.

Yet it only works if we let it. The trial of Golden Dawn has described a catalogue of violence – a former head of the Pakistani community association in Athens testified that he had heard as many as 900 accounts of immigrants being attacked by people claiming to support Golden Dawn – but it has also given voice to the fears and hopes of those people who pushed back. There was an elderly man who told the court that seeing Golden Dawn marching in his town brought back terrifying memories of the German occupation, and an anti-fascist activist who testified that being assaulted by Golden Dawn supporters would not deter him because he felt “a duty to the people that died in the crematoria and in the islands of exile”. A schoolteacher said she had organised a protest against Golden Dawn because she wanted to defend her island’s “multicultural character” and its unique rhythms of life. A Greek father described how shocked he was when his dark-skinned son was stopped in the street by Golden Dawn and asked for ID, and a mayor spoke of his determination to support a local Roma community despite being labelled the “gypsy mayor”. And several former members talked about what motivated them to give evidence: Protected Witness E felt she had a “moral duty” to testify; Witness C said he had ideological differences with Fyssas, but wanted to apologise to his mother.

When I visited Athens in late 2019, I went to see the spot where Fyssas was killed. Tsaldari Avenue has since been renamed after the rapper; a memorial stands on the spot where he died. I also visited the square of Saint Pantaleimon, where Golden Dawn had established itself a decade earlier. Before, on the occasions I visited, it was often deserted. Immigrant residents of the neighbourhood were scared to leave their own houses for fear of assault – one Afghan woman, brought almost to destitution by a combination of far-right violence and failed immigration policy, described to me in 2012 how she and her friends were reduced to going out at night, in groups, to scavenge for food. Seven years later, the square had transformed. It was banal, even: a multicultural neighbourhood of a European city, whose Greek, Middle Eastern and Asian residents were sitting outside together, talking, checking their phones and catching the evening sun.

Merapi volcano news & eruption updates

Merapi volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) activity update: spectacular explosion recorded

Tuesday Mar 03, 2020 11:40 AM | BY: MARTIN

An ash column from Merapi volcano reached approx. 9,000 m altitude today (image: BPPTKG)

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) recored that a spectacular explosion occurred on 3 March at 05:22 local time. An explosion at the Merapi generated a dense dark ash plume, which rose approx. 20,000 ft (6,000 m) above the summit and drifted NE.

Ashfall was reported in several areas downwind including Musuk (10 km N), Cepogo Boyolali (10 km N), Mriyan (3 km) and Boyolali (3 km).

The seismic station records 1 volcano-tectonic earthquake and 2 long-period events. Deformation did not show significant changes. These observational data indicate that nearing the eruption there was not enough pressure to form because the eruption material was dominated by volcanic gas.
The threat of this eruption in the form of hot clouds originating from the disassembly of lava dome material and volcanic material burst

Indonesia's most active volcano erupts, spews ash into sky

Indonesia’s most active volcano has erupted, spewing sand, smoke and ash into the sky

By SLAMET RIYADI Associated Press 3 March 2020

YOGYAKARTA, Indonesia -- Indonesia’s most active volcano erupted Tuesday, spewing sand and pyroclastic material and sending a massive column of smoke and ash as high as 6,000 meters (19,680 feet) into the sky.

The eruption of Mount Merapi on the main island of Java unleashed searing gas clouds 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) down its slopes, Indonesia's Geology and Volcanology Research Agency said on its website.


It said villagers living on Merapi's fertile slopes are advised to stay 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) from the crater's mouth.

Ash from the eruption made rain thick and muddy in several villages. Witnesses said the sound was heard 30 kilometers (18 miles) away.

The agency did not raise the alert status of Merapi, which already was at the third-highest level due to its ongoing activity.

The 2,968-meter (9,737-foot) mountain is the most active of 500 Indonesian volcanoes. It has rumbled and generated dark hot clouds since last year. Its last major eruption in 2010 killed 353 people.

Indonesia, an archipelago of 240 million people, is prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity because it sits along the Pacific "Ring of Fire," a horseshoe-shaped series of fault lines around the ocean.

Indonesia's most active volcano spews massive ash cloud 6,000m into the air
Eruption of Mount Merapi coated nearby communities with grey dust and forced an airport closure
Agence France-Presse
Tue 3 Mar 2020 
Indonesia's most active volcano spews huge ash cloud 6,000m into the air – video
Indonesia’s most active volcano Mount Merapi erupted on Tuesday, shooting a massive ash cloud some 6,000m (20,000ft) in the air which coated nearby communities with grey dust and forced an airport closure.
Ash mixed with sand rained down on towns as far as 10km (six miles) from the belching crater near Indonesia’s cultural capital Yogyakarta.
“There was a thundering noise for at least five minutes and I could see the ash clouds from my house,” said Jarmaji, a resident of Boyolali regency.

Volcano three-quarters blown away by Indonesia tsunami eruption
Authorities did not raise the volcano’s alert status, but they temporarily shuttered the international airport in Solo city – also known as Surakarta – some 40km away after the early morning eruption.
Indonesia’s volcano agency warned residents to stay out of a 3km no-go zone around Mount Merapi, citing possible danger from flowing lava and pyroclastic flows – a fast-moving mixture of hot gas and volcanic material.
Mount Merapi’s last major eruption in 2010 killed more than 300 people and forced the evacuation of 280,000 residents.
That was Merapi’s most powerful eruption since 1930, which killed around 1,300 people, while another explosion in 1994 claimed about 60 lives.
The south-east Asian nation – an archipelago of more than 17,000 islands and islets – has nearly 130 active volcanoes.
It sits on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”, a vast zone of geological instability where the collision of tectonic plates causes frequent quakes and major volcanic activity.

Risk to Canadians. 
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) | Outbreak update‎
The risk in Canada continues to be low. Follow the situation from an official source. Get updates and answers to frequently asked questions. 
Risk to Canadians. 

2019-nCoV.
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Advice for travellers

CORONAVIRUS TASK FORCE TRIES TO PRAY IT AWAY

Offiical WH task force prayer photo featuring a bunch of unqualified white men, the Bride of Frankenstein (Stephen Miller’s new wife) and some guy keeping snot from running out of his nose.

Mike Pence is on it! Fear not, America! Mike Pence and his task force are PRAYING the coronavirus away! No thoughts (because that could lead to critical thinking which could lead to science,) just prayers. Rest easy, America! Mike Pence has got this!

Everybody in the White House is totally freaking out about what to do about the health crisis. What do we do? WHAT DO WE DO?!!!! First we have got to try and convince the public that we’re not freaking out. To prove that they weren’t freaking out, Pence tweeted out a round table meeting of all men with this caption: Today we had a very productive meeting of the White House Coronavirus Taskforce in the Situation Room. We placed additional travel restrictions on Iran & we are increasing the travel advisory to level 4, urging Americans not to travel to specific regions in Italy & South Korea.

Sound good? We got it!

Global health crisis history fun fact: 1/3 of the people around the world got the Spanish flu in 1918 and 1919. 2.5% of the people who got it died, a total of 80 to 100 million worldwide. Soldiers who fought in WWI spread it from port to port. More US soldiers died from the Spanish flu (63,114) than did in combat (53,402.) Overall, 675,000 Americans were killed by the Spanish flu, amounting to more than all of the US soldiers who were killed in WWI, WWII, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War combined. India lost 18 to 20 million people. If the coronavirus travels around the world and infects as many people as the 1918/19 flu did, 1 billon people could die. 1/3 of our Congress could get it.

Trump called a press conference after the first person to contract the virus on American soil died. Everybody expected him to talk about that but he didn’t. He called the press conference to announce the end of the war in Afghanistan because he really needed to look good after the stock market tanked. He had to prove to himself that he’s still got it.

He doesn’t get it. He doesn’t get anything.

Trump said this about the Afghanistan troop withdrawal: “I guess most of all I want to thank the people of the United States for having spent so much in terms of blood, in terms of treasure, and treasury. The money that has been spent, the lives that have been lost……..We have killed ISIS fighters by the thousands and likewise in Afghanistan but now it’s time for somebody else to do that work and that will be the Taliban.

You got this, Afghanistan? We’re outta here.

2 weeks ago Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that the Afghan peace deal would not require the release of Taliban prisoners. Trump’s deal required them to release 5,000. He is betraying our Afghan allies like he did our Kurdish allies. People will get killed.

After he bragged about himself ending the war, he got around to talking about the coronavirus, mere hours after he did a MAGA rally in South Carolina where he called the coronavirus a Democratic hoax. He kind of admitted that the coronavirus wasn’t fake but he downplayed it by saying, “Healthy people, if you’re healthy, you will probably go through a process and you’ll be fine.” He mentioned the deceased and said it was a woman in her 50s who was already sickly. “She was a very fine woman,” he said. The first person who got the virus in America and died was a man.

“Listening to Donald Trump may be hazardous to your health.” — Jeffrey Guterman

When a reporter confronted Trump about calling the coronavirus a Democratic hoax at a MAGA rally the day before he said no he didn’t. “I don’t like it when they are criticizing these people, and that’s the hoax,” he said.

WTF?

Trump would like us to believe that when he used the word “hoax” it was NOT about the coronavirus itself but about what Democrats were saying about his administration’s response. Got it? You called my people names so now you’re gonna get it. I’m gonna smear the shit out of you.

After he put on an act for the press he headed over to CPAC and let it rip in front of the crazies. He said that Bloomberg was violating campaign finance laws which not a single person present saw as ironic. When he brought up Mitt Romney the crowd booed. Trump called him a low life and the crowd booed some more. Regarding Elizabeth Warren, he said “Look what I did to her! She choked. You know, she went out and got a test because I was killing her with the Pocahontas.” On the Taliban peace deal he said they timed the withdrawal to coincide with CPAC and then boasted that “We could win that war easily if we wanted to kill a million people.”

Trump accused the Democrats of wanting to turn the US into a large scale Venezuela. “They want to take away your money. Take away your choice. Take away your speech. Take away your guns. Take away your religion. Take away your history. Take away your future … and freedom.” Got it? Ba-dump bump.

After Trump finished his CPAC MAGA speech he grabbed the flag by the pussy, kissed it and told it he loved it. Then he went back to the White flop House, cuddled up with his Diet Coke, bag of chips, TV and phone and tweeted this: Democrats are working hard to destroy the name and reputation of Crazy Bernie Sanders, and take the nomination away from him!

Trump still thinks he’s got game but all he can get anymore is a flag.

Joe Biden kicked ass in the primary race in Lindsey Graham’s state, South Carolina, yesterday. Lindsey congratulated his former friend who he totally fucked over in a tweet. He congratulated him on defeating socialism.

Republican hypocrite fun fact: Republicans in South Carolina who aren’t hypocrites abandoned the party to vote for Democrats yesterday. A high percentage.

Tomorrow Lindsey Graham will more than likely re-up the Burisma “investigation.”

Lindsey is gonna get Joe.

REPORTER

Spike Dolomite
Mar 1 · 2020

Mike Pence tweeted a picture of his coronavirus 'taskforce' and it doesn't include a single woman

Posted by Sirena Bergman in news

Twitter/Mike Pence

Vice President Mike Pence, who was controversially named coronavirus czar despite the fact that he doesn't actually seem to believe in science nor have any background in medicine, tweeted a picture last week of a "very productive meeting" of the "White House Coronavirus Taskforce".

But people quickly pointed out that there was something a bit odd about the attendees photographed.

The image showed 19 people sitting around a table, all of whom are men. In the periphery of the picture, we see another handful of brogue-clad feet, which appear to belong to even more men. Men for days! Pence (who famously refuses to spend time alone with women other than his wife) presumably loves to see it.

Many people, including presidential hopeful Elizabeth Warren, were quick to point out this bizarre set-up.

And before you say it, it turns out that women are actually highly represented in this field, so no it wouldn't have been hard for them to find one or two to include.

(Unlike some of the men included, whose qualifications elude us...)

This isn't just about the optics either. Not including women in discussions around public health can have dire consequences (mainly for women).

Others also noticed the distinct lack of racial representation too.

There was a different picture also circulating, which appeared to be of the same meeting, which included one woman among the sea of white men. Said photo appears to show participants praying.

Pray away the coronavirus, why not? Maybe that's the solution no one's thought of...

(Spoiler: it's not. Since the pictures were posted, two people have died of coronavirus in the USA and infections are now approaching 90,000.)

The Twitter thread also mentioned that Trump's "number one priority" was to "protect the health and well-being of the American people", which is why he was holding the meeting in the first place. It's an interesting turn of events after Trump's statement on coronavirus last week in which he said that it would be cured by a "miracle" and will just "disappear".

Perhaps the miracle real miracle we need is ending the patriarchy.

What does it take to qualify for Trump's coronavirus task force?

Would now be a good time to ask what exactly the qualifications are for those with formal roles on the White House Coronavirus Taskforce?

March 2, 2020, 9:20 AM MST
By Steve Benen

Vice President Mike Pence published a tweet on Saturday, assuring the public via Twitter that the White House Coronavirus Taskforce had completed a "very productive meeting" in the Situation Room. The tweet included an image of the meeting's participants.

Right off the bat, something obvious stood out in the image: there were literally no women in the photograph. In 1950, such a picture would be expected. In 2020, that's an awfully tough personnel dynamic to defend.


But there were also concerns about those who were at the table. Among those visible were Pence, Surgeon General Jerome Adams, HHS Secretary Alex Azar, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, and HUD Secretary Ben Carson. Including Carson seemed odd, though he did have a successful career as a physician. (He was formally named a member of the task force yesterday.)

But also visible was Larry Kudlow, director of the White House National Economic Council, who was formally chosen for the Coronavirus Taskforce last Thursday.

Or put another way, Kudlow was named to the task force two days after he shared these words of wisdom with a national television audience.

"We have contained this. I won't say airtight, but it's pretty close to airtight," Kudlow told CNBC. The outbreak is a "human tragedy," but it's not likely to become an "economic tragedy," he said.

What's more, the day after being added to the White House task force, Kudlow boasted that Trump's response to the outbreak will likely help the Republican's campaign prospects.

"I think the way he's handling this will have a very positive effect on his re-election campaign," Kudlow told reporters at the White House. "I'm a longtime Trump friend and watcher and now, of course, the last couple of years I've been working with him -- for him. I think it was one of his best news conferences I've ever seen him give."

Maybe now be a good time to ask what exactly the qualifications are for those with formal roles on the White House Coronavirus Taskforce?
Related

Previous post: Pence defends over-the-top coronavirus rhetoric as 'understandable'

The consequences of a coronavirus task force made almost entirely of men
Public-health experts say the Ebola epidemic should serve as a warning

(Carolyn Kaster/Ap; iStock)

Lena Felton THE LILY
March 2,2020

On Saturday — the same day the first U.S. coronavirus death was reported in Washington state — Vice President Pence, who has been tasked with overseeing the country’s response to the outbreak, sent a tweet. “Today we had a very productive meeting of the White House Coronavirus Taskforce in the Situation Room,” it read.

Along with the tweet, a photograph showed members of the task force sitting around a large rectangular table. About 20 people were pictured. Not a single woman was included in the shot — a detail that didn’t go unnoticed on Twitter.

Where are the women scientists, physicians, public health experts?
This is 2020.— Leslie McCarthy (@LeslieM3355) March 1, 2020

In late January, the Trump administration announced the formation of the President’s Coronavirus Task Force. Led by Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar, it included 11 additional members — all of whom were men.

Last week, after officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned that U.S. citizens should begin making preparations for the spread of the infectious disease, more members were added to the task force. That included one woman: Deborah Birx, the State Department’s global AIDS director, who was named the “coronavirus response coordinator.” (Officials from the White House and the CDC have not responded to requests for comment.)

[ Live updates: Global coronavirus death toll surpasses 3,000; markets stage cautious recovery on stimulus hopes]

The task force’s apparent lack of gender diversity isn’t just about optics, according to public health experts: It’s likely to carry real consequences for women.

“We can’t ignore 50 percent of the population when it comes to effective health policy,” says Imogen Coe, a professor of chemistry and biology at Canada’s Ryerson University who has written about gender equality in medicine. “The consequences of doing so could range from inconvenience to very severe.”

The coronavirus death toll has now passed 3,000 globally, and the U.S. government has confirmed 87 coronavirus cases in total as of Monday afternoon, including the first in New York. On Monday, the Washington State Department of Health announced four more deaths, bringing the U.S. total to six. An analysis has suggested the virus has probably been spreading in the state, undetected, for weeks.

Experts say they can’t understate the importance of having a diversity of perspectives when it comes to addressing as serious an outbreak as this. Many cite the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa as an example. Sarah Hawkes, a professor of global public health and co-director of the gender equality initiative Global Health 50/50, points to research that showed women were absent in leadership decisions related to the outbreak. They were disproportionately affected by the epidemic: Health teams reported that 75 percent of those who were infected with or died from Ebola were women.

“You can design all sorts of systems and responses, but the one thing we should’ve learned from the Ebola crisis is that if we don’t engage good representation from the communities you’re trying to reach, you’re not likely to be a very effective program,” she says.

Although men are likelier to die from the coronavirus, women contract it in similar numbers, based on data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Among the biggest risks for women is that they vastly outnumber men when it comes to both paid and unpaid care work. In other words, they will be largely responsible for caring for the sick, recognizing when to keep their children home from school and dealing with other day-to-day realities of such an outbreak, according to experts.

When you lack those perspectives “at the table,” it’s easy to create policy removed from the needs of the health-care workers on the ground, says Coe, the Ryerson professor. “You need to be asking specific questions for the women who are taking care of families and ill people and who are often on the front lines,” she says.

A recent New York Times article found that the situation for female health workers in China has been especially harrowing: One nurse’s superiors “told her and her female colleagues that they ‘lacked the spirit of devotion’ and discipline after they sought help getting pads and tampons.”

[ Mapping the spread of the new coronavirus]

Women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of the U.S. health-care workforce, but they’re underrepresented in leadership, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Public health is somewhat of an anomaly, with many women leading the field, according to Susan Wood, director of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health at George Washington University. In other words, the lack of women in Pence’s photo “is not for there being a lack of qualified women in public health,” she says.

Wood has seen emergency response flounder when it comes to addressing women’s specific health needs, she says. In the cases of emergency evacuations or quarantines specifically, supplies such as diapers and baby formula are often included — but menstrual supplies aren’t necessarily a given.

Coe agrees: Considerations around women’s reproductive health is crucial in addressing the coronavirus outbreak. “If you are a young woman who’s pregnant and you have a family member who just came back from one of the hot spots — Italy, Iran — what is the advice you should be getting?” she asks. “What are the recommendations going to be for women who are breast-feeding?”

Experts worry that if these perspectives aren’t represented in initial conversations, those needs won’t be adequately addressed in policies. Regardless of the qualifications of some on the task force — Hawkes points to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases — there are likely to be blind spots. What the photo communicates, says Hawkes, “is that there’s either a systematic bias or a systematic blindness to the importance of diversity.”

But there is a potential bright spot, according to Kelly Thompson, co-author of a World Health Organization report on gender disparities in the global health workforce: There’s opportunity for increasing perspectives going forward. The NIH, for example, has a mandate that its research needs to include women and minority groups. As Thompson puts it, “Looking toward any research that’s going to be done on the coronavirus, or future vaccine work, we definitely need to make sure that mandate is given priority.”



Source: (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

The White House announced Monday afternoon two new members have been added to the coronavirus task force being overseen by Vice President Mike Pence.
"Today, Vice President Mike Pence and Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar announced the addition of the following individuals to the President’s Coronavirus Task Force: Robert Wilkie, 

Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Seema Verma, Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services," the White House released in a statement.

THE ONLY WOMAN BUT SHE GETS PASSING MENTION IN THIS PSA

Secretary Wilkie oversees the Veterans Affairs healthcare system, which treats nearly 10 million veterans every day in thousands of facilities across the country. According to the U.S. Census, more than 100 million people are enrolled in Medicare  or Medicaid, headed by Administrator Verma. 

Since the task force was announced by President Trump last Thursday, members have been meeting every day to go over developments and will do so again Monday afternoon at the White House.

Here is a list of the other members, courtesy of the Trump administration:

Robert O’Brien, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs

Dr. Robert Redfield, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health

Deputy Secretary Stephen Biegun, Department of State

Ken Cuccinelli, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Homeland Security

Joel Szabat, Acting Under Secretary for Policy, Department of Transportation

Matthew Pottinger, Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor

Rob Blair, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the Chief of Staff

Joseph Grogan, Assistant to the President and Director of the Domestic Policy Council

Christopher Liddell, Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Coordination

Derek Kan, Executive Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget

ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

Scientists have successfully cured diabetes in mice for the first time, giving hope to millions worldwide

Louis Staples in news


Image: ISTOCK


Diabetes is a disease that has a huge impact on peoples’ lives.

So far the disease, which is thought to affect over 400 million people worldwide, is understood to be incurable. But researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis have just proved that it is possible to cure diabetes in mice in just a couple of weeks.

IFL Science’s Alfredo Carpineti reports that the researchers used human cells to keep the disease at bay for at least nine months and up to more than a year in some mice. The findings were published in Nature Biotechnology.

The mice were given severe diabetes using a substance known as streptozotocin, but human cells implanted in the animals were able to control their blood sugar levels, curing the disease.

Dr Jeffrey R. Millman, an assistant professor of medicine and of biomedical engineering, said in a statement:

These mice had very severe diabetes with blood sugar readings of more than 500 milligrams per deciliter of blood – levels that could be fatal for a person – and when we gave the mice the insulin-secreting cells, within two weeks their blood glucose levels had returned to normal and stayed that way for many months.

So what does this mean for humans with diabetes?

It’s still far to early to tell whether this means a cure for diabetes is on the horizon. But it’s certainly encouraging to see that some mammals can be cured of the disease, even momentarily.

A pro-Trump newspaper printed a 'privilege pyramid' diagram to mock minorities and got absolutely everything wrong
Posted 1 hour ago by 

Moya Lothian-McLean in news

Image: Twitter

Another day, another needlessly stupid feature in the media regarding race and privilege.

Most of the time it’s not even worth engaging with, but this particular incidence of foolery requires a little extra unpacking because it’s so egregious.

Right-wing US newspaper The Washington Examiner recently printed a helpful little diagram they labelled a “privilege pyramid”.

The graphic puts those at the top that it considers to have the most privilege and “power” in American society today.

Those at the bottom are the ones who apparently have the least “privilege”. But the Examiner’s definition of “privilege” appears to be majorly off. Quelle surprise!

At the bottom of its lil pyramid sit… white men.

Specifically the blocks read: “white”, “male”, “wealthy”, “college-educated”, “hetero”.

My heart bleeds.

At the top?

“Rape victim”, closely followed by “transsexual”.

The next row down is made up of blocks reading “queer” and “refugee”. Wonderful stuff.

Of course, the Examiner and the Eddie Scarry journalist who wrote the accompanying thinkpiece (a misnomer: clearly minimal thinking went into this) know that this is provocative.

In the article, Scarry argues that “social justice movements” are trying to “remake society from top to bottom”. 

Aka he thinks the aim of movements like the campaign for trans rights or #MeToo are not to ensure a fairer a society for all – but instead to upend the entire social hierarchy so straight, wealthy white men are at the bottom.

It says a lot that Scarry can’t just imagine a fairer world but instead thinks someone always has to suffer.

But he also makes an even more damaging claim.

Who has the power in America’s culture now?

The social justice movement does.

AS. IF.

If by “power” Scarry means “a small corner of the internet to organise but almost zero tangible real world authority” then, yes.

But if the “social justice movement” (which by the way, is a term broad enough to be useless, as it encompasses a huge swathe of groups with very different aims), had the power Scarry speaks of then, why are the people at the top of the pyramid still suffering to the degree they are?
Why are trans individuals being murdered at a disproportionate rate in the US?

Why do over half of trans male teens and non-binary individuals report attempting suicide?

Why do 0.7 per cent of reported rapes – nine out of 10 with women victims – not lead to a conviction?

Why are a third of rapes unreported in the US?

Why are anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes on the rise, according to the FBI?

Why is the US closing its borders to refugees (admitting only 18,000 and building a border wall) at a time when the global number of asylum seekers has rated the highest level since World War II?

I could go on, but the point is clear. If people belonging to these groups – who also can fit into more than one at once and are so much more than the one singular identity Eddie Scarry assigns to them – now have the power in the US, why aren’t they flexing it?

Simple answer: they don’t.

indy100 contacted the illustrator behind the piece, who said that he regrets making the illustration.

I would want to apologize to anyone who was hurt by it. I do regret making it.

I assumed many people would disagree with the opinions presented, but I didn’t appreciate just harmful that image could be, and how many people could feel hurt by it.

I think the image can shame people for having suffered, and might encourage resentment against social policies and movements that are intended to provide support for historically persecuted groups and individuals. Which, as it would with anyone, sits terribly with m