A PHALLUS HARD TO SWALLOW: 

THE MEANING OF ΑIΔΟIΟΣ IN THE DERVENI PAPYRUS

THE CONTROVERSY OF THE ΑIΔΟIΟΝ:URANUS’ PHALLUS OR  PROTOGONOS?

MARCO ANTONIO SANTAMARÍA ÁLVAREZ

.....the author of the Derveni Papyrus comments upon narrates the events that led Zeus to his seizure of power and alludes very summarily to his ancestors. The most important action that Zeus executes after receiving power from his father is described in the verse: αἰδοῖον κατ̣έπινεν, ὃς αἰθέρα ἔκθορ̣̣ε πρῶτος ( 8). The most controversial issue of the Derveni Papyrus has arguably been the meaning of the αἰδοῖον that Zeus swallows. Two opposing stances have been held: some scholars have understood it as a substantive meaning “phallus” and referring to Uranus’ member, cut off by Cronus (hereafter, hypothesis A); others have considered it an adjective meaning “venerable” and alluding to Protogonos, the firstborn god (hereafter, hypothesis B).Walter Burkert was the first to claim that αἰδοῖον means “phallus.” Geoffrey S. Kirk (independently, it seems) translates Orphic fragment 8 as “[Zeus] swallowed down the phallus [of him] who first leapt up to the upper air,” and states that the phallus is “the one severed from Ouranos by Kronos”; he translates Orphic fragment 12.1 (πρωτογόνου βασιλέως αἰδοίου) as “of the phallus of the first-born king.” According to Burkert, in Orphic fragment 8 “Zeus is made to ‘swallow the genitals’ of the god ‘who first had ejaculated the brilliance of the sky’; this must be Uranos, the ‘first king.’ Many other scholars have adhered to this theory and added further arguments in its favor.

Nobody Expects the Maoist Inquisition! 

How Mao Tested Khrushchev and

 Caused the Sino-Soviet Split, 1958-1959

Cameron Nielsen

Introduction
In 1949, shortly after founding the People’s Republic of China, Mao Zedong traveled to Moscow to beg for an alliance with his stronger neighbor, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mao had proclaimed that “China has stood up,” and then proved it by uniting China under one government for the
first time since the abdication of the Emperor in 1912. However, his country
 was still desperately poor with no geopolitical standing. China needed a staunch ally, and the USSR, which had mentored the Communists’ revolution, was the
natural choice. When the alliance was announced in 1950, it bore the fingerprints
of Stalin’s unfair treatment of his allies, but it was still what China needed—a legitimizing emblem, backed up with Soviet aid to develop the economy. Yet 1961, just eleven years later, saw the Chinese denouncing the Russians as
traitors to Communism, and 1969 saw the two countries fighting a brief border
 war. What happened? While there were many factors leading to the Sino-Soviet Split, one of the most important proximate causes was a pattern of almost bizarrely bad diplomacy, mostly on the Chinese side. If it were not for jarring provocations such as the infamous “swimming pool meeting” in 1958, the split may have not occurred until much later, and certainly would not have been as precipitous. When the behavior of Mao and other Chinese leaders is analyzed, it becomes clear that this was their intent. The evidence is strong that the 1958 Khrushchev-Mao meetings were crucial moments when this decision was made
READ ON 

Monographs on the Universe: Americans Respond to Ernst Haeckel’s Evolutionary Science and Theology, 1866–1883

Daniel Halverson

Ernst Haeckel was one of the nineteenth century’s most famous and influential scientists and science popularizers. According to one historian of biology, he was “the chief source of the world’s knowledge of Darwinism” in his time. At the same time, he endeavored to set up his own pantheistic-evolutionary theology in the place of Christianity. This study makes use of new information technologies to gather documents which have been largely unavailable to historians until recently. Halverson finds that Haeckel’s ideas met with a poor reception in the United States because American journalists, ministers, and scientists insisted on maintaining a sharp separation between science and theology, while Haeckel was intent on merging the two under an evolutionary-pantheistic framework. Although often regarded as an advocate of the “conflict thesis,” on his own terms he was a deeply religious man who wanted to reform, rather than abolish, theology.

The Struggle of Others:  Pierre Vallières, Québécois Settler Nationalism, and the N-Word Today.

VALLIERES FOUNDED THE FLQ, FRONT du LIBERATION QUEBEC

HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MANIFESTO WAS ENTITLED 

WHITE NIGGERS OF AMERICA  

Discourse: Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture, 2017

Bruno Cornellier

This essay re-examines the paradigm of the Quebecer as a “nègre blanc” (“white n****r”) that circulated in left-nationalist literature in 1960s Québec, most influentially in Pierre Vallières’ 1968 book-length manifesto/autobiography, Nègres blancs d’Amérique. In conversation with Mark Rifkin’s recent analyses of what he calls “settler common sense,” I explain that Vallières’ racially appropriative theorization of a global village of all exploited underclasses under the rubric “nègres” provided new orientations for an emergent structure of feeling in Québec, and one that would easily be incorporated within the hegemonic because it already spoke (and still speaks) its language: it effectively assumed forms of dwelling and personhood predicated on the geopolitical self-evidence of settler sovereignty and settler occupancy, while exculpating Québécois whiteness and disengaging it from the history of Western coloniality. Secondly, I draw parallels between Vallières’ radical prose and our contemporary moment, in the aftermath of a series of alleged “crises” and expressions of public outcry about governmental failures to properly manage diversity and secure state secularism in Québec. Even though Vallières’ later work allows us to speculate that he would have been very critical of the orientalist and islamophobic undertone of recent policy proposals about secularism, I argue that the fame and polemical visibility of his book in Québec’s intellectual history nonetheless continue to orient and sustain, with other texts, corresponding affective mappings about the futurity of the dominant group’s historical sufferings, thus allowing “us”/“nous” to constantly assume “our” legitimacy in rearticulating such self-authorized delineation of zones of exception.

Issue: 1

Volume: 39

Page Numbers: 31-66

Publication Date: 2017

Publication Name: Discourse: Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture

The Half Measure Terrorists: An Analysis of the FLQ through the Lens of the “Propaganda of the Deed”, Sergei Nechayev’s Catechism of a Revolutionary, and Other Decolonial Movements

Brenden Woldman

A Sorry State of Affairs: Chinese Arrivants, 

Indigenous Hosts, and Settler Colonial Apologies (2019)

Angie Wong, 

Lakehead University

Abstract: 

We make and give gestures of apology every day, Canadians doubly so. Yet, grand actsof apology for more serious and sustained matters, such as historical and contemporary injusticeagainst those with the least amount of social power, require far more ethical consideration and transformation than simply saying, “I am sorry.” Since the early 2000s, several political parties of the Canadian government have taken up the trend of making a spectacle out of nationalapologies to historically oppressed groups. Engaging with the concept of the settler colonial triad to theorize the histories of early Chinese arrivants’ experience, this work departs from the 2006 House of Commons apology made to Chinese Canadians on behalf of former PM StephenHarper and explores the paradoxical operations behind state-sanctioned apologies, including the use of benevolence and hospitality as crisis management tactics resultant of Canada’s settler colonial configuration. Within this contradictory relation, those who identify as ChineseCanadian may find themselves questioning their belonging, given the historically- fraught socialstrategies used for the making of Canadian subjecthood. State-sanctioned apologies function toconsolidate settler colonial reality and constitute a return to normalcy, which is why critical racescholars and scholars of settler colonial studies must look beyond unilateral relationships withthe state.

Angie Wong is a critical race scholar and second-generation Chinese born in Canada. Wong iscurrently a professor of Women’s Studies at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario.Reliant upon critical race theory, philosophy, settler colonial studies, and transnationalfeminisms, Wong continues to research the experiences of Asian women and histories of Chineseracialization in Canada in a forthcoming book project on the Chinatown community of Calgary, Alberta. Wong obtained a BCC from the University of Calgary (2012). Her MA (2014) and PhD(2018) in Humanities are from York University where she conducted the first extensivephilosophical and critical race analysis of the small and powerful grassroots magazinepublication,The Asianadian, under the supervision of Chinese Canadian and postcolonial scholar, Lily M. Cho. Wong’s approach to pedagogy and research is interdisciplinary, political,and cross-cultural.

  "BC Labour, the Left and Asian Exclusion, 1885-1914: Race and Racism on the West Coast"

Eoin Kelly

The history of the labour movement in British Columbia is intricately tied to the history of race and anti-Asian exclusion. Empowered by North American working class fears of Chinese labour, BC trade unions found strength in denouncing marginalized Asian labourers. Though moments of racial solidarity existed, they were few and far between. The growth of the mainstream BC labour movement, through its endorsement of anti-Asian exclusion, as well as the moments of anti-racist rejection racial solidarity, will show how racism and racialism worked to create, sustain and, occasionally, question the labour movement in British Columbia.

Location: Toronto

Publisher: History Student Association, University of Toronto

Journal Name: The Future of History

Publication Date: Sep 2016

Canada's First Internment Camps

CANADA'S RACIST HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS

Socialists and workers: 
the western Canadian coal miners, 1900-21

Labour/Le Travail, 1985

Allen Seager

Publisher: JSTOR

Publication Date: Jan 1, 1985

Publication Name: Labour/Le Travail

The Reddest Rose: Harvey Murphy Stood at the Barricades 

of Many Labour Struggles in BC

Ron Verzuh

A brief study of the very active life of the man who called himself the “reddest rose
 in the garden of Labour,” Harvey Murphy, suggests that he merited more than a 
few paragraphs or a few pages in scholarly works dedicated to a study of labour’s past. 
And yet Murphy, who stood at the barricades of many labour struggles throughout 
an era of radical union and left politics, seldom receives more than footnote-length 
treatment.
Hated by some labour leaders, he was long deemed a workers’ friend by Alberta
 and BC mine and smelter workers. He was at the clamorous forefront of the
 struggle for union and worker rights in Canada’s West for more than a decade. 
Why then has so little attention been paid to a man that BC historian 
Allen Seager called “the most influential communist in the Canadian trade-union 
movement in the 1940s”?

Ron Verzuh

Simon Fraser University

Graduate Student

Ron Verzuh is a Canadian writer, historian, photographer and documentary filmmaker. He holds a PhD in history from Simon Fraser University.His doctoral dissertation is entitled “Divided Loyalties: A Study of a Communist-led Trade Union in Trail, British Columbia, 1943-1955.” He has published many essays and articles on subjects ranging from the labour movement to travel, literature, news media, film, food, and politics. Many of his works can be seen at www.ronverzuh.ca. He is married and currently lives in Eugene, Oregon

75 ANNIVERSARY  Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, and Contemporary Capitalism
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 2019

Brigitte Aulenbacher
Richard Bärnthaler
Richard Bärnthaler
Andreas Novy

Seventy-five years ago, in April 1944, Karl Polanyi’s "The Great Transformation—On the origins of our times" (TGT) was published in the United States and England. Since then it has been translated into 15 languages (cf. Polanyi Levitt in this volume). Written in America during the war and under the impact of the Great Depression, TGT sought to come to terms with the collapse of the liberal civilization in a similarly embracing manner as Horkheimer’s and Adorno’s "Dialectics of enlightenment", published as a preliminary version also in 1944 in the USA. TGT captures the specific historical constellation of the “revolutionary thirties” in which free trade, the gold standard, and liberal democracy reached an impasse, resulting in competing attempts to re-order society — attempts that ranged from socialism to fascism and from Stalin’s“socialism in one country” to Roosevelt’s New Deal. At that time, the repercussions of Polanyi’s work remained fairly restricted, John Dewey’s euphoric feedback being a notable exception (cf. Gräser in this volume)...

Doi: 10.1007/s11614-019-00341-8
Issue: 2
Volume: 44
Page Numbers: 105-114
Publication Date: 2019
Publication Name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie

Karl Polanyi in Vienna: Guild Socialism, Austro-Marxism, and Duczynska’s alternative
https://www.academia.edu/28880352/Karl_Polanyi_in_Vienna_Guild_Socialism_Austro-Marxism_and_Duczynska_s_alternative
Gareth Dale
ABSTRACT
In this article I discuss Polanyi’s intellectual formation in early twentieth-century Budapest and in 1920s Vienna focusing in particular upon his relationship to Guild Socialist and & Marxist theory and Austrian Social (Democracy). His wife Ilona Duczynska's influence on his theorizing.

"Socialist Accounting" by Karl Polanyi (1922) + Preface (2016) https://www.academia.edu/28271636/_Socialist_Accounting_by_Karl_Polanyi_1922_PrefaceIt 
Ariane Fischer
David Woodruff
Johanna Bockman
Ariane Fischer, David Woodruff, and Johanna Bockman have translated Karl Polanyi’s “Sozialistische Rechnungslegung” [“Socialist Accounting”] from 1922. In this article, Polanyi laid out his model of a future socialism, a world in which the economy is subordinated to society. Polanyi described the nature of this society and a kind of socialism that he would remain committed to his entire life. Accompanying the translation is the preface titled “Socialism and the embedded economy.” In the preface, Bockman explains the historical context of the article and its significance to the socialist calculation debate, the social sciences, and socialism more broadly. Based on her reading of the accounting and society that Polanyi offers here, Bockman argues that scholars have too narrowly used Polanyi’s work to support the Keynesian welfare state to the exclusion of other institutions, have too broadly used his work to study social institutions indiscriminately, and have not recognized that his work shares fundamental commonalities with and often unacknowledged distinctions from neoclassical economics.

HAYEK VERSUS POLANYI:SPONTANEITY AND DESIGN IN CAPITALISM
https://www.academia.edu/2954917/Hayek_vs._Polanyi_Spontaneity_and_Design_in_Capitalism
 Rafael Galvão de Almeida (UFSCar/Sorocaba) Ramón García Fernández (UFABC)
Abstract:
This paper studies the concept of spontaneous order, its development through many schools of economic thought and its importance for the society of our days. We begin to discuss this idea looking at the work of Friedrich Hayek,since he proposed the most well-known conceptualization of spontaneous order,which came out of the economic calculation debate of the 1930s; this led to his research about the role of the information on the economy, which is dispersed through the economy. The most mature version of his work can be found in“
 Law, Legislation and Liberty”
, in which he also discusses practical applications. As a counterpoint to the Hayekian perspective, we include some criticisms of this concept, and accordingly we look at the contributions of Karl Polanyi on this issue. Polanyi diverged from Hayek about the role of the market in the society, as he proposed that societies protect themselves from the invasion of the market in the other social spheres, through the process he called “double movement”. For the last part, we conclude that, despite some relevant objections, it is fruitful to maintain the concept of spontaneous order, stressing that Polanyi´s double movement itself can be considered a manifestation of the spontaneous order. On the other hand, we emphasize that this spontaneous order at some moment needs to be institutionalized with some rules, so we consider that anarchism, in its libertarian or its leftist perspectives, are self-defeating proposals.
Keywords: spontaneous order, double movement, Friedrich Hayek, Karl Polanyi,invisible hand