Friday, December 10, 2021

'We're different': Spielberg launches Latina stars in 'West Side Story'

Andrew MARSZAL
Fri, 10 December 2021


Ariana DeBose (L) portrays Anita in Steven Spielberg's 2021 remake of "West Side Story," a role that Rita Moreno (R) played to acclaim half a century earlier (AFP/Charley Gallay)More

It is every aspiring actor's dream: hand-picked by Steven Spielberg from 30,000 contenders for a starring role that launches her into Hollywood's A-list and Oscars contention.

But Rachel Zegler insists the process of her casting as Maria in the new film adaptation of "West Side Story," which hit US theaters on Friday, was anything but straightforward.

"It didn't feel like a fairy tale when it was happening. I was actually very stressed out!" Zegler, who was 16 when she submitted a video of herself singing "I Feel Pretty," told AFP.

Zegler, a New Jersey native, went through "eight or nine" rounds of auditions over nearly a year.

"I left every single round thinking if I don't get it, I can't wait to see this movie, and I've had today and I've met these cool people, and maybe they'll keep me in mind for the next thing.

"I had the greatest time -- and then I got to actually make the movie," Zegler added.

Due to pandemic delays, the Spielberg motion picture was kept under wraps for more than two years after filming finished, during which time she has been cast as Snow White in Disney's upcoming live-action remake.

Zegler, now 20, is being tipped as a contender for best actress at the Oscars held in March, with the film's campaign blitz launching her into the public eye.

"It's the most jarring, overwhelming experience," said Zegler, adding that "she doesn't know how to feel" about becoming a celebrity.

"Being known is fun, being known is cool too," she said.

- 'We're different' -


Spielberg's decision to remake a beloved 1961 film which won 10 Oscars -- the most ever for a musical -- drew criticism from many fans who felt it could not be improved upon.

Reviews have been glowing, however, with Zegler and Ariana DeBose -- who plays the fiery Anita -- drawing particular praise.

Additional controversy came from the 1950s Broadway musical's stereotyping of Puerto Rican immigrants as gang members, and its use of racial slurs.

But while the original film version was criticized for casting a white actress as Maria, and painting Rita Moreno's skin darker to play Anita, Spielberg cast his movie more authentically.


DeBose, who is Afro-Latina, said her real-life heritage helped her performance stand out from the legendary Moreno, who joined her on set for Spielberg's film as a new character.

"It wasn't intimidating because we're different. I mean, sure, she's 100 percent an icon, she's beloved," she told AFP.

"But by virtue of me being Afro-Latina, we are inherently different women, with different lived experiences and my lived experience informs this character fully," said DeBose.

"I walk through the world in a very different way. So I feel like when you know that you have something to offer a character you hold fast to that. And you don't focus on the pressures of someone else's legacy."

Moreno, one of the elite club of entertainers to have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award -- popularly known as an "EGOT" -- "showed us that there was possibility of success," said DeBose.


"For my character specifically, now young Afro-Latinas finally get to see themselves as a main character in the context of this story."

Zegler, who is of Colombian heritage, added: "As a Latina, I could not be more proud to be a part of a project that represents our people in such a beautiful way, and represents real-life experiences that we've all had, and that our ancestors had when they came here for the first time."

amz/hg/crs/mlm

West Side Story aims to improve on original's Latino representation

Fri., December 10, 2021

David Alvarez portrays Bernardo Vasquez. The Cuban-Canadian actor says there is 'so much pride' in the new adaptation of the 1961 classic. (20th Century Studios/AP - image credit)

When Rita Moreno starred as Anita in West Side Story, the 1961 movie in which half of the characters are Puerto Rican, she was the only Latino performer among the cast.

Still, she — and her white colleagues — were made to wear makeup that darkened their skin.

It was a common practice back then. But in the 60 years since, Moreno says Latino representation in film and television "hasn't changed anywhere near enough."

"In some respects it has gotten better," she told CBC News. "In some respects, it's pretty much the same … I think we're represented so poorly in films and television."

Director Steven Spielberg says he wanted to cast his version, in theatres now, more "authentically" — to make sure the actors playing the famed musical's Puerto Rican teens "were 100 per cent Latinx and young."

Like the original, his version is based on the 1957 stage musical by Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein, recounting the forbidden romance of Tony, an American boy, and Maria, a Puerto Rican girl, in 1950s New York City. Their affair is complicated by allegiances to rival teenage gangs: the Puerto Rican "Sharks" and the white American "Jets."

Moreno, now 89, takes on a new role as Valentina, a scene-stealing shopkeeper.

One expert says that Latino performers have been overlooked and stereotyped by Hollywood for years. The old West Side Story was no exception.

It "looks really weird to us today because we see that, and [we think], 'What is that?' and, 'Why does [Moreno] have so much makeup?'" said Charles Ramírez Berg, a professor of film studies at the University of Texas at Austin and an expert on Latinos in American cinema.

"Back in 1961, that was just the convention and that was just how movies were made."

A new generation of Latino triple threats — all actors, dancers and singers — emerge in Spielberg's adaptation. One is Canada's David Alvarez, who plays Shark leader Bernardo, a role originally portrayed by Greek actor George Chakiris.

Alvarez, who is of Cuban descent, says while he loves the original, it's not without its shortcomings.

"The only thing that I wish had been the case is that the old movie represented the Latin community a little better," Alvarez said. That's why there is "so much pride" behind this new film, he added.

"My parents struggled so much to try and give me a better life," said Alvarez, whose parents moved from Cuba to Canada during the 1990s.

"It makes me so happy that not only my parents get to see it, but just a whole entire community who understand the struggle that Bernardo, Anita and Maria go through."

Another change: Spielberg's West Side Story forgoes subtitles when characters are speaking Spanish.

"I felt that subtitling the Spanish would have been disrespectful to the second language in this country, and that it would immediately make English the dominant language," Spielberg said in an interview with Digital Spy, a British entertainment website.



"It was out of complete respect, and to give the dignity where dignity is earned and deserved to be given."

Alvarez says understanding Spanish-language scenes is a matter of context, not linguistics.

"All you've got to do is look at how it's being said. How am I saying it? Am I kissing Anita when I'm saying it? If I'm kissing Anita … maybe I'm saying something flirty."

Audiences have increasingly pushed back against film and television that, when casting within a particular ethnicity, favour light-skinned performers, shutting darker-skinned talent out of roles.

By contrast, 2021's West Side Story has been lauded for casting Afro-Latino performers, including breakout star Ariana DeBose, who portrays Anita — the same character Moreno was made to darken her skin for in 1961.

Ethnic representation on the screen is never perfect, says Ramírez Berg. But these days "it's much better."

"People are thinking and kind of expanding their cinematic view of stories that can be told, of characters that can hold our attention for a film, and actors who could play those characters."

Niko Tavernise/20th Century Studios/AP

DEFINE DEMOCRACY
Biden touts US as democracy champion, China scoffs


US President Joe Biden says he wants to champion democracy but the message faces criticism (AFP/SAUL LOEB)

Sebastian Smith
Fri, December 10, 2021

President Joe Biden said Friday that democracy "knows no borders" as he closed a two-day summit on democratic freedoms while fending off a storm of criticism from China and domestic critics alike.

Biden's presidency has focused on restoring America to what Ronald Reagan liked to call a "shining city on the hill," or a beacon for freedom that other nations look up to.

But the Washington summit, held by video link because of Covid-19, underlined difficulties facing the United States in resurrecting that traditional role.

In closing comments to leaders from scores of countries, as well as representatives of NGOs and philanthropical bodies, Biden said democracy "knows no borders. It speaks every language. It lives in anti-corruption activists, human rights defenders, journalists."

"We're committed to working with all those who share those values to shape the rules of the road," Biden vowed, saying the United States will stand by those "who give their people the ability to breathe free and not seek to suffocate their people with an iron hand."

Biden has spoken repeatedly about the world reaching an "inflection point" in a struggle between growing autocracies and increasingly under-fire democracies.

On the first day of the virtual summit, he pledged $424 million to support media freedom, fair elections and anti-corruption campaigns.

"Democracy needs champions," Biden said.

But as Biden hosted the summit on a wall of television screens in the White House, rival China was trolling the summit with mocking propaganda, including a rap song in English saying that Americans "sell democracy like they sell Coca-Cola!"

China and Russia, which Biden describes as the supreme leaders of the autocracies camp, were the highest profile names left off the invite list to the Washington summit.

Both countries have responded angrily, accusing Biden of stoking Cold War-style ideological divides.

China is especially upset because while it was not invited, Taiwan was.

As a democratically-run island that China considers a breakaway region, Taiwan is an increasingly sore spot in the wider battle between Beijing and Washington.

Beijing got a boost right in the middle of Biden's summit when Nicaragua dropped its previous diplomatic alliance with Taiwan, saying it only recognized China.

The announcement leaves Taiwan with only 14 diplomatic allies, just as the US State Department is calling on "all countries that value democratic institutions" to "expand engagement" with the island.

- World skeptical on US -


Biden's democracy appeal also met a mixed reception at home.

On one side, Republican critics say he has not been tough enough on China or other adversaries.

"In Joe Biden's first 11 months in office, he has failed to stand up for freedom across the globe and caved to those who want to dismantle it, emboldening our enemies and undermining our standing abroad," the Republican National Committee said in a reaction to his remarks Friday.



On another end of the political spectrum, famed Vietnam War era whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg lashed out at the Biden administration for pursuing extradition of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange.

Washington wants Assange to face trial for WikiLeaks' publication in 2010 of classified military documents relating to its wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

On Friday, the US government won an appeal paving the way for the 50-year-old Australian to be sent from Britain.

"How dare Biden lecture a @StateDept #SummitForDemocracy today while refusing to pardon" Assange, Ellsberg tweeted Thursday.

He accused Biden of "killing freedom of the press for 'national security.'"


And looming over not just the democracy summit, but the entire US political scene, is the trauma of Donald Trump's refusal to accept he lost the 2020 presidential election, as well as an alleged coup attempt to reverse the results.

It's a complex situation that leaves Biden struggling to get his message across and his audience sometimes skeptical.

Only 17 percent of people surveyed in 16 advanced economies "consider American democracy a good model for other countries to follow," according to the Pew Research Center Spring 2021 Global Attitudes Survey.

Another 57 percent "think it used to be a good example but has not been in recent years."

AFP



Russia to ban capturing whales for aquariums

Russian activists on Friday welcomed a move by President Vladimir Putin to close a legal loophole that allowed sea creatures, particularly whales, to be captured to perform in aquariums and other venues.
© STR Killer whales are seen in 2019 at a holding facility, known as "whale jail", in Srednyaya Bay, Russia -- President Vladimir Putin has moved to close a legal loophole that allowed sea creatures, especially whales, to be captured to perform at venues

Images of 100 whales cramped into a notorious facility dubbed the "whale jail" in Russia's far east sparked an international outcry in 2019.

The whales, which were destined for aquariums, were freed after an intense campaign by rights groups and earlier this month Russia said it had fully dismantled the secretive facility.

Greenpeace Russia director Sergei Tsyplyonkov had asked Putin to get rid of a legal loophole that allowed the capture of sea animals, most of them destined for aquariums in China.

"Are you suggesting a ban on catching (the animals) for entertainment? Yes, I agree, let's do it this way," Putin said during a meeting with the presidential rights council on Thursday.

Speaking at a press conference the next day, Tsyplyonkov said closing the loophole was "very important".

"The attitude towards children, the elderly and animals says a lot about a society," said Tsyplyonkov, adding that he was "happy" that Putin agreed with him.

Environmental groups put huge efforts into closing the notorious whale facility in Srednyaya Bay near the far eastern town of Nakhodka and releasing the whales into the wild.

All of the animals -- many of them calves -- went through a rehabilitation programme before being released into the Sea of Okhotsk between Russia and Japan.

oc/jbr/jxb/sst

AFP

Russia completes closure of secretive ‘whale jail’

Russia completes closure of secretive ‘whale jail’
An infamous “whale jail” discovered on Russia’s Pacific coast in 2018 has been dismantled, officials announced last week. It drew the ire of activists when dozens of sea mammals were found locked up there in tiny enclosures.

The collection of pools used to house the animals has now been completely taken apart, according to a statement on Thursday from the environmental prosecutor’s office of Amur, in Russia’s Far East.

“In order to prevent the illegal keeping of sea animals, the floating structures were dismantled,” officials said, adding that the jail’s components had been moved to a shipyard.

In 2018, environmental activists sounded the alarm after discovering 87 beluga whales, 11 so-called ‘killer whales,’ and five baby walruses were being held in poor conditions in the private facility in Primorsky Region. Their discovery sparked an international outcry, with American actor Leonardo DiCaprio tweeting a petition to free the animals that gathered nearly a million signatures.

The Kremlin responded by launching an investigation into the operators of the facility, the Center for the Adaptation of Marine Mammals. The organization maintained that its use of the animals did not breach national laws, but activists said the sea creatures were really intended for sale to aquariums and amusement parks in China.

At the time, Russian law did not forbid the capture of whales for “cultural and educational purposes,” and the process of freeing them dragged on for months. Eventually, a Russian court ruled that they had been obtained illegally, and, by late 2019, all of the mammals had been released into the ocean.

Commenting on the facility’s closure, Dmitry Lisitsyn, the head of the NGO Sakhalin Watch, said, “It should have been done a long time ago. We put huge efforts into closing it and freeing the whales.” He added that the process of freeing them had been “very difficult,” since most of them were very young and therefore not adapted to life in the wild.

In May this year, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin announced that Moscow was introducing new prohibitions on the capture of large sea mammals, intended to protect the species from extinction. In November, however, Russian ecologists warned that the proposed laws would still allow their capture for educational purposes, which had been the stated justification for the “whale jail” in the first place.

The Rwanda start-up helping motorcycle taxis go electric

 

Rwanda-based start-up Ampersand has an ambitious target: to convert all of the country's motorcycle taxis to electric bikes by 2025. The company, which makes both electric motorcycles and batteries, so far counts fifty motorcycle taxi drivers among its customers, who can also use Ampersand's "swap stations" to recharge their vehicles. It hopes to increase this tally to 500 drivers by early 2022.

Cartoonists mark Human Rights Day, shine a light on inequality



Issued on: 

As the world marks Human Rights Day on December 10, the UN this year highlights inequality and the fight against poverty as a central theme.

Human Rights Day is observed every year on December 10, marking the day the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.

The landmark declaration proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It also states that everyone – regardless of race, colour, religion, sex, language, political views, national or social origin, property, birth or other status – is entitled to inalienable rights.

The principle of equality is at the heart of human rights. It sounds obvious on paper, but in reality, it’s a very different story.

The latest World Inequality Report, released earlier this week by the World Inequality Lab at the Paris School of Economics, found the wealth of the world’s billionaires soaring during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The gap between the rich and poor has widened, with the world’s richest 10 percent owning three quarters of global wealth. This trend has very serious political, economic, social and environmental consequences and constitutes, along with the climate crisis, one of the main challenges for humanity.

Born in 1970 in Trinidad, Cuba, Ramses Morales graduated from the Trinidad Academy of Arts in 1996. He works as a graphic designer and draws political cartoons and illustrations for the international press.

Morales currently lives in Switzerland and works as a freelance illustrator and painter. His work has been published in Courrier International (France), Nebelspalter (Switzerland), Spotsk (Denmark) and in the national press in Cuba. In February 2019, he received World Press Cartoon’s first prize in the category of editorial cartoon in Portugal.

Cartooning for Peace is an international network of cartoonists committed to promoting freedom of expression, human rights and mutual respect between people of different cultures and beliefs through the universality of press cartoons.


Turkey and neighbours pledge to clean up Mediterranen

by Raziye Akkoc
Vast patches of 'sea snot' mucilage on Turkey's coastline this summer put the spotlight on caring for the Mediterranean.

Turkey and its neighbours pledged Friday to do a better job addressing the threats posed by pollution to people's health and the natural habitats of the Mediterranean Sea.

From plastic waste to slimy mucilage forming on their coasts, the ring of tourism-dependant Mediterranean countries have battled a steady stream of environmental problems, raising the issue's importance in voters' eyes.

Responding to the tide of public unease, envoys from 21 regional states agreed at a four-day gathering ending Friday on Turkey's southern coast to slash the use of sulphur in fuel for ships.

Their decision to reduce the sulphur content of the fuel to 0.1 percent from 0.5 percent in the Mediterranean will be submitted to the International Maritime Organisation.

Once approved, the cap will come into force in January 2025.

"We expect that through the implementation of this decision, there will be an important reduction of pollution coming from ships," said Tatjana Hema, coordinator of the Mediterranean Action Plan at the United Nations Environment Programme.

'Breakthrough'

Mediterranean countries and the European Union hope the limit on sulphur use—the culmination of five years of talks that could provide a template for other deals—will ultimately save lives.

Besides hurting the sea, air pollution caused by smoke-chugging ships can be linked to 60,000 premature deaths a year globally, according to some expert estimates.

Hema told AFP any cut in sulphur would have positive "socioeconomic and health" effects by reducing hazardous emissions.

The EU led the effort to reduce sulphur content in fuel, said Patrick Child, deputy director general for the environment at the European Commission.

"It's one of the seas with the most challenging environmental biodiversity threats," he said, calling the agreement on sulphur oxides a "breakthrough".

But the list of increasingly urgent problems is long, putting pressure on regional governments.

The Mediterranean is "a hotspot for climate change", said Carlos Bravo, an ocean policy expert who works for the Swiss-based OceanCare advocacy group.

Other issues include ships colliding with marine mammals, Bravo said, since the sea is one of the most dense for shipping traffic.


Action was also needed to eliminate "bycatch", where turtles and sharks get trapped in commercial fishing nets, and to reduce noise pollution from ships that affects more than 150 species, Bravo said.

Cleaning 'sea snot'

Turkey, which this year became the last G20 country to ratify the Paris climate agreement, has come under particularly heavy criticism for how it treats its water.

The issue gained international attention when a thick layer of slime dubbed "sea snot" covered Istanbul's southern shores on the Sea of Marmara last summer.

Scientists blamed the mucus on Turkey's failure to properly treat agricultural and industrial waste before it flows down rivers into the sea, whose unusual warmth creates ripe conditions for algae to grow out of control.

The sea snot has all been cleaned up, said Soner Olgun, laboratory, measurement and monitoring department chief at Turkey's environment ministry, adding he did not "expect it to return this year or next year".

Turkish officials now stress the imperative of eliminating all forms of waste—particularly plastics—to save the sea.

"It's not just related to marine litter, but also related to waste water treatment, as we saw in Istanbul with the mucilage," Mehmet Emin Birpinar, Turkey's deputy environment minister, told AFP.

Eighty percent of sea waste arrives from land, Birpinar said.

Turtles eating plastic

A Greek study in October said 3,760 tons of plastic waste were floating in the Mediterranean, whose littoral states stretch from North Africa to the Middle East and southwestern Europe.

One of the most poignant examples of the plastics' harm comes from the famous but endangered loggerhead turtles, whose babies hatch on Turkey's southern coast before crawling into the sea when they are ready.

They are carnivores but tend to confuse jellyfish for plastic bags, explained Yakup Kaska, head of the Sea Turtle Research, Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre based in Mugla, southwestern Turkey.

Kaska said rising sea temperatures also led to an increase in female turtles because heat determines the creatures' sex.

"We are getting nearly 90 percent of the hatchlings who are females. We need males," Kaska said.

"If one degree Celsius is the best scenario for the temperature increase, we may have all female hatchlings in 50 or 100 years."

CRIMINAL CAPITALI$M BIG PHARMA
Drugmakers singling out US market for inflation-busting price hikes: probe


Campaigners say half of US diabetics have been rationing their insulin during the pandemic (AFP/Frederick Florim)

Frankie TAGGART
Fri, December 10, 2021

The pharmaceutical industry is targeting vulnerable Americans with predatory pricing that is forcing them to ration life-saving drugs, according to a three-year congressional probe released Friday.

Investigators focused on 10 drugmakers they accuse of raising prices for common brand-name drugs by nearly four times the rate of inflation over the past five years.

"The committee's investigation has pulled back the curtain on drug companies' unfair, unjustified, always-increasing drug prices," congresswoman Carolyn Maloney, who led the probe, said at a press conference.

Drug pricing has vexed politicians for years in the United States, which has the highest annual health expenditure of any industrialized country, at around $11,000 per capita, with pharmaceuticals playing a major role.

The 269-page report by the House Oversight Committee's majority Democrats offers what Maloney described as a "rare glimpse" into the tactics of the world's most profitable drugmakers.

For 12 medications the committee examined, the manufacturers raised prices more than 250 times in the five years from 2016, it said -- as their chief executives pocketed paychecks totaling almost $800 million.

Mindy Salango, a diabetic and patient advocate from Morgantown, West Virginia, said she had been reduced to arranging clandestine meetings to give patients otherwise unaffordable insulin.

"We're not criminals, and we're meeting in parking lots like we're criminals. This isn't health care. This is survival of the richest," the campaigner, who pays about $350 a month for her insulin, told reporters.

Salango said studies had shown that a quarter of US diabetics normally ration their insulin due to unaffordable prices -- but the figure increased to an alarming half of patients during the pandemic.

"They have made record profits at the expense of the lives of diabetics and other folks who have chronic illnesses that need their life-saving medication to survive," she said.

- 'They are brazen' -

Investigators said the probe "confirms that the pharmaceutical industry has targeted the United States for price increases for many years while maintaining or cutting prices in the rest of the world."

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi decried "the exploitation of the American consumer" by companies who were offering much lower prices abroad.

"This is outrageous. But you know what? They are brazen," she said. "I communicate with them and make my views known to them about their brazenness."

Spotlighting Pfizer's Lyrica painkiller, which costs four times what it did in 2004, the report accused drug firms of "product hopping," or tweaking drugs to get a new patent and then switching patients to the newer, more expensive version.

The report rejects drugmakers' position that the price hikes support development, saying they had used a significant portion of research funding to extend market monopolies and "suppress competition."

The Democrats hope the report will sway the public in favor of President Joe Biden's $1.8 trillion Build Back Better social welfare bill, which will go before the Senate in the coming weeks.

The legislation would empower the Medicare government insurance program for seniors to negotiate directly with drugmakers on the price of some older prescription drugs, including cancer treatments.

It would impose a $35 per month cap on insulin costs and limit the annual out-of-pocket drug costs for Medicare recipients at $2,000.

But industry lobby group the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) said the bill would not provide patients struggling to afford their medicines meaningful relief.

"The bill inserts the heavy hand of government into America's medicine cabinet, and we know when government bureaucrats set the price of medicine, patients ultimately have less access to treatments and cures," it said.

It accused the report's authors of ignoring "persistent problems throughout the health care system, such as tactics by insurers and middlemen that shift higher costs onto vulnerable patients."

ft/crs/st
Norway's Magnus Carlsen retains world chess title


Making his move: Magnus Carlsen responding as black after Ian Nepomniachtchi (unseen) chose an opening known as the Italian Game (AFP/-)


Fri, December 10, 2021, 8:57 AM·3 min read

Norwegian grandmaster Magnus Carlsen retained his world chess title on Friday as he recorded a fourth win over Russian challenger Ian Nepomniachtchi.

Carlsen sealed victory by winning the 11th game of the 14-game series in their two-million-euro ($2.3 million) match in Dubai.

Nepomniachtchi resigned with a brief handshake and the two players exchanged a few words.

Carlsen, who turned 31 during the competition, has now won five world titles in a row, taking the first in 2013.

The contest in Dubai started with five draws before the Norwegian won the longest game ever played at a world championships at nearly eight hours to unlock the contest.

Carlsen exploited mis-steps by his opponent to win games eight and nine. Then, as black in Friday's game 11, pounced on more inaccuracies by the Russian to retain the title 7.5-3.5 with three games still to play.

As winner he collects 60 per cent of the 2 millon dollar (1.77m euro) prize fund.

"It's hard to feel that great joy when the situation was so comfortable to begin with, but I'm happy with a very good performance overall," Carlsen told the post-match press conference.

He said his marathon first win was pivotal.

"Game six decided everything," Carlsen said.

"After five games there were five draws and I had very few chances to play for anything more. Then everything kind of clicked and it all went my way."

The two men had been rivals since the 2002 under-12 championship when Carlsen cracked in his final game against English youngster David Howell to hand Nepomniachtchi, who is slightly more than four months older, the title.

Carlsen has called the set-back "one of my worst memories in chess."

Entering the world championship, and excluding draws, the Russian had a 4-1 edge over the Norwegian in matches in the traditional long format, but in Dubai Nepomniachtchi cracked.

"You don't expect necessarily to run away with it in a world championship," Carlsen said. "That's fine by me."

Nepomniachtchi implied one of his problem was nerves.

"Experience is never easy. It should be tough to gain some real experience. It was a little bit too much here," he said.

"The tension is not a reason to overlook some simple things you would never ever overlook in a blitz game," he added.

"In my career I lost some stupid games, but not as many in such a short time."

- 'Cope with the moment' -

Carlsen sympathised.

"He couldn't show his best chess, which is a pity for the excitement in the match," he said. "Sometimes it happens when your get in a difficult situation. All the preparation doesn't help if you can't cope in the moment."

On Friday, Nepomniachtchi miscalculated in a pawn endgame and resigned following move 49 after Carlsen had queened a pawn and it became clear the Russian would not be able to do the same.

Carlsen said that in the later stages of the match he had been able to wait for his opponent to make errors.

"A lot of my decisions skewed conservative and, with hindsight, it worked quite well," Carlsen said.

Besides the world title, Carlsen has topped the points classification for more than a decade and has an encyclopedic knowledge of his discipline.

He founded the Play Magnus brand, which includes an eponymous application and online chess platforms, and raised nearly 40 million euros ($49 million) when it was floated on the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2020.

In September, he won the Norway Chess competition featuring six top players including Nepomniachtchi. The two met twice, playing out two long draws followed by two wins for Carlsen with tie-breakers.

fs/av/gj/pb/ea

France to open classified Algerian War archives



Charles de Gaulle's abrupt decision to grant Algeria independence in 1962 led to assassination bids and attempted military coups (AFP/FARENC)

Alexandra DEL PERAL, Carole GUIRADO
Fri, December 10, 2021

France will open classified police files from the Algerian war 15 years ahead of schedule in order to "look the truth in the eyes", the government announced on Friday.

The files cover judicial proceedings by the French police and military forces during the 1954-1962 war of independence.

They are likely to confirm widespread use of torture and extra-judicial killings by French forces.

"We have things to rebuild with Algeria. They can only be rebuilt on the truth," said Culture Minister Roselyne Bachelot on BFMTV.

"I want this question -- which is troubling, aggravating, and where falsifiers of history are at work -- I want us to be able to look it in the eyes. We can't build a national story on a lie," Bachelot added.

The announcement comes as France seeks to defuse a major diplomatic crisis between the two countries.

It was triggered in October when President Emmanuel Macron accused Algeria's "political-military system" of rewriting history and fomenting "hatred towards France".

- 'Never fear the truth' -

The trauma of the Algerian War has poisoned French politics for more than half a century.

A key strand of today's far-right nationalism has its roots in the war and former president Charles de Gaulle's abrupt decision to grant Algeria independence in 1962 -- for which he faced assassination bids and attempted military coups.

Asked about the likelihood that incidents of torture will be uncovered in the archives, Bachelot said: "It is in the interest of the country that they are recognised.

"We should never fear the truth. We must put it in context."

Macron, France's first leader born after the colonial era, has made a priority of reckoning with its past and forging a new relationship with former colonies.

He has recognised the killing of anti-colonial activists by French forces during the war, including Algerian lawyer Ali Boumendjel and communist activist Maurice Audin.

Macron also in October condemned "inexcusable crimes" during a 1961 crackdown against Algerian pro-independence protesters in Paris, during which police led by a former Nazi collaborator killed dozens of demonstrators and threw their bodies into the river Seine.

- No apology -


A report commissioned by the president earlier this year urged a truth commission over the Algerian war.

However, Macron has ruled out an official apology -- such a move could give ammunition to his far-right opponents in next year's presidential election.

And despite his efforts at reconciliation, Macron has triggered one of the worst diplomatic crises with Algeria in years with his remarks about the current government, reported by Le Monde in October.

Speaking to descendants of independence fighters, Macron also questioned whether Algeria had existed as a nation before the French invasion in the 1800s.

It came a month after Paris also sharply reduced visa quotas for North African citizens.

Algeria responded by withdrawing its ambassador and banning French military planes from its airspace, which they regularly use for anti-jihadist operations in the region.

adm-cgu/er/jxb
New Caledonia referendum to go ahead despite Kanak separatist boycott threat

New Caledonia is pushing ahead with a referendum on independence from France this weekend, despite concerns that a boycott by pro-independence parties who oppose holding the poll amid the coronavirus pandemic risks an outbreak of violence.
© Théo Rouby, AFP

France’s decision to hold the last of a series of three votes on Sunday, against the wishes of indigenous Kanaks, has drawn condemnation in neighbouring Pacific islands where sensitivities over colonization are high.

The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG), comprised of Vanuatu, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the major New Caledonian independence party, has called on Pacific island countries not to recognise the result.

The Noumea Accord of 1998, which set out a path for potential independence, agreed three referendums to determine the future of the country.

With the two previous polls, in 2018 and 2020, resulting in a narrowing of the "No" vote from 57% to 53%, Sunday’s vote presents the last opportunity for the "Yes" campaign to achieve a simple majority.

Concerns over campaigning in villages

Pro-independence groups have accused France of refusing to delay the vote until later in 2022, as allowed under the Accord, to reduce the chance of a "Yes" vote and to placate nationalists ahead of a French presidential election early next year.

Kanak leaders say the pandemic has prevented door-to-door campaigning in villages. They also want to allow for traditional mourning periods - about 300 people, mostly Kanak, have died of COVID-19 since September in a population of around 270,000.

New Caledonia’s congress president, Roch Wamytan, a pro-independence leader who signed the peace accord, raised concerns on Thursday at a United Nations committee on decolonization.

Former secretary general of the Pacific Islands Forum, Meg Taylor, wrote with the former leaders of Tuvalu, Kiribati, Palau and the Marshall Islands to French president Emmanuel Macron on Nov. 23, warning of potential violence if the poll went ahead.

Election observers from the United Nations and Pacific Islands Forum have arrived in the capital Noumea, as have 2,000 police from France to maintain order.

The Noumea Accord itself was agreed to help end a decade of conflict that resulted in 80 deaths.

George Hoa’au, the acting director-general of the Melanesian group, said the French were "not good at anti-colonization."

"They are not good at establishing egalitarian relations with former colonies," Hoa’au told Reuters in a telephone interview. "We must not allow this type of engagement with indigenous people in the 21st century."

Taylor told Reuters that decolonization was a priority for Pacific island nations: "Will it be a legitimate process when people don’t attend?"

A spokesman for France’s Overseas Minister, Sebastien Lecornu, who is en-route to New Caledonia, said the incidence rate of COVID-19 had been "trending positively for one month."

"We are aware that the date of 12 December is not consensual ... but it is the duty of the State to set it," he said.

Indopacific focus


Lecornu’s spokesman said France would "draw conclusions from this non-participation, which is a very strong message sent by the pro-independence supporters, but this non-participation will not override or cancel the result of the three referendums".

Lecornu has said his office would seek dialogue with all parties the day after the referendum.

However, the leader of New Caledonia’s Rassemblement party and former president, Thierry Santa, has said such dialogue is unlikely until after the French presidential election. Santa linked France’s decision with renewed attention in Paris on the IndoPacific, and anger that Australia dumped a major French submarine contract.

"It’s absolutely certain that the ripping up of the submarine contract by Australia and the United States has influenced France’s attitude towards New Caledonia," Santa, whose party is anti-indepen