CONSERVATION AND SUBSISTENCE IN SMALL-SCALE SOCIETIES
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.anthro.29.1.493
Eric Alden Smith
Department of Anthropology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
Mark Wishnie
School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
Key Words collective action, sustainability, common property resources,
biodiversity
■ Abstract
Some scholars have championed the view that small-scale societies are
conservers or even creators of biodiversity. Others have argued that human populations have always modified their environments, often in ways that enhance short-term
gains at the expense of environmental stability and biodiversity conservation. Recent
ethnographic studies as well as theory from several disciplines allow a less polarized
assessment. We review this body of data and theory and assess various predictions
regarding sustainable environmental utilization. The meaning of the term conservation
is itself controversial. We propose that to qualify as conservation, any action or practice
must not only prevent or mitigate resource overharvesting or environmental damage,
it must also be designed to do so. The conditions under which conservation will be
adaptive are stringent, involving temporal discounting, economic demand, information
feedback, and collective action. Theory thus predicts, and evidence suggests, that voluntary conservation is rare. However, sustainable use and management of resources
and habitats by small-scale societies is widespread and may often indirectly result in
biodiversity preservation or even enhancement via creation of habitat mosaics.
Sunday, June 07, 2020
THE COMING
TRANSFORMATION
Values to Sustain Human and Natural Communities
Stephen R. Kellert and James Gustave Speth
EDITORS
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=fes-pubs
Table of Contents
Preface 1
Stephen R. Kellert and James Gustave Speth
The Coming Transformation: Values to Sustain Human
and Natural Communities 4
James Gustave Speth, Sara Shallenberg Brown Professor in the
Practice of Environmental Policy, Yale School of Forestry &
Environmental Studies
A Biocultural Basis for an Environmental Ethic 21
Stephen R. Kellert, Professor of Social Ecology, Yale School of
Forestry & Environmental Studies; Executive Chairman,
BioLogical Capital
Transcendency Challenged 39
Richard B. Norgaard, Professor in the Energy and Resources Group,
University of California Berkeley
A Transformational Ecology 64
Jonathan F. P. Rose, President, Jonathan Rose Companies LLC
God Shed His Grace on Thee: Obstacles and Opportunities for a
Polity Respectful of Nature in the United States and Beyond 86
Peter G. Brown, Professor, School of the Environment, Department
of Geography, and Department of Natural Resource Sciences,
McGill University
Planetary Praxis: On Rhyming Hope and History 110
Paul D. Raskin, President and Founder, Tellus Institute
In Pursuit of Sustainability 147
David Grant, President and CEO, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
Values and Ecological Sustainability: Recent Research and
Policy Possibilities 180
Tim Kasser, Professor of Psychology, Knox College
Reductionism and Its Cultural Fallout 205
John R. Ehrenfeld, Senior Research Associate (retired)
MIT Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development
Toward a New Relationship 228
Peter Forbes, Executive Director, Center for Whole Communities
Sustainability in Action: New Thinking and a Better Way 243
Ray C. Anderson, Founder and Chairman, Interface, Inc.
Field Notes on Communication 266
Alison Hawthorne Deming, Professor of Creative Writing,
University of Arizona
What Can the Humanities Contribute to a New Consciousness
in Harmony With Nature? 278
J. Baird Callicott, Regents Professor of Philosophy and
Religion Studies, Institute of Applied Sciences, University
of North Texas
Transforming Religious Discourse: Strategies of Hope 299
Willis Jenkins, Margaret Farley Assistant Professor of Social
Ethics, Yale Divinity School
Religious Transformation in an Ecological Key 327
John Grim, Senior Lecturer and Research Scholar, Yale University
Planetary Awareness,Worldviews and the Conservation of
Biodiversity 353
R.I. VaneWright, National Endowment for Science, Technology
and the Arts, London, UK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and
Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, UK; Department of
Entomology, Natural History Museum, London, UK
The Role of the Natural Sciences in Sparking an
Environmental Ethic 383
Carl Safina, President, Blue Ocean Institute and Marah J. Hardt,
Researcher, Writer, and Creative Consultant
The Gaian Generation: A New Approach to Environmental
Learning 407
Mitchell Thomashow, President, Unity College
The Universe Story as a Basis for a Multicultural
Planetary Civilization 428
Mary Evelyn Tucker, Senior Research Scholar and Senior Lecturer,
Yale University, and Brian Swimme, Faculty, California Institute
of Integral Studies
Values to Sustain Human and Natural Communities
Stephen R. Kellert and James Gustave Speth
EDITORS
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=fes-pubs
Table of Contents
Preface 1
Stephen R. Kellert and James Gustave Speth
The Coming Transformation: Values to Sustain Human
and Natural Communities 4
James Gustave Speth, Sara Shallenberg Brown Professor in the
Practice of Environmental Policy, Yale School of Forestry &
Environmental Studies
A Biocultural Basis for an Environmental Ethic 21
Stephen R. Kellert, Professor of Social Ecology, Yale School of
Forestry & Environmental Studies; Executive Chairman,
BioLogical Capital
Transcendency Challenged 39
Richard B. Norgaard, Professor in the Energy and Resources Group,
University of California Berkeley
A Transformational Ecology 64
Jonathan F. P. Rose, President, Jonathan Rose Companies LLC
God Shed His Grace on Thee: Obstacles and Opportunities for a
Polity Respectful of Nature in the United States and Beyond 86
Peter G. Brown, Professor, School of the Environment, Department
of Geography, and Department of Natural Resource Sciences,
McGill University
Planetary Praxis: On Rhyming Hope and History 110
Paul D. Raskin, President and Founder, Tellus Institute
In Pursuit of Sustainability 147
David Grant, President and CEO, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
Values and Ecological Sustainability: Recent Research and
Policy Possibilities 180
Tim Kasser, Professor of Psychology, Knox College
Reductionism and Its Cultural Fallout 205
John R. Ehrenfeld, Senior Research Associate (retired)
MIT Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development
Toward a New Relationship 228
Peter Forbes, Executive Director, Center for Whole Communities
Sustainability in Action: New Thinking and a Better Way 243
Ray C. Anderson, Founder and Chairman, Interface, Inc.
Field Notes on Communication 266
Alison Hawthorne Deming, Professor of Creative Writing,
University of Arizona
What Can the Humanities Contribute to a New Consciousness
in Harmony With Nature? 278
J. Baird Callicott, Regents Professor of Philosophy and
Religion Studies, Institute of Applied Sciences, University
of North Texas
Transforming Religious Discourse: Strategies of Hope 299
Willis Jenkins, Margaret Farley Assistant Professor of Social
Ethics, Yale Divinity School
Religious Transformation in an Ecological Key 327
John Grim, Senior Lecturer and Research Scholar, Yale University
Planetary Awareness,Worldviews and the Conservation of
Biodiversity 353
R.I. VaneWright, National Endowment for Science, Technology
and the Arts, London, UK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and
Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, UK; Department of
Entomology, Natural History Museum, London, UK
The Role of the Natural Sciences in Sparking an
Environmental Ethic 383
Carl Safina, President, Blue Ocean Institute and Marah J. Hardt,
Researcher, Writer, and Creative Consultant
The Gaian Generation: A New Approach to Environmental
Learning 407
Mitchell Thomashow, President, Unity College
The Universe Story as a Basis for a Multicultural
Planetary Civilization 428
Mary Evelyn Tucker, Senior Research Scholar and Senior Lecturer,
Yale University, and Brian Swimme, Faculty, California Institute
of Integral Studies
Mar 30, 2017 - will create enough job loss that the net effect on the low wage labor ... (Greider now): “The global economy divides every society into new camps of ... on the part of Wallace, a former collegiate boxing star. ... economics, contribute to a more just and sustainable society. ... Some would even favor a carbon-.
into Transport and Urban Planning and Decision Making................. 641 ... Further economic growth and new technological developments in cities may help ... and global environmental impact, guided by urban sustainability visions and targets. ... society, participation and health implications with chapters on social cohesion.
Research Volume Four
Global Commission on Internet Governance
Designing Digital Freedom
A Human Rights Agenda for Internet Governance
https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/documents/GCIG%20Volume%204.pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Global Commission on Internet Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Carl Bildt
Introduction: Human Rights Tensions in Internet Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Laura DeNardis
Chapter One: One in Three: Internet Governance and Children’s Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sonia Livingstone, John Carr and Jasmina Byrne
Chapter Two: Education 3.0 and Internet Governance: A New Global Alliance for Children and
Young People’s Sustainable Digital Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Divina Frau-Meigs and Lee Hibbard
Chapter Three: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights: Examining a
Human Rights Framework for the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Carolina Rossini, Francisco Brito Cruz and Danilo Doneda
Chapter Four: A Pragmatic Approach to the Right to Be Forgotten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Kieron O’Hara, Nigel Shadbolt and Wendy Hall
Chapter Five: Understanding Digital Intelligence and the Norms That Might Govern It . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
David Omand
Chapter Six: Ethics in the Internet Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Rolf H. Weber
Chapter Seven: The Privatization of Human Rights: Illusions of Consent, Automation and Neutrality . . . . . . . 125
Emily Taylor
Chapter Eight: Corporate Accountability for a Free and Open Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Rebecca MacKinnon, Nathalie Maréchal and Priya Kumar
About CIGI
Global Commission on Internet Governance
Designing Digital Freedom
A Human Rights Agenda for Internet Governance
https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/documents/GCIG%20Volume%204.pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Global Commission on Internet Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Carl Bildt
Introduction: Human Rights Tensions in Internet Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Laura DeNardis
Chapter One: One in Three: Internet Governance and Children’s Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sonia Livingstone, John Carr and Jasmina Byrne
Chapter Two: Education 3.0 and Internet Governance: A New Global Alliance for Children and
Young People’s Sustainable Digital Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Divina Frau-Meigs and Lee Hibbard
Chapter Three: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights: Examining a
Human Rights Framework for the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Carolina Rossini, Francisco Brito Cruz and Danilo Doneda
Chapter Four: A Pragmatic Approach to the Right to Be Forgotten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Kieron O’Hara, Nigel Shadbolt and Wendy Hall
Chapter Five: Understanding Digital Intelligence and the Norms That Might Govern It . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
David Omand
Chapter Six: Ethics in the Internet Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Rolf H. Weber
Chapter Seven: The Privatization of Human Rights: Illusions of Consent, Automation and Neutrality . . . . . . . 125
Emily Taylor
Chapter Eight: Corporate Accountability for a Free and Open Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Rebecca MacKinnon, Nathalie Maréchal and Priya Kumar
About CIGI
by DR Menezes - Related articles
Sep 19, 2019 - 157. 8.3. Developing Revenue to pay for Arctic Infrastructure ... and sustainable development in Canada's coastal communities on the ... ends, the development of global society in the North is exposing both ... In Chapter 10, Andrew Chater examines the security relationship ... Wallace Clement and Leah.
Nihilism Inc.:
Environmental Destruction
and the
Metaphysics of Sustainability
Arran Gare
https://tinyurl.com/y76v3rk2
CONTENTS
Preface
Introduction
1. Ecocide as Applied Nihilism 1
2. Responses to Environmental Problems 32
3. Ideology, Metaphysics and Society:
The Metaphysical Roots of European Civilization 64
4. Christian Neoplatonism and the Emergence of Feudal Society 86
5. Mechanistic Materialism and Capitalism: The Origins of Nihilism 112
6. Mechanical Nature and Mechanical Humans: The Triumph of Nihilism 135
7. Nihilism Incorporated 157
8. Marxism and the Environment 189
9. Marxism and Metaphysics 214
10. Marxism and the Dynamics of Russian Culture 233
11. Soviet Environmentalism and the Future of Marxism 263
12. Epistemology, Dialectics and Metaphysics 281
13. Process Philosophy as Metaphysics 310
14. Process Philosophy and the Natural Sciences 326
15. Humanity as an Emergent Phenomenon Within Nature 352
16. Ethics, Political Philosophy and the Social Sciences 377
17. Towards an Ecologically Sustainable Civilization 410
Index 432
Arran Gare
https://tinyurl.com/y76v3rk2
CONTENTS
Preface
Introduction
1. Ecocide as Applied Nihilism 1
2. Responses to Environmental Problems 32
3. Ideology, Metaphysics and Society:
The Metaphysical Roots of European Civilization 64
4. Christian Neoplatonism and the Emergence of Feudal Society 86
5. Mechanistic Materialism and Capitalism: The Origins of Nihilism 112
6. Mechanical Nature and Mechanical Humans: The Triumph of Nihilism 135
7. Nihilism Incorporated 157
8. Marxism and the Environment 189
9. Marxism and Metaphysics 214
10. Marxism and the Dynamics of Russian Culture 233
11. Soviet Environmentalism and the Future of Marxism 263
12. Epistemology, Dialectics and Metaphysics 281
13. Process Philosophy as Metaphysics 310
14. Process Philosophy and the Natural Sciences 326
15. Humanity as an Emergent Phenomenon Within Nature 352
16. Ethics, Political Philosophy and the Social Sciences 377
17. Towards an Ecologically Sustainable Civilization 410
Index 432
Restoring Natural
Capital: Science,
Business, and
Practice
Society for Ecological Restoration International
Edited by
James Aronson, Suzanne J. Milton, and James N. Blignaut
Foreword by
Peter Raven
https://www.commonland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/RestoringNaturalCapital_25061.pdf
Capital: Science,
Business, and
Practice
Society for Ecological Restoration International
Edited by
James Aronson, Suzanne J. Milton, and James N. Blignaut
Foreword by
Peter Raven
https://www.commonland.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/RestoringNaturalCapital_25061.pdf
The Post-Politicization of Participation in Neoliberal Conservation: Cases from Canada and Thailand
Megan Youdelis
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHY
YORK UNIVERSITY
TORONTO, ONTARIO
December, 2017
ABSTRACT
The rescaling of conservation globally is engendering an increase in private sector stakeholders in conservation practice. Recent moves to allow private interests to develop and manage
services within national parks have sparked significant countermovements in several states, including Canada and Thailand. Political ecologists have widely elucidated the socio-economic
implications of the neoliberalsiation of conservation, but have been rather quiet on the political
implications in terms of public and Indigenous participation in conservation governance. This
research explores the relationship between political economy and the politics of conservation
governance through two case studies of public protest against private tourism development within protected areas: Jasper National Park, Canada and Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. I
analyze the nature and scope of both countermovements, looking at how and why situated actors
articulate different visions of conservation and the role of national parks, what strategies proponents and opponents employ to enrol allies, and how and why certain knowledge claims about
conservation gain currency over others. I argue that neoliberalisation, and austerity politics more
specifically, create the structural conditions for the post-politicization of conservation governance, reducing democratic oversight of public provisioning. In such conditions, park authorities
employ a series of strategies to remove debate from the public sphere, orchestrate the appearance
of consensus and ultimately to legitimize unpopular tourism development decisions.
https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10315/34960/Youdelis_Megan_C_2017_PhD.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Megan Youdelis
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHY
YORK UNIVERSITY
TORONTO, ONTARIO
December, 2017
ABSTRACT
The rescaling of conservation globally is engendering an increase in private sector stakeholders in conservation practice. Recent moves to allow private interests to develop and manage
services within national parks have sparked significant countermovements in several states, including Canada and Thailand. Political ecologists have widely elucidated the socio-economic
implications of the neoliberalsiation of conservation, but have been rather quiet on the political
implications in terms of public and Indigenous participation in conservation governance. This
research explores the relationship between political economy and the politics of conservation
governance through two case studies of public protest against private tourism development within protected areas: Jasper National Park, Canada and Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. I
analyze the nature and scope of both countermovements, looking at how and why situated actors
articulate different visions of conservation and the role of national parks, what strategies proponents and opponents employ to enrol allies, and how and why certain knowledge claims about
conservation gain currency over others. I argue that neoliberalisation, and austerity politics more
specifically, create the structural conditions for the post-politicization of conservation governance, reducing democratic oversight of public provisioning. In such conditions, park authorities
employ a series of strategies to remove debate from the public sphere, orchestrate the appearance
of consensus and ultimately to legitimize unpopular tourism development decisions.
https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10315/34960/Youdelis_Megan_C_2017_PhD.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Energizing the Right: Economy, Ecology, and Culture in the 1970s US Energy Crisis
Caleb Wellum
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
University of Toronto
2017
Abstract
Taking up Janet Roitman’s charge to think critically about the epistemology of crises, this
dissertation is an interdisciplinary cultural history of the 1970s “energy crisis” in the United
States. It asks how a crisis of energy came to be, how different experts and interests interpreted
its meaning, and how it has shaped US political culture. My central claim is that the energy crisis
fostered neoliberalism in the United States by cultivating speculative discourses about energy
futures that ultimately supported free market trade and energy policies by the early 1980s.
Indeed, the energy crisis itself was always largely speculative, concerned with the possibility of
greater scarcity in the future, and it generated competing visions of the future that ultimately
moved the country further to the economic right. But this story is not just about the market. It is
also about the ecological critiques of carbon capitalism that the energy crisis inspired and the
ways in which they both challenged and overlapped with neoliberal formations.
iii
I first explore the evolution of the energy crisis as a historically specific assemblage that
was only possible in the 1970s. I then consider the political flexibility of the crisis by tracing
competing interpretations of its meaning. This theme continues in a chapter on the conservation
ethic – a widely proposed solution to the energy crisis that excoriated the waste inherent in the
American “way of life,” but for competing ends. Neoliberalism enters the story in my final
chapters, which consider how “car films” valorized the white neoliberal subject through
unfettered auto-mobility, and the establishment of oil futures contracts as a free market solution
to the energy crisis. My interdisciplinary approach broadens the historiography of the energy
crisis to consider the concepts, meanings, affects, and practices that comprised it, providing
deeper context for the policy and geopolitical concerns that other scholars explore. I conclude
that the articulation of a “crisis” was an insufficient foundation upon which to build a large scale
energy transition
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/98798/1/Wellum_Caleb_201711_PhD_thesis.pdf
Caleb Wellum
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
University of Toronto
2017
Abstract
Taking up Janet Roitman’s charge to think critically about the epistemology of crises, this
dissertation is an interdisciplinary cultural history of the 1970s “energy crisis” in the United
States. It asks how a crisis of energy came to be, how different experts and interests interpreted
its meaning, and how it has shaped US political culture. My central claim is that the energy crisis
fostered neoliberalism in the United States by cultivating speculative discourses about energy
futures that ultimately supported free market trade and energy policies by the early 1980s.
Indeed, the energy crisis itself was always largely speculative, concerned with the possibility of
greater scarcity in the future, and it generated competing visions of the future that ultimately
moved the country further to the economic right. But this story is not just about the market. It is
also about the ecological critiques of carbon capitalism that the energy crisis inspired and the
ways in which they both challenged and overlapped with neoliberal formations.
iii
I first explore the evolution of the energy crisis as a historically specific assemblage that
was only possible in the 1970s. I then consider the political flexibility of the crisis by tracing
competing interpretations of its meaning. This theme continues in a chapter on the conservation
ethic – a widely proposed solution to the energy crisis that excoriated the waste inherent in the
American “way of life,” but for competing ends. Neoliberalism enters the story in my final
chapters, which consider how “car films” valorized the white neoliberal subject through
unfettered auto-mobility, and the establishment of oil futures contracts as a free market solution
to the energy crisis. My interdisciplinary approach broadens the historiography of the energy
crisis to consider the concepts, meanings, affects, and practices that comprised it, providing
deeper context for the policy and geopolitical concerns that other scholars explore. I conclude
that the articulation of a “crisis” was an insufficient foundation upon which to build a large scale
energy transition
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/98798/1/Wellum_Caleb_201711_PhD_thesis.pdf
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